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1、棉花学报CottonScience2015袁27渊3冤院248―253秸秆还田对滨海盐碱地棉苗光合特性及生长的影响*冯国艺袁张谦袁王树林袁祁虹袁杜海英袁李智峰袁梁青龙袁林永增渊河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室袁河北石家庄050051冤摘要院为探讨秸秆还田对滨海重度盐碱地棉苗光合特性及生长的影响袁设置增施有机肥尧播前秸秆还田尧冬前秸秆还田3个处理袁测定了棉花苗期3个层次土壤含盐量尧水分和容重袁棉花叶片光合参数尧叶片SPAD值以及干物质积累和棉花产量遥结果表明袁与对照相比袁增施有机肥和秸秆还田的处理各个土层含盐
2、量和容重明显降低袁棉苗叶片LAI和SPAD明显增大袁光合能力提高袁干物质积累量尧根冠比以及棉花产量明显增加遥其中袁冬前秸秆还田各土层含盐量低于2.00g窑kg－1袁容重保持在1.15～1.40g窑cm－3袁叶片SPAD值高于40.0袁LAI提高65.5%袁光合性能系数增高23.4%～92.8%袁非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)降低12.2%袁干物质积累总量增大46.3%袁根冠比提高56.5%袁产量提高36.2%遥因此袁在本试验条件下袁冬前秸秆还田更有利于滨海盐碱地改良及棉苗的正常生长遥关键词院棉花曰滨海盐碱地曰秸秆还田曰光合特性中图分类号院S562.01文献
3、标志码院A文章编号院1002-7807渊2015冤03-0248-0610.11963/issn.1002-7807.201503008*FengGuoyi,ZhangQian,WangShulin,QiHong袁DuHaiying,LiZhifeng,LiangQinglong,LinYongzeng(050051,)Threedifferenttreatmentsweredesignedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofreturningstrawatdifferenttimesonthephysic-chemicalpropert
4、iesofsoilandthephotosyntheticcharacteristicsofcottonseedlingsinasalinecoastalarea.Thetestswereperformedinsaline-alkalinefields:(1)withincreasedorganicfertilizer;(2)withstrawreturnedbeforeplanting;and(3)strawreturnedbeforewinter.Therewasalsoacontrolplot(CK).Theleafareaindex(LAI),
5、photosyntheticcharacteristicsandrelativechlorophyllcontent(SPAD)ofcottonseedlingleaf,drymatteraccumulationandyieldofcottonweremeasured.Thesaltcontent,moistureandsoilbulkdensityofsoilatadepthof0-40cmwerealsodeterminedhierarchicallyattheseedlingstage.Resultsshowedthat,comparedwith
6、CK,thesaltcontentandbulkdensityofsoilhadclearlydecreased.Somecharacteristicsin-creasedsignificantly,suchasroot:shootratio,LAIandSPADofthecottonleaf.Thegasexchangeandchlorophyllfluorescenceparametersofthecottonleafimprovedunderalltreatments.Drymatteraccumulation,especiallyrootwei
7、ght,increasedsignifi-cantlyundertheorganicfertilizertreatmentandwhenstrawwasreturned.Theeffectofreturningstrawbeforewinterwasmoreobviousthaneffectsfromthetwoothertreatments.Thesaltcontentwaslowerthan2.00g窑kg－1andthebulkdensitywasbe-tween1.15g窑cm－3and1.40g窑cm－3whenstrawwasreturne
8、dbeforewinter.ComparedwithCK,theleafSPADvaluewa
