新高考英语快速提⾼阅读能⼒之⾼频词块速记【疾病类饮食类】阅读理解20篇（原卷版）.docx

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【疾病健康类/饮食类】话题阅读练习高频话题01疾病健康类Passage1AUSmanhasbecomethefirstpersonintheworldtoreceiveahearttransplantfromageneticallymodifiedpig.SurgeonssaytheexperimentalprocedureswastheonlyavailableoptionforthepatientDavidBennett,a57-year-oldfromMarylandintheUS,whowaslivingwithheartdisease.BennettiscurrentlybeingcarefullymonitoredwhilespecialistsattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenter,wheretheprocedurewascarriedout,determinewhetherthetransplantcankeephimaliveinthelongterm.“Itwaseithertodie,ordothistransplant.Iwanttolive.Iknowit’sashotinthedark,butit’smylastchoice,”saidBennett.“IlookforwardtogettingoutofbedafterIrecover.”Whilefullhearttransplantsaremorecontroversial,pigheartvalves(瓣膜)havebeensuccessfullyusedforreplacementsinhumansforyears.“Thiswasabreakthroughsurgeryandbringsusonestepclosertosolvingtheorganshortagecrisis.Therearesimplynotenoughdonorhumanheartsavailabletomeetthelonglistofpotentialrecipients,”saidBartleyGriffith,theheartsurgeonwhoperformedtheoperation.“Wearedoingcautiously,butwearealsooptimisticthatthisfirst-in-the-worldsurgerywillprovideanimportantnewoptionforpatientsinthefuture.”Inthedonorpig,threegenesthatwouldhaveledtotherepaidrejectionofthepig’sheartwereknockedout.Sixhumangenesresponsibleforimmuneacceptanceofthepigheartweretheninsertedintothegenome.Finally,onegeneinthepigwasremovedtopreventexcessivegrowthofthehearttissueonceithadbeenimplanted.“Thisistrulyahistoric,monumentalstepforward.Whilewehavelongbeenattheforefrontofresearchdrivingprogresstowardthepromiseofxenotransplantation(异种器官移植)asapracticalsolutiontotheorgancrisis,manybelievedthisbreakthroughwouldbewellintothefuture,”saidBertO’Malley,presidentandCEOoftheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenter.1．WhydidDavidBennetthavehearttransplantsurgery?A．Becauseitisthelastwayforhimtosurvive.B．Becauseheisthevolunteeroftheexperiment.C．Becausethegeneticallymodifiedpigneedshim.D．Becausegettingoutofbediswhatheexpects.2．Whatcanweknowaboutthepig’sfullhearttransplantsurgery?学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A．Ithasbeensuccessfulfordecades.B．Itisanoptionalmethodtohelpthepig.C．Itcancausetheheartpatienttostayinbed.D．Itmakesanadvanceindealingwithorgancrisis.3．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase?A．adefinitefailureB．adesperateattemptC．agreathopeD．awiseoption4．Whatisparagraph6mainlyabout?A．Theresultoftheoperation.B．Theeffectoftheoperation.C．Theprocessoftheoperation.D．Themethodoftheoperation.Passage2Posture(姿势)playsanimportantpartinhealth.Long-timepoorposturecanleadtopainanddiscomfort.Ithasalsobeenshownthatpoorposturecanincreasetheriskofdisease.Solutionsareneededtohelppeople,especiallystudentsandofficeworkers,changetheirposturetopreventtheseproblemsandimprovetheirhealth.Asaresult,researchershavedevelopedasmartfabric(织物).Peopleoftensitinvariouspoorposturesintheirdailylife.Thiscouldbereducedifpeoplewereabletoobservetheirreal-timesittingposturebywearingthesmartfabric.Withthesittingpositionmonitoring(监测)，userscanwatchtheirpostureonthescreenandmakenecessarychanges.ThefabricwasdevelopedusingTENGS,whichcanusemovementofthewearertocollecttheenergytopowertheposturemonitoringsensor(传感器).Thedatacollectedbythesensorscanprovideimmediateadvice,warningthewearerwhentheyneedtochangetheirposture.Thefabricstretcheseasilyandiswashableandbreathable.Thesefactorsareimportantforhowpeopleusethesmartfabric,affectingthecomfortofthewearablesensorsandhowwellthefabricworks.Inadditiontothecomfortofthefabric,anotherimportantaspectistheeffectivenessoftheposturemonitoring.Thesensorsarefixedintothefabricinpositionsalongthespines(脊椎),whichcanhelpcollectdataonthemostcommonpoorpositions.Thedataisthensenttoamachine,whichprocesseskeyinformationtellinghowthewearerissitting,classifyingtheirsittingposition,andmonitoringhowtheycorrecttheirposture.Thissystemisabletocorrectlyrecognizingthewearer’sposturemostofthetime.Withallthesefeatures,thismonitoringclothingwillhelppeopleavoidpain,discomfort,andlong-termhealthproblems.Anditisbelievedthisclothingwillofferareliablehealthcaresolutionforlong-termmonitoring.5．