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1、PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.YoumayhaveheardthatCoca-Colaoncecontainedaningredientcapableofsparkingparticulardevotioninconsumers:cocaine.The“coca”inthenamereferredtotheextractsofcocaleafthatthedrinksoriginator,chemistJohnPemberton
2、,mixedwithhissugarysyrup(姜汁).Atthetime,cocaleafextractmixedwithwinewasacommontonic(滋补品),andPemberton’ssweetbrewwasawaytogetaroundlocallawsprohibitingthesaleofalcohol.Buttheotherhalfofthenamerepresentsanotheringredient，lessinfamous(名声不好的),perhaps,butalsostr
3、angelypotent:thekolanut.InWestAfrica,peoplehavelongchewedkolanutsasstimulants,becausetheycontaincaffeinethatalsooccursnaturallyintea,coffee,andchocolate.Theyalsohaveheartstimulants.HistorianPaulLovejoyrelatesthatthecultivationofkolanutsinWestAfricaishundre
4、dsofyearsold.Theleafy,spreadingtreeswereplantedongravesandaspartoftraditionalrituals.Eventhoughthenuts,whichneedtostaymoist,canbesomewhatdelicatetotransport,traderscarriedthemhundredsofmilesthroughouttheforestsandgrasslands.Europeansdidnotknowofthemuntilth
5、e1500s,whenPortugueseshipsarrivedonthecoastofwhatisnowSierraLeone.AndwhilethePortuguesetookpartinthetrade,ferryingnutsdownthecoastalongwithothergoods,by1620,whenEnglishexplorerRichardJobsonmadehiswayuptheGambia,thenutswerestillpeculiartohiseyes.Bythelate19
6、thcentury,kolanutswerebeingshippedbythetonnetoEuropeandtheUS.Manymadetheirwayintomedicines,intendedasakindofenergyboost.OnesuchpopularmedicinaldrinkwasVinMariani,aFrenchproductconsistingofcocaextractmixedwithredwine.ItwascreatedbyaFrenchchemist,AngeloMaria
7、ni,in1863.SowhenPembertoncreatedhisdrink,itrepresentedanongoingtrend.Whencocaineeventuallyfellfromgraceasabeverageingredient,kola-extractcolasbecamepopular.Thefirstyearitwasavailable,Coca-ColaaveragednineservingsadayacrossalltheAtlantasodafountainswhereitw
8、assold.Asitgrewmorepopular,thecompanysoldrightstobottlethesoda,soitcouldtraveleasily.Todayabout1.9billionCokesarepurchaseddaily.It’sbecomesoiconicthatattemptstochangeitstastein1985—sweeteningitinamoveprojecte
