山东省部分名校2023-2024学年高三下学期2月大联考试题 英语 Word版含解析.docx

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2024届高三年级2月份大联考英语试题全卷满分120分。考试用时100分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A2024HotList:TheBestNewRestaurantsintheWorldRestaurantsaresomeofthemostamazingdestinationsaroundthewholeworld.Herearesomeofthebestforyoutohaveauniqueeatingexperience.PlacedesFêtes—NewYorkCityThisfamouswinebarprovidesaspotwithararesweetandwarmatmosphere.Fordatenight,gotothebarwithviewsoftheopenkitchen,orfillupthelargetableinthebackwithagroupandtastetheentire20-itemmenu.Eitherway,donotmissthefamousmushroomsoup.LeDoyenné—Saint-Vrain,FranceAustralianchefsJamesHenryandShaunKellytransformedtheformerstables（马厩）ofa19th-centuryprivateestate（庄园）intoaworkingfarm,restaurant,andguesthousedrivenbytheprinciplesofregenerativeagriculture.Morethanonehundredvarietiesoffruits,vegetables,andherbsmaketheirwayintoHenry’scookingafterbeingcarefullynurturedbyKelly.MiCompaChava—MexicoCitySeafoodisahangovercureinMexico,andalmosteveryoneeatinghereisdevotedtofixinglastnight’sdamagefromdrunkennessandgettingaheadstartoncreatingtoday’s.Onthesidewalk,crowdsoflocalsand touristsalikelineupforfishermanSalvadorOrozco’screativetakesonSinaloaandBajaseafood.Anythingfromtherawhalfofthemenuisasurebet,thoughcookeddisheslikefishcanhelpfilloutameal.Vilas—BangkokCanadishinspiredbyaSpanishrecipeusingJapaneseingredients（原料）stillbeconsideredThai?ForChefPrinPolsuk,oneofBangkok’smostfamousThaichefs,itmostcertainlycan.Athislatestrestaurant,asmalldiningroomatthebaseofBangkok’slandmarkKingPowerMahanakhonTower,hedrawsinspirationfromKingChulalongkorn’s1897journeyaroundEuropeandtheforeigningredientsandcookingtechniquesheaddedtotheroyalcookbooks.1.Whichofthefollowingrestaurantsfollowstheprincipleofregenerativeagriculture?A.PlacedesFêtes.B.LeDoyenné.C.MiCompaChava.D.Vilas.2.WhatdoesthefishermanSalvadorOrozcospecializein?A.Deliciousseafoodsoup.B.Distinctforeignflavors.C.Innovativeseafoodcooking.D.Atreatmentfordrunkenness.3.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Atravelmagazine.B.Ascientificreport.C.Anadvertisement.D.Atextbook.BRecently,asetofvideoclips(片段)featuringamanshowcasingumbrellaswithvariouscreativedesignshasgoneviralontheInternet,evenspreadingoverseasandattractingforeignnetizenswiththeunimaginable“Chinesecreativity”,CCTVnewsreported.Intheclipsthereareshininglaser(激光)reflectiveumbrellastodispeldarkness,umbrellaswithfloor-lengthplasticcurtainstopreventone’sclothesfromgettingwet,twinumbrellasspeciallydesignedforcouplesandmanyothers.Allofthemaremadebythemanintheclips,LeiPenglin.38-year-oldLeihasoperatedanumbrellafactoryinShaoxing,ZhejiangProvince.Netizensaffectionatelycallhim“uncle”duetohisperformancesintheclips.In2014,Leiestablishedhisownfactory.Atfirst,hisfactoryreceivedthousandsoforders.However,asthecompetitionintensified,Leihadtoexplorenewopportunities.Hefoundthatcreativeanduniqueproductsalwaysstoodout.Therefore,Leistartedtoinfusecreativeideasintotheproductsand,in2022,hisumbrellawithanattachedflashlightgainedpopularity.“Consumerspursuepersonalizedproducts.Sotheumbrellashavetofunctionasdecorationsasidefromjustpreventingsunshineandrain,”Leisaid.Inthecommentsectionoftheproductvideos,Leinoticedaninterestingrequestwithmanylikes,suggesting tohimtomakeareflectiveumbrellaforwalkinginthedark.Followingtheadvice,Leicreatedthe“laserreflectiveumbrella”,sellingover70,000unitsonceuponrelease.Fromthenon,Leistartedtoattachgreatimportancetocommentstoabsorbnewideas.Presently,Leispendsseveralhoursreadingcommentseveryday.“Basically300to500commentsaday,Iwillreadandreplytothemallbymyself.OnlybycarefullyobservingcanIknoweveryone’sneed,andsolvetheafter-sellingproblemsontime,”hesaid.Severalproductsdevelopedbasedonthecommentshavebeenonshelf.“Almostalltheumbrellasmadesofarcanbesold;nonehavesufferedloss,”Leiintroduced.Inthefuture,LeihopestomakesomeChinese-styleumbrellasthatcanbepairedwithHan-styleclothing.“IwanttotrysomethingnewandalsoadvocateforourChineseculture,”Leiadded.4.WhatisthefeatureofLei’sumbrellas?A.Conventional.B.Innovative.C.Unimaginative.D.Durable.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infuse”inparagraph3mean?A.Divide.B.Burst.C.Integrate.D.Emerge.6.WhatisLei’sattitudetowardshisfuturecareer?A.Uncertain.B.Indifferent.C.Dissatisfied.D.Optimistic.7.WhatcontributesmosttoLei’ssuccessaccordingtotheauthor?A.Promotinghisproductsthroughsocialmedia.B.Payingattentiontocustomers’commentsandneeds.C.Seekinguniquenesstocompetewithotherproducers.D.Addingelementsoftraditionalculturetohisproducts.CFountainsoflavaeruptedfromtheSundhnúkurvolcanicsysteminsouthwestIcelandonJanuary14th,2024.Lavaflowswelledupfromanewgap,attackingthesuburbsofGrindavíkwithatleastthreehousesintheirpathburntdown.Nearby,constructionvehiclesthathadbeenworkingforweekstobuildlargeearthendamsinanattempttodivert(使转向)thelava’sflowhadtopullback.Lavaissubjecttogravitylikeotherfluids,soitwillflowdownalongapathofsteepestdescent(斜坡).Withthetemperatureofitsmoltenrockoftenwellabove1,000degreesCelsius,notmuchcanstandinitsway.Humanshavetriedmanywaystostoplavainthepast,fromattemptingtofreezeitinplacebycoolingitwithseawater,tousingexplosivestocutoffitssupply.However,noattemptwassuccessful.Mostrecenteffortshavefocusedinsteadonbuildingdamsinanattempttodivertthelava’sflowtowarda differentpathofsteepestdescent,intoadifferent“lavashed,”wherelavawouldnaturallyflow.Resultshavebeenmixed,butdiversioncanbesuccessfulifthelavaflowcanbeclearlydivertedintoadistinctareawherelavawouldnaturallyflow—withoutthreateningadifferentcommunityintheprocess.Manyattemptstodivertlavahavefailed,however.BarriersbuiltinItalytostopMt.Etna’slavaflowsin1992slowedtheflow,butthelavaeventuallyovertoppedeachone.DivertinglavainGrindavíkisdifficult,inpartbecausethelandaroundGrindavíkisrelativelyflat,makingithardertoidentifyaclearalternativepathofsteepestdescentforredirectingthelava.IcelandicofficialsreportedonJanuary15ththatmostofthelavafromthemainfissurehadflowedalongtheoutsidethebarrier,howeveranewgaphadalsoopenedinsidetheperimeter(外围),sendinglavaintoaneighborhood.Unfortunately,thatimpliesthatGrindavíkremainsatrisk.8.WhatdoweknowaboutthelavaeruptingfromtheSundhnúkurvolcanicsystem?A.ItseverelyaffectedthedowntownareaofGrindavík.B.Itforcedtheconstructionoflargeearthendamstosuspend.C.Itwassuccessfullyredirectedbytheearthenbarriers:D.Itcompletelyburiedaresidentialarea.9.Howmanywaysarementionedtostopthelava?A.Five.B.Four.C.Three.D.Two.10.ThelavaflowinGrindavíkremainsariskbecause________.A.thelavahasdestroyedmanybuildingsB.thereisnosuitabledamtodivertthelavaCthelandaroundGrindavíkisrelativelyflatD.thelavahasalreadyenteredapopulatedarea11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howearthenbarrierfunctions.B.Whatcanbedonetopreventlava.C.Whyvolcaniclavaissohardtostop.D.WhatlavahasbroughtaboutinIceland.DAtancientsitesacrosstheAmazonRiverbasin,mysteriousplotsofunusuallyrichsoildot(点缀)thelandscape.Scientistshavelongdebatedtheoriginofthis“darkearth”,whichisdarkerincolorthansurroundingsoilsandricherincarbon.Somepeoplethinkthisdarkearthformednaturally,butthelatestresearchhasshownthatmodern