Whyisthesmartfabricdeveloped?A．Totreatsomespinediseases.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B．Tochangepeople’sworkinghabits.C．Tohelppeoplecorrecttheirpoorpostures.D．Tostartanewtrendinthefashionindustry.6．Whatcanweknowaboutthemonitoringsystem?A．Itisself-powered.B．Itcanbeusedasacharger.C．Itadaptstobodymovements.D．Itpreventspeoplefromsittingforlong.7．What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theadvantagesofthesmartfabric.B．Theworkingprocessofthesmartfabric.C．Thefunctionofsensorsinthesmartfabric.D．Thewaysofcollectingdatawithinthesmartfabric.8．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemonitoringsystem?A．Doubtful.B．Surprised,C．Uncertain.D．Supportive.Passage3HundredsofmillionshaverolleduptheirsleevesfortheCOVID-19vaccine,butwhyhaven’ttheytakendowntheirpantsinstead?What’sthesciencebehindwhywegetmostvaccinesinourarmanddoestheinjectionsitematter?Musclesmakeanexcellentvaccineinjectionsitebecausemuscletissuecontainsimportantimmunecells.Theimmunecellsrecognizetheantigen(抗原),atinypieceofavirusorbacteriumintroducedbythevaccinethatstimulatesanimmuneresponse.InthecaseoftheCOVID-19vaccine,theimmunecellsinthemuscletissuepickuptheseantigensandtakethemtothelymphnodes(淋巴结).Injectingthevaccineintomuscletissuekeepsthevaccinelocalized(局部的),allowingtheimmunecellstheretosoundthealarmtootherimmunecellsandgettowork.Onceavaccineisrecognizedbytheimmunecellsinthemuscle,thesecellscarrytheantigenstolymphvessels,whichtransporttheantigen-carryingimmunecellsintothelymphnodes.Lymphnodes,importantpartofourimmunesystem,containmoreimmunecellsthatrecognizetheantigensfromvaccinesandstarttheimmuneprocessofcreatingantibodies.Muscletissuealsotendstokeepvaccinereactionslocalized.Injectingavaccineintothemusclemayresultinlocalinflammation(红肿)orsorenessattheinjectionsite.Ifcertainvaccinesareinjectedintofattissue,the学科网（北京）股份有限公司 chanceofvaccinereactionsincreasesbecausefattissuehaspoorbloodsupply,leadingtopoorabsorptionoftheantigensinthevaccines.Yetanotherdecidingfactorinthevaccineinjectionsiteisthesizeofthemuscle.Adultsandchildrenagedthreeandoldertendtoreceivevaccinesintheirupperarm.Youngerchildrenreceivevaccinesintheirthighs(大腿)becausetheirarmmusclesaresmallerandlessdeveloped.Anotherconsiderationduringvaccineinjectionisconvenienceandpatients’acceptability.Canyouimaginetakingdownyourpantsataclinicwithstrangersaround?Rollingupyoursleeveismucheasierandmorepreferred.Allthingsconsidered,whenitcomestotheCOVID-19vaccine,formostadultsandkids,thearmisthepreferredinjectionsite.9．Howmanyreasonsforthevaccinesgivenintothemusclearementioned?A．2.B．3.C．4.D．5.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“pickup”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Recognize.B．Collect.C．Cleanup.D．Liftup.11．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthepreferredvaccineinjectionsiteformostpeople?A．Thearm.B．Thehand.C．Thethigh.D．Thefoot.12．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Don’tbeafraidofinjectionB．Whydowegetinjectioninthearm?C．AninterestingsecrettoinjectionD．Howvaccinesaregivenintothemuscle?Passage4Overthelasttwodecades,humankindhascreatedavastmobilenetworkenablingpeopletoshareinformationatunprecedented(前所未有的)rates,discoveredwateronMars,engineeredcarsthatrunonhydrogen(氢),etc.Somanyachievementshavetherebeen,infact,thatmostgounnoticedbythegeneralpopulation.Itisonlywhenafamilymemberneedsahearttransplantthatyoucometolearnaboutthepossibilityofsomeonebuildingaheartforthem.InSeptember,BritishmathematicianSirMichaelAtiyahclaimedtohavesolvedtheRiemannHypothesis,acomplexmathematicalequation(数学方程式)thathaspuzzledsomeoftheworld’sbrightestmindsfor160years.”WhatistheRiemannHypothesisandwhyshouldIcare?