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怀仁一中高二年级2023~2024学年上学期期中考试英语试题考生注意:1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分,考试时间120分钟2.答题前,考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时,请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4,本卷命题范围:外研版选择性必修第一册~选择性必修第二册Unit1。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A,B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatcoloursuitisthemanwearing?A.Black.B.Blue.C.Green.2.Howmuchdoesthewomanhavetopayinall?A.Fourdollars.B.Fivedollars.C.Sixdollars.3.Whatwillthemandofirst?A.Visitthebank.B.Pickuplunch.C.Gotothepostoffice.4.Whichfooddoesthewomanusuallyavoid?A.Vegetables.B.Redmeat.C.Fish.5.Whatdothespeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Theappointmenttime.B.Thedinnerplace.C.Thetravelplan.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Wherearethecups?A.Athome.B.Inthebox.C.Behindthecar.7.Whathavethespeakersleftbehind?A.Theplasticbag.B.Theplates.C.Thetent.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.Whydoesthemanlooksotired?A.Hehadtogotothetopfloor.B.HesurfedtheInternetforlong.C.Hecarriedtheoverheadprojector.9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherclasses?A.Boring.B.Fantastic.C.Worrying.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whendidthewomancometothemeeting?A.At3:25p.m.B.At3:30p.m.C.At3:5p.m.11.Whereisthedaycare?A.Intheworkshop.B.Behindtheofficebuilding.C.Ontheleftofthesmallsquare.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Motherandson.C.Colleagues.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Whereistheinformationaboutthefuturefoodshortagefrom?A.Anewspaperarticle.B.ATVshow.C.TheInternet.14.Whatwillhappenin2030accordingtotheman?A.Someofthefoodwilldisappear,B.Earth’spopulationwillhitover8billion,C.Morethan9billiontonsoffoodwillbewasted.15.WhichofthefollowingdecidestochangeAfrica’sfarming?A.TheUnitedNations.B.GrowIntelligence.C.GlobalCitizen.16.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodointheend?A.Applyforajob.B.Talkwithacook.C.Donatemoneytoacharity.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Howoldisthespeaker?A.27.B.47.C.77.18.Whatdoesthespeakerplantodo?ALiveinQland.B.Dosomewalking.C.Meetafriend.19.Whatdidtheyoungladydoduringthespeaker’swalk?A.Sheencouragedher.B.Shewalkedwithher.C.Shehelpedher.20.Howdoesthespeakerfeelintheend?A.Amazed.B.Grateful.C.Frightened.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A
LongmenGrottoesAsoneofthethreemostnotableBuddhistsculpturesinChina,theLongmenGrottoeshaveapproximately1,400caveswithover100,000statues.ThegrottoeswerefirstdugandcarvedduringtheNorthernWeiDynasty.RepresentingthehighpointofChinesestone-carving,theLongmenGrottoesarelistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Openinghours:8:00a,m.—5:00p.m.(Feb.1sttoMar.31st);7:30a.m.—5:30p.m.(Apr.1sttoOct.7th)Entry:100yuan/adult30%offeachteenWhiteHorseTempleOriginallyestablishedunderEmperorMingduringtheEasternHanDynasty,WhiteHorseTempleisthefirstofficially-builttempleinChinaaftertheintroductionofBuddhism.AsthecradleofChineseBuddhism,itholdsavastcollectionofBuddhiststatuesandclassicsutras.ThetempleisalsofamousforinteriorarchitectureinspiredbytheBuddhiststylesofThailand,IndiaandBurma.Openinghours:7:30a.m.—7:00p.m.Entry:50yuan/personMillenniumCityParkTheMillenniumCityParkinKaifengisalarge-scalehistoricalandculturalthemeparkwhichcopiesscenesfromthefamousancientpaintingAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival.VisitorscanwatchfolkloreperformanceslikethoseoftheSongDynastyandseereconstructionsofgrandimperialhallsandgardens.Openinghours:8:30a.m.—6:00p.m.(winter);8:30a.m.