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1、高考语法专题:情态动词与虚拟语气考纲新研读情态动词1.can,could(1)表示能力或客观可能性、请求或允许:Mancannotlivewithoutairorwater.(2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信:Howcanyoubesocareless!Hecouldn’tbeoversixty.(3)表示对过去否定或疑问的猜测:Jackcannot(couldn’t)havebeentoChina,hashe?Can(Could)hehaveheardthenews?(4)表示虚拟语气,用于肯定句,couldhavedone,“过去能够
2、干某事而没干”。Icouldhavelenthimmoney,buthedidn’taskme.Givenmoretime,Icouldhavedoneitevenbetter.(5)表示“有时会”:Trainingalonecanbedangerous.2.may,might(1)表示推测“可能”:Thatmayormaynotbetrue.(2)对过去可能性的推测,may(might可能性更小)havedone:Shemaynothaveseenthefilm.Shemighthavehadanaccident.(3)表示虚拟语
3、气“有可能干而没干”:Shemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butshedidn’t.(4)表示祝愿:Mayyousucceedinpassingtheexam!3.must,haveto(1)“必须”,“必要”:Soldiersmustobeyorders.Youmustn’ttalklikethat.(2)肯定的猜测(不能用于否定或疑问):“一定”:Hemustbeseventynow.Hemustbedoinghishomeworkupstairs.Ithinkyoumusthavemadeamistake
4、,didn’tyou?Hemusthavebeendoinghishomeworkthen.(3)(表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦)偏要JustasIwashurryingtoclass,Marymustcome,tellingalongstory.4.need(1)“需要”,主要用于否定、疑问句。Youneedn’tdoitatonce.(2)needn’thavedone,“过去不需要干而干了”:Youhadenoughtimeleft.Youneedn’thavehurried.(3)特殊句型,“需要干某事”:Thetreene
5、eds(wants,requires)watering(tobewatered).5.dare,dared(1)主要用于疑问、否定和条件句中:Howdaredtheydosuchathing?(2)可作实意动词:dare(to)do:Hedidn’tdare(to)gothere.6.shall,should(1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,征求对方意见:ShallIturnontheradio?(2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。Youshallfailifyoudon’ttakeh
6、isadvice.Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(3)should/oughtto,“应该”:Youshouldworkhardatyourlessons.(4)should(oughtto)havedone,“过去本来应该干某事而没干”;shouldnothavedone“过去本来不应该干某事而干了”,表示委婉的批评:Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Youshouldn’thavetoldheraboutit.Yououghttohavetoldmeabout
7、thatyesterday.7.will,would(1)用于疑问句,表示请求、邀请:Will/Wouldyoupassmethebook?(2)“愿意”:Ifyouwillwaitalittlewhile,I’llcallthemanager.(3)“总是”:Hewilloftensitupallnight.HewoulddropinonmeonSundays.(4)用于否定句,表拒绝,尤指物:Wepushedthebus,butitwouldn’tmoveabit.8.usedto“过去曾经……”,暗示现在不再如此:Youuse
8、dtosmoke,usedn’tyou(didn’tyou)?虚拟语气近几年,虚拟语气考查的重点是与情态动词连用的虚拟语气。如:shouldhavedone,couldhavedone,mighthavedone等。虚拟条件句等也时有