上海建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试卷（原卷版）.docx

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上海市建平中学2022学年高一第一学期期末考试英语试题说明：(1)本场考试时间为90分钟，总分100分;(2)请认真答卷，并用规范文字书写。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Azookeeper.B.Apostalworker.C.Ashopassistant.D.Anairportsecurityguard.2.A.Satisfied.B.Disappointed.C.Afraid.D.Apologetic.3.A.Theygotthereatdifferenttime.B.Thewomandidn’tgothere.C.Themanforgotaboutthemeeting.D.Theydidn’tagreeonthemeetingplace.4.A.Herhusbandcouldn’tfindasuitablejob.B.Herhusbandquarreledwiththeirson.C.Shehadanargumentwithherhusband.D.Shehadtostayhomebecauseshewasfired.5.A.Exciting.B.Funny.C.Outdated.D.Terrible.6.A.Atarestaurant.B.Atagrocery.C.Inatheater.D.Onafarm.7.A.Shedoesn’tworkhardenough.B.Sheneverfallsasleepinclass.C.ShehasaJapaneseculturalbackground.D.Herparentsurgehertohavemoresleep.8.A.Takeacourseonsailing.B.Watchsomesailingshows.C.Buythingsneededforsailing.D.Learnaboutsailingfromanapp.9.A.Thebirdsarenotbeautifulenough.B.Thewomanpreferstoteachacattotalk.C.Thebirdsactuallycannotimitatehumanvoice.D.Thewomanwon’thavethebirdsatsuchaprice.第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 10.A.Hedidn’tseethesign.B.Hegotthreeparkingticketsthismonth.C.Herefusedtopayafine.D.Heparkedhiscarthereafterworkinghours.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Hisregularwatertherapy.B.Hisdisabilitytoswimlikeothers.C.Lackofpropertraining.D.Aterribleexperienceinapool.12.A.HewantedtotrainanOlympicchampion.B.HehopedkidslikeZulficcouldlearnswimming.C.Hewantedtoimprovephysicaleducationforkids.D.Theexistingswimmingequipmentwasn’tstandard.13.A.Hewillsooncompeteinaworldgame.B.Hecouldswimtwiceasfastasaverageswimmers.C.HecouldswimthelengthofOlympic-sizedpoolswithhelp.D.Hewonalocalswimmingcompetitionfordisabledpeople.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Acellphone.B.Aleatherwallet.C.Aminicamera.D.Analarmclock.15.A.ItwilltracktheownerwithGPSsystem.B.Itwillcontactbankstostopwithdrawing.C.Analarmwillbesenttothepolicestation.D.Apictureoftheopenerwillbetaken.16.A.Itisamultifunctionalwallet.B.It’sold-fashionedinthisage.C.Itisuniqueinsizeandfunction.D.Itcansendtextmessagesautomatically.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.30%.B.24%.C.96%.D.50%.第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 18.A.Henearlybecameblind.B.Hisvisionbecameevenworse.CHecouldn’tseeverywellatnight.D.Hiseyesweredryforseveralmonths.19.A.Nervous.B.Regretful.C.Painful.D.Relaxed.20.A.Lasersurgeryissafedespiteitssideeffects.B.Twoweeks’homerestisrequiredafterthesurgery.C.Thecostofthesurgeryistoohighforordinarypeople.D.Peoplewithpoorvisionareallgoodcandidatesforthesurgery.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthetwopassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AroadtripOutofallpossibleroadtrips,thebestoneisbycar.Youfinishpacking,puteverythinginsidethecar,sitinsideit,buckleup,lookatyourfriend___1___(sit)nexttoyou,smileand...go!Andthenbeginsthemostwonderfulpartoftheroadtrip.Itisnottheplaceyouareheadingtobutwhatyouseefromtheopenedwindowofthecar___2___matters.Thebestpartiswhenyouleaveyourhomebeforethedawn.Personally,___3___Ilookinthedirectionoftheeast,Iamalwaysamazedbyhowthesuninformstheworldaboutitsarrival.Ilovetomeetthesunwhiledrivingaroadtripinacar.