KuikuropeopleinBrazilcreatesimilarsoilaroundtheirvillagesonpurpose,whichaddsevidencetotheideathatlong-agoAmazonsdeliberatelymadesuchsoiltoo.Perron,anearthscientistatMIT,reviewedinterviewsofKuikuropeopleconductedbyaKuikurofilmmakerin2018andfoundthatKuikurovillagersactivelymakedarkearthbyusingash,foodbitsandcontrolledburns.“Whenyouplantinhillyland,thesoilisweak,”explainedelderKanuKuikuroinoneoftheinterviews.Thatiswhywethrowtheash,maniocpeelingsandmaniocpulp.Whencomparingsoilsamplesfromancientandmodernsites,researchersfound“strikingsimilarities”—bothwerefarlessacidicthansurroundingsoilsandcontainedhigherlevelsofplant-friendlynutrients.Analysesalsorevealedthatdarkearthholdstwicetheamountofcarbonassurroundingsoilsonaverage.Scans(扫描)oftheXinguregionsuggestthattheareaisdottedwithdarkearth,andthatholdasmuchasabout9milliontonsofcarbon—theannualcarbonemissionsofasmall,industrializedcountry.“ThisnumbercouldroughlyequaltheannualcarbonemissionsoftheUnitedStateswhenalldarkearthacrosstheAmazonistakenintoconsideration,”Perronsays.FiguringoutthetruevalueofcarbonstoredintheAmazon’sdarkearthwillrequiremoredata.Still,theresearchhassignificantinfluencesontheAmazon’sfuture.ThetechniquehighlightshowancientpeoplewereabletoliveintheAmazonbydevelopingsustainablefarmingthatdoubledasacarbon-storingtechnique.Withmoreandmoregreenhousegasesenteringtheatmosphere,itcouldalsoprovideablueprintfordevelopingmethodsofsustainablylockingatmosphericcarboninthesoil,helpingfightclimatechange.12.WhatcanweinferfromthedarkearthacrosstheAmazonRiverbasin?A.Theyaremoreacidicthansurroundingsoils.B.Theycontainmoreorganicnutrients.C.Theyformednaturally.D.Theycontainlesscarbon.13.WhydoestheauthormentiontheannualcarbonemissionsoftheUS?A.Toexplainthedifficultyofprotectingdarkearth.B.ToshowthewidedistributionofdarkearthinAmazon.C.Tostressthehugecarbon-storingcapabilityofdarkearth.D.TorevealthelargecarbonemissionsoftheUnitedStates.14.Whatdoestheauthorstressinthelastparagraph?A.Theimportanceofdevelopingsustainablefarming.B.Theadvancedfarmingtechnologyinancienttomes.C.Apossiblesolutiontoclimatechange. DAwayofgreenagriculture.15.Whichisthebesttitleofthetext?A.UrgencyofSustainableDevelopmentB.FactsAbouttheDarkEarthC.AdvantagesoftheDarkEarthD.WisdomofAncientAmazons第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Secondplaceisjustthefirstloser.”isawell-knownsayingfromtheNASCARchampionDaleEarnhardt.Wemaynotwantotherstoknowourthoughts,butmanyofusthinkthisway,becauseweareborntocompetewitheachother.____16____Fortunately,thereisawaytosolvethisproblem:insteadofalwaysgoingforgold,aimforthebronze.ToexpandonthewisdomofEarnhardt,althoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser,thirdplacecanbetherealwinner,atleastwhenitcomestohappinessandlongevity.A1995studydiscoveredthatbronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethansilvermedalists,whileanotherresearchin2018studiedUSathletesintheOlympicsfrom1904to1936andfoundthatthosewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72onaverage.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbylivingto76.____17________18____Silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheycomparethemselvesonlywiththechampions.Incontrast,thebronzewinnerscomparedownwardswiththosewhohavenevermadeitontothepodiumatall.____19____Theemotionshowsupinimprovedhealthandlongevity.Theworldlyhappinessstrategyofworkingforgoldeverydayisfoolish.Stopspendingmostofyourtimefeelinglikeasilvermedalist:alwayspursuingandrelyingyourhappinessonasingleoutcome.____20____A.Butthefirstprizewenttothebronzewinners,wholivedto78.B.Therefore,theyfeelbetteraboutthemselvesandthus,happier.C.However,ifleftuncontrolled,thiscancreateconflictsbetweenourselvesandothers.D.Thesocialconceptsofupwardanddownwardcomparisonhelpexplainthedifference.E.Thecomparisonisnotfromafeelingofillwill,butbecauserewardsinlifearerelative.F.Comparingourselveswiththeunluckyisareliabletechniqueforreducinganegativemood.G.Rather,aimforhealthycompetitionswhereyoudoyourbestwithoutexpectingtobetheabsolutewinner.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ashoka,anassociationfoundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughttoendpoverty(贫困)andsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthy____21____,Ashokaprovidesmoneytosolveurgentproblemsworldwide.Draytonemphasizestheimportantthingistosimplygiveyourself____22____.Ifyouseeaproblem,youcanhelpsolveit.Theyoung____23____arewillingto____24____thisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy,healthyand____25____adult.Infact,itismanyyoungpeople’s____26____tosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka,whicheffectivelyhandledthe____27____problemthecityencountered,andprovidedanincomeforlocalfarmersthere.WhenMasqsoodandIftekharfromAshokabegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka’sstreets,____28____ratsanddisease,theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorthereto____29____methodstocompost(堆肥)thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhavea_____30_____fortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwith_____31_____chemicalfertilisers(化肥).Atfirst,theywere_____32_____,butoncetheywereableto_____33_____themthattherewasmoneytobemade,theproject_____34_____.In2009saleswere$14,000.Draytonis_____35_____thatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious,practicalprogressinbringingaboutsocialchangebychangingthewaywelookateconomicdevelopment.21.A.plansB.causesC.attemptsD.events22.A.rightB.confidenceC.permissionD.praise23.A.inparticularB.infactC.onpurposeD.inturn24.A.avoidB.declineC.acceptD.appreciate25.A.professionalB.generousC.contributingD.innocent26A.ambitionB.definitionC.adviceD.purpose27.A.waterB.resourceC.rubbishD.traffic28.A.attackingB.chargingC.countingD.inviting29.A.employB.createC.leaveD.send30.A.hopeB.marketC.desireD.way31.A.expensiveB.effectiveC.affordableD.profitable32.A.refusedB.recognisedC.confusedD.surprised33.A.permitB.orderC.adviseD.persuade 34.A.setoffB.tookoffC.pickedupD.putup35.A.uncertainB.doubtfulC.pessimisticD.optimistic第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。