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1、高频脉冲电镀电源设计摘要电镀,即采用电化学的方法使金属离子还原为金属,并在金属或非金属制品表面形成符合要求的平滑、致密的金属覆盖层。电镀后的镀层性能在很大程度上取代了原来基体的性能,起装饰和防护作用,随着科学技术与生产的发展,电镀工艺已遍布各个领域。但目前电镀技术仍存在某些缺陷,诸如加工时间长、镀层厚度均匀性差、镀层容易出现缺陷以及存在较大内应力等。这些缺陷大大限制了电镀技术的应用和发展,不能适应当前的生产,尤其是精密制造的需要。脉冲电镀实际上是一种通断直流电镀。脉冲电镀过程中,当电流导通时,脉冲(峰值)电流相当于普通直流电流的几倍甚至几十倍,正是这个
2、瞬时高电流密度使金属离子在极高的过电位下还原,从而使沉积层晶粒变细;当电流关断时,阴极区附近放电离子又恢复到初始浓度,浓差极化消除,这利于下一个脉冲周期继续使用高的脉冲(峰值)电流密度,同时关断期内还伴有对沉积层有利的重结晶、吸脱附等现象。这样的过程同期性地贯穿整个电镀过程的始末,其中所包含的机理构成了脉冲电镀的最基本原理。本设计采用pic单片机对脉冲进行控制,实践证明,脉冲电镀在细化结晶、改善镀层物理化学性能、节约贵金属等方面比传统的直流电镀有着不可比拟的优越性。关键词:电镀;脉冲电源;pic单片机IIIAbstractElectroplating,
3、namelybyelectrochemicalmethodtomakethemetaliontometal,andformedwithsmooth,denserequirementsofthemetalcoatingonthesurfaceofmetalornon-metalproducts.Theperformanceofplatingplatingafterreplacingtheoriginalmatrixtoagreatextent,playaroleofdecorationandprotection,withthedevelopmentofs
4、cienceandtechnologyandproduction,electroplatingprocessacrossthefield.Buttheelectroplatingtechnologystillhassomedefects,suchaslongprocessingtime,coatingthicknessuniformityofcoating,pronetodefectsandthepresenceoflargerinternalstress.Thesedefectsgreatlylimitstheapplicationanddevelo
5、pmentofelectroplatingtechnology,cannotadapttothecurrentproduction,especiallytheneedofprecisionmanufacturing.Pulseelectroplatingisactuallyanon-offDCplating.Pulseelectroplatingprocess,whenthecurrentisswitchedon,thepulse(peak)severaltimesthecurrentequivalenttoanordinaryDCcurrentore
6、venseveraltimes,itistheinstantaneoushighcurrentdensityofmetalionsreductioninpotentialhigh,sothegrainbecamefine;whenthecurrentisturnedoff,thecathodeareanearthedischargeionandreturntotheinitialconcentration,theconcentrationpolarizationiseliminated,thebeneficialcyclepulsenexttocont
7、inuetousethehighpulsecurrentdensity(peak),atthesametimeturn-offperiodaccompaniedbyrecrystallization,favorabletothedepositionlayerdesorptionphenomena.Thisprocesssynchronizationthroughoutthewholeplatingprocessfrombeginningtoend,themechanismofwhichcontainconstitutethemostbasicprinc
8、ipleofpulseplating.ThisdesignusesPICmicro-contr