备战2024年高考英语近两年名校联考模拟试精选05 阅读理解（说明文）（山东专用原卷版）.docx

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专题05阅读理解（说明文）1.2023年山东省山东师范大学附属中学高三试题2.2023年山东省实验中学高三模拟试题3.山东省东营市胜利第一中学2023年高三试题4.山东省青岛第二中学2023年高三试题5.山东省历城二中等学校2022年高三联考试题6.山东省泰安一中2023年高三试题7.2022年山东师范大学附属中学高三试题8.山东省济南外国语学校2022年高三试题9.2023年山东省潍坊市第一中学高三试题10.2023年山东省日照市高考二模英语试题11.2023年山东省济宁市高三试题12.2022年名校联盟山东省优质校高三试题1.【2023年山东省山东师范大学附属中学高三试题】DistancingduringtheCOVID-19pandemichasmadebothphysicalandsocialconnectionsatouchmoredifficulttomaintain.ForStanfordUniversitystudentMillieSalvato,beingapartfromherfriendontheoppositecoasthasprovedchallenging.Sometimesatextorvideocallisnotenough,andpeopleinSalvato’ssituationoftenlongforawaytosendacomfortinghugfromafar.InanewstudydetailedinIEEETransactionsonHaptics,sheandhercolleaguesdemonstratedawearablesleevethatcansimulate(模拟)humantouchandconveysocialmessagessentelectronically.Salvatoandherteammeasuredhow37participantsexpressedsocialmessagesindifferentsituations.Ineachtest,onepersonworeapressure-sensingdeviceonanarm,andanothertouchedittorespondtosixdifferentscenes:attentionseeking,gratitude,happiness,calming,loveandsadness.Aftercollecting661touchmovements,Salvatoandhercolleaguesmappedthelocationandpressureofeach.Next,theyusedamachine-learningalgorithm(算法)toselectthemovementsthatweremostreliablypartofeachresponse.Finally,theyprogrammedawearablesleevetosimulatethesemovementsusingeightbuilt-indisksthatvibratewhenelectronicallysignaled.“Theinstantitreceivedsignals,Icouldfeelthetouchandidentifyitsintendedmeaning.“Oneparticipant学科网（北京）股份有限公司 reported.Evenwithnotraining,theparticipantscorrectlymatchedthesimulatedtouchestothesixscenes45percentofthetime.Forcomparison,apreviousstudyfoundparticipantscouldmatchscenesfortouchesfromrealhumanhands55percentofthetime.Gerling,atouchresearcheratHarvardwhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saidtheinventionwasreallysurprising.Butthestudywassmallandneedstocoverfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhicharethemostdesirableresponses.Besides,hebelievesthesleevesurelywillenjoygreatpopularityoncelaunchedonthemarket.8．Whatwereparticipantsaskedtododuringthestudy?A．Pickupreliableresponses.B．Modelonelectronictouches.C．Respondtodifferentsituations.D．Markoutprogrammedmovements.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vibrate”meaninparagraph2?A．Alarm.B．Shake.C．Shine.D．Inform.10．WhatdoesGerlingsuggestaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Coveringmorescenes.B．Launchingonthemarket.C．Conductingfurtherresearch.D．Interviewingtheparticipants.11．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ElectronicSleevesHelpingFeelVirtualTouchB．NewTechnologyImprovingSocialConnectionsC．NewSensingDeviceIncreasingPhysicalTouchesD．ElectronicSleevesRespondingtoDifferentSituations2.【2023年山东省实验中学高三模拟试题】Weallknoweatingultra-processedfoodsthatmakeourliveseasier—suchassauces,andfrozenpizza—isn’tgoodforourhealth.Studieshavefoundtheycanraiseourriskofobesity,heartproblems,diabetesandcancer.Theymayevenshortenourlives.Now,anewstudyhasrevealedeatingmoreultra-processedfoodsmaycontributetooverallcognitivedecline,includingthebrainexecutivefunctioning—theabilitytoprocessinformationandmakedecisions.“Whileinneedoffurtherstudy,thenewresultsarequitecompellingandemphasizethecriticalrolefor学科网（北京）股份有限公司 propernutritioninpreservingandpromotingbrainhealthandreducingriskforbraindiseases,“saidTanzi,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Hewasnotinvolvedinthestudybuthesaidinhisbook,“They,are,veryhighinsugar,saltandfat,promotingsystemicinflammation,perhapsthemostmajorthreattohealthyaging.Meanwhile,sincetheyareconvenientandquick,theyalsoreplacefiberfoodsimportantformaintainingthehealthandbalanceofbacteriainyourgut,”headded,“whichisparticularlyimportantforbrainhealthandreducingriskofage-relatedbraindiseaseslikeAlzheimer’Thestudy,presentedatthe2022Alzheimer’sAssociationInternationalConference,followedover10,000Braziliansfor10years.