What’sthefirstthing____36____comesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofwheatstraw(麦秆)?Mostpeoplewouldprobablyjustseeitasapileofwasteinafarmer’sfield.However,WuCui,anintangible(非物质的)culturalinheritor,canturnthestrawintobeautifulandeye-catching____37____(function)artworks.Theearlieststraw-weavingproducts____38____(discover)atHemuduCulturalRuins,aNeolithicculturalsitelocatedineasternChina’sZhejiangProvince.TheBookofRites,oneoftheclassical____39____(work)ofConfucianism,alsorecordsthattherewerealreadymatsmadeofcattailgrassandprofessionalstraw-weavingcraftsmenduringtheZhouDynasty.Strawweavingwaslisted____40____anationalintangibleculturalheritagein2008.Strawweavingisatime-consumingprocessthatcantakeweeks,____41____evenmonths,tocomplete.Later,industrialgoodshavetaken____42____placeofsuchproducts,whichmakelowprofits,andthereareonlyabout100individuals____43____(involve)intheworkacrossthecountry.“Theworldhaschanged,andcraftsmenneedtooversteppracticalityandpursuethebeautyandartistryofstrawculture____44____(help)thecraftsurviveandthrive,”Wusays.Fromherviewpoint,strawweavingshouldrespondtopeople’sneedsandpreferences,whilestill____45____(draw)inspirationfromtraditionalculture.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.上周五晚上你校邀请了一位心理学专家做了一个主题为“珍爱生命，直面挫折”的心理健康讲座活动。请你为学校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动概况；3.活动影响。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。CherishingLifeandFacingChallenges ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasChristmasEvemorning,andIawokewithamission:tofindmylostcat,Baby-Girl.Theicyrainwasbeatingagainstthewindows.IsaidaprayerforBaby-Girl.Ithadbeensixmonthssinceshe’dgonemissing,butIstillhadfaith.Itwastheseasonformiracles,afterall!Thatsummer,mysweetcatdisappearedfrommyparents’house.ShehadbeenstayingwiththemwhileIwasbetweenapartments.IlivedandworkedinWashingtonDCthen.Baby-Girlhadgotoutofmyparents’housethreedaysbeforeIwasflewbackhometopickherup.DadandIspentthatentirevisitsearchingforher.Dadwasthefamily’s“realist”,meaninghewasalwaystryingtopreparemefortheworst.“She’seitherbeenhitbyacarorbeentakeninbysomeonewhofoundher,”hesaid.Dadalwayssupportedme,buthewassouncertain.Baby-GirlhadbeenastraycatwhenIfoundher.ThoughIcouldn’texplainit,IknewI’dseeheragain,evenafterIreturnedtoWashingtonDCwithoutherandtheweeksstretchedintomonths,deepdownIhadthisfeelingthatwe’dbereunited.Nowhomeagainfortheholidays,Iwasdeterminedtopickupmysearch.IgrabbedBaby-Girl’scatcarrierandloadeditintothecar,thenaskedmydadtodrivemetotheshelter,hopingI’dfindherthere.“Sharon,youhavetoberealistic,”Dadsaidasweheadedtothegarage.“She’sbeengonetoolong.You’renotgoingtofindher.”“Well,Ijusthaveafeeling,”Isaid.Dadraisedaneyebrowasheclimbedintothedriver’sseat.“Don’tyoubelieveinChristmasmiracles?”Iasked.“Bahhumbug,”hesaid.ItwashisfavoriteChristmassayingandaninsidejokeinourfamily.Heevenhadashirtwithdecorationsacrossthefront,whichheworeeveryChristmasmorning.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Attheshelter,thewomanatthefrontdeskgreetedmydadwarmly.“Hi,Mr.Dillon!Stilllookingforyourcat?” ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Backhome,therestofthefamilywelcomedBaby-Girl.Dadremainedstubbornlyuncertain.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2024届高三年级2月份大联考英语试题全卷满分120分。考试用时100分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A2024HotList:TheBestNewRestaurantsintheWorldRestaurantsaresomeofthemostamazingdestinationsaroundthewholeworld.Herearesomeofthebestforyoutohaveauniqueeatingexperience.PlacedesFêtes—NewYorkCityThisfamouswinebarprovidesaspotwithararesweetandwarmatmosphere.Fordatenight,gotothebarwithviewsoftheopenkitchen,orfillupthelargetableinthebackwithagroupandtastetheentire20-itemmenu.Eitherway,donotmissthefamousmushroomsoup.LeDoyenné—Saint-Vrain,FranceAustralianchefsJamesHenryandShaunKellytransformedtheformerstables（马厩）ofa19th-centuryprivateestate（庄园）intoaworkingfarm,restaurant,andguesthousedrivenbytheprinciplesofregenerativeagriculture.Morethanonehundredvarietiesoffruits,vegetables,andherbsmaketheirwayintoHenry’scookingafterbeingcarefullynurturedbyKelly.MiCompaChava—MexicoCitySeafoodisahangovercureinMexico,andalmosteveryoneeatinghereisdevotedtofixinglastnight’sdamagefromdrunkennessandgettingaheadstartoncreatingtoday’s.Onthesidewalk,crowdsoflocalsand touristsalikelineupforfishermanSalvadorOrozco’screativetakesonSinaloaandBajaseafood.Anythingfromtherawhalfofthemenuisasurebet,thoughcookeddisheslikefishcanhelpfilloutameal.Vilas—BangkokCanadishinspiredbyaSpanishrecipeusingJapaneseingredients（原料）stillbeconsideredThai?ForChefPrinPolsuk,oneofBangkok’smostfamousThaichefs,itmostcertainlycan.Athislatestrestaurant,asmalldiningroomatthebaseofBangkok’slandmarkKingPowerMahanakhonTower,hedrawsinspirationfromKingChulalongkorn’s1897journeyaroundEuropeandtheforeigningredientsandcookingtechniquesheaddedtotheroyalcookbooks.1.Whichofthefollowingrestaurantsfollowstheprincipleofregenerativeagriculture?A.PlacedesFêtes.B.LeDoyenné.C.MiCompaChava.D.Vilas.2.WhatdoesthefishermanSalvadorOrozcospecializein?A.Deliciousseafoodsoup.B.Distinctforeignflavors.C.Innovativeseafoodcooking.D.Atreatmentfordrunkenness.3.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Atravelmagazine.B.Ascientificreport.C.Anadvertisement.D.Atextbook.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了全球四个城市中的最佳新餐厅，并对每个餐厅的特色、环境和提供的菜品进行了详细描述，旨在为读者提供旅行时餐饮选择的参考和推荐。1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“LeDoyenné—Saint-Vrain,France”部分中的“AustralianchefsJamesHenryandShaunKellytransformedtheformerstables（马厩）ofa19th-centuryprivateestate（庄园）intoaworkingfarm,restaurant,andguesthousedrivenbytheprinciplesofregenerativeagriculture.