不同年代中籼水稻品种的叶片光合性状

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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2016,42(3):415426http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00415不同年代中籼水稻品种的叶片光合性状1111121剧成欣陶进钱希旸顾骏飞张耗赵步洪刘立军11,*王志琴杨建昌12扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009;江苏省里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225

2、007摘要:旨在探明中熟籼稻在品种改良过程中籽粒产量和叶片光合性能的变化特点。以江苏省近70年来不同年代在生产上应用的12个代表性中籼水稻品种(含杂交稻组合)为材料,依据应用年代将其分为20世纪50—60年代、60—70年代、80—90年代和21世纪00—10年代(超级稻)4种类型,研究其产量、冠层结构及叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明,随品种的改良,中籼水稻品种的产量不断提高。群体总颖花量、面积指数和粒叶比显著增加,叶基角减小,群体透光率、光合势(绿叶面积持续期)、抽穗期剑叶光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和PSII最大和实际光化学效率以及荧光与非荧光淬灭系数增加。最大叶面

3、积指数和全生育期总光合势与籽粒产量呈极显著正相关。灌浆期剑叶光合速率、气孔导度、PSII最大和实际光化学量子效率以及荧光和非荧光淬灭系数与结实率或粒重呈显著相关。表明在品种改良过程中,株型和叶片光合性能的改善是中籼水稻产量提高的重要原因。关键词:中籼水稻;株型;光合速率;叶绿素荧光;产量LeafPhotosyntheticCharacteristicsofMid-seasonIndicaRiceVarietiesAppliedatDifferentDecades1111121JUCheng-Xin,TAOJin,QIANXi-Yang,GUJun-Fei,ZHANGH

4、ao,ZHAOBu-Hong,LIULi-Jun,11,*WANGZhi-Qin,andYANGJian-Chang1JiangsuKeyLaboratoryofCropGeneticsandPhysiology/Co-InnovationCenterforModernProductionTechnologyofGrainCrops,Yangzhou2University,Yangzhou225009,China;LixiaheRegionAgriculturalResearchInstituteofJiangsu,Yangzhou225007,ChinaAbstra

5、ct:Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoinvestigatethechangesingrainyieldandleafphotosyntheticcharacteristicsofmid-seasonindicaricevarietiesduringtheirimprovement.Twelvetypicalindicavarieties(includinghybridcombinations)appliedintheproductioninJiangsuProvinceduringthelast70yearswereused,andclass

6、ifiedintofourtypesof1950–1960s,1960–1970s,1980–1990s,and2000–2010s(superrice)accordingtotheirapplicationdecades.Thegrainyield,canopystructureandleafphotosyntheticcharacteristicsweredetermined.Theresultsshowedthatthegrainyieldwasprogressivelyincreasedwiththeimprovementofvarieties.Withthe

7、processofimprovementofvarieties,thetotalnumberofspikelets,leafareaindexandgrain-leafratioweremarkedlyincreased,whiletheleafbaseangelwasdecreased.Theimprovementofvarietiesincreasedthelighttransmittanceratio,photosyntheticpotential(greenleafareaduration),netphotosyntheticrate,sto