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1、TOEFL95-05阅读真题Mail@liuwenyong.com1995.08Question1-9InvestigationoftheDeep-OceanKeywords:ocean,researchers,techniques,samples,rocksTheoceanbottom–aregionnearly2.5timesgreaterthanthetotallandareaoftheEarth–isavastfrontierthateventodayislargelyunexploredanduncharted.Untilaboutacenturyago,thedeep–o
2、ceanfloorwascompletelyinaccessible,hiddenbeneathwatersaveragingover3,6000metersdeep.TotallywithoutlightandsubjectedtointensepressureshundredsoftimesgreaterthanattheEarth'ssurface,thedeep–oceanbottomisahostileenvironmenttohumans,insomewaysasforbiddingandremoteasthevoidofouterspace.Althoughresear
3、chershavetakensamplesofdeep–oceanrocksandsedimentsforoveracentury,thefirstdetailedglobalinvestigationoftheoceanbottomdidnotactuallystartuntil1968,withthebeginningoftheNationalScienceFoundation'sDeepSeaDrillingProject(DSDP).Usingtechniquesfirstdevelopedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,theDSDP'sdr
4、illship,theGlomarChallenger,wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean'ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.TheGlomarChallengercompleted96voyagesina15–yearresearchprogramthatendedinNovember1983.Duringthistime,thevessellogged600,000kilometersandto
5、okalmost20,000coresamplesofseabedsedimentsandrocksat624drillingsitesaroundtheworld.TheGlomarChallenger'scoresampleshaveallowedgeologiststoreconstructwhattheplanetlookedlikehundredsofmillionsofyearsagoandtocalculatewhatitwillprobablylooklikemillionsofyearsinthefuture.Today,largelyonthestrengthof
6、evidencegatheredduringtheGlomarChallenger'svoyages,nearlyallearthscientistsagreeonthetheoriesofplatetectonicsandcontinentaldriftthatexplainmanyofthegeologicalprocessesthatshapetheEarth.ThecoresofsedimentdrilledbytheGlomarChallengerhavealsoyieldedinformationcriticaltounderstandingtheworld'spastc
7、limates.Deep–oceansedimentsprovideaclimaticrecordstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears,becausetheyarelargelyisolatedfromthemechanicalerosionandtheintensechemicalandbiologicalactivitythatrapidlydestroymuchland–basedevidenceofpast