(澳大利亚厨师JamesHenry和ShaunKelly在可再生农业原则的推动下，将一座19世纪私人庄园的前马厩改造成了一个工作农场、餐厅和宾馆。)”可知，LeDoyenné遵循再生农业的原则。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“MiCompaChava—MexicoCity”部分中的“Onthesidewalk,crowdsoflocalsandtouristsalikelineupforfishermanSalvadorOrozco’screativetakesonSinaloaandBajaseafood.Anythingfromtherawhalfofthemenuisasurebet,thoughcookeddisheslikefishcanhelpfilloutameal.( 在人行道上，当地人和游客都排起长队，等待渔夫SalvadorOrozco为他们带来创新的锡那罗州和下加利福尼亚州海鲜。从菜单的生食部分点任何菜品都是稳赚不赔的选择，尽管像鱼这样的熟食也可以帮助完成一餐。)”可知，渔民SalvadorOrozco擅长创新烹饪海鲜。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Restaurantsaresomeofthemostamazingdestinationsaroundthewholeworld.Herearesomeofthebestforyoutohaveauniqueeatingexperience.(餐厅是世界上最令人惊叹的目的地之一。这里有一些最好的让你有一个独特的饮食体验。)”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了全球四个城市中的最佳新餐厅，并对每个餐厅的特色、环境和提供的菜品进行了详细描述，旨在为读者提供旅行时餐饮选择的参考和推荐。这种类型的文章通常出现在旅游杂志、在线旅游平台或餐饮指南中，帮助读者在旅行中享受美食体验。故选A。BRecently,asetofvideoclips(片段)featuringamanshowcasingumbrellaswithvariouscreativedesignshasgoneviralontheInternet,evenspreadingoverseasandattractingforeignnetizenswiththeunimaginable“Chinesecreativity”,CCTVnewsreported.Intheclips,thereareshininglaser(激光)reflectiveumbrellastodispeldarkness,umbrellaswithfloor-lengthplasticcurtainstopreventone’sclothesfromgettingwet,twinumbrellasspeciallydesignedforcouplesandmanyothers.Allofthemaremadebythemanintheclips,LeiPenglin.38-year-oldLeihasoperatedanumbrellafactoryinShaoxing,ZhejiangProvince.Netizensaffectionatelycallhim“uncle”duetohisperformancesintheclips.In2014,Leiestablishedhisownfactory.Atfirst,hisfactoryreceivedthousandsoforders.However,asthecompetitionintensified,Leihadtoexplorenewopportunities.Hefoundthatcreativeanduniqueproductsalwaysstoodout.Therefore,Leistartedtoinfusecreativeideasintotheproductsand,in2022,hisumbrellawithanattachedflashlightgainedpopularity.“Consumerspursuepersonalizedproducts.Sotheumbrellashavetofunctionasdecorationsasidefromjustpreventingsunshineandrain,”Leisaid.Inthecommentsectionoftheproductvideos,Leinoticedaninterestingrequestwithmanylikes,suggestingtohimtomakeareflectiveumbrellaforwalkinginthedark.Followingtheadvice,Leicreatedthe“laserreflectiveumbrella”,sellingover70,000unitsonceuponrelease.Fromthenon,Leistartedtoattachgreatimportancetocommentstoabsorbnewideas.Presently,Leispendsseveralhoursreadingcommentseveryday.“Basically300to500commentsaday,Iwillreadandreplytothemallbymyself.OnlybycarefullyobservingcanIknoweveryone’sneed,andsolvetheafter-sellingproblemsontime,”hesaid.Severalproductsdevelopedbasedonthecommentshavebeenonshelf.“Almostalltheumbrellasmadesofarcanbesold;nonehavesufferedloss,”Leiintroduced. Inthefuture,LeihopestomakesomeChinese-styleumbrellasthatcanbepairedwithHan-styleclothing.“IwanttotrysomethingnewandalsoadvocateforourChineseculture,”Leiadded.4.WhatisthefeatureofLei’sumbrellas?A.Conventional.B.Innovative.C.Unimaginative.D.Durable.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infuse”inparagraph3mean?A.Divide.B.Burst.C.Integrate.D.Emerge.6.WhatisLei’sattitudetowardshisfuturecareer?A.Uncertain.B.Indifferent.C.Dissatisfied.D.Optimistic.7.WhatcontributesmosttoLei’ssuccessaccordingtotheauthor?A.Promotinghisproductsthroughsocialmedia.B.Payingattentiontocustomers’commentsandneeds.C.Seekinguniquenesstocompetewithotherproducers.D.Addingelementsoftraditionalculturetohisproducts.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了雷鹏琳设计出创意雨伞，销量很好，并在社交媒体上走红的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Recently,asetofvideoclips(片段)featuringamanshowcasingumbrellaswithvariouscreativedesignshasgoneviralontheInternet(最近，一组视频在网上疯传，视频中一名男子展示了各种创意设计的雨伞)”可知，雷设计的雨伞很有创意。故选B项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Hefoundthatcreativeanduniqueproductsalwaysstoodout.(他发现有创意和独特的产品总是脱颖而出)”和下文“in2022,hisumbrellawithanattachedflashlightgainedpopularity(2022年，他设计的带手电筒的雨伞大受欢迎)”可知，雷先是发现了有创意和独特的雨伞才能脱颖而出，后来他设计出有创意的雨伞。由此可知，他是把有创意的想法“融入”到了产品中，画线词意思应该是“融入”，与integrate意思相近。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inthefuture,LeihopestomakesomeChinese-styleumbrellasthatcanbepairedwithHan-styleclothing.“IwanttotrysomethingnewandalsoadvocateforourChineseculture,”Leiadded.( 在未来，雷希望制作一些可以与汉服搭配的中国风雨伞。“我想尝试一些新的东西，也想倡导我们的中国文化，”雷补充道)”可知，雷在未来想尝试中国风雨伞，倡导中国文化。由此推知，他对自己未来的事业持乐观态度。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Fromthenon,Leistartedtoattachgreatimportancetocommentstoabsorbnewideas.(从那时起，雷开始非常重视评论，吸收新的想法)”和第五段中雷所说的话“Basically300to500commentsaday,Iwillreadandreplytothemallbymyself.OnlybycarefullyobservingcanIknoweveryone’sneed,andsolvetheafter-sellingproblemsontime(基本上每天300到500条评论，我都会自己阅读和回复。只有仔细观察，才能了解每个人的需求，及时解决售后问题)”可推知，雷的成功很大程度上应归功于他非常重视顾客的评价和需求，从而设计出让顾客满意的产品。故选B项。CFountainsoflavaeruptedfromtheSundhnúkurvolcanicsysteminsouthwestIcelandonJanuary14th,2024.Lavaflowswelledupfromanewgap,attackingthesuburbsofGrindavíkwithatleastthreehousesintheirpathburntdown.Nearby,constructionvehiclesthathadbeenworkingforweekstobuildlargeearthendamsinanattempttodivert(使转向)thelava’sflowhadtopullback.Lavaissubjecttogravitylikeotherfluids,soitwillflowdownalongapathofsteepestdescent(斜坡).Withthetemperatureofitsmoltenrockoftenwellabove1,000degreesCelsius,notmuchcanstandinitsway.Humanshavetriedmanywaystostoplavainthepast,fromattemptingtofreezeitinplacebycoolingitwithseawater,tousingexplosivestocutoffitssupply.However,noattemptwassuccessful.Mostrecenteffortshavefocusedinsteadonbuildingdamsinanattempttodivertthelava’sflowtowardadifferentpathofsteepestdescentintoadifferent“lavashed,”wherelavawouldnaturallyflow.Resultshavebeenmixed,butdiversioncanbesuccessfulifthelavaflowcanbeclearlydivertedintoadistinctareawherelavawouldnaturallyflow—withoutthreateningadifferentcommunityintheprocess.Manyattemptstodivertlavahavefailed,however.BarriersbuiltinItalytostopMt.Etna’slavaflowsin1992slowedtheflow,butthelavaeventuallyovertoppedeachone.DivertinglavainGrindavíkisdifficult,inpartbecausethelandaroundGrindavíkisrelativelyflat,makingithardertoidentifyaclearalternativepathofsteepestdescentforredirectingthelava.IcelandicofficialsreportedonJanuary15ththatmostofthelavafromthemainfissurehadflowedalongtheoutsidethebarrier,howeveranewgaphadalsoopenedinsidetheperimeter(外围),sendinglavaintoaneighborhood.Unfortunately,thatimpliesthatGrindavíkremainsatrisk. 