“youask.Franklyspeaking,Idon’tunderstandit,andIdon’tthinkIeverwill.ButIamsurethatitsapplicationsforadvancementinscienceandtechnologywillbesignificant.Thefactofthematteristhatindividualsorteamscanspendyearsorevendecadesworkingonmaths学科网（北京）股份有限公司 problemsthattheymayneversolve.Theydosonotonlybecauseoftherewardsthatmightbeavailable,butalsobecauseitisaworthygoal.Mostoftheworldwillnotunderstandwhattheseindividualsdo,butourliveswouldbeverydifferentifnobodyeversoughttochallengethemselvesandtakeoncrazyprojects.IadmireamannamedJiroOno,ownerandchefofarguablythemostfamoussushirestaurantinJapan.Jirobecameaqualifiedsushichefin1951,nearly70yearsago.Today,attheageof92,heisstilllookingforwaystoimproveuponhiscraft.Manywouldthinkthatafterdoingsomethingforthatlong,theyhavenothingelsetolearn,butJiroputsthatnotiontoshame.Everyday,hestandsbehindthecounterandexperimentswithfoodinhispursuitofperfection.Inlife,justabouteverycorneryouturn,youcanfindareastoimproveupon.Medicalresearcherslookforwaystocurecancer;basketballplayerspracticehardtobecomethenextMichaelJordan;scientistsexperimentwithalternativefuelstohelptheenvironment.Mostofushavenotbeentaskedwithprogressinginacertainwayyet,butwhatallofusshouldbedoingisseekingtoimproveourselvesforthegoodofourselvesorforthegoodofothers.13．WhydidtheauthormentionSirMichaelAtiyahinParagraph2?A．Toemphasizethathiscontributionisunprecedented.B．Toarguethatprovingmathsproblemisprofitable.C．Toidentifytheessentialingredientsthatleadtohissuccess.D．Toprovethatweneedpioneerslikehimintoday’sworld.14．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Anartificialheartisn’tavailableforonewithheartdisease.B．JiroOnoconsidersseekingimprovementasashame.C．Everyoneshouldtrytoimposethemselvesmerelyforhisownsake.D．MichaelAtiyahissimilartoJiroOnointermsoftheirpursuit.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ProvingRiemannHypothesisB．TheNever-endingJourneyC．ChallengingOurselvesD．AchievingSuccessPassage5Mountingevidencesuggeststhatlongtimesitting—amainpartofmodern-daylife—isriskytoyourhealth,evenifyouexerciseregularly.Basedonthesefindings,doctorsadvisealladultstositlessandmovemore.Buthowoftendoweneedtogetupfromourchairs?Andforhowlong?学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Fewstudieshavecomparedmultipleoptionstocomeupwiththeanswermostofficeworkerswant:Whatistheleastamountofactivityneededtocounteractthehealtheffectsofaworkdayfilledwithsitting?NowastudybyColumbiaUniversityexercisephysiologistshasananswer.Unlikeotherstudiesthattestoneortwoactivityoptions,thestudytestedfivedifferentexercise“snacks”,orshortburstsofactivityafteraperiodoftime’ssitting:oneminuteofwalkingafterevery30minutesofsitting,oneminuteafter60minutes,fiveminutesevery30,fiveminutesevery60andnowalking.Theproperamountofmovement,theresearchersfound,wasfiveminutesofwalkingevery30minutes.Thiswastheonlyamountthatgreatlyloweredbothbloodsugarandbloodpressure.Inaddition,thiswalkingroutinehadanimpressiveeffectonhowtheparticipantsrespondedtolargemeals,reducingbloodsugarspikes(峰值)by58%comparedwithsittingallday.Takingawalkingbreakevery30minutesforoneminutealsoprovidedmodestbenefitsforbloodsugarlevelsthroughouttheday,whilewalkingevery60minutes,eitherforoneminuteorfiveminutes,providednobenefit.Whatweknownowisthatforbesthealth,youneedtomoveregularlyatwork,inadditiontoadailyexerciseroutine.Whilethatmaysoundimpractical,thefindingsshowthatevensmallamountsofwalkingspreadthroughtheworkdaycangreatlyloweryourriskofheartdiseaseandotherchronic(慢性的)illnesses.16．WhatdoesthestudybyColumbiaUniversityfocuson?A．Whatadultsshoulddotokeepexercisingregularly.B．Whenandwhereweneedtositlessandmovemore.C．Whylongtimesittingeverydayisriskytoourhealth.D．Howoftenandhowlongweneedtowalkfromourchairs.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counteract”inparagraph2mean?A．Cancelout.B．Giveup.C．Addto.D．Benefitfrom.18．Whichwalkingpatternisthemostusefulforhealthaccordingtothetext?A．