—10:00p.m.Entry:120yuan/person(Mar.1sttoNov.30th);90yuan/person(Dec.1sttoFeb.28/29th)KaifengPrefectureKaifengPrefecturewasoncethecountry’spolitical,economicandculturalcenteraswellasoneofthemostboomingcitiesintheworldduringtheNorthernSongDynasty.Today,therebuiltKaifengPrefectureisascenicareabuiltaccordingtothearchitecturalstandardsoftheSongDynasty.Visitorscanreadhistoricaldocumentsandwatchperformances.Openinghours:7:30a.m.—5:30p.m.(winter);7:00a.m.—7:00p.m.Entry:60yuan/person1.HowmuchwillaparentwithtwoteenshavetopaytovisitLongmenGrottoes?A.100yuan.B.160yuan.C.240yuan.D.340yuan.2.Whichhasthelongestopeninghoursinsummer?A.LongmenGrottoes.B.WhiteHorseTemple.C.MillenniumCityPark.D.KaifengPrefecture.3.Whatdothefourplaceshaveincommon?A.TheyaretoursaboutChinesecivilization.B.Visitorscanseeancientpaintings.C.Theycanbevisitedallyearround.D.TheUnitedNationsspeakhighlyofthem.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个中国旅游景点的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据LongmenGrottoes部分中“Entry:100yuan/adult30%offeachteen(门票费：100元/成人/青少年7折)”可知，带着两个孩子去龙门石窟要花100+70+70=240元。故选C。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分“Openinghours:8:00a,m.—5:00p.m.(Feb.1sttoMar.31st);7:30a.m.—5:30p.m.(Apr.1sttoOct.7th)(开放时间：上午8点至下午5点（2月1日至3月31日）；上午7:30到下午5:30（四月1日至10月7日）)”；第二部分“Openinghours:7:30a.m.—7:00p.m.(开放时间：上午7:30至晚上7:00)”；第三部分“Openinghours:8:30a.m.—6:00p.m.(winter);8:30a.m.—10:00p.m.(开放时间：上午8:30至下午6:00（冬季）；上午八点半至晚上十时)”以及第四部分“Openinghours:7:30a.m.—5:30p.m.(winter);7:00a.m.—7:00p.m.(开放时间：上午7:30至下午5:30（冬季）；早上7点到晚上7点)”可知，MillenniumCityPark夏季开放时间最久。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分“ThegrottoeswerefirstdugandcarvedduringtheNorthernWeiDynasty.(石窟最早是在北魏时期挖掘和雕刻的)”；第二部分“OriginallyestablishedunderEmperorMingduringtheEasternHanDynasty,WhiteHorseTempleisthefirstofficially-builttempleinChinaaftertheintroductionofBuddhism.AsthecradleofChineseBuddhism,itholdsavastcollectionofBuddhiststatuesandclassicsutras.(白马寺始建于东汉明帝时期，是佛教传入中国后官方建造的第一座寺庙。作为中国佛教的摇篮，它拥有大量的佛像和经典佛经)”；第三部分“TheMillenniumCityParkinKaifengisalarge-scalehistoricalandculturalthemeparkwhichcopiesscenesfromthefamousancientpaintingAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival.VisitorscanwatchfolkloreperformanceslikethoseoftheSongDynastyandseereconstructionsofgrandimperialhallsandgardens.(开封千年城公园是一个大型历史文化主题公园，它复制了著名的古画《清明上河图》中的场景。游客可以观看像宋朝那样的民俗表演，还可以看到宏伟的皇家大厅和花园的重建)”以及第四部分“KaifengPrefecturewasoncethecountry’spolitical,economicandculturalcenteraswellasoneofthemostboomingcitiesintheworldduringtheNorthernSongDynasty.(北宋时期，开封曾是全国的政治、经济和文化中心，也是世界上最繁荣的城市之一)”可知，这四个地方共同之处是都是关于中国文明的旅游。故选A。BGregHeffleyisthemaincharacterinJeffKinney’sbest-sellingDiaryofaWimpyKidseriesofbooks.Gregisamiddleschoolstudentwithbigdreams.Inhisdiary,hewritesstoriesabouthisstrugglestofitinanddrawspicturestogowiththem.GregHeffleyisathinbutambitiouskidwithanactiveimaginationandbigplanstoberichandfamous—hejusthastosurvivemiddleschoolfirst.Tomakemattersworse,Greg’slovablebestfriend,Rowleyseemstosailthroughlifeandsucceedateverythingwithouteventrying!Asdetailsofhisextremelyfunny—andoftendisastrous—attemptstoinfillthepagesofhisjournal,Greglearnstoappreciatetruefriendsandthesatisfactionthatcomesfromstandingupforwhatisright.Thefirstlive-actionmoviebasedonDiaryofaWimpyKidcameoutin2010.Nowananimatedfilmbasedontheoriginalbookisabouttohitscreens.“ThenewDiaryofaWimpyKidisgoingtofeelalotdifferentfromthelive-actionmovie,”KinneytoldTFKreporterLucySandor.“Partsofthatfirstmoviewerereimagined.Buttheanimatedversionjustcametolifefromthepagesofthebook,”hesaid.HumorinspiresKinneytowrite.Whetherit’samoviescriptorabook,helikestostartwithjokes.“WhenIthinkofajoke,itoftencomeswithapictureinmymind,”hesaid.