“InBrazil,ultra-processedfoodsmakeup25%to30%oftotalcalorieintake.WehaveMcDonald’sandBurgerKing.ItisnotverydifferentfrommanyotherWesterncountries,”saidcoauthorDr.Suemoto.Ultra-processedfoodsaredefinedas”industrialformulationsoffoodsubstancescontaininglittleornowholefoodsandtypicallyincludeflavorings,coloringsandotherchemicaladditives“accordingtothestudy.“Peopleconsumingover20%ofdailycaloriesfromprocessedfoodshada28%fasterdeclineinglobalcognitionanda25%fasterdeclineinexecutivefunctioningcomparedtopeoplewhonot,”saidstudycoauthorNatalia.Thoseinthestudywhoatethemostultra-processedfoodsware“morelikelytobeyounger,women,White,hadhighereducationandincomes,andweremorelikelytohaveneversmoked,”thestudyfound.“Peopleneedtoknowtheyshouldcookmore,”Suemotosaid.“Andit’sworthitbecauseyou’regoingtoprotectyourheartandguardyourbrain,”sheadded.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compelling”meaninParagraph2?A．Convincing.B．Surprising.C．Suspicious.D．Invaluable.9．Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A．WhoevernevercooksissuretodevelopAlzheimer.B．Ultra-processedfoodsonlyaffectyourexecutivefunction.C．TanziisthefirsttofindtheproblemwithUltra-processedfoods.D．Brazilians’calorieintakeisnotdifferentfrommostwesterners.10．Whoislikelytoeatmoreultra-processedfoods?A．Anoldbeggar.B．Aheavysmoker.C．Ayoungprofessor.D．Alow-incomeman.11．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Ultra-processedfoodscanharmyourhealth.B．FiberfoodscanreducetheriskofAlzheimer.C．Fiberfoodsmaymaintainthebalanceofbacteria.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D．Ultra-processedfoodswillleadtocognitivedecline.3.【山东省东营市胜利第一中学2023年高三试题】Thereisakindofclimatepollutionthatwecan’tseeclearly.Itisn’tinourrivers,landsorskies,itisinourminds.Whenclimatedisinformationgoesunchecked,itspreadslikewildfire,underminingtheexistenceofclimatechangeandtheneedforurgentaction.Likethebiospherethatsustainsus,thehealthofourinformationecosystemsisvitaltooursurvival.Asanartist,Ifeelaresponsibilitytocreatenewwaysofseeingthedisinformationthathascometodefinetheageoffakenews.Socialmediasitesarehonedtograbourattention.Usingsophisticatedalgorithms,thecorporationsbehindthemdecidewhatbillionsofpeopleseearoundtheworld,dictatedbywhatkeepsyouhooked,butalsobywhatthecompaniespayingsocialmediasiteschoosetoputinfrontofyou.Powerfulcorporateactorsdeploycleverinfluencecampaignsviaadstargetedatspecificusersbasedonwhatsocialmediafirmsknowaboutthosepeople.Majoroilandgascompanieshavespentbillionsofdollarsovertheyearspersuadingconsumersabouttheirgreenproofs,whenonly1percentoftheirexpenditurein2019wasonrenewableenergy.Thisisknownascorporategreenwashing.Still,fossilfuelfirmsmaintainthattheirclimatepoliciesare“responsible”and“inlinewiththescience”.Toexposethescaleofcorporategreenwashingonline,IwaspartofateamthatrecentlylaunchedEco-Bot.Net.Co-createdwithartistRob“3D”DelNajaofthebandMassiveAttackandDaleVince,agreenentrepreneur,Eco-Bot.Net’sAI-poweredwebsiteranthroughouttheCOP26climatesummit,exposingclimatechangemisinformationbyreleasingaseriesofdatadropsforheavilypollutingsectors,includingenergy,agribusinessandaviation.AcademicdefinitionsofclimatedisinformationandgreenwashingwereusedtounearthpostsacrossFacebook,InstagramandTwitterandvisualizethemonourwebsite.Eco-Bot.Netthenflaggedgreenwashingadsandpostsontheoriginalsocialmediasitewithapublichealthwarning.Bydiggingintoourdata,journalistshavealreadyrevealedthatcompaniesaretargetingspecificdemographicsinordertoinfluencepublicperceptionsaboutclimatechange–andevenaltergovernmentpolicy.Onedatadropfocusedonthe100biggestfossilfuelproducers,companiesthathavebeenthesourceof71percentofglobalcarbonemissions.Itfoundthat16ofthesecompaniesran1705greenwashingandclimatemisinformationadsgloballyonFacebookandInstagramthisyear.Intotal,theyspentmorethan£4millioncreatinginfluencecampaignsthatgeneratedupto155millionimpressions.