国际金融名词解释课后答案

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1、2013.1国际金融名词解释1.OfficialsettlementsbalanceorOverallBalance官方结算差额（综合账户差额或总差额）Theoverallbalance(B)equalsthesumofthecurrentaccountbalance(CA)plustheprivatecapitalaccountbalance(FA).B=CA+FA.综合账户差额或总差额，也称官方结算差额，等于经常账户差额(CA)加上私人资本账户余额(FA)。Itshouldindicatewhethertheoverall

2、patternofthecountry'sbalanceofpaymentshasachievedasustainableequilibrium.Itindicatestheextentofofficialinterventionintheforeignexchangemarkets.Theofficialsettlementsbalancealsoequalsthenegativeoftheofficialreservesbalance(OR).B+OR=0.总差额旨在表明国家的国际收支总体状况是否已达到了可持续的均衡，反应

3、了官方干预外汇市场的程度。由于综合差额必然导致官方储备的反方向变动，所以可用来衡量国际收支对一国储备造成的压力。2.DirtyFloatorManagedFloat肮脏浮动（有管理的浮动）Governmentsoftendonotallowacleanfloat,butrathertakeactionslikeofficialinterventiontomanageordirtythefloat.Thispolicyapproach--anexchangeratethatisgenerallyfloating(orflexib

4、le)butwiththegovernmentwillingtointervenetoattempttoinfluencethemarketrate--iscalledadirtyfloat(oramanagedfloat).各国政府一般不允许汇率完全自由浮动，而是采取官方干预对汇率的浮动进行管理。汇率基本上是浮动的（或灵活的），但同时政府又通过干预试图影响市场汇率，这种政策被称为肮脏浮动（有管理的浮动）。3.Crawlingpeg爬行钉住Thegovernmentdecidestofixlocalcurrencytogold

5、orasingleothercurrencyorabasketofothercurrencies,anddecidesthewidthofabandaroundthecentralfixedrate,theexchangeratehassomeflexibilityaroundthisparvaluebuttheflexibilityislimitedbythesizeoftheband.Ifthegovernmentoftenchangesthefixedrate,theapproachiscalledacrawlingpe

6、g.政府决定将本币与黄金或某种单独货币或一篮子货币挂钩，并确定中心固定汇率波动的区间宽度，汇率可围绕法定平价上下波动，波动受到波动区间宽度的限制。如果政府经常调整汇率，那么便是爬行钉住汇率。4.SterilizedIntervention冲销式干预Itisthegovernmentmakestransactionsintheforeignexchangemarketandatthesametimeuseothermonetarypolicytools(mainlyistheopenmarketoperationinthenat

7、ionaldebtmarket)tooffsettheeffectsoftheformerinthemoneysupply,sothatthemoneysupplystaythesame.Theinfluenceofthepolicymeasuresbyoffsettingforeignexchangemarkettransactionsinthemoneysupplyarecalledsterilizedmeasures.Andbyjusttakingsterilizedmeasuresinordertomaintainaf

8、ixedexchangerateiscalledsterilizedIntervention.是指政府在外汇市场上进行交易的同时，通过其他货币政策工具（主要是在国债市场上的公开市场业务）来抵销前者对货币供应量的影响，从而使货币供应量维持不变的外汇市场干预行为。为抵销外汇市场交