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ID:9056441
大小:2.76 MB
页数:5页
时间:2018-04-16
《托福阅读背景知识之冰川地质学》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读背景知识之冰川地质学摘要:地质类的文章在TPO听力中出现的概率相比生物、文学、艺术历史、人类学等学科要少的多,但是每隔几场考试,还是会发现这类学科文章的身影,一旦此类文章出现的话,非常致命,有些难缠的题目比如排序题、多选判断题都是极容易出现在这样的话题中的。地质学的相关话题可能很多考生没有注意到,主要是因为这类题目并不多,在托福阅读中不长出现,但是这类题目的难度却非常高,如果不提前了解下背景是很容易出错的。回到咱们关于冰川这类话题,还是先来分析分析此类话题在真题中的比
2、重与频率吧,托福TPO真题中直接涉及到冰川的话题文章一共有7篇,它们分别是:阅读TPO-19-3:DiscoveringtheIceAges发现冰期TPO-15-3:GlacierFormation冰川的形成OGTest2:GreenIcebergs绿色冰山TPO-9-1:ColonizingtheAmericasviatheNorthwestCoast通过西北海岸在美洲定居OGTest1:GeologyandLandscape地质学和地貌听力TPO7Lecture4TPO15Lecture2以下内
3、容是我们在听力和阅读中只要关于将冰川的话题,就随处可见的,只要读明白了,记住了下面的这段内容,后期关于冰川的形成无论怎么讲,怎么出题都难不倒咱们了。GornerGlacierinSwitzerlandGlaciersformwheretheaccumulationofsnowandiceexceedsablation.Theareainwhichaglacierformsiscalledacirque(corrieorcwm)-atypicallyarmchair-shapedgeologicalf
4、eature(suchasadepressionbetweenmountainsenclosedbyarêtes)-whichcollectsandcompressesthroughgravitythesnowwhichfallsintoit.Thissnowcollectsandiscompactedbytheweightofthesnowfallingaboveitformingnévé.Furthercrushingoftheindividualsnowflakesandsqueezingth
5、eairfromthesnowturnsitinto'glacialice'.Thisglacialicewillfillthecirqueuntilit'overflows'throughageologicalweaknessorvacancy,suchasthegapbetweentwomountains.Whenthemassofsnowandiceissufficientlythick,itbeginstomoveduetoacombinationofsurfaceslope,gravity
6、andpressure.Onsteeperslopes,thiscanoccurwithaslittleas15m(50ft)ofsnow-ice.Intemperateglaciers,snowrepeatedlyfreezesandthaws,changingintogranularicecalledfirn.Underthepressureofthelayersoficeandsnowaboveit,thisgranularicefusesintodenseranddenserfirn.Ove
7、raperiodofyears,layersoffirnundergofurthercompactionandbecomeglacialice.Glaciericeisslightlylessdensethaniceformedfromfrozenwaterbecauseitcontainstinytrappedairbubbles.Glacialicehasadistinctivebluetintbecauseitabsorbssomeredlightduetoanovertoneoftheinf
8、raredOHstretchingmodeofthewatermolecule.Liquidwaterisblueforthesamereason.TheblueofglaciericeissometimesmisattributedtoRayleighscatteringduetobubblesintheice.更多的关于冰川知识的补充:冰川(glacier)是一巨大的流动固体,是在高寒地区由雪再结晶聚积成巨大的冰川冰,因重力这主要因素使冰川冰流动,成为冰川。冰川作
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