可操控资产计提减值的原因及结果【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译外文题目CausesandEttectsofDiscretionaryAssetWrite-Offs外文出处JournalofAccountingResearchVol.34Supplement1996外文作者JenniferFrancis,J.DouglasHanna,andLindaVincent原文：CausesandEffectsofDiscretionaryAssetWrite-OffsIntroductionThispaperprovidesevidenceonthecausesandsh

2、areholderwealtheffectsofdiscretionaryassetwrite-offs.Weusetheterm"write-off"torefertobothcompleteandpartialdownwardassetrevaluations,andwedescribeoursamplewrite-offsasdiscretionarybecauseoverthe1989-92periodcoveredbythestudy,therewaslittleauthoritativeguidanceontheac

3、countingformosttypesofassetimpairments,otherthaninventory.Theabsenceofexplicitguidanceformanyassetspermittedsubstantialmanagementdiscretionaboutamountsandtimingofwrite-offs.TheAmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountantsurgedtheFinancialAccountingStandardsBoardin198

4、0toexaminetheassetimpairmentissuebecausetheybelievedthatthevarietyofpractices,terminology,andvaluationmethodsinusereducedthecomparabilityandconsistencyoffinancialstatements.Theseconcerns,echoedbytheEmergingIssuesTaskForce,theFinancialAccountingStandardsAdvisoryCommit

5、tee,theFinancialExecutivesInstitute,andtheNationalAssociationofAccoun-tants,intensifiedasboththefrequencyandthemagnitudeofwrite-offsincreasedduringthe1980s.TheFASB'sresponsewastoadoptSFASNo.121(March1995)whichspecifiescriteriafordeterminingwhetherimpairmentoflong-liv

6、edassetshasoccurredandhowmuchimpairmentshouldberecognized.Theexpresseddemandsforauthoritativeguidanceontheaccountingforassetimpairmentsappeartobebasedonanotionthatmanagementstakeadvantageofthediscretionaffordedbytheaccountingrulestomanipulateearningseitherbynotrecogn

7、izingimpairmentwhenithasoccurredorbyrecognizingitonlywhenitisadvantageous(tothem)todoso.Thischaracterizationofwrite-offsassumesthatmanagershaveincentivestomanageearningsintheseways,andthatinvestorsaresomehowunabletoundothesemanipulations.Analternativeviewisthatmanage

8、rstakewrite-offsnottomanipulateearningsbuttoreflectdeclinesinthevaluesofassetsduetopoorfirmperformance,actionstakenbycompetitors,ch