海南硅高效水稻的筛选及硅吸收特征

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1、中国农学通报2014,30(3):61-65ChineseAgriculturalScienceBulletin海南硅高效水稻的筛选及硅吸收特征王伟，张合心，黄承和，常春荣（海南大学农学院，海口570228）摘要：为了深入研究水稻硅营养机理，通过盆栽和小区试验在施硅（低硅）和不施用硅（缺硅）条件下，比较了25个海南主要栽培水稻品种产量的变化，筛选出了硅高效水稻，并探讨了施用硅对水稻产量构成、硅吸收特点的影响。结果表明：产量或稻草干重可以作为筛选的指标，得到10个硅高效水稻品种（系），其中不耐低硅的4个，耐低硅的6个；施用硅肥对不同品种的成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重的影响不尽相同；施用硅肥

2、对水稻的株高影响在多数品种间并不显著，提高了3个品种株高；谷壳中的硅含量在不同的品种间差异显著；在不施用硅的条件下稻草硅的含量没有显著差异，不过施用硅后硅高效品种更能显著提高稻草硅含量；施用硅后硅高效品种稻米硅的含量比硅不敏感品种的增加的更快，其中耐低硅的硅高效水稻施用硅后提高更显著。硅高效水稻地上部分各器官硅含量能敏感地响应硅的变化，不过产量构成对硅的响应特征不尽相同。关键词：水稻；硅高效；筛选；经济系数；吸收特征中图分类号：S1文献标志码：A论文编号：2013-1015ScreeningandSiliconUptakeCharacteristicofSiliconHigh-ef

3、ficiencyRiceinHainanWangWei,ZhangHexin,HuangChenghe,ChangChunrong(SchoolofAgronomy,HainanUniversity,Haikou570228)Abstract:Toexplorecomprehensivelyricesiliconnutritionmechanism,screeningsiliconhighefficiencyricevarietiesbycomparisonyieldof25mainricevarietiesinHainanbetweenlowanddeficiencysilico

4、nconditionwithpotandfieldexperiment,andinvestigatedtheeffectofsilicononriceyieldfactorsandsiliconuptakecharacteristic.Theresultsindicatedthat,therewere10siliconhighefficiencyvariety,including4enduringand6noenduringsilicondeficiencyvarietythroughdiversificationofyieldorstraw;theeffectofsupplyin

5、gsiliconwasnotidenticalfornumberofspike/plant,grain/spikeandmass/1000grain;wasnotdistinctforplantheightamongmajorityvarietybutenhance3varieties;andincreasedforsiliconconcentrationinstrawandchaff,althoughsiliconconcentrationinstrawhadnodistinctamongallricevarietyatsilicondeficiencycondition,and

6、thatinformerwasinconsistencytosiliconconcentrationinchaff;supplyingsiliconmoreprominentlyincreasedsiliconconcentrationingrainofhighefficiencyricethanthatofnosensitivityvariety,speciallyforenduringricevariety.Insum,siliconconcentrationinshootorganellofsiliconhigh-efficiencyriceweremoresensitive

7、responsetosiliconsupplyinglevelthanthatofnosensitivityvariety,buttherewerenotidenticalchangetoyieldfactorsatthesamecondition.Keywords:rice;siliconhigh-efficiency;screening;economicindex;siliconuptakecharacteristic基金项目：海南省自然基金项目“水稻硅与氮、磷、