“ThenIwrite.Andintheend,Idothedrawings.”DiaryofaWimpyKidwillbeavailableonDisney+beginningDecember3.4.WhatisGregHeffley’sdream?A.Toberichandfamous.B.Tohaveabest-sellingbook.C.Tobeafamousdirector.D.Towriteabest-sellingnovel.5.IntheDiaryofaWimpyKidseries,whatdoesGregHeffleylearnfromhisexperiences?A.Howtodrawcartoons.B.Howtowriteadiary.C.Howtosaveafriend.D.Howtoappreciateatruefriend.6.HowdoesthenewDiaryofaWimpyKidmoviedifferfromthelive-actionmovie?A.Theanimationisreimagined.B.Theanimationisasoundmovie.C.Theanimationcomesdirectlyfromthebook.D.Theanimationhasmoreaudience.7.WhatistheinspirationforKinney’swriting?A.Abook.B.Humor.C.Amovie.D.Acharacter.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了杰夫·金尼的畅销书《小屁孩日记》的主要内容，并介绍了即将上映的动画电影。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“GregHeffleyisathinbutambitiouskidwithanactiveimaginationandbigplanstoberichandfamous—hejusthastosurvivemiddleschoolfirst.(格雷格·赫夫利是一个身材瘦削但雄心勃勃的孩子，有着积极的想象力，有着致富和出名的宏伟计划——他只需要先从中学毕业。)”可知，格雷格·赫夫利的梦想是有钱且出名。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Asdetailsofhisextremelyfunny—andoftendisastrous—attemptstoinfillthepagesofhisjournal,Greglearnstoappreciatetruefriendsandthesatisfactionthatcomesfromstandingupforwhatisright.(随着他极其有趣——而且往往是灾难性的——试图在日记页中填充细节，格雷格学会了感激真正的朋友，以及为正确的事情挺身而出所带来的满足感。)”可知，格雷格从自己的经历中学会了感激真正的朋友。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘Partsofthatfirstmoviewerereimagined.Buttheanimatedversionjustcametolifefromthepagesofthebook,’hesaid.(他说：‘第一部电影的部分内容被重新构思。但动画版只是从书页中活过来的。’)”可知，新版《小屁孩日记》电影直接复刻原版。故选C。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“HumorinspiresKinneytowrite.(幽默激发了金尼写作的灵感。)”可知，金尼的写作灵感是幽默。故选B。CEverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Theeventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimes
rangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecordof13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy(传承)”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympicswouldbetoinspireanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches(沙发).Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.OfficialsarestillwonderingwhyLondonOlympicsfailedto“inspireageneration”.ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Thiskindofsportwelcomesanybody.Bothnewrunnersandchampionrunnerscanhavealotoffun.TheOlympicGames,bycontrast,wantedtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thestressonsuccesskeptnewcomersfromtakingpart.Infact,stateinvolvementinplanningcommunitysportsassociationsisabitoverdone.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytobuildtennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butallthewhilegovernmentshavebeenbusywithsellinggreenspaces,takingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportsineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsportstodevelop,oratleastnotmakethemworse.8.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowaboutParkruninthefirstparagraph?A.Itshistory.B.Itsdifficulty.C.Itspopularity.D.Itsdevelopment.9.WhatcanweinferabouttheGamesofthe30thOlympics?A.Itpromotednationalsportparticipation.B.Itdidn’tbringcitizenstheexpectedbenefits.C.IthelpedpopularizetheParkrunmovement.D.ItsorganizersfoundtheanswertothefailureintheGames.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elite”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Intelligent.B.Brave.C.Excellent.D.Healthy.11.Whatshouldgovernmentsdoaboutsportsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Sellortakeupgreenspaces.B.Paylessattentiontosportsineducation.C.Organizecommunitysportsassociations.D.Providetherightconditionsforsportstodevelop.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了现在越来越多的人们喜欢围绕着公园进行公园跑步，以起到运动和锻炼身体的作用，政府也应该加大与运动有关的基础设施建设以鼓励全民运动。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段内容，尤其是“EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.”（每周六早上9点，超过5万名跑步者开始在当地公园周围跑5公里）和“Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecordof13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.(跑步者从四岁的孩子到祖父母；他们的用时范围从AndrewBaddeley创造的13分48秒的世界纪录到1小时不等)”可知，本段主要介绍了公园跑步的受欢迎程度。故选C。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic‘legacy(传承)’isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympicswouldbetoinspireanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches(沙发).Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.(Parkrun在伦敦奥运‘传承’失败的地方取得了成功。十年前的周一，宣布第三十届奥运会将激励全国的体育爱好者远离沙发。人们会更健康，更健康，产生更多的获胜者。但这并没有发生)”可推断，第三十届伦敦奥运会并没有给市民带来它所宣称的益处。故选B。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段画线词后“Thestressonsuccesskeptnewcomersfromtakingpart.(对成功的压力使新来者不敢参加)”可推断，画线词所在句意为“相比之下，奥运会希望培养更多的精英运动员”，画线词词义与Excellent相近。故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsportstodevelop,oratleastnotmakethemworse.(未来的政府需要做的不是冗长而有价值的策略，而是为体育发展提供更多的条件，或者至少不要让它们变得更糟)”可知，政府应该为体育发展提供更多的便利条件。故选D。DInthethickforest,aNewCaledoniancrowcarefullyremovesabranch,pullsoffunwantedleavesandmakesatoolfromthewood.Thecrowisaperfectionist.Whenit’ssatisfied,thebirdadvancesthefinishedtoolintoaholeinthetreeandfishesoutawrigglinggrub(蠕动的幼虫).TheNewCaledoniancrowisoneoftheonlybirdsknowntomaketools,askilloncethoughttobeuniquetohumans.TheremarkableoriginalitythatChristianRutz,abehavioralecologistattheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,observedchangedhisunderstandingofwhatbirdscando.Hestartedwonderingiftheremightbeotherignoredanimalabilities.Experimentshaveshownthatdifferentcrowgroupsintheforesthavedistinctvocalizations(发声).Rutzwantedtoknowwhetherthesevocalizationscouldhelpexplainculturaldifferencesintool-makingamongthegroups.Newtechnologypoweredbyartificialintelligence(AI)isreadytoprovideexactlythesekindsofinsights.Whetheranimalscommunicatewithoneanotherintermswemightbeabletounderstandisaquestionofenduringquestion.“WithrecentbreakthroughsinAI,peoplerealizethatweareontheedgeoffairlymajoradvancesinregardtounderstandinganimals’communicativebehavior,”Rutzsays.Beyondcreatingchat-botsthatattractpeopleandproducingartthatwinsfine-artscompetitions,machinelearningmaysoonmakeitpossibletocrack(破解)thingslikecrowcalls,saysAzaRaskin,oneofthefoundersofthenonprofitEarthSpeciesProject.Crackinganimalvocalizationscouldaidconservationandwelfareefforts.Itcouldalsohaveashockingimpactonus.Raskincomparesthecomingrevolutiontotheinventionofthetelescope.“WelookedoutattheuniverseanddiscoveredthatEarthwasnotthecenter,”hesays.ThepowerofAItoreshapeourunderstandingofanimals,hethinks,willhaveasimilareffect.“Thesetoolsaregoingtochangethewaythatweseeourselvesinrelationtoeverything.”12.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph1?A.ShowtheNewCaledoniancrowcanmaketools.B.ExplainwhytheNewCaledoniancrowisaperfectionist.
