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1、西方文论（WesternLiteraryTheory）1.brieflydescribeAristotle'stheoryofliteratureandartanditsinfluenceonlatergenerations.Inthetheoryofliteratureandart,AristotlesummeduptheliterarypracticeandliterarytheoryofancientGreeceaccordingtohisownphilosophicalprinciplesandethicalcon
2、cepts,andformedthemostperfectliteraryandartistictheoryandaestheticthoughtatthattime.Hisliteraryworkssuchas"onpoets","DramaStudies"and"Homer'squestion"havebeenlost.Atpresent,toseehisliteraryaestheticsthoughtmainlyin"metaphysics","physics","NicoMarco'sethics"and"pol
3、itics"arereflected;andinthe"Poetics"and"rhetoric"isreflectedmoreconcentrated."Poetics"iscalledthefoundationofthehistoryofwesternliterarytheory.AristotleinheritedthephilosophicalachievementsofancientGreecesinceTelles,especiallyPlaton'sideologicalachievements;howeve
4、r,hisinheritancewasbasedoncriticismandaimedatinnovation.Ideologically,heisnotlikePythagorasandHeraclitusmainlyfromnaturalscienceperspectiveofthetheoryofliteratureandart,likeSocratesandPlatonfocustoseeliterarytheory,fromtheviewpointofsocialsciencebuttaketheperspect
5、iveofdiscipline,fullyinclusiveandequitable,absorbingmultidisciplinaryconcept.Inthe"Poetics",heusedtodescribetheconceptofbiologicalorganicwholedrama;psychologycatharsistoexplaintheconceptoftragedywiththeinstinctofimitationfunction;toinfertheoriginofliteraryanthropo
6、logy;toclarifytheevolutionoftheconceptofchangeofdramadevelopmenthistory,etc..Aristotle'stheoryoftheessenceofliteratureandartisbasedonhistheoryofsubstanceandreason.Aristotlebelievesthatphilosophersstudytheentityinordertoseektherootcauseofthechangeofthings.Aristotle
7、alsousesthetheoryofpotentialandrealitytoexplaintherelationshipbetweenmaterialandform.Asfortheessenceofliteratureandart,Aristotlealsoregardsimitationastheobjectofliteraryimitation.Thecharacteristicistoexpresstheuniversalessentiallawthroughthespecialconcreteimage.Ar
8、istotlethinks,mustfollowtheprincipleoftheimitationprobabilityandinevitability,thatistosay,theworkdescribedtheincident,onlyinlinewiththerealityoflifeinth
