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1、农业资源与环境学报JournalofAgriculturalResourcesandEnvironment2015年12月·第32卷·第6期:565-570December2015·Vol.32·No.6:565-570施肥对宁夏盐化土壤油用向日葵产量与品质的影响121,3*钱寅,何进宇,何文寿(1.宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021;2.宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021;3.西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021)摘要:采用田间试验和测试分析相结合的方法,在宁夏银北盐化耕地设置油用向日葵氮磷钾肥效试验,探
2、讨不同氮磷钾肥配比对油用向日葵干物质积累、养分吸收、产量与品质等的影响,为盐化土壤调控施肥和提高油用向日葵籽实产量与品质提供科学依据。结果表明,在盐化土壤条件下,氮磷钾肥处理的油用向日葵更具株型优势,其千粒重、单株结葵数、单株产量和籽粒产量明显增加,在氮磷钾肥基础上增加有机肥的处理还可明显提高氮磷钾的吸收量。同时,施用氮磷钾肥可使油用向日葵籽实脂肪含量增加,蛋白质含量下降,还可增加油酸和硬脂酸含量,降低亚油酸和棕榈酸含量。油用向日葵每形成100kg籽实所需吸收氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)分别为6.1~9.6、3.2~3.8、12.3~13.7
3、kg,其比例约为1∶0.40~0.55∶1.43~2.09,平均为1∶0.49∶1.79。关键词:盐化土壤;油用向日葵;氮磷钾肥;产量;品质中图分类号:S147.21文献标志码:A文章编号:2095-6819(2015)06-0565-6doi:10.13254/j.jare.2015.0087EffectofFertilizationonYieldandQualityofOilSunflowerinSaltedSoilofNingxia,ChinaQIANYin1,HEJin-yu2,HEWen-shou1,3*(1.AgriculturalScho
4、olofNingxiaUniversity,Yinchuan750021,China;2.SchoolofCivilandHydraulicEngineering,NingxiaUniversity,Yinchuan750021,China;3.BreedingBaseforStateKeyLaboratoryofNorthwestChinaLandDegradationandEcologicalRestoration,Yinchuan750021,China)Abstract:Combiningfieldtrialwithtestanalysis,a
5、nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2O5)andpotassium(K2O)fertilizerexperimentofoilsun-flowerswassettoexploretheinfluenceofdifferentratioofN,P,Kfertilizerondrymatteraccumulationofoilsunflowers,nutrientabsorptionandaccumulation,theyieldandquality,etcinsaltedsoilofthenorthernNingxia,inordertop
6、rovidescientificevidenceforregulatingandcontrollingoffertilizationinthesaltedsoilandenhancingtheyieldsandqualityofoilsunflowers.Theresultsshowedthat:inthesaltedsoil,theplantwhichhadbeendisposedbyN,P,Kfertilizerhadmoreadvantages,the1000-grainweight,fruitquantityofeachoilsunflower
7、andyieldperplantandhectareallincreasedsignificantly.TreatmentofaddingtheorganicfertilizeronthebasisofN,P,Kfertilizercouldalsoin-creasetheamountofN,P,Kabsorptionsignificantly.Atthesametime,theapplicationofN,P,Kfertilizerwouldincreasethefatcontentandreducetheprotein,increasetheole
8、icacidandstearicacid,reducethecontentoflinoleic