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1、AggressivenessinAdvancedIndustrialSociety,英语其它论文Iproposetoconsiderherethestrainsandstressesintheso-called"affluentsociety,"aphrasewhichhas(rightlyorwrongly)beencoinedtodescribecontemporaryAmericansociety.Itsmaincharacteristicsare:(1)anabundantindustrialandtechnicalcapa
2、citywhichistoagreatextentspentintheproductionanddistributionofluxurygoods,gadgets,waste,plannedobsolescence,militaryorsemimilitaryequipment-inshort,inwhateconomistsandsociologistsusedtocall"unproductive"goodsandservices;(2)arisingstandardofliving,whichalsoextendstoprev
3、iouslyunderprivilegedpartsofthepopulation;(3)ahighdegreeofconcentrationofeconomicandpoliticalpower,combinedwithahighdegreeoforganizationandgovernmentinterventionintheeconomy;(4)scientificandpseudoscientificinvestigation,control,andmanipulationofprivateandgroupbehavior,
4、bothatworkandatleisure(includingthebehaviorofthepsyche,thesoul,theunconscious,andthesubconscious)forcommercialandpoliticalpurposes.Allthesetendenciesareinterrelated:theymakeupthesyndromewhichexpressesthenormalfunctioningofthe"affluentsociety."Todemonstratethisinterrela
5、tionisnotmytaskhere;ItakeitsexistenceasthesociologicalbasisforthethesiswhichIwanttosubmit,namely,thatthestrainsandstressessufferedbytheindividualintheaffluentsocietyaregroundedinthenormalfunctioningofthissociety(andoftheindividual!)ratherthaninitsdisturbancesanddisease
6、s."Normalfunctioning":Ithinkthedefinitionpresentsnodifficultiesforthedoctor.Theorganismfunctionsnormallyifitfunctions,withoutdisturbance,inaccordwiththebiologicalandphysiologicalmakeupofthehumanbody.Thehumanfacultiesandcapabilitiesarecertainlyverydifferentamongthemembe
7、rsofthespecies,andthespeciesitselfhaschangedgreatlyinthecourseofitshistory,butthesechangeshaveoccurredonabiologicalandphysiologicalbasiswhichhasremainedlargelyconstant.Tobesure,thephysician,inmakinghisdiagnosisandinproposingtreatment,willtakeintoaccountthepatient'senvi
8、ronment,upbringing,andoccupation;thesefactorsmaylimittheextenttowhichnormalfunctioningcanbedefinedandachieved,ortheym