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Socialmediacompaniescouldendmostoftheharmsfromclimatedisinformationontheirplatformsiftheywantedto.Flaggingsystemswereswiftlyintroducedtowarnusersofpostscontainingdisinformationaboutcovid-19.Thescientificconsensusonhuman-causedglobalwarminghasbeenresolutefordecades,sowhycan’tasimilarflaggingsystembeimplementedforrelateddisinformation?ItistruethatTwitterandFacebookhavebothintroducedclimatescienceinformationhubs,butthesearelittlemorethanPRexercisesthatfailtodirectlytackleclimatedisinformationonanykindofscale.Thisepidemicofclimatechangedisinformationonsocialmediaiserodingcollectiveideasoftruth.Inthispost-truthageofdisinformation,wehopethatthepublic,thepressandpolicy-makerswillbeabletouseourdatafindingstoseewhatishiddenbywhatweseeonline.Forthefirsttime,wecanwitnesstheregionalscaleofcorporategreenwashing.Theeraofclimatedenialanddelayislargelyover—except,asEco-Bot.Nethasrevealed,onsocialmedia.8．Whatdoestheword“undermine”inthefirstparagraphmeaninthepassage?A．Digholesintheground.B．Makesthweakeratthebase.C．Increaseorfurtherimprove.D．Putastoptosth.9．TheauthorusedthecaseofmajoroilandgascompaniesinParagraphFourinorderto________.A．givethereadersaprecisedefinitionofcorporategreenwashingB．showthedishonestclaimbyfossilfuelcompaniesontheirresponsibleclimatepoliciesC．demonstratethehugeinvestmentthecorporationsmadetoexertpowerfulinfluenceonthetargetedsocialmediausersbasedonalgorithmD．emphasizethetensofmillionsofdollarsspentonrenewableenergy10．Whichofthefollowingindustrycontributesmosttoclimatechange?A．energyB．agribusinessC．aviationD．socialmedia11．Whatistheauthor’sopinionofsocialmedia?A．Theyarewillingtohelpbutfeelpowerlesstodoso.B．Theyhavetheabilitytomakeachangebutrefusetodosoastherearecontroversiesoverclimatechanges.C．Theyhavetheabilitytomakeachangeandhavemadesomesincerebutfruitlesseffortsonit.D．Theylosetheirintegrityinfaceofthemoneyfromthebigcorporations.4.【山东省青岛第二中学2023年高三试题】Psychologicalscienceisfullofinterestingtopics,manyofwhichtellacoherentpictureofhumannature,butsomeofwhichcreateseeminglycontradictorystories.Acaseinpointisthetrickyandmisunderstoodoverlap学科网（北京）股份有限公司 betweenstrength-basedscienceandtheresearchonnarcissism(自恋).Thereisnowconvincingevidencetoshowthatnarcissismisontherise,especiallyinouryouth.Someresearcherssaythatabout25%ofyoungpeopleshowingsymptomsofnarcissism.TheinflatedegoofGenerationMeisreflectedinrealityTV,celebrityworship,andout-of-controlconsumerism.Wearecorrecttobeconcernedaboutthisphenomenon,butourfearthatallkidsarepotentialnarcissistshascausedanunhelpfulcounter-reactiontoapproachesthatseektomakeourchildrenandteensfeelgoodaboutthemselves.Inmyownresearchonstrength-basedparenting,itiscommonforpeopletowronglythinkthisapproachtobethecauseofnarcissism.Theirargumentseemstobethatachildwhoknowstheirstrengthswillautomaticallyviewthemselvesasbetterthaneveryoneelse.Itisarguedthattheself-assurancethatcomeswithidentifyingandusingtheirpositivequalitieswillmakeachildselfishanduncaring.Genuineconfidenceaboutone’sstrengthsiscategorizedasover-confidence;desirableself-knowledgeisbrandedasexcessiveself-admiration.Whydoesthisoccur?It’spartlybecausemoreisknownaboutnarcissismthanstrengths.Whilestrengthspsychologyhaslargelystayedwithinthelimitofacademicjournals,researchonnarcissismhasmadeitswayintothemassmediaandourdailylife.TheNewYorkTimesnotedthatnarcissismisafavoredtopicandthatpeopleeverywherearediagnosingotherswithit.Thefearthatastrength-basedapproachwillcausenarcissismalsooccursbecauseofourbinary(非此即彼)thinking.Wemistakenlybelievethatonecannotbebothconfidentandhumble.WefocusonDonaldTrumpandKimKardashianratherthanMahatmaGandhiandMotherTeresa.Withoutconfidenceintheirstrengths,GandhiandMotherTeresacouldn’thaveachievedsomuch,andyetmodestyandselflessnessaretheirqualities.Whenweassumethatstrength-focusisthesameasaself-focus,wefailtomaketheideaclearthatpeoplewhoknowtheirstrengthsare,actually,morelikelytobepro-socialandreadytohelpothers.It’seasytoconcludethateveryyoungpersonisatriskofbecominganarcissistbutI’dliketostandupforthethousandsofyoungkidsIhaveworkedwithwhoarecaring,thoughtfulandhumble—evenwhentheyusetheirstrengths.8．Whichofthefollowingopinionsmaythewriteragreewith?A．Strength-basedparentingleadstonarcissism.B．It’sunhelpfulforustomakeourchildrenfeelgoodaboutthemselves.C．Tosayallkidsarepotentialnarcissistsisoverstatingthecase.D．