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of course, policy solutions require accurate diagnoses - house 当然，政策的方案需要准确的诊断的房子

of course, policy solutions require accurate diagnoses - house 当然，政策的方案需要准确的诊断的房子

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时间：2018-04-27

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1、TestimonyofJaredBernsteinSeniorEconomist,EconomicPolicyInstitutejbernstein@epi.orgCommitteeonEducationandLaborSubcommitteeonWorkforceProtectionsOftheUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentativesTheGrowingIncomeGapintheAmericanMiddleClassJuly31,2008Inequality:Evidence,Causes,andSolutionsC

2、hairwomanWoolsey,RankingMemberWilson,Ithankyoufortheopportunitytotestify,andIcommendthecommitteefortargetingthecriticalchallengeofeconomicinequalityandtheAmericanmiddleclass.Indoingso,youaretargetingwhatmanyeconomistsandpolicymakersconsiderthemostimportanteconomicchallengewefa

3、ce.Ofcourse,inthecurrentAmericaneconomy,challengesabound.Wearefacedwiththeaftermathoftheburstingofamassivehousingbubble,andthespilloversfromthateventaresignificantlyconstrainingfinancialmarkets.Theeconomy,whilenotofficiallyinrecession,isclearlyweakinkeysectors,mostnotablyinthe

4、jobmarket,whereemploymentisdownbyabout440,000jobsonnet,andunemploymentupaboutapointcomparedtooneyearagoto5.5%.Theunderemploymentrate,amorecomprehensivemeasureofdiminishedjobopportunitieswas9.9%inJune.Thesejobmarketdeclines,intandemwithspikingpricesdrivenbyhigherfoodandenergyco

5、sts,areleadingtorealdeclinesincompensation.Simplyput,thepaychecksofmiddle-incomearefallingbehindthesefamilies’economicneeds,andtheirlivingstandardsaresliding.Thoughtheseproblemsareofrecentvintage,andcantosomeextentbecloselytiedtotheburstingofthehousingbubble,theyarealsomicroco

6、smofthetopicweareheretodiscusstoday:theinequalityofeconomicoutcomes.Figure1showsthisrelationshipbyplottingtheproductivityoftheAmericanworkforceagainsttherealincomeofthemedianfamily.Whileoutputperhourincreasesmartlyinthe2000s,up19%,realincomeforthetypicalfamilyfellbyabout1%.Inf

7、act,thissplitbetweenproductivityandmedianfamilyincomehasbeenongoingsincethemid-1970s,andisregardingasonesymptomofincreasinginequality.Wheneconomicgrowthisconcentratedatthetopoftheincomescale,manyfamiliesresponsibleforcreatingthatgrowthwillfailtoreapitsbenefits.Thisperiodstands

8、instarkcontrasttothefirstfewdecadesofthepost-WWIIera,when,ass

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