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1、中考英语语法大全—虚拟语气虚拟语气1)概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。2)在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。16.1真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型:条件从句 主句一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___. A.wil
2、lrain B.rains C.rained D.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。16.2非真实条件句1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型:条
3、件从句 主句 一般过去时 should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型:条件从句 主句 过去完成时 should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded. Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful. IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefrom
4、going.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义:Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress. c.表示对将来的假想句型: 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+动词原形
5、 were+不定式 would+动词原形 should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright. Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright. Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.16.3混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主
6、句与现在事实相反。)Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).16.4虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus. =Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus. Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim =Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim. Shou
7、lditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be’的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。典型例题_____todothewor