C.TelltheNewCaledoniancrowoftenmakesmistakes.D.DescribehowtheNewCaledoniancrowlivesintheforest.13.WhatdoesRutztendtoagree?A.ItishumansandcrowsthatcanmaketoolsB.Humansmayfailtonoticesomeanimals’abilities.C.TheNewCaledoniancrowisthesmartestbird.D.TheNewCaledoniancrowhasvarioussounds.14.WhatdoesRaskinsuggestdoinginthelastparagraph?A.ChattingwithAI.B.Lookingoutintospace.C.UsingAItocrackanimalcalls.D.Connectingwiththeoutsideworld.15.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.EarthIsNottheCenterB.StartYourMindandStudyDeeplyC.ProtectAnimalstoMaketheWorldBetterD.AICouldHelpUsUnderstandAnimals【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人工智能有望帮助我们了解动物之间的交流行为。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Inthethickforest,aNewCaledoniancrowcarefullyremovesabranch,pullsoffunwantedleavesandmakesatoolfromthewood.Thecrowisaperfectionist.Whenit’ssatisfied,thebirdadvancesthefinishedtoolintoaholeinthetreeandfishesoutawrigglinggrub(蠕动的幼虫).(在茂密的森林中，一只新喀里多尼亚乌鸦小心翼翼地拔下一根树枝，扯下多余的叶子，然后用木头做一个工具。乌鸦是个完美主义者。当它感到满意时，这只鸟把完成的工具推进树上的一个洞里，然后捞出一只蠕动的幼虫。)”和第二段中的“TheNewCaledoniancrowisoneoftheonlybirdsknowntomaketools,askilloncethoughttobeuniquetohumans.(新喀里多尼亚乌鸦是已知的唯一能制造工具的鸟类之一，这一技能曾被认为是人类独有的。)”可推测出，作者在第一段描写了新喀里多尼亚乌鸦制作工具来觅食的行为，这是为了展示它能够制作工具。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“TheremarkableoriginalitythatChristianRutz,abehavioralecologistattheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,observedchangedhisunderstandingofwhatbirdscando.Hestartedwonderingiftheremightbeotherignoredanimalabilities.(苏格兰圣安德鲁斯大学的行为生态学家克里斯蒂安·鲁茨观察到的这一非凡独创性改变了他对鸟类能力的理解。他开始想知道是否还有其他被忽视的动物能力。)”可知，克里斯蒂安·鲁茨看到新喀里多尼亚乌鸦会制作工具，改变了他对鸟类能力的理解，他怀疑还有其他被忽视的动物能力。由此可推测出，他可能认为人类可能没有注意到一些动物的能力。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Beyondcreatingchat-botsthatattractpeopleandproducingartthatwinsfine-artscompetitions,machinelearningmaysoonmakeitpossibletocrack(破解)thingslikecrowcalls,saysAzaRaskin,oneofthefoundersofthenonprofitEarthSpeciesProject.Crackinganimalvocalizationscouldaidconservationandwelfareefforts.(非营利组织地球物种项目的创始人之一阿扎·拉斯金表示，除了创建吸引
人的聊天机器人和制作赢得美术比赛的艺术作品外，机器学习可能很快就能破解乌鸦叫声等问题。破解动物的发声可以帮助保护和福利工作。)”可推测出，他建议用人工智能来破解动物的发声。故选C。【15题详解】标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“Newtechnologypoweredbyartificialintelligence(AI)isreadytoprovideexactlythesekindsofinsights.(以人工智能为动力的新技术正准备提供这类见解。)”和“WithrecentbreakthroughsinAI,peoplerealizethatweareontheedgeoffairlymajoradvancesinregardtounderstandinganimals’communicativebehavior(随着人工智能的最新突破，人们意识到，在理解动物的交流行为方面，我们正处于相当大的进步边缘)”可知，本文主要讲述了人工智能有望能帮助人类理解动物的交流行为。由此可推测出，D项“人工智能能帮助我们理解动物”最适合作本文标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theadviceof“eatthefrogfirstthinginthemorning”soundsextremelystrange.However,thissomewhat-commonlyknownexpressionisonewayofdescribinganabsolutelyhelpfulproductivitytip.“Eatthefrog”actuallymeans“dotheday’sworsttaskassoonasyouwakeup”.___16___.Basically,whatTwainisbelievedtohavesaidisthatifyouhavetoeatafrog,youshoulddoitstraightawayinthemorningsotheworstpartofyourdayisimmediatelybehindyou.Youdon’treallyhavetoeatthefrogassoonasyouwakeup.___17___.Youcanjustmakeaconscious(刻意的)efforttogetyourhardestresponsibilitieshandledbeforemovingontolesserones.WhenIhavetohaveanuncomfortablephonecall,Ischeduleitfortheearliestpossibletimeintheday.WhenIhaveaprojectdue,Itrytowakeupearlytotakecareofitinsteadofstayinguplate.IcanprovethefactthatIfeelgreatthroughoutthedayknowingthattheworstthingIhadtodoisalreadydone.___18___.Ifyoustrugglewithprocrastination(拖延症)—whethercleaningyourhouseordoingworkforschooloryourjoboryoufindthatyougetallthelittlestuffdonebutdon’tmakesufficientprogressonthebigstuff,tryfollowingtheadvice.___19___.Studyforthetestinyourmostdifficultclassbeforestudyingforyoureasierones.