2018届高考语法精讲：动词时态和语态

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1、动词的时态和语态各种时态构成表：（以do为例）一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/doesis/am/aredoinghas/havedonehas/havebeendoing过去didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing将来shall/willdoshall/willbedoingshall/willhavedoneshall/willhavebeendoing过去将来woulddowouldbedoingwouldhavedonewouldhavebeendo

2、ing一、一般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。（1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes（2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：carry→carries（3）以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches，finish→finishes2．功能：（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作。例如：①Ihaveadream.②Shelovesmusic.③Mar

3、y'sparentsgetupveryearly.（2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，everyweek，occasionally，frequently，seldom等时间副词连用。例如：3①Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.②Shewritestomeveryoften.③SheisanEnglishteacher.（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实。例如：①Theearthmovesaroundthesun.②Thesun

4、risesintheeastandsetsinthewest.③Twoandtwomakesfour.④Nomanbuterrs.（4）表示将来发生的动作：A．在由when，after,before，as，assoonas，although，because，if，evenif，incase，till，until，unless，aslongas，where，whatever，wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如：①I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorr

5、ow.②Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.③Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.④I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.B．按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。例如：①Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.②Whendoestheplanetakeoff?③Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.④Acco

6、rdingtothetimetable,thetrainstartsat9o’clock.二．一般过去时：动词的过去式1．表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。例如：①Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.②IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.③Chinawasfoundedin1949.2．在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。例如：①Shetoldmeshewould’tgowithusifitrainedth

7、enextday.②Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.③Hisgirlfriendpromisedtomarryhimonceheboughtherabighouse.三．一般将来时：shall/will+动词原形1．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：①Hewillgraduatefromthecollegenextyear.3②Weshallfinishourworkasquicklyaspossible.2．将来时的其它结构。例如：I.is/am/aregoi

8、ngtodosth.（美国口语中常读作begonna）①I'mgoingtobuyanewcarthisfall.②Heisgoingtosellhishouse.注意：begoingto与will的对比：下列情况须用will①Iwillbesixteenyearsoldnextyear.②Itwillbethe20thofAugusttomorrow.③Whenhecomes,Iwillgivehimyourmessage.II.is/am/are+t