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时间:2018-04-28
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1、32FJgong-a第十一篇TheTiniestElectricMotorintheWorld1Scientistsrecentlymadepublicthetiniestelectricmotoreverbuilt.Youcouldstuffhundredsofthemintotheperiodattheendofthissentence.Onedayasimilarenginemightpoweratinymechanicaldoctorthatwouldtravelthroughyourbodytoremoveyour
2、disease.2Themotorworksbyshufflingatomsbetweentwomoltenmetaldropletsinacarbonnanotube.Onedropletisevensmallerthantheother.Whenasmallelectriccurrentisappliedtothedroplets,atomsslowlygetoutofthelargerdropletandjointhesmallerone.Thesmalldropletgrows—butnevergetsasbigas
3、theotherdropletandeventuallybumpsintothelargedroplet.Astheytouch,thelargedropletrapidlysopsuptheatomsithadpreviouslylost.Thisquickshiftinenergyproducesapowerstroke3Thetechniqueexploitsthefactthatsurfacetension—thetendencyofatomsormoleculestoresistseparating—becomes
4、moreimportantatsmallscales.Surfacetensionisthesamethingthatallowssomeinsectstowalkonwater.4Althoughtheamountofenergyproducedissmall—20microwatts—itisquiteimpressiveinrelationtothetinyscaleofthemotor.Thewholesetupislessthan200nanometersonaside,orhundredsoftimessmall
5、erthanthewidthofahumanhair.Ifitcouldbescaleduptothesizeofanautomobileengine,itwouldbe100milliontimesmorepowerfulthanaToyotaCamry's225horsepowerV6engine.5In1988,ProfessorRichardMullerandcolleaguesmadethefirstoperatingmicromotor,whichwas100micronsacross,oraboutthethi
6、cknessofahumanhair.In2003,Zettl'sgroupcreatedthefirstnanoscalemotor.In2006,theybuiltananoconveyor,whichmovestinyparticlesalonglikecarsinafactory.6Nanotechnologyengineerstrytomimicnature,buildingthingsatom-by-atom.Amongotherthings,nanomotorscouldbeusedinopticalcircu
7、itstoredirectlight,aprocesscalledopticalswitching.Futuristsenvisionadaywhennanomachines,poweredbynanomotors,travelinsideyourbodytofinddiseaseandrepairdamagedcells.练习:1.Paragraph2ETheWorkingPrincipleoftheNanomotor2.Paragraph4BADescriptionoftheNanomotorinTermsofPower
8、andSize3.Paragraph5DPreviousInventionsofNanoscaleProducts4.Paragraph6FPossibleFieldsofApplicationintheFuture5.Doctorsenvisionthatthenanomotorwoul
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