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1、troublewiththeheroJordan,yetheisamaincharacterashiswifePilaris.Minorcharactersarethoseinremoteandstaticrelationwiththehero.Itiswrongtothinkthatminorcharactersareallunimportant.Insomenovels,oneorsomeoftheminorcharactersmayserveacriticalrole,structurallyorinterpretationall
2、y. Foilcharactersareonesthathelpenhancetheintensityoftheherobystrengtheningor contrasting.Theymaybemaincharactersorminorcharacters.Inaword,theyserveasfoilstotheheroorheroine.CohninTheSunAlsoRisesisagoodexample.Heisoneofthemaincharacters.LikeJake,heisalso“lost,”tryingvain
3、lytoescapethepastbycourtingwomenanddrinking.ButduringtheirstayinSpain,CohndisplaysqualitiesincontrasttothosecherishedbyJake,whichmakesJakerealizehisownproblemsandfinallyfindasolution,thoughtemporarily.Cohnworksmainlybycontrast.WilsoninTheGreatGatsbyworksbypresenting.Gats
4、bylosthislovertoTomandWilsonlosthiswifetoTom.BypresentingWilson’scasethenovelistintendstopointouttheprofoundcauseofGatsby’stragedy.Dr.WatsoninthestoriesofSherlockHolmesservesasafoiltothehero,renderingthedetectivesmarterthanhewouldotherwiseappeartothereader. Bythedegreeof
5、theirdevelopment,characterscanbegroupedasroundcharactersand flatcharacters.ThisdivisionisproposedbyE.MForster.Roundcharactersarefullydevelopedwhileflatcharactersarenot.Orwecansaythatroundcharactersgrowwhileflatcharactersdonot.Usuallythereaderisallowedaccesstotheinnerlife
6、oftheroundcharacterandpermittedtolearnaboutmanysidesoftheroundcharacter.Theflatcharacterisa“closed”charactertowhoseinnerthoughtsthereaderisdeniedaccess.Usuallyonesideoftheflatcharacterisshowninthenovel.Mostheroesareroundcharacterswhogrowemotionallyorspiritually. ChapterT
7、hreeTheme AristotleinPoeticslistssixbasicelementsoftragedy.Melody(song)anddiction(language)fallinthegeneralcategoryofstyle,andspectacleisrelevanttosettinginourdiscussionoffiction.Theotherthreeaspectsaremythosorplot,ethosorcharacter,anddianoia,whichwegenerallytranslateint
8、o“thought”inEnglish.AccordingtoAristotle,plotisthe“soul”orshapingprincipleorfiction,andcharactersexistp