8.WhatdoweknowaboutthelavaeruptingfromtheSundhnúkurvolcanicsystem?A.ItseverelyaffectedthedowntownareaofGrindavík.B.Itforcedtheconstructionoflargeearthendamstosuspend.C.Itwassuccessfullyredirectedbytheearthenbarriers:D.Itcompletelyburiedaresidentialarea.9.Howmanywaysarementionedtostopthelava?A.Five.B.Four.C.Three.D.Two.10ThelavaflowinGrindavíkremainsariskbecause________.A.thelavahasdestroyedmanybuildingsB.thereisnosuitabledamtodivertthelavaC.thelandaroundGrindavíkisrelativelyflatD.thelavahasalreadyenteredapopulatedarea11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howearthenbarrierfunctions.B.Whatcanbedonetopreventlava.C.Whyvolcaniclavaissohardtostop.D.WhatlavahasbroughtaboutinIceland.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火山熔岩为何如此难以阻止。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Nearby,constructionvehiclesthathadbeenworkingforweekstobuildlargeearthendamsinanattempttodivertthelava’sflowhadtopullback.(在附近，几个星期来一直在建造大型土坝以试图转移熔岩流的施工车辆不得不撤退。)”可知,大型土坝的建设因岩浆的喷发而暂停。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Humanshavetriedmanywaystostoplavainthepast,fromattemptingtofreezeitinplacebycoolingitwithseawater,tousingexplosivestocutoffitssupply.However,noattemptwassuccessful.(过去，人类曾尝试过许多方法来阻止熔岩，从试图用海水冷却来冻结它，到使用炸药来切断它的供应。然而，没有一次尝试成功。)”以及第三段“Mostrecenteffortshavefocusedinsteadonbuildingdamsinanattempttodivertthelava’sflowtowardadifferentpathofsteepestdescent,intoadifferent“lavashed,”wherelava wouldnaturallyflow.(最近的努力都集中在建造水坝上，试图将熔岩流转向另一条最陡峭的路径，进入另一个熔岩自然流动的地方。)”可知，目前为止共提到了三种阻挡火山熔岩的办法。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“IcelandicofficialsreportedonJanuary15ththatmostofthelavafromthemainfissurehadflowedalongtheoutsidethebarrier,howeveranewgaphadalsoopenedinsidetheperimeter(外围),sendinglavaintoaneighborhood.Unfortunately,thatimpliesthatGrindavíkremainsatrisk.(冰岛官员在1月15日报告说，大部分从主裂缝流出的熔岩沿着屏障外流动，然而在屏障内也出现了一个新的裂缝，熔岩流入了附近地区。不幸的是，这意味着Grindavík仍然处于危险之中。)”可知，Grindavík之所以处于危险之中是因为熔岩的侵入已经威胁到了居民区。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Withthetemperatureofitsmoltenrockoftenwellabove1,000degreesCelsius,notmuchcanstandinitsway.Humanshavetriedmanywaystostoplavainthepast,fromattemptingtofreezeitinplacebycoolingitwithseawater,tousingexplosivestocutoffitssupply.However,noattemptwassuccessful.(由于其熔融岩石的温度通常远高于1000摄氏度，没有什么能阻挡它。过去，人类曾尝试过许多方法来阻止熔岩，从试图用海水冷却来冻结它，到使用炸药来切断它的供应。然而，没有一次尝试成功。)”并通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了为什么火山熔岩难以阻止。故选C。DAtancientsitesacrosstheAmazonRiverbasin,mysteriousplotsofunusuallyrichsoildot(点缀)thelandscape.Scientistshavelongdebatedtheoriginofthis“darkearth”,whichisdarkerincolorthansurroundingsoilsandricherincarbon.Somepeoplethinkthisdarkearthformednaturally,butthelatestresearchhasshownthatmodernKuikuropeopleinBrazilcreatesimilarsoilaroundtheirvillagesonpurpose,whichaddsevidencetotheideathatlong-agoAmazonsdeliberatelymadesuchsoiltoo.Perron,anearthscientistatMIT,reviewedinterviewsofKuikuropeopleconductedbyaKuikurofilmmakerin2018andfoundthatKuikurovillagersactivelymakedarkearthbyusingash,foodbitsandcontrolledburns.“Whenyouplantinhillyland,thesoilisweak,”explainedelderKanuKuikuroinoneoftheinterviews.Thatiswhywethrowtheash,maniocpeelingsandmaniocpulp.Whencomparingsoilsamplesfromancientandmodernsites,researchersfound“strikingsimilarities”—bothwerefarlessacidicthansurroundingsoilsandcontainedhigherlevelsofplant-friendlynutrients.Analysesalsorevealedthatdarkearthholdstwicetheamountofcarbonassurroundingsoilsonaverage.Scans(扫描)oftheXinguregionsuggestthattheareaisdottedwithdarkearth,andthatholdasmuchasabout9milliontonsofcarbon—theannualcarbonemissionsofasmall,industrializedcountry.“ThisnumbercouldroughlyequaltheannualcarbonemissionsoftheUnitedStateswhenalldarkearthacrosstheAmazonistakenintoconsideration,” Perronsays.FiguringoutthetruevalueofcarbonstoredintheAmazon’sdarkearthwillrequiremoredata.Still,theresearchhassignificantinfluencesontheAmazon’sfuture.ThetechniquehighlightshowancientpeoplewereabletoliveintheAmazonbydevelopingsustainablefarmingthatdoubledasacarbon-storingtechnique.Withmoreandmoregreenhousegasesenteringtheatmosphere,itcouldalsoprovideablueprintfordevelopingmethodsofsustainablylockingatmosphericcarboninthesoil,helpingfightclimatechange.12.WhatcanweinferfromthedarkearthacrosstheAmazonRiverbasin?A.Theyaremoreacidicthansurroundingsoils.B.Theycontainmoreorganicnutrients.C.Theyformednaturally.D.Theycontainlesscarbon.13.WhydoestheauthormentiontheannualcarbonemissionsoftheUS?A.Toexplainthedifficultyofprotectingdarkearth.B.ToshowthewidedistributionofdarkearthinAmazon.C.Tostressthehugecarbon-storingcapabilityofdarkearth.D.TorevealthelargecarbonemissionsoftheUnitedStates.14.Whatdoestheauthorstressinthelastparagraph?A.Theimportanceofdevelopingsustainablefarming.B.Theadvancedfarmingtechnologyinancienttomes.C.Apossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.D.Awayofgreenagriculture.15.Whichisthebesttitleofthetext?A.UrgencyofSustainableDevelopmentB.FactsAbouttheDarkEarthC.AdvantagesoftheDarkEarthD.WisdomofAncientAmazons【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马逊黑土地的形成和功能。黑土地是人为形成的，而非自然现象。同时黑土地极强的碳吸附能力对于对抗全球气候变化有一定作用。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Perron,anearthscientistatMIT,reviewedinterviewsofKuikuropeopleconductedbyaKuikurofilmmakerin2018andfoundthatKuikurovillagersactivelymakedarkearthbyusingash,foodbitsandcontrolled burns.(麻省理工学院的地球科学家Perron回顾了2018年Kuikuro电影制作人对Kuikuro人的采访，发现Kuikuro村民通过使用灰烬、食物碎片和控制燃烧积极地制造黑暗的土地)”及“Whencomparingsoilsamplesfromancientandmodernsites,researchersfound“strikingsimilarities”—bothwerefarlessacidicthansurroundingsoilsandcontainedhigherlevelsofplant-friendlynutrients.(在比较古代和现代遗址的土壤样本时，研究人员发现了“惊人的相似之处”——两者的酸性都远低于周围土壤，并且含有更高水平的植物友好营养物质)”可知，黑土地富含更多的利于植物成长的营养物质，也就是有机营养成分。故选B。2.推理判断题。根据第二段“Scans(扫描)oftheXinguregionsuggestthattheareaisdottedwithdarkearth,andthatholdasmuchasabout9milliontonsofcarbon—theannualcarbonemissionsofasmall,industrializedcountry.“ThisnumbercouldroughlyequaltheannualcarbonemissionsoftheUnitedStateswhenalldarkearthacrosstheAmazonistakenintoconsideration,”Perronsays.(对新古地区的扫描表明，该地区散布着暗土，其中含有约900万吨碳——相当于一个小型工业化国家的年碳排放量。Perron说：“这个数字大致相当于美国每年的碳排放量，如果把整个亚马逊地区的黑色土壤都考虑在内的话。”)”可知，这个地区的黑土地可以吸附的碳数量相当于一个小型工业化国家的碳排量。