外商直接投资增加国内企业的生产力吗？基于后向关联溢出的研究【外文翻译】

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1、一、外文原文DoesForeignDirectInvestmentIncreasetheProductivityofDomesticFirms?InSearchofSpilloversthroughBackwardLinkagesIntroductionFollowingtheadviceofmultilateraldevelopmentagencies,policymakersinmanydevelopingandtransitioneconomiesplaceattractingforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)highontheiragenda,expecting

2、FDIinflowstobringnewtechnologies,know-howandthuscontributetoincreasingproductivityandcompetitivenessofdomesticindustries.Manycountriesgobeyondnationaltreatmentofmultinationalsbyofferingforeigncompanies,throughsubsidiesandtaxholidays,morefavorableconditionsthanthosegrantedtodomesticfirms.'Astheecono

3、micrationaleforthisspecialtreatment,policymakerscitepositiveexternalitiesgeneratedbyFDIthroughproductivityspilloverstodomesticfirms.Theonlytroubleisthatthereisnoproofthatpositiveproductivityexternalitiesgeneratedbyforeignpresenceactuallyexist.AsDaniRodrik(1999)remarked,"today'spolicyliteratureisfil

4、ledwithextravagantclaimsaboutpositivespilloversfromFDIbuttheevidenceissobering."AndindeedthedifficultiesassociatedwithdisentanglingdifferenteffectsatplayanddatalimitationshavepreventedresearchersfromprovidingconclusiveevidenceofpositiveexternalitiesresultingfromFDI.Whilerecentfirm-levelstudieshaveo

5、vercomemanyofthedifficultiesfacedbytheearlierliterature,themessageemergingfromthemisnotveryoptimistic.Theexistingliteratureonthissubjectisofthreekinds.First,therearecasestudiesincludingdescriptionspertainingtoparticularFDIprojectsorspecificcountries,whichhoweverrarelyofferquantitativeinformationand

6、arenoteasilygeneralized(seeforinstance,RheeandBelot,1989;Moran2001).Thenthereisaplethoraofindustrylevelstudies,mostofwhichshowapositivecorrelationbetweenforeignpresenceandsectoralproductivity.2Theirdownsideisthedifficultyinestablishingthedirectionofthecausality.Itispossiblethatthispositiveassociati

7、oniscausedbythefactthatmultinationalstendtolocateinhighproductivityindustriesratherthanbygenuineproductivityspillovers.ItmayalsobearesultofFDIinflowsforcinglessproductivedomesticfirmstoexitand/ormultination