Childrenwhoknowtheirstrengthstendtobemoreselfishanduncaring.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 9．Whyareteenagers’strengthsoftenconsideredasnarcissism?A．Thereisalackofnarcissisminourcommonsense.B．Academicjournalsreportmoreonnarcissism.C．Manypeoplearediagnosedwithnarcissismbydoctors.D．Thegeneralpublichaslessaccesstostrengthspsychology.10．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsyoungkids’strength-basedapproaches?A．Skeptical.B．Favorable.C．Neutral.D．Doubtful.11．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Teens’ConfidenceMisunderstoodB．Teens’NarcissismDiagnosisC．Teens’Strength-basedApproachD．Teens’PsychologyResearch5.【山东省历城二中等学校2022年高三联考试题】“Doc,mywife’sbreastcancerhascomebackandspreadtoherbones”.Myfriend’seyesfilledwithtearswhenhespokethosechillingwords.Likemillionsofothercancerpatients,hiswifehadbeentreatedsuccessfully.Cancerrecurrenceisneveragoodsign,butitdoesn’tmeanyouhavetogiveuphope.Overthepastdecade,powerfulnewtreatmentshavebeendevelopedtofightmoststubborncancers.Most,however,arestillbeingtestedinso-calledclinicaltrials,andgettingyourselfenrolledinonetakessomedoing.Clinicaltrialsareresearchstudiesonhumanpatientstotestthesafetyandeffectivenessofnewtreatments.Therearehundredsofclinicalcancertrialsunderway,involvingthousandsofpatients.Whatmostpeopledon’trealizeisthatthescientistswhoconductthesestudiesneedtestsubjectsalmostasbadlyasthesubjectsneedtreatment,andthatlatelythescientistshavebeenrunningshortofwillingparticipants.AtaconferenceonclinicaltrialsheldrecentlyinAlexandria,Virginia,researcherstryingtodevisestrategiesforsigningupmorepatientsnotedthatoneofthereasonstherehasbeensomuchprogressintreatingpediatric(小儿科的)cancersintheUSoverthepast20yearsisthat60%ofallchildrenwithcancerareenrolledinsomekindoftrial.Withadults,enrollmentfallsoffdramatically,toonly2%to3%ofeligiblepatients.Whyisthis?Partlyit’sowingtopatientmisconceptions.“Patientsareconcernediftheyenteraclinicaltrialthattheymaybepartoftheunluckygroupthatgetstheplaceboor‘dummytreatment’andnottherealmedicine,”saysDr.BobComis,presidentoftheNationalCancerCooperativeGroups.Theythinktheplacebogroupgetnotreatmentatall,wheninactitgetswhateverisconsideredthebestcurrentstandardofcare.Costshouldn’tbeaconsideration.Mostclinicaltrialsarefreetopatients;someevenpaytheirsubjects.Insurancecompaniesinthepasthavebeenreluctanttocoverthenon-experimentalpartofthetreatment,butthey学科网（北京）股份有限公司 arestartingtocomearound.Nowitistruethatresearchscientistsdon’talwayshavethebestbedsidemanner,andsometimestheyunnecessarilykeeppatientsinthedark.Andtheconsentformsareoftensoencrustedwithmedicaljargonthatsomepatientsjoke.28．Whatisthewriter’sgeneralattitudetowardscancerrecurrence?A．SympatheticB．frustratedC．optimisticD．discouraged29．Whatcanwelearnaboutclinicalcancertrials?A．Someclinicaltrialsshowthatnewtreatmentsaresafeandeffective.B．Thescientistsarelackingincancerpatientsintheirclinicaltrials.C．Thereismuchprogressintreatingadultswithcancerinclinicaltrials.D．Researchershavefoundwaysofcuring60%ofallchildrenwithcancer.30．Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“dummy”inParagraph3?A．FeeandeffectiveB．harmlessbutineffectiveC．freeandharmfulD．expensivebuteffective31．Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthispassage?A．Cancerpatientsinclinicaltrialsenjoythebestcurrentstandardofcare.B．Whyadultswithcancerareunwillingtosignupforclinicaltrials.C．Clinicalcancertrialsareunderway,thoughwithsomeproblems.D．Cancerrecurrenceiscurableinclinicaltrials.6.【山东省泰安一中2023年高三试题】Accordingtoasurvey,thewasteoffoodonthediningtableoccupies10%ofthetotalgrainoutput.LastweekMeituanco-publishedaproposalwithanumberofbusinessorganizations,callingonrestaurantstostopfoodwasteandhelpdevelopneweatinghabitsforcustomers.