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1、东北大学软件学院毕业设计（论文）外文参考资料（原文与译文）外文题目：Healthcaresystem中文题目：卫生保健系统作者：RalphKimball专业：软件工程班级：软件班学号：姓名：2011年6月10日第26页共26页HealthcaresystemNowadays,thehealthcaresystemswhichareprovidedbynationshaveimprovedtheirresidents’healthremarkably.TaketheUSAforexample,thelifeexpectancyatbirt
2、hhasraisedto80yearsold,whiletheinfantmortalityhasdeclinedto7‰.Inothercountriesoftheworld,thesimilarsituationalsoexistswidely.Sincethehealthcaresystemsareplayingmoreandmoreimportantrolesinnationalhealth,peopleoftenpaymuchattentiontowhichsystemsarebetterandwhetherthecurren
3、tsystemscanbeimproved.However,theaspectsofthesesystemsthatvarywidelybetweennations(suchashowtheyarefunded,themodewhichservicesaredelivered,percentageofGDPspentonhealthcare,thepersonallivinghabitsandsoon)aresomanythatitishardforustodeterminewhichsystemisbetter.Actually,it
4、isimpossibleandnotnecessaryforustousethedataaboutalltheaspects,thusourtasksaretochooseandcombinesomemetricstoevaluateahealthcaresystemwithsufficientreasons.ThentheevaluationmethodisusedbetweentheUSAandanothercountrytocheckupwhetheritisavailable.Usingtheevaluationmethod,w
5、ecangainthattheeffectivenessbetweendifferenthealthcaresystemsisdifferent,whichmeansthereisstillalongwayfornationstoimprovetheirhealthcaresystems.Basedonthefactthatanymeasuresthatanationtakescanaffecttheeffectivenessofthehealthcaresystemsevidently,ifwewanttogetmuchbettere
6、ffectivehealthcaresystems,someusefulmeasuresareabsolutelynecessary.PartI:Choosingandcombiningmetrics1.1ChoosingmetricsAsweallknow,aspectsofhealthcaresystemsvarywidelybetweennations,allofwhichcanreflecttheeffectivenessofhealthcaresystemstoacertainextent.However,accordingt
7、otheWorldHealthStatisticsgivenbytheWHO,thenumberofmetricsismorethan70,itisnearlyimpossibleforustoevaluateahealthcaresystemusingallofthemetrics.Tosimplifytheevaluation,wehavechosensomeimportantmetrics,whichcanaffecttheeffectivenessofhealthcaresystemsmoreremarkably.General
8、ly,ahealthcaresystemcanbeevaluatedfromthefollowingsixaspects:1)Mortality2)Morbidity3)Coverage4)Healthsy