___4___(bring)aliveinthenewsunlight,everythinglookspromising.Italwaysseemsasifitwasthefirsttimeinyourlifethatyouhadseenagreenleaflet,thetrees,___5___grewrightnexttoyourcarwindow,andalightsmilingoverthenature.Springandautumnaretwoseasonsoftheyearthatareperfectforaroadtrip.Inmyopinion,springisthemostinspiringtimeoftheyear,___6___whenyouopenthecarwindows,youcanactuallyfeelthattheworldiscleanandreadyforanewlife.Thegreengrassissofreshthatyoucan’twait___7___(take)adeepbreath.Theairisfilledwithafragrantsmelloftheplants.Aroadtripinautumnisbeautiful,too.Thegoldenbrushtouches___8___aroundthegardens,thefields,thegroves,thewoods.Indeepautumn,thewholeearth___9___(cover)bycolorfulplantsasifyouweredrivingthroughafinecarpet.Theairissharp,coolandfresh.Yousimplyputonawarmersweaterbutneverputthewindowup!Aroadtripformeisthemomentofcommunicationwithnature.Itisadialogue___10___thenatureandme.Thebeautythatyouobserveduringacarroadtrippurifiesyou,refreshingyoursoulandyourmind!第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accessB.basicallyC.eliminateD.fitE.generateF.majorityG.merelyH.performI.powerJ.promiseK.preferenceNoise-cancelingheadphonesworththeprice?Alittlebitofsilence.Sometimesthat’sallwewant.Whetheritishalfwaythrougha10-hourflightwithacryingbabyortryingtosleepthroughthesnoringfromthehotelroomnextdoor,the____11____ofnoise-cancelingheadphonesisonethateverytravelerprobablyfindscharming.Yetaretheyworthit?Theseheadphonesareoftenexpensive,andforsomepeople,theydon’tliveuptotheads.I’vespenta____12____ofthelastfiveyearstraveling,takingdozensofflightsandtrainjourneys,andassomeonewhohasreviewednoise-cancelingheadphonesforevenlonger,Icandefinitelysaymaybe.HOWTHEYWORK?Noise-cancelingheadphones,alsocalledactivenoisecancelingheadphones,useelectronicprocessingtoanalyzenearbysoundandattemptto____13____theoppositesound.Theresultislessnoise,overall.Theseheadphonesdon’tcreatesilence,noraretheyableto____14____noise.Thecrestsandtroughs(波峰和波谷)donotperfectlycancelout.Theabsolutebestnoise-cancelingheadphones____15____reducenoiseandworkbestwithlow-frequencydroningsounds.Twoheadphonesetscouldclaimtoreducethesameamountofnoisebut____16____completelydifferently.Onlyhands-ontesting,ideallywithobjectivemeasurements,cantellthedifference.Noise-cancelingheadphonesrequireabatteryto____17____theirelectronics.Noise-isolatingheadphones,whichdonotrequireelectronicsandthereforecanbefarcheaper,workbycreatingasealinyourearcanaltoblocknoise.Theyare____18____likeearplugs,butwithearbuds.Ifyoucangetagoodseal,theseworkreasonablywell.Gettingagoodsealcanbeachallenge,however,sinceeveryone’searsaredifferent,andnotallheadphoneswill____19____correctly.Andevenifyoudogetagoodseal,noise-isolatingheadphoneswillnotbeabletoblocklow-frequencysoundsaswellasthebestnoise-cancelingheadphones.Theywillreduceawiderangeoffrequencies,whichcanhelp.WHOREALLYNEEDSTHEM?Ifyouareafrequenttraveler,goodnoise-cancelingheadphoneswillmakeanyjourneyinaplane,trainorautomobilefarmorepleasant.In-earmodelsareeasier—thoughstillslightlyuncomfortable—tosleepwithandaremy____20____.Over-ear第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 modelsreducealittlemorenoise,astheyareabletopassivelyblocksomesoundbecauseoftheirdesign.Buttheyarealwaysbulkyonyourheadorinyourbag.AfterIstoppedreviewingtheseheadphonesforWirecutter,IboughtapairofBoseQuiteComfort20s,alongtimeWirecutterpick,andIneverflywithoutthem.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ChatGPTanartificialintelligence-drivenchatbot(聊天机器人)programmethatrespondstouserprompts,hasdominatedsocialnetworksinrecentweeks.Its____21____issuchthatwithindaysofitslaunch,OpenAI,theartificialintelligencecompanybehindthechatbot,announcedthat1millionpeoplehadloggedon.Incomparison,FacebookandSpotifytookmonthstoattractthatlevelof____22____.Theattractionisobvious:ChatGPTcangeneratejokes,essaysandcomputercodefromashortwritingprompt.There’snothing____23____insoftwarethatproducesfluentandlogicalwriting.ChatGPT’spredecessor,theGenerativePretrainedTransformer3(GPT-3),coulddothattoo.Bothweretrainedonanunimaginablylargeamountofdatatoanswerquestionsina____24____way.ButChatGPThasbeenfine-tunedbybeingfedthedataonhuman“conversations”,whichsignificantly____25____thetruthfulnessandinformativenessofitsanswers.