___20___.Putthemostimportantortroublesometasksatthetopofyourlist,andthenenjoythesatisfactionofcrossingthemoffearly.Atsomepoint,movingontothesmalleractivities—evenifthey’renotimportant—willfeellikeareward.A.YougettheideaB.ThisquotecomesfromMarkTwainC.SchedulethemostannoyingtasksforthemorningD.Ifyou’dliketobemoreproductiveeatingthefrogisforyouE.ButyoushouldtrytogetfrogsoutofthewayassoonaspossibleF.Thisadvicealsohelpstomakeato-dolisteverynightforthenextdayandrankitG.ThisalwaysmakesmefeellikeanyothertasksIneedtohandleareapieceofcake【答案】16.B17.E18.G19.C20.F【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要通过一句谚语来说明面对众多任务时，要先做挑战性最大，难度最高的事，然后接下来的一整天都会无比愉悦和轻松。【16题详解】上文““Eatthefrog”actuallymeans“dotheday’sworsttaskassoonasyouwakeup”.”（“吃掉青蛙”实际上的意思是“一醒来就做一天中最糟糕的任务”。）解释了该谚语的含义，下文“Basically,whatTwainisbelievedtohavesaidisthatifyouhavetoeatafrog,youshoulddoitstraightawayinthemorningsotheworstpartofyourdayisimmediatelybehindyou.”（基本上，人们相信吐温所说的是，如果你必须吃一只青蛙，你应该在早上马上吃，这样你一天中最糟糕的部分就会马上过去。）说明了马克·吐温对该谚语的理解，B项“ThisquotecomesfromMarkTwain”（这句话出自马克·吐温）衔接上文说明谚语的出处，并衔接下文，说明他对该谚语的具体理解。故选B项。【17题详解】上文“Youdon’treallyhavetoeatthefrogassoonasyouwakeup.”（你不必一醒来就把青蛙吃掉。）说明棘手的事情也没有迫切到一醒来就要立刻做的程度，E项“Butyoushouldtrytogetfrogsoutofthewayassoonaspossible”（但是你应该尽快把青蛙弄走。）说明虽然不必立刻做，但也要尽快处理棘手的事情，与上文构成转折，衔接恰当。故选E项。【18题详解】上文“IcanprovethefactthatIfeelgreatthroughoutthedayknowingthattheworstthingIhadtodoisalreadydone.”（我可以证明这样一个事实：当我知道我必须做的最糟糕的事情已经完成时，我一整天都感觉很棒。）可知，先做最棘手的事，会让我一整天都会无比愉悦和轻松。G项“ThisalwaysmakesmefeellikeanyothertasksIneedtohandleareapieceofcake”（这也会让我觉得我需要处理的其他事情都是小菜一碟。）衔接上文，说明先做棘手任务的另一个好处，衔接恰当。故选G项。【19题详解】上文“Ifyoustrugglewithprocrastination—whethercleaningyourhouseordoingworkforschooloryourjoboryoufindthatyougetallthelittlestuffdonebutdon’tmakesufficientprogressonthebigstuff,tryfollowingtheadvice.”（如果你有拖延症，无论是打扫房子，还是为学校或工作做功课，或者你发现你完成了所有的小事情，但在大事情上没有取得足够的进展，试着听从这个建议。）说明无论做什么事，都可以尝试这个建议，C项“Schedulethemostannoyingtasksforthemorning”（把最烦人的任务安排在早上）衔接上文，说明该建议的具体内容，衔接恰当，引出下文的例子。故选C项。【20题详解】下文“Putthemostimportantortroublesometasksatthetopofyourlist,andthenenjoythesatisfactionofcrossingthemoffearly.”（把最重要或最麻烦的任务放在清单的顶部，然后享受提前划掉它们的满足感。）说明先完成最麻烦的任务，会带来轻松的一天。F项“Thisadvicealsohelpstomakeato-dolisteverynightforthenextdayandrankit”（该建议还有助于每天晚上为第二天做一个待办事项清单，并对其进行排序。）衔接后文，选项中“to-dolist”照应后文“yourlist”，“rankit”照应“Putthemostimportantortroublesometasksatthetop”衔接恰当。故选F项。第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Youdon’tgetasecondchancetomakeafirstimpression—thiswasthethemeofthisyear’sInternationalPublicSpeakingCompetition(IPSC).Thirty-threeyoungspeakersaged16to20fromaroundtheworld___21___TheEnglishSpeakingUniontotelltheirstories,includingWuDongxufromChina.Tohim,theeventwasn’tjustaboutgivinga___22___onfirstimpressions,italsomadeastrongimpressiononhim.“Ratherthanacompetition,the___23___wasmorelikeanenlighteningresearchtriptome,which___24___metoseefirsthandthedifferencesand___25___betweenChineseandforeigncultures,”saidWu.Apartfromthe___26___differencesinfood,transportationandclimate,what___27___WuthemostwasthedistinctstylesofChineseandforeignpublicspeaking.Althoughstillateen,Wuisnostrangertothepublicspeakingpodium(讲台).ButonthestageoftheIPSC,speakershadnopodiumto___28___behind.Theyjusthadto___29___theaudience.“Itmademerealizehow____30____eyecontactandbodylanguageare,”saidWu.Speakershavethefreedomtoexpressmoreinformationwiththeirgestures____31____justwords.AnotherdifferencethatcaughtWu’s____32____wastheevaluationcriteria(评价标准).Tohissurprise,theIPSCorganizingcommitteeinformedallthecontestantsbeforethe____33____thataccentsandgrammaticalerrorswouldnotbeconsideredintheevaluationprocess,meaningthattheexpressionoffeelingsandyourconveyedstoryarewhatmattermost.“Audiencesare____34____tohearpowerfulstories,____35____thosethatresonate(引起共鸣)withpeopleregardlessofwheretheyarefrom,”saidWu.21.A.playedaroundB.gatheredatC.chattedinD.discussedabout22.A.speechB.treatC.reportD.lesson23.A.exerciseB.discoveryC.experienceD.job24.A.invitedB.askedC.choseD.allowed25.A.warningsB.examplesC.similaritiesD.entertainments26.A.specialB.awfulC.unbelievableD.obvious27.A.impressedB.movedC.frightenedD.worried28.A.sitB.standC.climbD.jump29.A.pleaseB.faceC.amuseD.trust30.A.famousB.boringC.hardD.important31.A.insteadofB.alongwithC.becauseofD.accordingto32.A.attentionB.breathC.stepD.word33.A.performanceB.tripC.eventD.research34.A.difficultB.sorryC.carefulD.eager35.A.namelyB.especiallyC.definitelyD.naturally【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.D27.A28.B29.B30.D31.A32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要报道的是一名中国学生吴东旭参加国际演讲比赛（IPSC）的所见所感。【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：来自世界各地的33名年龄在16岁至20岁之间的年轻人聚集在英语口语联盟，讲述他们的故事，其中包括来自中国的吴东旭。A.playedaround不认真对待；B.gatheredat聚集；C.chattedin闲聊；D.discussedabout讨论。根据上文“Thirty-threeyoungspeakersaged16to20fromaroundtheworld”指来自世界各地的33名年龄在16岁至20岁之间的年轻人聚集在英语口语联盟，故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，这次活动不仅仅是关于第一印象的演讲，它也给他留下了深刻的印象。A.speech演讲；B.treat款待；C.report报道；D.lesson课程。根据上文“totelltheirstories,includingWuDongxufromChina”可知此处指关于第一印象的演讲。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“与其说是比赛，这次经历对我来说更像是一次启发性的研究之旅，它让我亲眼看到了中外文化的异同，”吴说。A.exercise锻炼；B.discovery发现；C.experience经历；D.job工作。根据上文“Ratherthanacompetition”此处指这次比赛也是一种经历。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“与其说是比赛，这次经历对我来说更像是一次启发性的研究之旅，它让我亲眼看到了中外文化的异同，”吴说。A.invited邀请；B.asked询问；C.chose选择；D.allowed允许。根据后文“metoseefirsthandthedifferencesand”指这次比赛让他能够看到中外文化的异同，allowsb.todosth.表示“允许某人做某事”。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“与其说是比赛，这次经历对我来说更像是一次启发性的研究之旅，它让我亲眼看到了中外文化的异同，”吴说。A.warnings警告；B.examples例子；C.similarities相似；D.entertainments娱乐。与上文“thedifferencesand”差异对应的是相似性。故选C。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了饮食、交通和气候的明显差异外，给吴印象最深的是中国和外国截然不同的公开演讲风格。A.special特别的；B.awful糟糕的；C.unbelievable难以置信的；D.obvious明显的。根据后文“infood,transportationandclimate”可知，饮食、交通和气候是明显的差异，故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了饮食、交通和气候的明显差异外，给吴印象最深的是中国和外国截然不同的公开演讲风格。A.impressed使印象深刻；B.moved感动；C.frightened使害怕；D.worried使担心。根据后文“WuthemostwasthedistinctstylesofChineseandforeignpublicspeaking”可知，给吴印象最深的是中国和外国截然不同的公开演讲风格。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在IPSC的舞台上，演讲者没有讲台可以站在后面。A.sit坐下；B.stand站立；C.climb攀爬；D.jump跳跃。根据上文“Althoughstillateen,Wuisnostrangertothepublicspeakingpodium.(虽然还是个十几岁的孩子，但吴对公共演讲的讲台并不陌生)”可知，此处指演讲者没有讲台可以站在后面。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只需要面对观众。A.please取悦；B.face面对；C.amuse娱乐；D.trust
信任。根据后文“theaudience”可知没有讲台，需要面对观众。故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吴说：“这让我意识到眼神交流和肢体语言的重要性。”A.famous出名的；B.boring无聊的；C.hard努力的；D.important重要的。根据后文“eyecontactandbodylanguageare”指面对观众，眼神交流和肢体语言的重要性。故选D。【31题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：演讲者可以自由地用手势表达更多的信息，而不仅仅是语言。A.insteadof而不是；B.alongwith一起；C.becauseof因为；D.accordingto根据。根据上文“Speakershavethefreedomtoexpressmoreinformationwiththeirgestures”可知，演讲者可以自由地用手势表达更多的信息，而不仅仅是语言。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个引起吴注意的不同是评估标准。A.attention注意力；B.breath呼吸；C.step脚步；D.word单词。根据上文“AnotherdifferencethatcaughtWu’s”此处指另一个吸引吴注意力的标准。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他惊讶的是，IPSC组委会在活动开始前通知所有参赛者，口音和语法错误不会被考虑在评审过程中，这意味着情感的表达和你所传达的故事是最重要的。A.performance演出；B.trip旅程；C.event事件，活动；D.research研究。根据上文“theIPSCorganizingcommitteeinformedallthecontestantsbeforethe”可知，是在活动之前通知参赛者。故选C。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“观众渴望听到震撼人心的故事，尤其是那些能引起人们共鸣的故事，无论他们来自哪里。”A.difficult困难的；B.sorry抱歉的；C.careful仔细的；D.eager渴望的。根据后文“tohearpowerfulstories”指观众渴望听到震撼人心的故事，故选D。35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他说：“观众渴望听到震撼人心的故事，尤其是那些能引起人们共鸣的故事，无论他们来自哪里。”