数字电子技术综合实验报告——简易电子琴

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1、数字电子技术综合实验报告2012--2013学年第二学期姓名：学号:班级:实验时间:实验指导老师:40目录一、设计任务·········································································2二、设计方案·········································································2三、系统框图···················································

2、······················3四、方案实现·········································································31.乐曲演奏的原理······································································32.总体方案·················································································

3、4五、实验结果·········································································6六、方案优化·········································································7七、心得体会·········································································7附录···························

4、······························································71.VHDL源程序·····································································72.各层次原理图·································································353.编译报告···············································

5、···························4040题目:简易电子琴设计摘要电子琴的设计大规模可编程逻辑器件（FPGA）作为系统的核心控制部分通过软件的设计编写然后进行软硬件的调试运行最终达到设计电路的乐器演奏、选歌及显示功能。设计中采用计数原理控制演奏器发声，对音乐发生所必须确定的音符和节拍分别用程序语言实现。可以用它来弹奏和播放乐曲。特点是设计思路简单、清晰。关键字：电子琴CPLD一、设计任务1.基本要求(1)具有一般弹奏功能；(2)自动播放功能；(3)数码显示音符功能。2．发挥部分(1)能通过选择键在多首歌曲中选

6、择播放；(2)输出增加功率放大电路，增加歌曲容量；(3)增加音效或节拍可调；(4)无线弹奏。二、设计方案采用大规模可编程逻辑器件（FPGA），利用quartusII，通过verilog代码实现简易电子琴演奏电路。40三、系统框图四、方案实现1.乐曲演奏的原理：乐曲演奏的原理：组成乐曲的每个音符的频率值(音调)以及持续时间（音长）是乐曲能持续演奏所需的两个基本数据，因此只要控制输出到扬声器的激励信号的频率的高低和持续的时间，就可以使扬声器发出持续的乐曲声。l音调的控制频率的高低决定了音调的高低。音乐的十二平均率规定：每两个八度音（如简谱

7、中的中音1与高音1）之间的频率相差一倍。在两个八度音之间，又可分为十二个半音，每半个音的频率比为。另外，音名A(简谱中的低音6)的频率为440HZ，音名B到C之间，E到F之间为半音，其余为全音。由此可以计算出简谱中从低音1至高音1之间的每个音名对应的频率如图所示:音名频率(HZ)音名频率(HZ)音名频率(HZ)低音1261.6中音1523.3高音11046.5低音2293.7中音2587.3高音21174.7低音3329.6中音3659.3高音31318.5低音4349.2中音4698.5高音41396.9低音5392中音5784高音

8、51568低音6440中音6880高音61760低音7493.9中音7987.8高音71975.540所有不同频率均从同一基准频率分频得到。将分频数四舍五入进行取整，并尽量减小误差。在本设计中选取6MHZ作为基准频率。从