资源描述:
《西藏藏语言文学的保护与发展》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、西藏藏语言文学的保护与发展——以西藏大学语言文学专业的发展为例西藏大学文学院藏学系文学教研室主任,教授,多布杰TheProtectionandDevelopmentofTibetanLanguageinTibetDuobujie,professoranddirectorattheOfficeofLiteratureTeachingandResearch,DepartmentofTibetanology,InstituteofArts,TibetUniversity在旧西藏,学习藏语言文学是少数上层贵族和少数僧侣的特权
2、,占西藏总人口95%以上的广大农奴和奴隶根本没有学习藏语言文学的权利。西藏和平解放以来,国家高度重视藏语文的学习和推广,《宪法》、《民族区域自治法》等均明确规定保障少数民族使用和发展本民族语言文字的自由。目前藏语文在西藏自治区得到广泛的学习、使用和发展。所有农牧区和部分城镇小学均实行藏汉同步教学,主要课程用藏语授课。中学阶段同时实行藏语和汉语授课,并坚持在内地西藏中学开设藏语文课。在高校和中等专业学校的招生考试中,藏语文作为考试科目,成绩计入总分。西藏自治区各级人民代表大会通过的决议、法规,西藏各级政府所下达的正式文
3、件和发布的公告都使用藏、汉两种文字。目前,西藏有14种藏文杂志,10种藏文报纸。InoldTibet,itwastheprivilegeofafewnoblesandprieststolearnTibetanlanguage,alargenumberserfsandslaves,whonumberedmorethan95%ofthetotalpopulationofTibet,hadnorightstolearnTibetanlanguageatall.AfterthepeacefulliberationofTibe
4、t,thestatepaysmuchattentiontothelearningandspreadofTibetanlanguage.TheConstitutionandtheLawonRegionalAutonomyofMinorityEthnicGroupsclearlystipulatetoguaranteetherightofminoritiestouseanddevelopthelanguagesandscriptsoftheirethnicgroups.Atpresent,Tibetanlanguageh
5、asbeenlearned,usedanddevelopedwidelyintheTibetAutonomousRegion.TibetanandChineselanguagesaretaughtsimultaneouslyatprimeschoolsinruralareasandthoseinsomecitiesandtowns,andthemajorcoursesaretaughtinTibetanlanguage.Inmiddleschools,TibetanandChineselanguagesaresimu
6、ltaneouslyusedinschoolteaching;andTibetanmiddleschoolsintheinlandofferTibetanlanguagecoursespersistently.Inexaminationsfortheenrollmentintouniversitiesandmiddlevocationalschools,Tibetanlanguageislistedasanexamsubject,withitsscoresincludedintothetotalones.Allthe
7、resolutionsandstatutespassedbytheTibetanPeople’sConferencesofRepresentativesatlevelsandtheformaldocumentsandpublicnoticesissuedbytheTibetangovernmentsatlevelsmakeuseofbothTibetanandChineselanguages.Atpresent,14kindsofmagazinesand10kindsofnewspapers,allinTibetan
8、language,areissuedinTibet.下面,我以西藏大学为例,介绍一下西藏藏语言文学保护与发展情况。Inthefollowing,IwilltakeTibetUniversityasanexampletointroducetheprotectionanddevelopmentofTibetanlanguageinTibet.作为藏