由此可推知，作者提到了美国每年的碳排放量，是为了强调黑土地巨大的碳储存能力。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Withmoreandmoregreenhousegasesenteringtheatmosphere,itcouldalsoprovideablueprintfordevelopingmethodsofsustainablylockingatmosphericcarboninthesoil,helpingfightclimatechange.(随着越来越多的温室气体进入大气，它也可以为开发可持续地将大气碳锁定在土壤中的方法提供蓝图，帮助应对气候变化)”可知，黑土地极强的碳吸附能力为对抗全球气候变化提供了可能的解决方案。故选C。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Perron,anearthscientistatMIT,reviewedinterviewsofKuikuropeopleconductedbyaKuikurofilmmakerin2018andfoundthatKuikurovillagersactivelymakedarkearthbyusingash,foodbitsandcontrolledburns.(麻省理工学院的地球科学家Perron回顾了2018年Kuikuro电影制作人对Kuikuro人的采访，发现Kuikuro村民通过使用灰烬、食物碎片和控制燃烧积极地制造黑暗的土地)”及文章第二段描述“黑土地极强的碳吸附能力”和第三段“黑土地为对抗全球气候变化提供了可能的解决方案”可知，本文主要介绍了关于黑土地的一些信息，由此可推知，B项“关于黑土地的事实”最适合作文章标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Secondplaceisjustthefirstloser.”isawell-knownsayingfromtheNASCARchampionDaleEarnhardt.Wemaynotwantotherstoknowourthoughts,butmanyofusthinkthisway,becauseweareborntocompete witheachother.____16____Fortunately,thereisawaytosolvethisproblem:insteadofalwaysgoingforgold,aimforthebronze.ToexpandonthewisdomofEarnhardt,althoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser,thirdplacecanbetherealwinner,atleastwhenitcomestohappinessandlongevity.A1995studydiscoveredthatbronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethansilvermedalists,whileanotherresearchin2018studiedUSathletesintheOlympicsfrom1904to1936andfoundthatthosewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72onaverage.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbylivingto76.____17________18____Silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheycomparethemselvesonlywiththechampions.Incontrast,thebronzewinnerscomparedownwardswiththosewhohavenevermadeitontothepodiumatall.____19____Theemotionshowsupinimprovedhealthandlongevity.Theworldlyhappinessstrategyofworkingforgoldeverydayisfoolish.Stopspendingmostofyourtimefeelinglikeasilvermedalist:alwayspursuingandrelyingyourhappinessonasingleoutcome.____20____A.Butthefirstprizewenttothebronzewinners,wholivedto78.B.Therefore,theyfeelbetteraboutthemselvesandthus,happier.C.However,ifleftuncontrolled,thiscancreateconflictsbetweenourselvesandothers.D.Thesocialconceptsofupwardanddownwardcomparisonhelpexplainthedifference.E.Thecomparisonisnotfromafeelingofillwill,butbecauserewardsinlifearerelative.F.Comparingourselveswiththeunluckyisareliabletechniqueforreducinganegativemood.G.Rather,aimforhealthycompetitionswhereyoudoyourbestwithoutexpectingtobetheabsolutewinner.【答案】16.C17.A18.D19.B20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么比赛的第三名获得者才是真正的赢家。【16题详解】根据上文“Wemaynotwantotherstoknowourthoughts,butmanyofusthinkthisway,becauseweareborntocompetewitheachother.(我们可能不想让别人知道我们的想法，但我们中的许多人都这样想，因为我们生来就是为了相互竞争)”以及下文“Fortunately,thereisawaytosolvethisproblem:insteadofalwaysgoingforgold,aimforthebronze.(幸运的是，有一种方法可以解决这个问题：不要总是追求金牌，而是要以铜牌为目标)”可推知，我们互相竞争会产生问题。C项“然而，如果不加以控制，这可能会导致我们和他人发生冲突。”符合语境。故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“A1995studydiscoveredthatbronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethansilver medalists,whileanotherresearchin2018studiedUSathletesintheOlympicsfrom1904to1936andfoundthatthosewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72onaverage.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbylivingto76.(1995年的一项研究发现，铜牌获得者似乎比银牌获得者平均更快乐，而2018年的另一项研究调查了1904年至1936年参加奥运会的美国运动员，发现那些最好成绩是银牌的人平均寿命为72岁。金牌得主可以活到76岁)”可知，第三名应该是最长寿的。A项“但寿命最长的是铜牌得主，他们活到了78岁。”符合语境。故选A。【18题详解】根据下文“Silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheycomparethemselvesonlywiththechampions.Incontrast,thebronzewinnerscomparedownwardswiththosewhohavenevermadeitontothepodiumatall.(银牌获得者认为自己是第一个失败者，因为他们只把自己和冠军比较。相比之下，铜牌获得者向下与那些从未登上领奖台的人比较)”可知，他们的不同的社会概念导致了这种差异。D项“向上比较和向下比较的社会概念有助于解释这种差异。”符合题意。故选D。【19题详解】根据上文“Incontrast,thebronzewinnerscomparedownwardswiththosewhohavenevermadeitontothepodiumatall.(相比之下，铜牌获得者向下与那些从未登上领奖台的人比较)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出铜牌获得者更幸福和长寿的原因，B选项“因此，他们自我感觉更好，因此更快乐，”符合语境。且下文中的“Theemotion”与B选项中的“happier”相呼应。故选B。【20题详解】根据上文“Theworldlyhappinessstrategyofworkingforgoldeverydayisfoolish.Stopspendingmostofyourtimefeelinglikeasilvermedalist:alwayspursuingandrelyingyourhappinessonasingleoutcome.(每天为金钱而工作的世俗幸福策略是愚蠢的。不要把你的大部分时间都花在感觉自己像个银牌得主上：总是追求并依赖于一个单一的结果来获得你的幸福)”可知，上文提到“不要把你的大部分时间都花在感觉自己像个银牌得主上：总是追求并依赖于一个单一的结果来获得你的幸福”，故本句是在说明竞争的正确方式和心态。故G项“相反，你应该以健康地竞争为目标，尽你最大的努力，而不是期望成为绝对的赢家。”符合语境。故选G。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ashoka,anassociationfoundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughttoendpoverty(贫困)andsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthy____21____,Ashokaprovidesmoneytosolveurgentproblemsworldwide. Draytonemphasizestheimportantthingistosimplygiveyourself____22____.Ifyouseeaproblem,youcanhelpsolveit.Theyoung____23____arewillingto____24____thisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy,healthyand____25____adult.Infact,itismanyyoungpeople’s____26____tosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka,whicheffectivelyhandledthe____27____problemthecityencountered,andprovidedanincomeforlocalfarmersthere.WhenMasqsoodandIftekharfromAshokabegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka’sstreets,____28____ratsanddisease,theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorthereto____29____methodstocompost(堆肥)thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhavea_____30_____fortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwith_____31_____chemicalfertilisers(化肥).Atfirst,theywere_____32_____,butoncetheywereableto_____33_____themthattherewasmoneytobemade,theproject_____34_____.In2009saleswere$14,000.Draytonis_____35_____thatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious,practicalprogressinbringingaboutsocialchangebychangingthewaywelookateconomicdevelopment.21.A.plansB.causesC.attemptsD.events22.A.rightB.confidenceC.permissionD.praise23.A.inparticularB.infactC.onpurposeD.inturn24.A.avoidB.declineC.acceptD.appreciate25.A.professionalB.generousC.contributingD.innocent26.A.ambitionB.definitionC.adviceD.purpose27.A.waterB.resourceC.rubbishD.traffic28.A.attackingB.chargingC.countingD.inviting29.A.employB.createC.leaveD.send30.A.hopeB.marketC.desireD.way31.A.expensiveB.effectiveC.affordableD.profitable32.A.refusedB.recognisedC.confusedD.surprised33.A.permitB.orderC.adviseD.persuade34.A.setoffB.tookoffC.pickedupD.putup35.A.uncertainB.doubtfulC.pessimisticD.optimistic【答案】21.B22.B23.A24.C25.C26.A27.C28.D29.A30.B31.A32.A33.D34.B35.D 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了BillDrayton创立了Ashoka协会，提供资金来解决世界各地的紧急问题。