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1、中国科技论文在线http://www.paper.edu.cnAnecologicallybasedsystemforsustainableagroforestryin#sub-tropicalandtropicalforests11234SUNYuan,CAOFuliang,WELHAMClive,PELZR.Dieter,WEIXiaohua,56**5CHENLei,YANGQing(1.Co-InnovationCenterforSustainableForestryinSouthernC
2、hina,NanjingForestryUniversity,Nanjing210037;2.DepartmentofForestResourcesManagement,FacultyofForestry,UniversityofBritishColumbia,VancouverBCV6T1Z1;103.FacultyofEnvironmentandNaturalResources,UniversityofFreiburg,Freiburg79108;4.EarthandEnvironmental
3、Science,UniversityofBritishColumbia,VancouverV6T1Z1;5.ForestryCollege,NanjingForestryUniversity,Nanjing210037;6.CollegeofInformationScienceandTechnology,NanjingForestryUniversity,Nanjing210037)15Abstract:Forestsintropicalandsub-tropicalcountriesfacese
4、verepressuresduetoacombinationofpovertyandenvironmentdegradation.Tobeeffective,measurestoprotecttheseforestsmustthereforeconsiderbotheconomicandecologicaldimensionssynergistically.Thepurposeofthispaperwastosynthesizeourlong-termwork(1994–2015)onaGinkg
5、oagroforestrysystemanddemonstrateitspotentialforachievingbothgoals,anddiscussitswiderapplicationintropicalandsub-tropical20countries.Theperformanceofvariousecological,economic,andsocialindicatorswascomparedamongfiveGinkgoagroforestrysystems.Twointegra
6、tedindicators,HarmonyDegree(HD)andDevelopmentDegree(DD),werealsousedtoshowtheintegratedperformanceoftheseindicators.Ginkgo-Wheat-Peanut(G+W+P)andGinkgo-Rapeseed-Peanut(G+R+P)arethebestsystemswhencomparedtopureandmixedGinkgoplantations,orpureagricultur
7、alcrops.Resultsdemonstratethatit25ispossibletoachievebotheconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionthroughimplementationofsustainableagroforestrysystemsinsub-tropicalregions.Keywords:ginkgobiloba;indicators;forestproducts;harmonydegree;developmentd
8、egree0Introduction[1]30Forestsplayanimportantroleintheterrestrialcarbonbudgetandprovideessentialecosystem[2]services.However,forestcovercontinuestodeclineatanalarmingrate,bothinquantityandquality.[3]AccordingtotheFAO(2010),theworld’sforestsare