____26____,ChatGPTstillproducesanswersthatseemreasonablebutareincorrectornonsensical.Eventhebotitselfsays,“Myresponsesarenotintendedtobetakenas____27____.”ThismightbeabigproblemontheInternet,asmanywebplatforms____28____thecapabilitytoprotectthemselvesagainstafloodofAI-generatedcontent.SuchwebsitesasStackOverflow,whereuserscanfindanswerstoprogramming-relatedquestions,hadtobanChatGPT-producedposts,asitshumanmoderators(管理员)couldnotdealwiththe____29____ofbelievablebutwrongreplies.Itis_____30_____togiveouttoolsthatcouldbeusedtomassproducefakenewsandmessages.LettinglooseChatGPTraisesthequestionofwhethercontentproducedbyitcanbetrulytrusted.Ahumanauthoris_____31_____theirworkinawayAIisnot.Artificialintelligenceisnotartificial_____32_____:ChatGPTdoesnotknowwhatitisdoing;itisunabletosayhoworwhyitproducedaresponse;ithasnograspofhumanexperience,andcannottellifitis_____33_____.WhileOpenAIhassafeguardstorefuseinappropriaterequests,suchastotellusershowtocommitcrimes,thesecanbebypassed.AI’spotentialforharmshouldnotbe_____34_____.Inthewronghands,itcouldbeaweaponofmassdestruction.Nooneknowswhatwillhappentosuchtechnologiesifthesoftwareengineersofthefuturewillthemselvesbesoftwareprograms.“Humansupervisionand_____35_____arerequired,”OpenAI’sresearchershavewarned.第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 21.A.attemptB.appealC.purposeD.solution22.A.engagementB.pointC.competitionD.ambition23.A.harmfulB.positiveC.novelD.obvious24.A.creativeB.generalC.simpleD.believable25.A.convertedB.impressedC.increasedD.limited26.A.InbriefB.AsaresultC.EvensoD.Looselyspeaking27.A.factB.routineC.discriminationD.details28.A.expelB.lackC.expectD.improve29.A.qualityB.potentialC.volumeD.fear30.A.experimentalB.riskyC.unnecessaryD.reliable31.A.scaredofB.opentoC.pleasedwithD.responsiblefor32.A.consciousnessB.innovationC.emotionD.curiosity33.A.fittinginB.hangingonC.makingsenseD.takingadvantage34.A.rejectedB.blamedC.underestimatedD.contributed35.A.civilizationB.cautionC.lossD.pressureSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Whenwasthelasttimeyoudidsomethingthatgaveyouagenuinesenseofachievement?Formeitwaslastweek,whenIhungapictureonthewall.Iknow,itsoundsalittlecrazy.ButitwasaneasyprojectthatI’dputofffortoolong.Asaccomplishmentsgo,thiswasn’tuptherewithachievingworldpeace,curingtheincurableorrunningamarathon.YetthatfeelingofgenuineaccomplishmentissomethingthatIfearwe’rebeginningtolosetoday.Nowmorethanever,weliveinaworldofinstantgratitude,aidedbyever-presentdigitaldevicesthatonlyfeedthedesire.Newsheadlines,sportsscoresandthelatestgossipareallafinger-swipeawayonoursmartphones.Inthisdigitalparalleluniverse,oursenseofachievementhasbecomedefinedbythenumberofpositivereactionswegetfrompostingacoolpictureormakingabriefcomment.Justtobeclear,Idon’thaveaproblemwithdigitaldevices,appsorsocialmedia;Iusethemeveryday.Togetherthey’vehelpedusconnectwithothers,solveproblemsandgetthingsdoneinwaysalmostnoonecouldhaveever第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 