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1、5期蒋智林等:非洲狗尾草与紫茎泽兰的竞争效应1353非洲狗尾草与紫茎泽兰的竞争效应蒋智林1,2,刘万学1,万方浩1,李正跃2(1中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100094;2云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明650201)摘要:【目的】明确非洲狗尾草与紫茎泽兰种间竞争关系,探索紫茎泽兰替代控制和其入侵地生态修复的途径和策略。【方法】采用野外生态学的试验方法,建立不同密度的非洲狗尾草和紫茎泽兰单种与混种种群小区,定量分析其相对生长速率和竞争能力。【结果】非洲狗尾草单株生物量、相对产量(RY)和竞争平衡指数(CB)均显著高于紫茎泽
2、兰对应指标,竞争效应参数相对产量总和(RYT)显著小于1;随着各处理种群密度的增大,上述关系愈加明显。在混种处理20、45和175株/m2密度条件下,紫茎泽兰单株总生物量比其在单种处理对应密度条件下的单株生物量分别降低了33.0%、38.5%和70.1%,而非洲狗尾草单株生物量在各密度间无显著变化。在混种处理条件下,非洲狗尾草生物量根茎比显著小于在单种处理其根茎比,而紫茎泽兰其根茎比显著大于在单种处理其根茎比。【结论】非洲狗尾草与紫茎泽兰之间呈现很强的竞争作用,非洲狗尾草地上部分相对竞争力比紫茎泽兰强。在较高密度的生长模式下,两物种混种群落经过长期的竞争演替
3、,紫茎泽兰可能会被非洲狗尾草成功取代。关键词:紫茎泽兰;非洲狗尾草;植物竞争;生态修复;杂草控制CompetitiveEffectsBetweenAgeratinaadenophora(Asteraceae)andSetariasphacelata(Gramineae)JIANGZhi-lin1,2,LIUWan-xue1,WANFang-hao1,LIZheng-yue2(1TheStateKeyLaboratoryforBiologyofPlantDiseasesandInsectPests/InstituteofPlantProtection,Chin
4、eseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100094;2PlantProtectDepartment,YunnanAgricultureUniversity,Kunming650201)Abstract:【Objective】Theexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatetheinter-specificcompetitiveinteractionbetweenAgeratinaadenophora(Sprengel)andSetariasphacelata(Schum)atdiffere
5、ntdensities,andtoexplorethemethodsofcontrollingtheinvasiveweedA.adenophoradisplacedbyS.sphacelata.【Method】Theabovetwoperennialspeciesweregrownfor2yearsinmonocultureandmixtureonanexperimentaldensitiesgradient.Theabove-andblow-groundbiomassofthetwospeciesweremeasuredandthegrowthrespo
6、nseandrelativecompetitiveabilitywereevaluated.【Result】Thetotalbiomass,relativeyieldandcompetitivebalanceindexofS.sphacelataweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofA.adenophora,therelativeyieldtotalwassignificantlylowerthan1.Therelationshipsmentionedabovebecomemoreobviouswithdecreasingofe
7、xperimentalplantcommunitydensities.ThetotalbiomassofA.adenophoraatthedensitiesof20,45and175plants/m2inmixturedecreasedby33.0%,38.5%and70.1%comparedtothoseinmonoculture,respectively.However,thetotalbiomassofS.sphacelataatthesamedensitybetweenmonocultureandmixtureshowednosignificantd
8、ifference.Theratiosofrootm