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时间:2018-05-04
《高三英语非谓语动词 (3)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、高三英语非谓语动词不定式(infinitive)、分词(participle)、动名词(gerund)是非谓语动词,在句中不能作谓语。一、非谓语动词作主语可作主语的非谓语动词是不定式和动名词。例1Toactlikethatisfoolish.例2Walkingisgoodexercise.例3---Whywereyousolateforworktoday?---Drivingtotheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseofthetraffic.一般说来,动名词与不定式作主语时,可以互换,注意:1)表示具体的,尤其是未发生的动作,倾向用不定式(例1)
2、,表示无时限的泛指动作(例2),或描述当时的情况(例3)倾向用动名词。2)下列句型用动名词作主语:Itisnogood(use)arguingwithyou.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.(不可能知道将会发生什么。)二、非谓语动词作表语可作表语的非谓语动词是不定式、动名词和分词。Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.(不定式解释主语内容)Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.(动名词解释主语内容)Hisspeechisinspiring.(分词说明主语性质)Thepersonwasmov
3、edbythestory.动名词和不定式作表语时,一般也无严格区别,但在表语是不定式的句子中,若主语也用非谓语形式,这时要用不定式;同样表语是动名词时,则主语要用动名词。Toseeistobelieve.Readingislearning,butapplying(运用)isalsolearningandmoreimportantkindoflearning.三、非谓语动词作宾语可作宾语的非谓语动词是不定式和动名词。1不定式作宾语英语中有相当数量的动词,只能带不定式结构作宾语,如:agree,decide,hope,manage,offer,demand等。短语wouldlike(lo
4、ve),beabout(todo)等;介词but,except也必须以不定式作宾语。如:Hedemandedtoknowthetruth.Wehavenochoicebuttofighton.Iprefertobestarvedtodeathratherthanbeg.注意:1)疑问代词如what,which,疑问副词如when,where引导的不定式可作know,decide等动作的宾语,但why除外。这种结构也可以作主语和表语。如:Wehaven’tdecidedwhatstepstotakenext.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughor(to)cry.Idon
5、’tknowwhytoholdsuchameeting.(×)2)不定式中动词原形的省略。有时为了避免重复,不定式可以省去与前边重复的动词原形,而只留下to.Ifyoudon’twanttodoit,youdon’tneedto.(to后省略了doit)---Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithme?---I’dloveto,butIcan’tspareanytimeatpresent.(to后省略了goforapicnicwithyou.3)不定式的时态与语态todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的进
6、行体、完成体常用在下列句型中:happento(bedoing/havedone)bethoughttobesaidtopretendtoconsideredtobesupposedtoseemtobebelievedtobereportedtoHepretendedtobesleepingwhenIenteredtheroom。TheorganizationisreportedtohavebeensetupearsagowhenDrAudonbecameitsfirstpresident。2动名词作宾语1)下列动词必须带动名词结构作宾语:understand,appreciate,
7、keep(on),practice,finish,imagine,miss,avoid,escape,suggest,resist,enjoy,delay,excuse,mindIcan’timaginemarryingagirlofthatsort.Inarrowlymissedbeingkilledinthecaraccident.有的词既可带动名词,亦可带不定式,且用法不尽相同。如:allowdoingallowsb.todo;advisedoing
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