“Restaurantsshoulduseofficialaccountsonsocialmediaandlive-streamingtopromoteandadvocatefood-savingactions,”theproposalsaid.Meituanandtheorganizationsareadvocatingthatmerchantsofferguidanceforconsumers,includingremindingthemduringtheorderingprocessaboutthetasteoftheingredients,portionsizesandotherinformationaboutthedishes,tohelpthemavoidfoodwasteduetomisleadinginformation.Cateringassociationsinmorethan18provinceshavealsojoinedthecampaigntoremovefoodwaste.TheWuhanCateringAssociationproposedan“N-1”orderingcodeforrestaurantsinwhichagroupof10dinerswouldonlyorderenoughforninepeople.Morefoodisonlybroughttothetableifrequired.Ithasinspiredpeople学科网（北京）股份有限公司 torethinktheirrelationshipwithfoodandwaste.OnFriday,theChinaCuisineAssociationannouncedthatithadteamedupwithEle.me,afooddeliveryplatform,tolauncha“half-dishplan",encouragingrestaurantstoprovidecustomerswiththeoptiontoordersmallerportions.Besides,customersareencouragedtotaketheirleftovershome.Toreducefoodwasteonsocialmediaplatforms,somepopularvideoplatformshavesteppedupcontentreviewsoffood-relatedlivestreamsandimplementedregulationofonlineeatingshows.Now,ifuserssearchcertainkeywords,suchas“eatingshow"or“competitiveeaters",acautionarymessagepopsuptoremindthemtocherishfoodandkeepareasonablediet.8．Whatisthepurposeoftheproposalmentionedinthepassage?A．Tomonitorfoodsalesonsocialmediaandlive-streaming.B．ToexpandthebusinessandcompetitiveabilityofMeituan.C．Toencouragerestaurantstotakemeasurestoreducefoodwaste.D．TopromotecooperationbetweenMeituanandotherorganizations.9．HowisParagraph3developed?A．Bydoingasurvey.B．Byofferinganalysis.C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Bygivinganexample.10．Whatisthesuggestionforconsumersinthepassage?A．Purchasingtheirfavoritefood.B．Buyingproperamountsoffood.C．Followingsomecompetitiveeaters.D．Leavingtheirleftoversintherestaurant.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“popsup”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Appearsunexpectedly.B．Spreadswidely.C．Movesquickly.D．Fadesslowly.7.【2022年山东师范大学附属中学高三试题】AsaresultofCOVID-19precautions,manyofusarepartofthissecondaryepidemic:peoplewhoreallyneedahug.Asurveyconductedin112countriessaidmorethan50%ofthepeopledidn’tgetenoughsuchphysicalinteractionascuddling(拥抱).Andthatwasbeforethepandemicsetin.AstheCOVID-relatedlockdownsaretakingeffect,thatnumberincreasesto60%,accordingtoastudypublishedintheMedicalResearchArchivesoftheEuropeanSocietyofMedicine.Health-careprofessionalshavegivenanametothiscondition—touchstarvation.Touchstarvationmaysoundemotionalinthemostliteralsense,buttheideaissupportedbyhard-core学科网（北京）股份有限公司 biology.Itstartswithhormones.“Cuddlingincreaseslevelsofoxytocin,thebondinghormone,anddecreaseslevelsofcortisol,thestresshormone,”saysLinaVelikova,animmunologist.ArecentstudypublishedinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofScienceshavefoundthatthisveryactcanhelpeasepain,especiallyifthepersonyouaretouchingissomeoneyoufeelclosetopersonally.“Evenminorphysicalcontactcanbebeneficialtobothofyou,”saysRomanoff,PsyD,aclinicalpsychologistatLenoxHillHospitalinNewYorkCity.Physicaltouchisanessentialpartofhowhumanbeingscommunicate.Partofthepowerofphysicaltouchcomesfromtheveryfactthatitdoesnotinvolvespokenlanguage.Bodylanguageisoftenhardertofake.Theactofcuddlingauthenticallycommunicatestrustandsafetyinwayspeoplecan’tspeak.Notallcuddlingiscreatedequal,andthere’snoonerightwaytodoit.Ifonewaydoesn’tfeelright,trysomethingelse.Footrubs,headrubs,backrubs,hand-holdinglayingyourheadonsomeone’schestsittingonalaporsidebysideonthecouchwithlegstouching—allthesethingscount.Forpeoplewhoaren’tfullycomfortablewithphysicaltouchandarenotaccustomedtogivingorreceivingphysicalaffection,it’simportanttostartslowly,bothinthequantityandqualityofphysicalcontact.8．Whatistouchstarvation?A．Ademandforfood.B．Aneedforphysicalcontact.C．Ashortageofcareandlove.D．Afeelingoflonelinessincrisis.9．WhatismainlytalkedaboutontouchstarvationinParagraph2?A．Itscause.B．Itsfunction.C．Itsmeaning.D．Itsinfluence.10．Whatplaysakeyroleinphysicaltouch?A．Quantity.B．Quality.C．Closeness.D．Genuineness.11．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A．CuddlingcontributestoourhealthB．EpidemicbringsabouthealthproblemsC．PhysicaltouchimprovesmedicalconditionD．Touchstarvationharmsinterpersonalrelationship8.【山东省济南外国语学校2022年高三试题】In1960theAralSeawasoneoftheworld’slargestinlandwaterbodies,coveringanareaofapproximately68,000squarekilometers(26,000squaremiles).Bytheyear2000theareacoveredbytheAralSeahadbecomelessthanhalfits1960size,itsvolumereducedby80percent.Byabout2010allthatwillremainwillbethreeshallowremnants.WhatcausedtheAralSeatoevaporateoverthepast40years?Asrecentlyas1965,theAralSeareceivedabout50cubickilometers(12cubicmiles)offreshwaterperyear.Bytheearly1980sthisnumberhaddeclinedtonearlyzero.ThereasonwasthatthewatersoftheAmuDaryaandSyrDaryahadbeendivertedtosupplyamajorexpansionofirrigatedagricultureinthisdryrealm.Theintensiveirrigationhasgreatlyincreasedagriculturalproductivity,butnotwithoutsignificantcosts.Thedeltasofthetwomajorrivershavelosttheirwetlands,andwildlifehasdisappeared.Theoncethrivingfishingindustryhasbeeneliminated,andthe24speciesoffishthatonceinhabitedtheAralSeaarenolongerthere.Theshorelineisnowtensofkilometersfromthetownsthatwereoncefishingcenters.Theshrinkingseahasexposedmillionsofacresofformerseabedtosunandwind.Thesurfaceiscoveredwithsaltandagrochemicalsbroughtbytherivers.Strongwindsroutinelypickupthousandsoftonsofnewlyexposedmaterialseveryyearanddepositthemthroughouttheregion.Thisprocesshasnotonlycontributedtoasignificantreductioninairqualityfortheregion’spopulation,buthasalsoappreciablyreducedcropyieldsduetothedepositsofsalt-richsedimentsonfarmableland.TheshrinkingAralSeahashadanoticeableimpactonclimate.Withoutthemoderatingeffectofalargewaterbody,therearegreaterextremesoftemperature,ashortergrowingseason,andreducedlocalprecipitation.Thesechangeshavecausedmanyfarmstoswitchfromgrowingcottontogrowingrice,whichdemandsevenmoredivertedwater.13．WhyhavecropyieldsbeenreducedonthelandsurroundingtheAmuDaryaandtheSyrDarya?A．TheAralSeanolongerprovidesthelandwithfreshwaterforirrigation.B．Thefarmershavestoppedusingchemicalfertilizers.C．Thesaltcontentofthesoilhasincreased.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D．Erosionduetowindhasincreased.14．Theword“routinely”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto________.A．forcefullyB．necessarilyC．unfortunatelyD．regularly15．Whatisonereasonwhymanyfarmshavebeguntogrowriceinsteadofcotton?A．Ricerequireslesswater.B．Riceischeapertogrow.C．Riceneedsashortergrowingseason.D．Ricehaslessimpactonclimate.9.【2023年山东省潍坊市第一中学高三试题】This3-milestretchofsandandtidepoolsbeneathacastleof80-footcliffsisaCaliforniatourismposterifthereeverwasone.Nothingdisturbstheperfect,sunnyview,except—onceyou’reawareofthem—microplasticparticles(颗粒).Butyouhavetolookclose-on-your-hands-and-kneesclose-toseeone.Andonceyoudo,youseeanotherandanother—somanythatyoumaynotthinkofthis,oranybeach,thesamewayagain.Thesetinypreproductionplasticballsthatmanufacturers(生产商)meltdowntoformeverythinghavebeenescapingfactories,containerships,trains,trucks—andpublicnotice—fordecades.The2-to3-millimeter,multicoloredballsareasubset(子集)ofmicroplastic-plasticparticleslessthan5millimetersinsize.Microplasticparticlesaccumulatewherewatertakesthem,andthey’vebeenfoundonshorelinesofeverycontinent.DrMcReynoldsisanenvironmentalscientistwho’snowjoinedaglobalmovementstudyingtheirtrailintotheenvironment.Establishingabaselinecountofthepresenceofmicroplasticparticles—and,morebroadly,anymicroplastics—isthefocusofDrMcReynolds’scientificstudyhere.Chartingthecount,notingtide,current,andweatherconditionswillshowifamountsareincreasing,andperhapsatwhatrateandwhy.Thatknowledge,hesays,caninformsolutionstoplasticpollutionsuchasregulationoftheiruse.“Whatareyoudoing?Pickinguptrash?”asksasteadystreamofbeachwalkerswheneverDrMcReynolds’crewwalksontothebeachandsetsupequipment.TheseareteachablemomentsforDrMcReynolds.Onerecentmorninghetoldsomebeachwalkershowmicroplasticparticlesarebelievedtoabsorbtoxicchemicals,and—becausetheyresemblefisheggs—areeatenbyfishandbirdsandenterthefoodchain.Almost学科网（北京）股份有限公司 rightontime,aseagullhoppeduptoaplastic-coatedphotoofmicroplasticparticlesandhungrilypecked(啄食)atit.Willhisworkhelpsavetheworld?DrMcReynoldswavesafingeratthatidea,“Iwon’teverusethatword—Iwon’tsavetheworldfromthispollutionproblem.Preserveit,yes.Wewanttotakecareofit.”8．