Drayton强调自信的重要性，认为每个人都有解决问题的能力，而且年轻人尤其希望通过建立改善社会的项目或企业来做出贡献。文章以在达卡启动的一个项目为例，讲述了Masqsood和Iftekhar两人如何有效地解决垃圾问题，并为当地农民提供收入。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了支持这些有价值的事业，Ashoka提供资金来解决世界各地的紧急问题。A.plans计划；B.causes事业；C.attempts尝试；D.events事件。根据上文“Ashoka,anassociationfoundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughttoendpoverty(贫困)andsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.”可知，此处指上一句中消除贫困和疾病、促进教育、鼓励小企业发展这些有价值的事业。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Drayton强调，重要的是要给自己信心。A.right权利；B.confidence自信；C.permission许可；D.praise赞扬。根据下文“Ifyouseeaproblem,youcanhelpsolveit.”可知，如果你看到一个问题，你可以帮助解决它，这个概念表现的是对自己能力的信心。故选B。【23题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个年轻人尤其愿意接受这个概念，因为每个孩子内心都想成长为一个快乐、健康和有贡献的成年人。A.inparticular尤其；B.infact实际上；C.onpurpose故意；D.inturn反过来。根据上文“Ifyouseeaproblem,youcanhelpsolveit.”可知，上一句已经介绍了这个概念，此处应该是进一步介绍Drayton对这个概念的态度，应用inparticular“尤其”强调他这个态度的程度。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人尤其愿意接受这个概念，因为每个孩子内心都想成长为一个快乐、健康和有贡献的成年人。A.avoid避免；B.decline拒绝；C.accept接受；D.appreciate感谢。根据下文“becauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy,healthyand____5____adult”可知，每个孩子内心想成为快乐、健康的成年人，他们会想帮助他人，因此Drayton会很愿意接受这个概念。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人尤其愿意接受这个概念，因为每个孩子内心都想成长为一个快乐、健康和有贡献的成年人。A.professional专业的；B.generous慷慨的；C.contributing贡献的；D.innocent无辜的。根据下文“Infact,itismanyyoungpeople’s____6____tosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.”可知，许多年轻人想建立改善社会状况的项目或企业，因此是成为有贡献的成年人。故选C。【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，许多年轻人的抱负是建立改善社会状况的项目或企业。A.ambition抱负；B.definition定义；C.advice建议；D.purpose目的。根据下文“tosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions”可推知，建立改善社会状况的项目或企业应该是年轻人想实现的远大抱负。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个很好的例子是1995年在达卡启动的Ashoka项目，它有效地解决了城市遇到的垃圾问题，并为当地农民提供了收入。A.water水；B.resource资源；C.rubbish垃圾；D.traffic交通。根据下文“WhenMasqsoodandIftekharfromAshokabegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka’sstreets”可知，这个项目解决的是城市遇到的垃圾问题。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当来自Ashoka的Masqsood和Iftekhar开始研究达卡街道上所有未收集的垃圾招致老鼠和疾病的问题时，他们发现其中80%是自然废弃物。A.attacking攻击；B.charging收费；C.counting计数；D.inviting招致。根据上文“alltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka’sstreets”可推知，街道上未收集的垃圾会招致老鼠和疾病。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他们教育那里的穷人使用堆肥的方法。A.employ使用；B.create创建；C.leave离开；D.send发送。根据上文“80%ofitwasnaturalwaste”和下文“methodstocompost(堆肥)thiswaste”可推知，他们教育穷人使用堆肥的方法来处理这些自然废弃物。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们知道最终产品会有市场，因为当地农民正在为昂贵的化肥而苦苦挣扎。A.hope希望；B.market市场；C.desire愿望；D.way方式。根据下文“In2009saleswere$14,000.”可知，这些产品销售地很好，因此是知道最终产品会有市场。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们知道最终产品会有市场，因为当地农民正在为昂贵的化肥而苦苦挣扎。A.expensive昂贵的；B.effective有效的；C.affordable负担得起的；D.profitable有盈利的。根据上文“thepoor”和“werestrugglingwith”可推知，贫穷的当地农民因为昂贵的化肥而苦苦挣扎。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，他们被拒绝了，但一旦他们能够说服他们有钱可赚，这个项目突然开始成功了。A.refused拒绝；B.recognised认出；C.confused使困惑；D.surprised使惊讶。根据下文“butoncetheywereableto____13____themthattherewasmoneytobemade”可知，后来事情发生了转机，由此推知，一开始他们提出的想法应该是被当地农民拒绝了。故选A。 【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，他们被拒绝了，但一旦他们能够说服他们有钱可赚，这个项目突然开始成功了。A.permit允许；B.order命令；C.advise劝告；D.persuade说服。根据下文“thattherewasmoneytobemade”可推知，他们应该是要说服当地的农民使用堆肥的方法可以赚钱，从而解决街道上的垃圾问题。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：起初，他们被拒绝了，但一旦他们能够说服他们有钱可赚，这个项目突然开始成功了。A.setoff出发；B.tookoff突然开始成功；C.pickedup捡起；D.putup搭建。根据下文“In2009saleswere$14,000.”可知，产品销售地很好，因此项目突然开始成功了。故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Drayton乐观地认为，十年内Ashoka将通过改变我们看待经济发展的方式，在带来社会变革方面取得真正严肃、实际的进展。A.uncertain不确定的；B.doubtful怀疑的；C.pessimistic悲观的；D.optimistic乐观的。根据上文“Ifyouseeaproblem,youcanhelpsolveit.”可知，Drayton是一个相信人们可以解决问题的人，因此会乐观地认为Ashoka协会可以取得真正严肃、实际的进展。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。What’sthefirstthing____36____comesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofwheatstraw(麦秆)?Mostpeoplewouldprobablyjustseeitasapileofwasteinafarmer’sfield.However,WuCui,anintangible(非物质的)culturalinheritor,canturnthestrawintobeautifulandeye-catching____37____(function)artworks.Theearlieststraw-weavingproducts____38____(discover)atHemuduCulturalRuins,aNeolithicculturalsitelocatedineasternChina’sZhejiangProvince.TheBookofRites,oneoftheclassical____39____(work)ofConfucianism,alsorecordsthattherewerealreadymatsmadeofcattailgrassandprofessionalstraw-weavingcraftsmenduringtheZhouDynasty.Strawweavingwaslisted____40____anationalintangibleculturalheritagein2008.Strawweavingisatime-consumingprocessthatcantakeweeks,____41____evenmonths,tocomplete.Later,industrialgoodshavetaken____42____placeofsuchproducts,whichmakelowprofits,andthereareonlyabout100individuals____43____(involve)intheworkacrossthecountry.“Theworldhaschanged,andcraftsmenneedtooversteppracticalityandpursuethebeautyandartistryofstrawculture____44____(help)thecraftsurviveandthrive,”Wusays.Fromherviewpoint,strawweavingshouldrespondtopeople’sneedsandpreferences,whilestill____45____(draw)inspirationfromtraditionalculture. 【答案】36.that37.functional38.werediscovered39.works40.as41.or42.the43.involved44.tohelp45.drawing【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了草编这一传统工艺，包括草编工艺的历史、复杂的制作过程、工匠越来越少的现状以及未来发展的方向。【36题详解】考查定语从句。句意：当你想到麦秆时，你首先出现在脑海的是什么？分析句子可知，空处应填关系词引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词thing前有序数词first修饰，指代物只能用that。故填that。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，非物质文化传承人吴翠却能把稻草变成美丽夺目的实用艺术品。分析句子可知，空处应用形容词functional“实用的”在句中作定语，修饰名词artworks。故填functional。【38题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：最早的草编产品是在河姆渡文化遗址发现的，这是一个位于中国东部浙江省的新石器时代文化遗址。描述过去的一次性动作，句子应用一般过去时，动词discover与句子主语products构成逻辑上的被动关系，故应用一般过去时被动语态，主语products为复数名词，be动词用were。故填werediscovered。