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1、DRAFT:Pregnancyrisks,p.39RiskySexandRisksofTeen-AgePregnancyArtMaerlender,Ph.D.&KathyKovner-Kline,M.D.,M.Div.Humanreproductioncanbeseenasasignificantstageinthecycleofhumansexuality.Frombirthtoadulthood,stagesofdevelopmentreflectingdifferentlevelsofmeaningandexpressionhavebeenidentifie
2、d.Besidesthephysicalaspectsofsexuality,therearecomplexcognitiveandsocial-emotionaldevelopmentalprocessesincludingcapacityforintimacy,affiliation,communication,mutualrespectandresponsibility.Avarietyofrisksmayaffectsexualitydevelopmentatanystageandfacetofit,includingthetimingandsituati
3、onofpregnancy(Haka-Ikse,K.,1997Haka-Ikse,K.(1997).“Femaleadolescentsexuality.Therisksandmanagement.”AnnNYAcadSci816:466-70.).AdolescentpregnancyisseenasaninappropriateexpressionofsexualityinmodernAmericanculture.IthasbeenidentifiedasoneoftheDept.ofJustice’s(DOJ)seriouspsychosocialmala
4、djustmentproblems.AdolescenceisusuallytooyounganagetobecomeaparentinthecontemporaryUnitedStates.Thisislargelybecauseraisingachildtakespatienceandresourcesthatareacquiredinadvancedsocietiesgraduallywithage,education,andexperience.Moreover,amongadolescents,itisthosewhoareleastwellprepar
5、edtonurtureandraiseachildwhoaremostlikelytobecomeparents.Thatis,adolescentswhohavesubstanceabuseandbehaviorproblems,whoarenotdoingwellinschool,whohavelowaspirationsfortheirowneducationalattainment,andwholiveineconomicallydisadvantagedfamiliesandcommunitiestendtostartsexualintercoursea
6、tyoungerages.Forthose,contraceptionislesseffective,andtheyhaveunintendedDRAFT:Pregnancyrisks,p.39pregnancies(Moore,?BEGINNINGTOOSOON:ADOLESCENTSEXUALBEHAVIOR,PREGNANCYANDPARENTHOODAREVIEWOFRESEARCHANDINTERVENTIONSbyKristinA.Moore,BrentC.Miller,BarbaraW.Sugland,DonnaRuaneMorrison,DanaA
7、.Glei,ConnieBlumenthal,).Sexuallyactiveteenagersarealsoatincreasedriskforcontractingsexuallytransmitteddiseases(STD)suchasHIV.Thisreviewconsidersdataandresearchregardingtherisksofadolescent(teen-aged)pregnancyintheUnitedStates.Teenagepregnancyincludesnotonlythosewhohavelivebirths,butt
8、hosew