Whatdoweknowaboutmicroplasticparticlesfromparagraph1?A．Theyaretoosmalltobeseen.B．Theyhavebeenignoredforlong.C．Theyareproductsofplasticballs.D．Theycanbemadeintoalmosteverything.9．WhatdoesDrMcReynoldsfocusoninhisstudy?A．Classifyingplasticparticlesintosubsets.B．Findingsolutionstoplasticpollution.C．Chartingthetidesandcurrentsofoceans.D．Creatingadatacollectionformicroplastics.10．Whatdoesaseagull’speckingatthepictureprove?A．Theinterestingteachablemoments.B．Thespreadofpoisonouschemicals.C．Theharmfuleffectofmicroplasticparticles.D．Thebeautyofthephotoofmicroplasticparticles.11．WhatdoesDrMcReynoldsexpectofhiswork?A．Tosavetheworld.B．Toprotecttheearth.C．Toeducatethepublic.D．Toprovidesolutions.10.【2023年山东省日照市高考二模英语试题】CrossingPhoenix,Arizona,are180milesofcanals.In1867,thecity’sfoundingfather,JackSwillingsawtheremainsofirrigation(灌溉)channelswanderingacrossthelandscape.Herealizedthat,centuriesbefore,somesocietyhadfarmedthisdesert.Soonafter,Swillingbeganclearingtheblockedcanalstobringagriculturebacktotheregion.Threeyearslater,Swillingandotherpioneersmettoconsidernamesfortheirsettlement.ThetoptwowerePumpkinvilleandStonewall.Luckily,EnglishadventurerDarrellDuppaproposedanameinspiredbytheresurrection(复兴)ofthecanals.“Agreatraceoncelivedhereandanothergreatracewilllivehereinthefuture,”heconsidered.“Ipredictthatanewcitywillspring,phoenix-like,fromtheruinsandashesoftheold.”GaryHuckleberry,aresearcher,said,“Inthesouthwest,wehavesomeseriousissuestodealwithintermsofwater.TheColoradoRiveristhemainsourceofwaterforthesouthwestandit’soverdistributed.We’vegotpopulationgrowthandclimatechange.Howarewegoingtodealwiththat?Ithinkthere’ssomethingtobelearnedbylookingatpastsocietieswhomanagedwaterforthousandsofyears.”ThatgreatsocietywastheHohokam.Between100and1450AD,theyconstructed1,000milesofcanals.As学科网（北京）股份有限公司 theHohokamexpandedtheirnetwork,theyconstantlyrepaired,cleanedanddivertedthecanals.“Itrequirescooperation,becausealltheusersofthewaterfromthatcanalhavetoagreenotonlytoconstructit,butalsotomaintainit,”Henderson,ascientist,said.“Userswouldhavetoagreetocertainconditionstokeeptheentiresystemgoing.”TheHohokamcommittedtosharingwaterandputthemselvesontimetables.TheHohokamusedcanalirrigationfor3,000years.“That,tome,isthedefinitionofsustainabledevelopment,”Huckleberrysaid.“Theylearnedhowtosustainablyfarm,tomanagewater,tonotdestroytheirsoilsinawaythatisworthyandmightgiveusinsightintohowwemightdealwiththecurrenttrouble.Ithinkoneofthekeylessonsisthatyoudon’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.”8．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Thereconstructionofcanals.B．Theoriginofthecity’snamePhoenix.C．Thediscoveryoftheirrigationchannels.D．Theagriculturaldevelopmentinthesettlement.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A．Thesourceofwater.B．Theclimatechange.C．Thepopulationgrowth.D．Theover-distributionofwater.10．WhatdoesHendersonsayabouttheHohokam?A．Theywereexpertinfarming.B．Theywerepoorattimemanagement.C．Theyhadastrongsenseofteamspirit.D．Theyfoughtfortheirrightstousewater.11．WhichofthefollowingwouldHuckleberryagreewith?A．Canalirrigationisoutofdate.B．Sustainabledevelopmentmatters.C．Farmingcansolvecurrenttrouble.D．Thelossofsoilsisworsethanbefore.11.【2023年山东省济宁市高三试题】Keepingalanguagealivecanstrengthenpeople’ssenseofidentityandmostimportantlyleadtothepreservationofawholeculture.ThisisprobablywhyagroupofCherokeemusicartistsdecidedtocreateamusicalbum(唱片)exclusivelyintheCherokeelanguage,ahighlyendangeredNativeAmericanlanguage.Currently,therearefewerthan2,000fluentspeakersofthelanguageremainingintheworld,andthenumberisdecliningeveryyear.Thealbum,tiltedDOAPoaVandpronounced‘Ah’‘Nuh’‘Duh’‘Nah’‘Lees’‘Gi’,means“Performers”inEnglish.Itiscomprisedofarangeofcontemporarystyles,includingPop,Reggae,Country,HeavyMetal,HipHop,andFolk.WithaplannedreleasedateofLaborDayweekend,therecordcompanyisusingtheplatformoftheNationalCherokeeHolidaytogivethisalbumasmuchexposureaspossible.