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：儒家经典著作之一的《礼记》也记载，周代已经有蒲草席和专业的草编工匠。oneof后接可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，work“著作”为可数名词。故填works。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：2008年，草编被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。belistedas“被列为”为固定短语。故填as。【41题详解】考查连词。句意：秸秆编织是一个耗时的过程，可能需要数周甚至数月才能完成。分析句子可知，空处应填连词or“或者”，连接weeks和months。故填or。 【42题详解】考查冠词。句意：后来，工业品取代了利润低的此类产品，全国只有大约100人参与这项工作。taketheplaceof“代替”为固定短语。故填the。【43题详解】考查非谓语。句意：后来，工业品取代了利润低的此类产品，全国只有大约100人参与这项工作。beinvolvedin“涉及”为固定短语，作后置定语，省略be即可。故填involved。【44题详解】考查不定式。句意：吴说：“世界已经发生了变化，工匠们需要超越实用性，追求稻草文化的美感和艺术性，以帮助这门技艺生存和发展。”分析句子可知，空处应用动词不定式在句中做目的状语。故填tohelp。【45题详解】考查非谓语。句意：在她看来，草编应该回应人们的需求和喜好，同时仍然从传统文化中汲取灵感。分析句子可知，此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，动词draw与其逻辑主语strawweaving构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用draw的现在分词形式。故填drawing。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.上周五晚上你校邀请了一位心理学专家做了一个主题为“珍爱生命，直面挫折”的心理健康讲座活动。请你为学校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动概况；3.活动影响。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。CherishingLifeandFacingChallenges______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】CherishingLifeandFacingChallengesOurschool,withtheaimofpromotingmentalwellnessamongstudents,hostedatalkon“CherishingLifeand FacingChallenges”byafamouspsychologistlastFriday.Thestudentscrowdedintothelecturehalltogainin-sightsfromtheexpert’sfantastictalk.Sharingpracticaltipsonhowtoidentifyandmanagestress,thepsychologistemphasizedtheimportanceofpositivemindset,andseekingprofessionalhelp.Theimpactofthetalkhasbeenfar-reaching.Manystudentshavefeltmoreequippedtohandletheirmentalhealth.Notonlydidtheeventprovideknowledgebutalsosparkedacampus-wideconversationonmentalwellness,ultimatelycontributingtoamoreinclusivecampuscommunity.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就上周五晚上你校邀请了一位心理学专家做了一个主题为“珍爱生命，直面挫折”的心理健康讲座活动一事，为学校英文报写一篇报道。【详解】1.词汇积累著名的：famous→well-known重要性：importance→significance帮助：help→assistance许多：many→aconsiderableamountof2.句式拓展同义句改写原句：Manystudentshavefeltmoreequippedtohandletheirmentalhealth.拓展句：Asignificantproportionofstudentshavefeltsignificantlymorepreparedandcapableinaddressingtheirmentalwell-being.【点睛】【高分句型1】Sharingpracticaltipsonhowtoidentifyandmanagestress,thepsychologistemphasizedtheimportanceofpositivemindset,andseekingprofessionalhelp.（使用了现在分词作状语）【高分句型2】Notonlydidtheeventprovideknowledgebutalsosparkedacampus-wideconversationonmentalwellness,ultimatelycontributingtoamoreinclusivecampuscommunity.（使用notonly…butalso连接的部分倒装句）第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasChristmasEvemorning,andIawokewithamission:tofindmylostcat,Baby-Girl.Theicyrainwasbeatingagainstthewindows.IsaidaprayerforBaby-Girl.Ithadbeensixmonthssinceshe’dgonemissing,butIstillhadfaith.Itwastheseasonformiracles,afterall!Thatsummer,mysweetcatdisappearedfrommyparents’house.ShehadbeenstayingwiththemwhileIwas betweenapartments.IlivedandworkedinWashingtonDCthen.Baby-Girlhadgotoutofmyparents’housethreedaysbeforeIwasflewbackhometopickherup.DadandIspentthatentirevisitsearchingforher.Dadwasthefamily’s“realist”,meaninghewasalwaystryingtopreparemefortheworst.“She’seitherbeenhitbyacarorbeentakeninbysomeonewhofoundher,”hesaid.Dadalwayssupportedme,buthewassouncertain.Baby-GirlhadbeenastraycatwhenIfoundher.ThoughIcouldn’texplainit,IknewI’dseeheragain,evenafterIreturnedtoWashingtonDCwithoutherandtheweeksstretchedintomonths,deepdownIhadthisfeelingthatwe’dbereunited.Now,homeagainfortheholidays,Iwasdeterminedtopickupmysearch.IgrabbedBaby-Girl’scatcarrierandloadeditintothecar,thenaskedmydadtodrivemetotheshelter,hopingI’dfindherthere.“Sharon,youhavetoberealistic,”Dadsaidasweheadedtothegarage.“She’sbeengonetoolong.You’renotgoingtofindher.”“Well,Ijusthaveafeeling,”Isaid.Dadraisedaneyebrowasheclimbedintothedriver’sseat.“Don’tyoubelieveinChristmasmiracles?”Iasked.“Bahhumbug,”hesaid.ItwashisfavoriteChristmassayingandaninsidejokeinourfamily.Heevenhadashirtwithdecorationsacrossthefront,whichheworeeveryChristmasmorning.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Attheshelter,thewomanatthefrontdeskgreetedmydadwarmly.“Hi,Mr.Dillon!Stilllookingforyourcat?”______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Backhome,therestofthefamilywelcomedBaby-Girl.Dadremainedstubbornlyuncertain.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文Attheshelter,thewomanatthefrontdeskgreetedmydadwarmly.“Hi,Mr.Dillon!Stilllookingforyourcat?”Astaffmembertookustoseethecats.WewerewalkingthroughrowsofcageswhenIheardameow,akittengettingintomyeye.ThinnerasshewasthanIremembered,itwasBaby-Girlallright!Myeyeswellingup withtears,Iopenedthecagedoor.Andshejumpedintomyarms.“Dad!It’sBaby-Girl!”Icried.“There’snoway…”hesaidtohimselfinalowvoice.Wewentthroughthepaper-workandtookherhome.Backhome,therestofthefamilywelcomedBaby-Girl.Dadremainedstubbornlyuncertain.InstantlyBaby-Girlgothome,shemadeherwaytothebasement,whereherlitterboxwaskept.“See,Dad?Howwouldshemadeitthereifshehadn’tbeenherebefore?”Isaidexcitedly.Dadex-pressed50%confidence,“Ifshesitsinherfavoritespotjustlikebefore,I’llbelieveit’sher.”That’sexactlywhatshedidimmediatelythedinnerwasdone.NotuntilthendidDadcompletelybelieveit.Withoutmystrongfaith,Iwouldneverhavefoundher.Thecat’sreturnturnedouttheonlyChristmasmiracle.Thenextday,Dadcamedown-stairs,wearinganewholidayshirtwiththewords:IBelieve!【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的猫Baby-Girl走丢了六个月了，作者决定继续寻找，父亲认为作者找不到猫。最后作者在收容所找到了一只猫，父亲一开始认为不可能是Baby-Girl，结果这只猫的行为表明它就是作者以前的猫Baby-Girl。详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“在收容所，前台的女人热情地和爸爸打招呼。‘嗨，狄龙先生！还在找你的猫吗？’”可知，第一段可描写作者发现了Baby-Girl，带猫回了家。②由第二段首句内容“回到家，家里的其他人都欢迎Baby-Girl。爸爸一直不确定。”可知，第二段可描写父亲不相信这是Baby-Girl，但是猫的种种行为表明它就是Baby-Girl和父亲的感悟。2.续写线索：去收容所——发现Baby-Girl——带Baby-Girl回家——父亲不相信——Baby-Girl行为证明了自己就是Baby-Girl——父亲穿着“我相信”衬衫3.词汇激活行为类①映入眼帘：getintoone’seye/comeintoview②回家：gethome/returnhome③找到：find/getaholdof情绪类①泪流满面：Myeyeswellingupwithtears/Myfacecoveredwithtears②兴奋地：excitedly/withexcitement【点睛】[高分句型1]InstantlyBaby-Girlgothome,shemadeherwaytothebasement,whereherlitterboxwaskept.(运用了Instantly引导的时间状语从句和where引导的非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]That’sexactlywhatshedidimmediatelythedinnerwasdone.(运用了what引导表语从句和 instantly引导的时间状语从句)