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1、摘要近年来单片机发展十分迅速,单片机的应用已经渗透到各个行业。而温度的测量及控制变得越来越重要,温度的控制在各个领域都有积极的意义。传统的温度采集方法不仅费时费力,而且精度差,单片机的出现使得温度的采集和数据处理问题能够得到很好的解决。所以采用单片机对温度进行控制不仅具有控制方便、简单、灵活性大等特点,而且还可以大幅度提高被控温度的技术指标,从而能够大大提高产品的质量。本设计是基于AT89C51单片机的恒温箱控制系统,系统分为硬件和软件两部分,其中硬件包括:温度传感器、显示、控制和报警的设计;软件包括:显示程序设计、
2、控制程序设计和温度报警程序设计。编写程序结合硬件进行调试,能够实现设置和调节初始温度值,进行显示屏显示,当加热到设定值后立刻报警。本设计从实际应用出发选取了体积小、精度相对高的数字式温度传感元件DS18B20作为温度采集器,单片机AT89C51作为主控芯片,LCD1602作为显示输出,并且其中包含了PID算法,实现了对温度的实时测量与恒定控制。关键词:单片机;恒温;控制;报警;PIDAbstractInrecentyears,microcontrollerisdevelopedveryrapid,microcontr
3、ollerapplicationshavepenetratedintovariousindustries.Andthemeasurementandcontroloftemperaturebecomesmoreandmoreimportant,thetemperaturecontrolhasapositivesignificanceinvariousfields.Thetraditionalmethodoftemperatureacquisitionisnotonlytime-consumingandlaborious
4、,butpooraccuracy,theemergenceofmicrocontrollermakestheproblemofdataacquisitionandprocessingtemperaturecangetverygoodsettlement.Sousingmicrocontrollertocontroltemperatureisnotonlyeasytocontrol,simple,flexibilityandothercharacteristics,butalsocangreatlyimprovethe
5、temperaturewhichwaschargedwithtechnicalindicators,whichcangreatlyimprovethequalityoftheproduct.Thermostaticcontrolplayadecisiveroleintheprocessofindustrialproduction,temperaturecontroldirectlyaffectstheyieldandqualityofindustrialproduction.Thisdesignistheconsta
6、nttemperatureboxcontrolsystembasedonAT89C51microcontroller,thesystemisdividedintotwopartsofhardwareandsoftware,thehardwareincludes:temperaturesensor,display,controlandalarmdesign;softwareincludes:adisplayprogramdesign,programdesignandtemperaturealarmprogramdesi
7、gn.Writeaprogramcombininghardwaredebugging,canrealizethesettingandadjustingtheinitialtemperature,fordisplay,alarmimmediatelywhenheatedtothesetvalue.Thedesignfrompracticalapplicationselectedsmall,relativelyhighaccuracydigitaltemperaturesensorDS18B20asthetemperat
8、urelogger,AT89C51microcontrollerasthemasterchip,LCD1602asdisplayoutput,andalsocontainsthePIDalgorithm,realizethereal-timemeasurementoftemperatureandconstantcontrol.Keywords: