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1、计算机软硬故障之启动篇简析（Abriefanalysisofcomputersoftandhardfaultinitiation）Ifirstdeclarethatmylevelisnothigh,sointhewritingofthisarticlewhentheheartisnotlow,Ijustwanttowritetheirownexperience,Ihopetohelpyourfriends.Nononsense.Let'scutintothetopicIfyouwanttolearntotroubleshootcomputersystemfailure,yo
2、umustfirstunderstandthecomputerstartupstepsThefollowingismyreferencetootherarticlesaftersummingup,theremaybeerrors,seetheamountof~~~!Simplifiedsteps:thebootprocessoftheXPsystem:1.Thepowerself-testprogramstartstorun2,themasterbootrecordisloadedintomemory,andtheprogramstartsexecuting3.Theboo
3、tsectoroftheactivepartitionisloadedintomemory4.NTLDRisloadedandinitializedfrombootsector5.Changetherealmodeoftheprocessorto32bitsmoothmemorymode6.NTLDRstartsrunningappropriatesmallfilesystemdrivers.ThesmallfilesystemdriverisbuiltinsidetheNTLDR,anditreadsFATorNTFS.7,NTLDRreadboot.inifile8.N
4、TLDRloadstheselectedoperatingsystem*ifNT/XPisselected,NTLDRrunsNtdetect.com*forotheroperatingsystems,NTLDRloadsandrunsBootsect.dos,andthenpassescontroltoit.TheendofwindowsNTprocess.9.Ntdetect.comsearchesthecomputerhardwareandsendsthelisttoNTLDRsothatitcanbewrittenintotheHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINEH
5、ARDWARE.10.andthenNTLDRloadsNtoskrnl.exe,Hal.dll,andsysteminformationsets.11.Ntldrsearchesthesysteminformationsetandloadsthedevicedriverconfigurationsothatthedevicestartsworkingatstartup12.NtldrgivescontroltoNtoskrnl.exe,whenthestartoftheprogramisfinishedandtheloadingphasebeginsStepsindeta
6、il:First,whenyoupressthepower,CPUpointstheinstructionstotheBIOS,BIOSdetectsthememory,thegraphicscard,andthenthespeakersendsacrisp"drop"sound,Second.SystemBIOStofindthegraphicscardBIOS,completeinitialization,screendisplaycardinformationThird.SystemBIOSwilldisplayitsownbootscreen,motherboard
7、informationandsoonFourth.SystemBIOSwilldetectthetypeandworkingfrequencyofCPU,checkthememorycapacityofthemachine,anddisplaythevalueofmemorytestonthescreenatthesametime5.BIOSsystembegantoinstallsomeofthestandarddetectionsystemhardware,includingharddisks,CD-ROM,s