Oneminuteofwalkingafterevery30minutesofsitting.B．Fiveminutesofwalkingafterevery30minutesofsitting.C．Oneminuteofwalkingafterevery60minutesofsitting.D．Fiveminutesofwalkingafterevery60minutesofsitting.19．Whatdoesthelastparagraphshow?A．Therisksofheartdiseaseandotherillnesses.B．Thedailyexerciseroutinesuitableforeveryone.C．Thesuggestionsonthehealthoftheofficestaff.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D．Thewaysofmovingregularlyatworkeveryday.Passage6Peoplehavegrowntallerover,thelast,century,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetothetopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearch,saystheglobaltrendislikelybut“onceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,”headded.AlittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantagessaysElioRiboliofImperialCollege.“Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,”hesaid.“Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople.”Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,”saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtotheirfullpotentialintermsofheight.Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheightisofgreatimportance.“Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin”hesaid?“Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.”20．Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople’sheight?A．Thelastcenturyhasseenagreatincreaseinpeople’sheightinmostcountries.B．Geneticsplaysakeyroleintheincreaseofpeople’sheightinthelast:century.C．Theincreaseinwomen’sheightismuchbiggerthanmen’sinthelastcentury.D．DutchandSwedesarerankedfirstandsecondinheightin’theworldnowadays.21．WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?A．Theygenerallyriskfewerdiseases.B．Theytendtolivelonger.C．Theyenjoyaneasierlife.D．Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.22．Theunderlinedword“reversed”inParagraph3canbereplacedby________.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A．sloweddown.B．remainedstable.C．cometolifeagain.D．changedtothecontrary.23．Accordingtothetext,JamesBenthamsuggeststhat________.A．environmentprotectionshouldbeattachedgreatimportancetoB．theglobaltrendofincreasingheightshouldbecloselywatchedC．children’spropernutritionandhealthcareshouldbeguaranteedD．theeconomicsituationofsomecountriesshouldbeimprovedPassage7HowDidWolfgangAmadeusMozartDie?OnNovember20th,1791,Mozartsuddenlycamedownwithfeverandwaswrackedwithpain.Hisarmsandlegswereseverelyswollen.Inthefollowingdayshishealthsignificantlydeteriorated.HediedonDecember5afterlapsingintoacoma.Thedeathcertificatestateshediedof“severemiliaryfever”.ExactlywhichdiseaseledtoMozart’sdeathhasbeenamysteryforthelast200years.SpeculationsManymyths—somemoreplausiblethanothers—entwine(缠绕)Mozart’searlydemise.Oneofthemostpopularmyths—thatMozartwaspoisonedbyhisrivalAntonioSalieri—rosetoprominenceduetothepopularityofthefilmAmadeus.ThistheoryissupportedbythefactthatMozarthadbeenlivingthroughaphaseofdepressionbeforehisdeath,sufferingfromparanoiaandexistentialfear.Mozarthimselfsuspectedthatthecauseofhisdeterioratinghealthwasbeingpoisonedoveralongtime.However,itishighlylikelythatthiswasjusthissubjectiveviewofreality.Manyotherspeculationscirculate.Syphilisandtrichinellosisarefrequentlymentioned.In1905,aFrenchphysicianassumeduricacidpoisoningduetoaneverfullyhealednephritis.In1961,leadpoisoningwassuggestedasapossiblecauseofdeath.ScientificattemptstoexplainMozart’sdeathIn2000,agroupofAmericanscientistsproposedrheumaticfevercausedbyastrepinfectionafterconductingmeticulousdetectivework.ThesymptomsstatedinliteratureandthereportsofMozart’scontemporariesyieldedtheclues.Withoutantibiotics,suchaninfectionwouldinevitablyleadtodeath.Rheumaticfevercausesaweakeningoftheheart,whichcouldexplainMozart’sswollenlimbs.In2009,theDutchscientistRichardZegersextensivelystudiedsurvivingdocumentsandconcludedthatMozarthadbeensufferingfrompharyngitis,athroatinfectionwithsymptomsincludingcramps,fever,rashesand学科网（北京）股份有限公司 aswollenneck.Mozart’ssister-in-lawSophieHaibelhaddescribedthesesymptoms.ThedeathregistryofViennaforwinter1791listsseveraldeathscausedbythisdisease.WhateverthecauseofMozart’sdeath,itcamefartooearly.LetusthankhimforhismanicurgetocreateartandrememberhimonDecember5th!24．Whichofthefollowingissimilarinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“deteriorate”(Paragraph1)?A．Tobecomeworse.B．Tochangegreatly.C．Torecoverquickly.D．Tobeharmedrapidly.25．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．ItisgenerallybelievedthatMozartwaspoisonedbyhisfriend.B．Mozart’sdepressionparanoiaandexistentialfearledtohisdeath.C．Mozarthadbeenpoisonedsustainablyforalongtimebeforehedied.D．Mozartoncegotanephritisanditwasneverhealed.26．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Mozart’sdiseasewasrecordedincontemporaryliteratureandreports.B．Antibioticswerenotdiscoveredatthattime.C．Rheumaticfevercanonlybecausedbystrepinfection.D．Mozart’sillnesscannotbecuredeventoday.27．Whatistheauthor’spurposementioningMozart’ssister-in-law’swords?A．TobackuptheDutchman’sstudy.B．Toprovetheywerecommonsymptomscausingdeathin1791.C．ToproveMozartdidhavesuchsymptomsbeforehisdeath.D．ToemphasizeherspecialidentifyasawitnesstoMozart’sdeath.Passage8Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatoneofthebeststepsyoucantaketoprotectyourhealthistostepoutsideandspendsometimeinthegrass,dirtandwater.Ourancestorsenjoyedthehealingpowerofnature,andnowscientistsarestartingtocatchup.Researchershavedocumentedhowcontactwithnaturecandecreasementaltiredness,andenhancemoods,concentrationandproblem-solving.Justhavingaviewofnaturehasbeenshowntoimprovehospitalpatients’recoveryandreduceillnessrates.Exposuretotheopenair,horsebackriding,hiking,campingcanbehelpfulforavarietyofhealthconditionsinadultsandchildren.Muchofthistypeofresearchisfocusingonchildren,andinfactanentiremovementhasquicklydevelopedtoconnectkidswiththe学科网（北京）股份有限公司 healingpowerofnature.Obesity.Ratesofchildhood,adultobesityandrelatedconditionsincludingdiabetes(糖尿病)andheartdiseasehavegrowngreatlyinrecentyears,partlybecauseofreducingthetimeofoutdooractivities.Thisproblemcanbepartlyaddressedbyincreasingthetimestudentsspendlearningaboutnature,bothinandoutsidetheclassroom.Suchlessonsareoftenmoreengagingtostudentsandoftenleadthemtobecomemoreactiveoutside.Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)(注意力缺失症).Anexposuretoordinarynaturalsettingsinthecourseofcommonafterschoolandweekendactivitiesmaybewidelyeffectiveinreducingattentionshortnesssymptoms(症状)inchildren.ParticipationingreenactivitieshelpsADHDpatientskeepfocusedandcompletetasks.Stress.Accesstonature,evenhouseplants,canhelpchildrendealwithstress.Depressionandseasonalemotionaldisorder.Majordepressionrequiresmedicaltreatment,butphysicalactivity,especiallythosedoneoutdoors,canhelpeasesymptoms.Stayinginthesunshineforjustafewminutescanalsohelpsupplybone-buildingvitaminD．Expertssaythatsimplywalkinginacityparkcanenjoynature’sbenefits.28．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantforyoutokeephealthy?A．Healthydiet.B．Exercises.C．Outdooractivities.D．Nosmoking.29．Theunderlinedword“enhance”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningtoA．improveB．addC．destroyD．control30．Fromthefirstparagraph,whatdoweknow?A．Peopledidn’tenjoythehealingpowerofnatureuntilrecentyears.B．Havingaviewofnatureistheonlywaytoimprovehealthconditions.C．Outdooractivitiesaregoodforpeople’shealth.D．Researchershavefoundoutwhatcausespeople’smentaltirednessandillness.31．TheeffectsofoutdooractivitiesincludeFXCEPT_________.A．HelpingpeopletocontrolstressB．helpingchildrentoincreasethevitaminDlevelC．helpingpeopletoreducethesymptomsofADHDD．