A.namely也就是；B.especially特别，尤其；C.definitely肯定；D.naturally自然地。根据后文“thosethatresonatewithpeople”可知，观众渴望听到震撼人心的故事，尤其是那些能引起人们共鸣的故事，故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thehumoreffectisacognitivebias(认知偏差)thatcausespeopletorememberinformationbetterwhentheyregarditashumorous.Forexample,whenstudents___36___(teach)anewconceptinahumorousway,suchasthroughafunnystory,they’regenerallymorelikelytorememberthatconcept,comparedtoiftheylearnitinanon-humorousmanner.Informationthathasthesameeffect___37___conceptsincludeswords,sentences,pictures,and___38___(mix)information,suchascartoonsandvideos.Humorhasvariousotherbenefitsbesidesimprovingmemory.
Humorreducesnegativeemotions,suchas___39___(angry)oranxiety,whichpeoplemightexperiencewhenprocessingcertaininformation.Humor___40___(lead)toincreasedinterest.Addinghumortotheinformationthatyou’representingcanmakeitmoreinterestingandappealingtoothers.Forexample,___41___(advertisement)thatusehumorreceivemoreattentionfrompeople.Humor,when___42___(proper)usedintherightcircumstances,canimproveotherpeople’simpressionofyou.Forexample,___43___(include)humorinaspeechcanpositivelyimpactthewayin___44___listenersunderstandthespeaker.Similarly,usinghumorcanimprovepeople’simpressionofyourwarmth____45____competence,especiallywhenyoucombineitwithnegativeinformationthatyouneedtotell.【答案】36.aretaught37.on38.mixed39.anger40.leads41.advertisements42.properly43.including44.which45.and【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在不同情境下，使用幽默的好处。【36题详解】考查时态语态。句意：例如，当学生以幽默的方式学习一个新概念时，比如通过一个有趣的故事，与以非幽默的方式学习相比，他们通常更容易记住这个概念。时间状语从句的主语students与谓语teach构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用复数。故填aretaught。【37题详解】考查介词。句意：对概念有相同影响的信息包括单词、句子、图片和混合信息，如漫画和视频。表示“对……有同样影响”短语为havethesameeffecton。故填on。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：对概念有相同影响的信息包括单词、句子、图片和混合信息，如漫画和视频。修饰后文名词information应用形容词mixed，意为“混合的”。故填mixed。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：幽默可以减少人们在处理某些信息时可能会经历的负面情绪，比如愤怒或焦虑。作介词的宾语，应用名词anger，不可数，与anxiety并列。故填anger。【40题详解】考查时态。句意：幽默能增加兴趣。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Humor，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填leads。【41题详解】考查名词的数。句意：例如，使用幽默的广告更受人们的关注。根据从句中use为原形，可知此处advertisement用复数。故填advertisements。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：幽默，如果在适当的场合使用得当，可以改善别人对你的印象。修饰动词used
应用副词properly，故填properly。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在演讲中加入幽默可以对听众理解演讲者的方式产生积极影响。作句子的主语，应用动名词形式。故填including。【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意：例如，在演讲中加入幽默可以对听众理解演讲者的方式产生积极影响。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构修饰先行词way，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：同样，使用幽默可以改善人们对你的热情和能力的印象，尤其是当你把它与你需要告诉的负面信息结合在一起时。此处warmth与competence为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你校英文报刊正在招聘英文记者。请你给负责此事的外教Mr.Black写封邮件，申请这个职位。内容包括：1.拥有良好的英语表达能力；2.关心时事；3.有做记者的经历；4.父亲名记者，深受其影响。注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Black,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearMr.Black,Seeingthatyourschool’sEnglishnewspaperisrecruitingEnglishjournalists,Iwouldliketoapplyforthisposition.IpossessexcellentEnglishcommunicationskills.Additionally,Iamhighlyattentivetocurrentaffairs.Duringmytimeatuniversity,Iworkedasajournalistforourschoolnewspaper,whereIwasresponsibleforinterviewingpeople,writingnewsreports.Furthermore,myfatherisajournalist,andhisprofessionhasgreatlyinfluencedme.Thankyoufortakingthetimetoreadmyapplication,andIlookforwardtoyourresponse.Yours,LiHua【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你校英文报刊正在招聘英文记者。请你给负责此事的外教Mr.Black写封邮件，申请这个职位。【详解】1.词汇积累招募：recruit→want想要：wouldliketo→feellike担任：workas→serveas此外：additionally/furthermore→besides2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：IpossessexcellentEnglishcommunicationskills.Additionally,Iamhighlyattentivetocurrentaffairs.