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1、英文原文3Dfiniteelementanalysisonpile-soilinteractionofpassivepilegroup1IntroductionThemajorityofpilesaredesignedtosupport“active”loads,thatis,loadsfromsuperstructurearedirectlytransferredtothepilefoundationbythecap.However,inmanycases,pilesarenotdesignedtowithstand“passive”loads,whic
2、harecreatedbythedeformationandmovementofsoilsurroundingthepilesduetotheweightofsoilandthesurcharge.Thesepassiveloadsmayleadtostructuraldistressorfailure.Examplesofthesecasesincludepilessupportingbridgeabutmentsadjacenttoembankment,existingpilefoundationsadjacenttopiledriving,excav
3、ationortunnelingoperations,andpilefoundationsinmovingslopes.Severalempiricalandnumericalmethodshavebeenproposedforanalyzingtheresponseofsinglepileandpilegroupsubjectedtolateralloadingfromhorizontalsoilmovements.AcomprehensivereviewonthesemethodshasbeenmadebySTEWARTetal.Mostofthenu
4、mericalmethodsthathavebeenproposedutilizethefiniteelementmethodorthefinitedifferentialmethod.Forpilegroups,theplanestrainfiniteelementmethodwasadoptedbySTEWARTetal.InthestudybySTEWARTetal,thepileswererepresentedbyequivalentsheet-pilewalls.Thebehaviorofsheet-pilewallsystemwasassume
5、dtobedependentonpredeterminedrelationshipbetweenthepressureandrelativesoildisplacement(soilmovementpastpiles),andthesoil-pileinteractionwasnotmodeled.Inalaterstudy,BRANSBYandSPRINGMANusedthreedimensionalfiniteelementmethod,inwhichrelativelycoarsemeshwasusedduetolimitedcomputingcap
6、acityatthattime,andthedistributionofsoilcontactstressaroundpileswasnotinvestigated.Infact,thistypeofpile-soilinteractioninvolvesnonlinearitiessuchasplasticityofsoil,largedisplacementandpile-soilcontact.Theinfluencingfactorsofthenonlinearityincludepropertiesanddepthofsoftsoillayer,
7、diameter,numberandspacingofpiles,andconstraintsfromupperstructure.Uptodate,limitedstudiesontheseinfluencingfactorshavebeenfound.Inthiswork,thedistributionofsoilcontactstressaroundpilesandthelateralpressurewereobtained,thepilegroupsdeformationsindifferentrowswereinvestigated,andthe
8、lateralpressuresonthe(2×1)pilegro