灌溉制度对机采棉生长、产量及品质的影响

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1、棉花学报CottonScience2014袁26渊1冤院41~48灌溉制度对机采棉生长尧产量及品质的影响*王峰袁孙景生袁刘祖贵袁宁慧峰袁强小嫚袁申孝军(中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所袁河南新乡453003冤摘要院1膜2管6行是新疆机采棉的主要种植模式遥为确定该模式适宜的灌溉制度袁采用田间试验研究了灌溉频率渊F5尧F8冤与灌水定额渊I80尧I60和I40冤对棉花生长尧产量尧品质及水分利用效率的影响遥结果表明袁高频高定额渊F5I80冤与高频中定额渊F5I60冤灌溉可有效降低棉花株高袁增加叶面积指数袁提高蕾铃生物量在地上部中的比例遥灌溉频率相同时袁灌水量过高与过低均不利于棉花增产曰灌

2、水定额相同时袁高频渊F5冤较低频渊F8冤灌溉增产0.59%~1.56%遥灌溉制度对棉花纤维品质无显著影响遥灌水定额显著影响棉花耗水量及水分利用效率袁而灌溉频率对二者影响不显著遥研究认为高频渊F5冤和中灌溉定额渊I60冤是南疆地区机采棉种植模式适宜的灌溉制度袁即在全生育期内灌水12次袁灌溉定额300mm左右遥关键词院棉花曰膜下滴灌曰种植模式曰机采棉曰灌溉制度中图分类号院S562.04文献标志码院A文章编号院1002-7807渊2014冤01-0041-08*WangFeng,SunJingsheng,LiuZugui,NingHuifeng,QiangXiaoman,ShenX

3、iaojun(453003)InXinjiang,themechanicalharvestcottoncroppingmodelmainlyapplies6cottonrowswith2drippingpipesunderaplasticfilmmulchingplantationpattern(plantationspacing10cm+66cm+10cm+66cm+10cm).Toexploreoptimalirri-gationschedulingofthiscroppingmodel,afieldexperimentwasdesignedusingdifferenti

4、rrigationfrequencies(F5andF8)andwateramounts(I80,I60andI40).Cottonplantgrowth,yield,fiberqualityandwateruseefficiency(WUE)wereobserved.Theresultsshowedthatapplyinghigh-frequencyandfullormediumirrigationwateramountseffectivelycontrolledcropplantheight,increasedleafareaindexandimprovedbollrat

5、ioinshootbiomass.Withthesamefrequency,applicationofhighorlowwateramountswasnotbeneficialtobollweightandyieldimprovement.Whenusingthesamewateramount,however,highirri-gationfrequencyincreasedseedcottonyieldby0.59to1.56percent.Irrigationschedulinginthisexperimenthadnosignificanteffectsoncotton

6、fiberquality.Cropevapotranspiration(c)andWUEweresignificantlyaffectedbyappliedwateramount,buttheyhadnoobviousconnectionwithirrigationfrequency.Applyinghighirrigationfrequency(F5)andmediumwateramount(I60)wasregardedasoptimalirrigationschedulingunderthiscottonmechanicalharvestcroppingmodelins

7、outhernXinjiangre-gions.Thisschedulingwas12irrigationsandabout300mmwaterappliedovertheentiregrowthstage.cotton;dripirrigationunderplasticmulch;plantationpattern;mechanicalharvestcotton;irrigationscheduling棉花是新疆的主要经济作物袁其种植面积和定额是膜下滴灌灌溉制度的两个基本参数袁其不[1]产量连续20