拓展句：NotonlydoIpossessexcellentEnglishcommunicationskillsbutalsoIamhighlyattentivetocurrentaffairs.【点睛】[高分句型1]Duringmytimeatuniversity,Iworkedasajournalistforourschoolnewspaper,whereIwasresponsibleforinterviewingpeople,writingnewsreports.(运用了where引导非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]Seeingthatyourschool’sEnglishnewspaperisrecruitingEnglishjournalists,Iwouldliketoapplyforthisposition.(运用了现在分词作状语)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onceuponatime,therelivedayoungmanwhowishedhecouldsupporthimself.Whileexploringwhatbusinesshewouldtakeon,hemetaverywell-traveledman.Themantoldtheyoungmangreattalesofhistravel,andthenhetalkedaboutacountrythathadnoonions.Withoutanyfurtherthoughts,heboughtonions,filledhiscartandsethisjourneytowardsthiswildlyfantasticlandwithoutonions.Finally,afterseveraldayshearrivedintheonion-lesscountry.“Ibringyouagreatgiftfrommycountry,”theyoungmanproudlyannounced.“Theplantisnativetomyplacebutnewtoyours.Ithastheuniqueabilitytoimprovetheflavor(滋味)ofanyfood.ItwouldbegreatifIcouldofferyouthismagicplantwhichyou,inturn,introducetoyourpeople.”Theemperorwasalittlecautiousaboutlettingthestrangeplantinatfirst,buthelaterallowedtheyoungmantopreparesomefoodsusingtheonions.Theyoungmanusedallhisskillstopreparethefeastusingtheonions.Alltheempire’sministers,thenobilityandseniorofficialswereinvitedtothedinnerthatnight.Aftertheyoungmandidtheinitialtasting,thefeastbegan.Then,everyoneintheroomstartedeatingthefood.Itdidn’ttakelongforthehalltogetintoagreatnoiseofexcitement.Allpraisedthesmellandthetasteofthefood.Theemperorthankedtheyoungmanalot,demandedalloftheonions,andpaidhimitsweightingold.Onhisjourneybackhome,theyoungmanmetatrader.Forhoursthatnight,theyoungmantoldwhathehadseeninthatfarawayland,wheregoldwasworthlessthanonions.Healsotoldthetraderthathelearnedthatthecountrydidnothavegarlic(大蒜).Thetraderwasexcited.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Thetradercarriedhugebagsofgarlicandtookonthejourneytothecountrywithoutgarlic.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thetraderwasveryexcitedandmadeseveraltastydishesusinggarlic._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文Thetradercarriedhugebagsofgarlicandtookonthejourneytothecountrywithoutgarlic.Withthericheshewassureofawarmwelcome.Sincetheintroductionoftheonionsrecentlyoverjoyedtheland,theyweremoreopentotheideaoftryinghisgarlic.Whenhearrivedinthecountry,theroyalguardstookthemanwiththenewthingstotheemperor.Theemperoraskedhimtoprepareafeastusinggarlic.Thetraderwasveryexcitedandmadeseveraltastydishesusinggarlic.Thegarlicreceivedevenmorepraisesthantheonions,ashehadexpected.Theemperordiscussedwithhisministersforalongtimeabouttherewardfortheirnobleguestwhointroducedthemtothegarlic.Theyallagreedthatthegoldwasnotenoughforsuchdeliciousfood.Sotheydecidedtorewardhimwiththemostpreciousthingtheyhadtooffer.Whatcanbemorepreciousthangold?Onions!Thatnightthetraderreturnedhomewithbagsfullofonions.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个年轻人听了一个旅行家的见闻去一个没有洋葱的国家售卖洋葱，皇帝非常感谢这个年轻人，要了他所有的洋葱，并用同等重量的黄金付给他。后来年轻人遇到一个商人，告知商人自己的经历以及这个国家没有大蒜，于是商人带着大蒜前去售卖，结果皇帝却用洋葱来作为报酬给他。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“这个商人背着一大袋大蒜，踏上了去往没有大蒜的国家的旅程。”可知，第一段可描写商人来到了没有大蒜的国家，见到了皇帝。②由第二段首句内容“商人很兴奋，用大蒜做了几道美味的菜。”可知，第二段可描写商人用大蒜做好了菜，结果得到了洋葱作为报酬。2.续写线索：商人踏上旅程——商人来到没有大蒜的国家——见到皇帝——准备大蒜做的菜——得到赞扬——得到洋葱作为报酬3.词汇激活行为类①决定做某事：decidetodosth./bedeterminedtodosth.②提供：offer/provide③回家：returnhome/gobackhome情绪类①使大喜：overjoy/enrapture
②赞美：praise/compliment【点睛】[高分句型1]Sincetheintroductionoftheonionsrecentlyoverjoyedtheland,theyweremoreopentotheideaoftryinghisgarlic.(运用了since引导原因状语从句)[高分句型2]Theemperordiscussedwithhisministersforalongtimeabouttherewardfortheirnobleguestwhointroducedthemtothegarlic.(运用了who引导的限制性定语从句)