helpingscientiststobelievetheratesofadultobesityandthehealingpoweroftheopenairPassage9Imagineafuturewheresciencehascreatedyourtwin.Notaflesh-and-bloodtwin,butonethatrecreatesyour学科网（北京）股份有限公司 fleshandblood,yourbones,yourheart,yourbrain—yourwholebody,infact—asanextremelycomplicatedcomputermodel.Yourdoctorscanusethisdigitaltwintoworkouthowyouwillrespondtoaparticulardrugormedicalprocedure.Theycanevenlookfurtherintothefuture,creatinga“healthcast”,toforecastwhatdiseasesmighthappentoyouorhowyourlifestylewillaffectyourhealthasyouage.Itistheultimateinpersonalizedmedicine.ThisistheboldvisionsetoutinVirtualYou:HowbuildingyourdigitaltwinwillrevolutionizemedicineandchangeyourlifebyPeterCoveney,directoroftheCentreforComputationalScience,andRogerHighfield,sciencedirectoroftheScienceMuseumGroup,UK.Digitaltwinsarealreadyinwidespreaduseinindustriessuchascivilengineering.Butthesemodelsystemsaremuchsimplerthanthecomplexhumanbody.Imagineallthepartsthatcometogethertomakeyouwork:fromthe3billionlettersofyourgenome(基因组),thenumerousmolecules(分子)thatmakeupyourcells,thetrillionsofcellsbuildingyourtissuesandorgans,andtheenvironmenthavingitsinputtoo.Now,imaginetryingtocreateamodelofthisthatismadetoeachuniqueindividualandthatpredictsthechangesthatwilltakeplaceoveralifetime.Thisiseasiersaidthandone.Changesinthesystemsbiologistswanttodescribeareusuallydifferentfromwhatmathematiciansdescribeas“non-linear”(非线性的).Anothercomplicationis“emergence”:wherethewholeofasystemisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.Thiscomplexitychallengesmathematicsandpushescomputingtothelimittoo.Butgettingtothenextlevel—awholehumanindividual—isgoingtorequireyetmoredataandarevolutionincomputingtechnologyfarbeyondwhatiscurrentlypossible.Whetherwewillgetthereisanopenquestion,butVirtualYoushowsuswhatscientistsfromdifferentfieldscanachievewhentheyallworktogether.32．Whatbelearnedaboutyourscience-madetwinaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Yourtwinlooksjustlikeyou.B．Yourtwinknowsyourthoughts.C．Yourtwinexistsonthecomputer.D．YourtwiniscreatedoutofyourDNA．33．Whyisitdifficulttobuildadigitaltwin?A．Humanbodyismorecomplicatedthanmodels.B．Digitaltwinsarenotwidelyusedinindustries.C．Scientistslackenoughdatainbuildingit.D．Mathematiciansandbiologistsholddifferentopinions.34．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheideaofadigitaltwin?学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A．Optimistic.B．Uncertain.C．Unconcerned.D．Skeptical.35．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tostressthenecessityofdigitaltwins.B．Toshowtheeffectsofdigitaltwinsonfuturehealth.C．Toexplainthebuildingofdigitaltwinsinhealth.D．Tointroducenewtreatmentsfordiseasesinthefuture.Passage10Cangettingadoghelppeoplelivelonger?Dogownershipisassociatedwithareducedriskforheartrelateddiseaseanddeath,findsanewSwedishstudypublishedinthejournalScientificReports.Forpeoplelivingalone,owningadogcandecreasetheirriskofdeathby33%andtheirriskofheartrelateddeathby36%,whencomparedtosingleindividualswithoutapet,accordingtothestudy.Chancesofaheartattackwerealsofoundtobe11%lower.Multi-personhouseholdownersalsosawbenefits,thoughtoalesserextent.Riskofdeathamongthesedogownersfellby11%andtheirchancesofheart-relateddeathwere15%lower.Buttheirriskofaheartattackwasnotreducedbyowningadog.Asasingledogowner,anindividualistheonlypersonwalkingandinteractingwiththeirpet,whichmaycontributetogreaterprotectionfromheart-relateddiseaseanddeath,saidthestudy.“Weknowthatdogownersingeneralhaveahigherlevelofphysicalactivity.whichcouldbeoneexplanationtotheobserveresults,”saidFall,authorofthestudy.Thefindingsalsosuggestincreasedsocialwell-beingandimmunesystemdevelopmentasadditionalreasonswhydogownershipoffersprotectionagainstheart-relateddiseaseanddeath.Fallbelievesthatwhiletheirstudyprovidesstrongevidenceforthehealthbenefitsofdogs,theirworkisnotdoneyet,sinceitdoesnotanswerwhydogsachievetheseresults.Therearealsootherfactorsthatstillneedtobeconsidered,suchastheowner’spersonalityandgeneralphysicalhealthandactivity.WhiletheresearchwascarriedoutinSweden.FalldoesbelieveitmayalsoapplytoothercountriesincludingtheUS,sincepeople’sattitudestowarddogcarearesimilar.However,somefactorsthatmayaffecttheresultsarethedifferencesinclimateandsocioeconomicbackgrounds.