2016年职称英语卫生类a级教材概括大意打印版

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1、概括大意+第十一篇SurgeryInvolvingtheHeart1.Theheart-lungmachine(pump-oxygenator)isavaluableadditiontothemodernoperatingroom.Thismachinehasmadeitpossibletoperformmanyoperationsontheheartandotherthoracicorganswhichcouldnototherwisebedone.Thereareseveraltypesofmachinesinuse,a

2、llofwhichserveasatemporarysubstituteforthepatient’sheartandlungs.2.Themachinesiphonsoffthebloodfromthelargevesselsenteringtheheartontherightsidesothatnobloodpassesthroughtheheartandlungs.Thebloodisreturnedtothegeneralcirculationforbodydistributionthroughoneofthelar

3、gearteries.Whilepassingthroughthemachine,thebloodisoxygenatedbymeansofanoxygeninlet,andcarbondioxideisremovedbyvariouschemicalmeans.Thesearetheprocessesthatnormallytakeplacebetweenthebloodandtheairinthelungtissue.Whileinthemachine,thebloodisalso“deformed”tobesureth

4、atallairbubblesareremoved,sincesuchbubblescouldbefataltothepatientbyobstructingbloodvessels.Anelectricmotorinthemachineservesasapumpduringthesurgicalproceduretodistributetheprocessedbloodthroughoutthebodybymeansofthearterymentionedabove.3.Diseasedvalvesmaybecomedef

5、ormedandscarredfromendocarditicsothattheyareineffectiveandoftenobstructive.Insomecasesaspecialsmallknifecanbeinsertedintotheheartchamberandthevalvecanbecutsothatitnolongerobstructsthebloodflow.Thevalvemayevenbecomepartiallyfunctional.Inothercasestheremaybesomuchdam

6、agethatreplacementistheonlyresort.Substitutevalesmadeofplasticmaterialshaveprovedtobealifesavingmeasureformanypatients.VerythinbutterflyvalvesmadeofDacronorothersyntheticmaterialhavealsobeensuccessfullyused.4.Artificialheartsorpartsofheartsdesignedtoassisttheventri

7、clesintheirpumpingfunctionhavenotprovedassuccessfulastheartificialvalves.However,researchcontinuesanditisquitepossiblethataneffectivedevicemaysoonbereadyforuse.Morespectacularisthetransplantationofahumanheartfromthebodyofapersonwhohasrecentlydied.Tissuesofthedonora

8、ndtherecipientshouldbeascloselymatchedaspossibletoavoidrejectionbytherecipient’santibodymechanism.Thisrejectionsyndromeisthemostseriousproblemrel