水稻穗分化期高温胁迫对颖花退化及籽粒充实的影响

《水稻穗分化期高温胁迫对颖花退化及籽粒充实的影响》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2016,42(9):14021410http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cn.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01402水稻穗分化期高温胁迫对颖花退化及籽粒充实的影响*****王亚梁张玉屏朱德峰向镜武辉陈惠哲张义凯中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310006摘要:为明确水稻穗分化期高温胁迫对颖花退化和籽粒充实的影响,选用耐热性品种黄华占和热敏感性品种丰两优6号进行人工气候

2、箱盆栽试验,于倒一叶心叶抽出时(花粉母细胞形成至减数分裂期)进行高温处理(10:00—15:00,40℃)1d、3d、5d、7d、9d,并以同时段适温处理(10:00—15:00,32℃)为参考,自然条件下生长的植株为对照,分析不同持续天数高温对颖花退化、花器官发育和籽粒充实的影响。结果表明:(1)随着处理天数的增加,高温加剧颖花退化,与适温处理及CK相比,高温处理9d黄华占颖花退化率增加45.8%和62.9%,丰两优6号颖花退化率增加81.7%和136.1%,丰两优6号增加幅度大于黄华占。(2)高温处理1~3d降低花粉活力,5~9d抑制花药充实。花药发育不良,花粉形成受阻是导致结实率

3、显著下降的原因,两品种趋势一致。(3)高温处理缩短颖花长度,降低籽粒充实性,使千粒重显著下降,热敏感性品种丰两优6号下降幅度大于耐热性品种黄华占,籽粒充实在5d以上高温处理下降显著。研究说明倒一叶生长时期高温胁迫影响穗生长发育,生产中需加强相应栽培措施的调控。关键词:水稻;高温胁迫;颖花退化;花药发育;籽粒充实EffectofHeatStressonSpikeletDegenerationandGrainFillingatPanicleIni-tiationPeriodofRice*****WANGYa-Liang,ZHANGYu-Ping,ZHUDe-Feng,XIANGJing,W

4、UHui,CHENHui-Zhe,andZHANGYi-KaiChinaNationalRiceResearchInstitute/StateKeyLaboratoryofRiceBiology,Hangzhou310006,ChinaAbstract:Potexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofheatstressonricespikeletsdegenerationandgrainfillingatpanicleinitiationstage.Atolerant(Huanghuazhan)andasusceptible(Fen

5、gliangyou6)cultivarsweretreatedinphytotronwithhightemperature(10:00–15:00,40℃)andnormaltemperature(10:00–15:00,32℃)forone,three,five,seven,andninedaysatlastleafemergencestage,withthesegrownundernaturalconditionascontrol.Theresultsindicatedthattheratioofspikeletde-generationincreasedgreatlywithin

6、creasingheat-treatingtime.TheratioofspikeletdegenerationofHuanghuazhanincreased45.8%and62.9%afterninedaysunderhightemperatureascomparedwithnormaltemperaturetreatment(control),andtheratioofFengliangyou6increased81.7%and136.1%inthesametreatment,showinghigherratioofspikeletdegenerationinFenglian-gy

7、ou6thanHuanghuazhan.Thepollenactivitysignificantlydecreasedafteronedayunderhightemperaturestress,andantherformationsignificantlyinhibitedafterfivedaysunderhightemperaturestress.Badantherformationandpoorpollenactivityun-derhe