imagined.Buttheproblemis:theyaren’tverypersonallyfulfilling.Sohowdowearriveatthatgenuinesenseofachievement,whetherit’satworkorourpersonallife?DanielPink,anotedauthoronwork,managementandbehavioralscience,hasaninterestingtheory.Whenitcomestoanythingbutthemostbasictasks,wearen’tverymotivatedbythe“traditional”motivatorsoffear,moneyorrewards.Instead,thefactorsincludeautonomy,mastery,andpurpose.Autonomyrepresentsourdesiretobeself-directed–todowhatwewanttodo,whenandhowwewanttodoit;masteryreferstoanessentialurgetobetterourskillsandderivesatisfactionfromdoingso;andpurposeisourdesiretodosomethingthatisimportantandhastruemeaning,eithertoourselvesortoothers.Bytappingintotheseinternalmotivators,evenunconsciously,wecanaccomplishgreatthings,likeexploringnewhobbiesordreams;becomingpassionateaboutourwork;andderivingsatisfactionfromwhatwedoandwantingtodomore.Wedon’tneedtoachieveworldpeaceorrunamarathontofeelasenseofpersonalachievement.Anythingwilldo—evenhangingafewpicturesonthewall.Butitneedstostartbyputtingourdevicesasideatleastforalittlewhile.36.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhywearebeginningtolosethesenseofaccomplishmentisthat_________.A.it’seasyforthemassestomakeaquickandpositivecommentB.mostpeoplefeartheycanhardlymakeanyaccomplishmentC.peopletendtoexpresstheirinstantandartificialgratitudethroughtheInternetD.thedigitalagehasinfluencedourdefinitionofthesenseofachievement37.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theauthorisusedtoputtingoffaprojectfortoolong.B.Thoughnotpersonallysatisfactory,digitaldevicesaresomewhathelpful.C.Theauthorobjectedtoaddressingissueswithdigitaldevices,appsorsocialmedia.D.Achievingworldpeaceorcuringtheincurablegoesbeyondwhatwecallachievement.38.The“internalmotivators”inparagraph6referto_________.A.fear,moneyandrewardsB.hobbies,dreamsandpassionC.autonomy,masteryandpurposeD.work,managementandbehavioralscience39.What’stheauthor’sopiniononthesenseofpersonalachievement?A.Withdigitaldevices,itiseasytoobtainthesenseofpersonalachievement第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B.Withoutsocialmedia,itisimpossibletoobtainthesenseofpersonalachievement.C.WithInternet,personalachievementcanonlybeobtainedthroughgreatsuccess.D.Withoutdigitaldevices,thesenseofpersonalachievementcanbeobtainedindailytasks.(B)Don’twasteyourmoney4thingsnottobuyAvoidingunforcedspendingerrorswillletyousaveforthestuffyoureallywant.It’seasytogetintoaspendingrut,buyingthesamestuffyou’vealwaysboughtoutofhabitorjustbecauseyourmomalwayshadthatkindofsoupinhercupboard.Butsometimesthesameoldcancostyou.Inmanycases,makingasimplechangecansaveyoumoney,time,andevenheadaches.Wecheckedwithexpertsinmorethanadozenfieldstofindoutwhatyoushouldstopwastingyourmoneyon—andwhattospenditoninstead.SUPERMARKETFLOWERSTheymightlookpretty,butresistthetemptationtobuybouquetskeptinbucketsofwaterneartheproduce.Somefruitsandvegetablesgiveoffethylenegas,whichcanshortenflowers’lives,saysAmyStewart,authorofFlowerConfidential:TheGood,theBad,andtheBeautiful.“Insteadoflastingacoupleofweeks,unrefrigeratedflowersneartheproducesectionareonlylikelytolastafewdays,”shesays.Ifyouwantflowersthatwillstayfreshlonger,buybloomsthathavebeenkeptinarefrigerator.REPLACEMENTTIRESINPAIRSTiresdon’tusuallygoflatinpairs,butthesalespersonatthetirestorewilltellyouthatyouneedtobuythemtwoatatime.Unlessthetireontheoppositesideoftheonebeingreplacedhaslessthan75percentofitstread,youdon’tnecessarilyhavetochangeitatthesametime.EXTRA-FASTINTERNETCompaniessuchasXfinityandGoogleofferhomeInternetspeedsofupto2,000Mbps(or2Gbps),butunlessyouareahard-coreonlinegamer,thatblazing-fastserviceisprobablyawasteofmoney.TheFederalCommunicationsCommissionrecommendsInternetspeedsof12to25Mbpsformostfamilies,eventhoseFULL-PRICEFURNITUREThebiggestsalesatfurniturestorestypicallytakeplaceoncertainholidaysandalsoattheendoftheyear.Asmartstrategyistoshopbeforethoseholidaystocheckpricesandthenwaittobuyattheholidaysales,whenmuchoftheinventorycouldbeatleast10to20percentcheaper.Andifyouwanttosaveevenmore,第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 