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 JeremyCharles,akeyfigureingettingthisalbumofftheground,hassaidthatthe“musicwillshineaspotlightonCherokeeartistsandspeakers,andincreaseexposuretoourcultureandlanguageworldwide”.HeaimsforthealbumtobeaninspirationtothenextgenerationofCherokeelanguagelearners.Featuring12Cherokeeartistsrangingfromages14to50,youcanseehowthisalbumisgoingtodoalotforthepromotionofCherokeemusicandcaninspirepeopleofanyagetomakemusicthatconnectswiththeirheritage(遗产).Theyoungestcontributoronthealbum,LillianCharles,isonlyin8thgradebuthadamajorcontributiontotheGoth-popsong  “Circus”—asongshewroteattheageof12.ItoriginallywritteninEnglish,sheworkedwithtranslatorsBobbieSmithandKathySierratobeabletofullyexpressherselfinCherokee.ProjectsliketheDOOAPoaValbumbringamodernapproachtorevitalizinglanguageandcultureandencourageayoungeraudience,togetinvolvedandstartlearningtheCherokeelanguage.Onaverage,anativelanguageislostforevereverytwoweeks,andthesepeoplewanttomakesurethattheCherokeelanguageisn’toneofthem.4．Whatcanwelearnaboutthealbumfromparagraph2?A．Ithasvariousmusicalstyles.B．ItistitledPerformersinEnglish.C．ItsingshighpraiseofLaborDay.D．Itwasexposedtothepublicbychance.5．What’sJeremyCharles’sexpectationofthealbum?A．Itwillmakeahugeprofitfortherecordcompany.B．Itcanhelpthe12artistsrisetofameovernight.C．Itwillsatisfythefans’demandforpopmusic.D．Itcanfueltheyouth’sinterestinCherokeelanguage.6．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“revitalizing”inthelastparagraph?A．Translating.B．Reviewing.C．Restoring.D．Creating.7．What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A．Alarming!TheCherokeeLanguageisDyingB．Amazing!An8thGraderisReleasinganAlbumC．BringingMusictoLifewithModernTechnologyD．PreservingaLanguageThroughthePowerofMusic12.【2022年名校联盟山东省优质校高三试题】学科网（北京）股份有限公司 MoranworksattheCaliforniaAcademyofSciences,whichiscappedby2.5acresoflivingroofwherenearly1.7millionplants,insectsandbirdsflourish.Thebuildinghasbeenpainstakinglydesignedtobeamongoneofthemostenvironmentally-friendlyintheworld.Solarpanelsthatsurroundthelivingroofprovide5%ofthebuilding’senergy,whilewaterflowingthroughpipesinthebathroomsalsogeneratespower.Automaticskylightsopenandclosetohelpregulatethetemperatureinsidethebuildingwhilenaturalsunlightisusedtolightthebuildingasmuchaspossible.Duringhis15yearsattheacademy(研究院),Moranhashelpeddesign,buildandnowmaintainthebuilding’sgreensystems.Constructingnewenvironmentally-friendlybuildingsliketheoneMoranworksinisexpectedtogeneratemorethan6.5millionjobsby2030,accordingtopredictionsbytheInternationalLaborOrganization.Nexttoenergy,itwillbethesecondfastestgrowingsectorforgreenjobsinthecomingdecades.Thisjobsgrowthcomesfromagrowingneedforbuildingsthatcandealwithmultipleproblems:meetingtoughclimate-changetargets;risingenergycosts,watershortagesandanincreasedriskofextremeweatherconditions.Thisisdrivingamovementknownasgreenbuilding.In2000,just41newconstructionprojectswereofficiallyratedasgreenbuildingsintheUS.Lastyear,thatfigurehadgrowntomorethan65,000.Elsewhereintheworldtherehavebeensimilarincreasesanditisatrendthatisexpectedtocontinue.InChinathegovernmenthassetanambitiousgoalaspartofitsfive-yearplanthatrequire50%ofallnewurbanbuildingstobegreencertified.Moranseesgreenbuildingasrequiringnewskillsthathavenotfeaturedmuchinthebuildingsectorinthepast.“Ittakesadifferentskillsettolookafteralivingroofcomparedtonormallandscaping,”hesays.“Youneedtounderstandtheenvironment,howthedirectionofthesunandwindwillaffectit.Butwearealsoseeingtechnologybeingintegratedintoeverything.”12．Howwasthebuildingoftheacademyplanned?A．Rigidly.B．Effortlessly.C．Thoroughly.D．Strategically.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph2referto?A．Constructingnewbuildings.B．Generatingmorejobs.C．Thegrowingneedforhouses.D．TheInternationalLaborOrganization.14．Whydomanycountriesbegintoconstructgreenbuildings?A．Todevelopalargemarket.B．Tosatisfyhumans’ambitions.C．Tosolvedifferentchallenges.D．Tocontrolthenewmovement.15．WhatdoesMoranpossiblythinkofhispresentjob?学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A．Challenging.B．Risky.C．Traditional.D．Urgent.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司