whostreamgamesorvideos.Youwon’tseeabigdifferenceinyoureverydaybrowsingspeed,butyouwillseeadifferenceinyourbankaccount.Forexample,Xfinitychargesaslittleas$40permonthfordownloadspeedsof100Mbps,$80for1,000Mbps,andawhopping$300for2,000Mbps.askaboutbuyingfloorsamples.Typicallythefloorsamplesarediscounted30percentto50percentduringholidaysales.40.Whatkindofflowersaretheleastrecommended?A.Refrigeratedflowerswhichareplacednearfruitsandvegetables.B.Refrigeratedflowerswhichareplacednearthedairysection.C.Unrefrigeratedflowerswhichareplacednearfruitsandvegetables.D.Unrefrigeratedflowerswhichareplacednearthedairysection.41.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?A.Flowersneartheproducesectionoftenlookprettythanthoseinothersections.B.75percentofthetiresatthetireshopneedchangingbecausetheywillgoflat.C.Unlessyouareapassionateonlinegamer,youdon’tneedtopursuefastinternetspeed.D.Furniturestoresusuallyofferanatleast10percentdiscountbeforeholidays.42.________canbenefitmostfromthisarticle.A.FlowershopownerswhowanttoattractmorecustomersB.HousewiveswhoareaskingforrecommendationsongiftsC.InternetuserswhoareseekingforamoreeconomicalserviceD.Newlywedswhoneedtosavemoneyfortheirfuture(C)Carsandtaxispassedtheeighty-fourpinkgranitecolumnsthatstoodlikeguardsatthefrontofthestation.Pedestriansapproachedalonganelegantarchedpassageway.Thewaitingroomwasfifteenstorieshighandablockandahalflong.Inmanyways,PennsylvaniaStation,alsoknownasPennStation,wastheheartofNewYorkCity.Builtin1910,thestationwasanenergeticplace.Filledwithbustlingcrowds,PennStationwelcomedtravelerswithitsbrightandheartyatmosphere.Gettingonoroffatrainherewasanexcitingthingtodo.Bythe1950s,however,fewerpeopleweretravellingbytrain.Theyhadfoundalternatewaystotravel.Airlinescarriedmoreandmorepassengers.Newsuperhighwaysmadedrivinglongdistanceseasier.第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Bytheendofthedecade,theownersofPennStationmadeafatefuldecision.Theywoulddemolishthefamouslandmark.Initsplace,theywouldbuildanofficebuildingandasportsarena.Theplanseemedtomakefinancialsense,butlittlethoughtwasgiventotrainpassengers.Peoplewouldnowhavetoboardtrainsundergroundfromsmallwaitingareasnearthetraintunnels.DemolishPennStation?WhenNewYorkersheardtheplan,theycouldn’tbelievetheirears.Oneofthecity’sfinestpublicplaceshadbeengivenadeathsentence,andNewYorkersdidn’tliketheverdict!Citizensjoinedtogethertosavethelandmark.Formonths,theywouldstrivetorescueitfromthewreckingball.Theypointedoutthatthestationwasanarchitecturaltreasure.Ithadplayedakeyroleinthelifeandhistoryofthecity.What’smore,thenewundergroundstationwouldbecrampedanduncomfortable.Apersondidn’thavetobeveryobservanttoseethat.Unfortunately,noonecouldstopthetragedy.Cityofficialsenforcedthewishesoftheowners,andin1963,thewreckingballswenttowork.Onlookersgazedinhorrorasanarchitecturalmasterpiececrashedtothegroundindust.Intheend,NewYorkersresignedthemselvestothelossofPennStation.Theyhad,however,learnedalesson:Landmarkbuildingshadtobesaved.Aspeciallandmarkscommissionwasformed.Itsprimarypurposewastoidentifyandprotectthecity’sfinestarchitecture.Itsmembersrecognizedthatasacitychangesandmatures,someolderbuildingsdohavetobedemolishedtomakeroomfornewones.Landmarks,however,mustbepreserved.Ironically,bythe1990s,traintravelhadpickedupatPennStation,especiallyamongcommutersfromsurroundingtowns.Theundergroundstationhaddifficultyhandlingtheragingriveroftraffic.Aspredicted,fewlikedthecrampedreplacement.SomeNewYorkershopetoconvertagrandoldpostofficeintoanewtrainstation.Thepostofficeisintherightplace,andinsomeways,itresemblestheoldPennsylvaniaStation.Theplanmaywork,butthemajorrepairwillbeaverydifficultandcostlyfeat.Sothetragedyteachesanotherlesson:Sometimes,it’sbettertopreservewhatwehavethantotrytoreplaceit.43.WhichofthefollowingaccountsforthedisappearanceofthePennStation?A.Economicconsideration.B.Renewedenthusiasmforsports.C.Theoutdateddesignofthestation.D.Betterundergroundfacilities.44.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TheNewYorkerscheeredatthesightofthecrashofthestation.B.Themembersrealizedthatalltheoldbuildingsshouldbepreserved.C.Itwastoolateforthecitytomendthemistake.D.Thereplacementofthestationwasneveraproblem.第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 45.Theunderlinedword“feat”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.sceneryB.banquetC.probabilityD.achievement46.Whatcanbebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowwasthePennsylvaniaStationbuilt?B.WhathappenedtothePennsylvaniaStation?C.WhereshouldthePennsylvaniaStationbebuilt?DWhyshouldthePennsylvaniaStationberecovered?SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.IsAustraliaanisland?AustraliaisthesmallestcontinentandoneofthelargestcountriesonEarth,lyingbetweenthePacificandIndianoceansintheSouthernHemisphere.Atabout3millionsquaremiles(7.7millionsquarekm),it’scloserinsizetoGreenlandthanitistoSouthAmerica.DoesthatmakeAustraliaanislandlikeGreenland?AlthoughAustraliaissometimescalledan“islandcontinent,”mostgeographersconsiderislandsandcontinentstobeseparatethings.____47____Bythatdefinition,Australiacan’tbeanislandbecauseit’salreadyacontinent.Butinthatcase,what’sthedifferencebetweenAustraliaandGreenland?Whyisn’tGreenland(at836,000squaremiles[2,165,230squarekm])consideredacontinentinsteadofjusttheworld’slargestisland?Unfortunately,thereisn’tastrictscientificdefinitionofacontinent.____48____First,thereisageologicaldistinction.WhileAustraliaandmostofAsiaaresituatedonseparatetectonicplates,GreenlandsharesatectonicplatewithNorthAmerica.Thereisalsoabiologicaldifference.WhilealargepercentageofAustralia’splantandanimalspeciescanbefoundnowhereelseintheworld,fewerofGreenland’sspeciesareunique.____49____AboriginalpeoplearelimitedtoAustralia,whilenativeGreenlandersbelongtoagroupofpeoples(theInuit)foundthroughouttheArctic,includingpartsofCanada,theUnitedStates,andRussia.Ofcourse,there’salsothebasicmatterofsize.____50____Iftheyweremuchcloserinarea,Greenlandmighthavemoreofacaseforcontinentstatus(andAustraliaforislandstatus).Asitis,thevastdifferencebetweenthetwomakesforagooddividingline.Whileeachofthosecriteriamaynotbesufficientonitsown—forinstanceEuropeandAsiaalsoshareatectonicplatebutareusuallyconsideredseparatecontinentsforculturalreasons—togethertheyformageneralunderstandingofwhatqualifiesasacontinent.第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A.AustraliaisnearlyfourtimesaslargeasGreenland.B.Inaddition,intermsofanthropology,thescientificstudyofpeople,theyaredifferentaswell.C.Australiaisthelastoflandsonlybecauseitwasthelastcontinent,apartfromAntarctica,tobeexploredbyEuropeans.D.AccordingtoBritannica,anislandisamassoflandthatisboth“entirelysurroundedbywater”andalso“smallerthanacontinent.”E.Isolationisalsoaclearcharacteristicofthesociallandscapebeyondthelargecoastalcities.F.Butthereareafewcriteriathatarecommonlyusedtodistinguishonecontinentfromanother.IV.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.51.要不了一个月，我们就要过春节了。(before)(汉译英)52.这个勇敢的士兵冒着生命危险营救被困住的科学家们。(riskv.)(汉译英)53.我正在欣赏窗外的美景，突然，一个拄着拐杖的老爷爷吸引了我的注意力。(when)(汉译英)54.世界极限运动之都新西兰是很多人的终极旅游目的地，它吸引了数百万无所畏惧的游客，挑战自己的极限，体验绝妙之旅。(push)(汉译英)第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第13页/共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司