“Wehaveacolderclimatesowehaveindoordogswhereownerstaketheirdogsoutforawalk,Inwarmerclimates,theycouldkeepthemintheyardandwon’thavetoactivelytakethemforawalk.IthinkitwouldbehardtotakethedatafromSwedenandapply学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ittotheUSsincewehaveamoredifferentpopulation.MorestudiesshouldbeobtainedintheUnitedStates,”saidFall.36．Whydoesthewriteraskaquestionatthebeginningofthepassage?A．Toexpresshisdoubt.B．Togetthecorrectanswer.C．Totestreaders’knowledge.D．Tointroducethetopic.37．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Thebenefitsofraisingdogsforsinglepeople.B．Thedisadvantagesofraisinganimalsfortheirowners.C．Thefiguresthewriterprovidestosupporttheresearch.D．Theimportanceofowningpetsforallkindsofpeople.38．Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A．Walkingandinteractingwithpetscontributestotheirowners’health.B．Singleindividualswithoutapethavealowerriskofheart-relateddeath.C．Thepetowner’spersonalityandactivityhavelittletodowithhis/herhealth.D．Keepingdogscanhelpownersfreefromcancerandheart-relateddisease.39．WhatcanweknowfromFall’swords?A．TheresearchcarriedoutinSwedenmayapplytoallcountries.B．Warmerclimatesmakeitunnecessaryfordogownerstowalkthem.C．ThereisnoneedtodomoreresearchintheUnitedStates.D．Climateandsocioeconomicbackgroundsmayinfluencetheresearch.高频话题02饮食习惯类Passage1①Whatdoesitsayaboutthefutureofmeatwhenthecountry’slargestprocessorofchicken,pork,andbeefbuysastake(股份)inastart-upthataimsto“perfectlyreplaceanimalproteinwithplantprotein”?②TysonFoodsannouncedthisweekthatitpurchaseda5percentstakeinBeyondMeat,theSouthernCalifornia-basedfood-techstart-upthatmadeheadlinesearlierthisyearwithitsveggieburgerthatreportedlycooksandtasteslikerealbeef.③Tobesure,BeyondMeat’smeatlesscreationshaveyettotakethecountrybystorm.Althoughthe100percentplant-basedburgershaveachievedplentyofpositivepresssincetheyappearedforthefirsttimeinMay,sofarthey’reonlyavailableatWholeFoodsstoresinsevenstates.Eventhoughthecompany’s“chicken”strips,学科网（北京）股份有限公司 “beef”pies,andmeatlessfrozendinnersareavailablenationwide,BeyondMeatishardlyahouseholdname.④ThatmaybewhatmakesthenewsofTyson’sinvestmentallthemorenoteworthy.Whilethetwocompaniesdeclinedtogivedetailsaboutthedeal,it’sdoubtfulthatTyson’s5percentstakemademuchofdent(凹陷)inthemeatgiant’scoffers(金库).Thecompanyposted$41.4billioninsaleslastyear;priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathadreportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding—aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunchonanygivenday.⑤Tysonisdoingprettygreat.Thecompanyreportedrecordthird-quarterearningspershareinAugustandsaysthatitexpectsoverallmeatproductiontoincrease2to3percentduringthenextfinancialyear.Butlikeabigoilcompanyshellingoutcashtoinvestinwindpower,Tyson’stoe-in-the-watermovetoteamupwithastart-updevotedtobringingmoreplant-basedproteintoAmericandinnertablesseemstosuggestthemeatindustryisstartingtoseewhichwaythewindsareblowing.⑥Salesofplant-basedprotein,whichtotaledanestimated$5billionlastyear,continuetopalecomparedwiththemarketformeatinAmerica—butvegetarianalternativestomeatarebooming,withsalesgrowingatmorethandoubletherateforfoodproductsoverall.Thesteadydrumbeatofnewsaboutthenegativehealthimpacts,environmentalproblems,andanimalwelfareconcernsassociatedwithmeatconsumptionappearstobesinkingin.AccordingtoasurveyreleasedinApril,morethanhalfofAmericanssurveyedsaidtheyplantoeatmoreplant-basedfoodsinthecomingyear.40．BeyondMeat’sveggieburgermadeheadlinesprobablybecause________.A．itmakesperfectuseofanimalproteinB．ituseshightechinthemakingprocessC．ittastesasgoodasagenuinebeefburgerD．itrepresentsthediettrendinSouthCalifornia41．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEregardingthestateofBeyondMeat?A．Itisthecreatorofthecountry’sfirst100percentplant-basedburgers.B．Ithasbeenwellreceivedasitsproductsareavailablenationwide.C．ItisfarfrombeingamatchtorealfoodprocessinggiantslikeTyson.D．Itprovideshigh-qualitydiningexperienceinselectedWholeFoodsstores.42．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A．ThepurchaseofthestakebarelycostsathingforTyson.B．The5percentstakeinBeyondMeatmeansalottoTyson.C．Tyson’sinvestmenthasn’tcaughttheattentionofthemediaasexpected.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D．Tysonisrelyingonthisinvestmenttoraisemoreprojectcapitalfunding.43．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Meatwillstilltakeoverthemarketinspiteofotheralternatives.B．AmajorAmericanmeatcompanyisbettingonplant-basedprotein.C．TysonandBeyondMeatworktogethertobuildaglobalmeatgiant.D．Plantshavebeenfoundtocontainproteinthatdoesmoregoodtohumanbeings.Passage2Ifyouwanttoachievemoreofyourgoalsinlife,oneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoistotakecareofyourhealth.Committingtoahealthyandbalanceddietcanbeagamechangerwhenitcomestoproductivityandsuccess.Asasayinggoes,“Anappleadaykeepsadoctoraway.”Butdidyouknowthatanappleadaydoesnotonlykeepthedoctorawaybutcanevenpossiblyimproveyourproductivity?Actually,peoplewhoeatmorefruitsandvegetablescanbehappier,morecreativeand,yes,evenmoreproductive.Fruitsandvegetablesseemtohelpelevateaperson’slevelofcuriosityandgeneralwellbeing.Actually,notonlydoesahealthydietimproveaperson’swellbeing,italsoseemstopreventpotentiallyharmfulconditions.Tostartwith,ahealthydietprovidesyourbodywiththenutrientsyouneedtofunctionproperly.Thefoodsyoueatarechangedintoglucose(葡萄糖),whichthentransformsitintotheenergythatpowersyourbodyandbrain.Whenyourbodyisrunninglowonglucose,youwillprobablyexperiencesometroublewhentryingtofocusandconcentrate.Ontopofthat,ahealthydietislinkedtohealthiermentalhealth.Whenyoueatabalanceddiet,youareessentiallygivingyourbodythefuelitneedstoworkefficientlyandeffectively.Ahealthierversionofyou,physicallyandmentally,allowsyoutofocusonyourgoalsandonwhatyoureallywanttobedoing.Allinall,ifyouwanttobemoreproductiveandreachyourpersonalgoals,workgoalsandanyotherdreamsyouhave,pleaseputyourhealthatthetopofyourprioritylist.Byeatingabalancedandhealthydiet,youcangiveyourbodythenutrientsitneedstofunctionatitsbest.44．WhatdoesParagraph1tellus?A．Eatingrightcanimproveoverallwellbeing.B．Everyoneshouldhavetheirpersonalgoals.C．Successliesinlookingafterone’sownhealth.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D．Productivityandsuccesscomefromchange.45．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elevate”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Decline.B．Limit.C．Satisfy.D．Improve.46．Whatmaycauseyoutofailtoconcentrate?A．Toomanynutrientsinthediet.B．Anytroublesomeexperiences.C．Lackofglucoseinyourbody.D．Lackofpowerinyourbrain.47．Whatistheauthor’ssuggestion?A．Puttingyourownhealthonthelist.B．Eatingabalancedandhealthydiet.C．Achievingyourpersonaldreams.D．Givingyourmindenoughnutrients.Passage3Exposuretoextremeheatincreasesmalnutrition(营养不良)amongbabiesandyoungchildreninlow-incomecountries,threateningtochangedecadesofprogress,Cornellresearchfinds.Linkingsurveyandweatherdataovermorethan20years,astudyofmorethan32,000WestAfricanchildrenaged3to36monthsfoundthataverageheatexposurehadincreasedtheoccurrenceofslowgrowthfrommalnutritionby12%,andoflowweightby29%.Theresearchersestimatethatiftheaverageglobaltemperaturerises2degrees,whichscientistswarnislikelywithoutsignificantreductionsincarbonemissions(碳排放),theaveragebadeffectofheatexposureongrowthwouldnearlydouble,erasinggainsrecordedduringthestudyperiod(1993to2014).Thefindingsareworrying,theresearcherssaid,becausetemperaturesinWestAfricaarerisingandexpectedtocontinuetodosoforseveraldecades.Andtheeffectsofmalnutritioninearlychildhood,whicharelinkedtohigherdeathratesandtolowereducationandincomesinadulthood,areirreversible.“We’retalkingaboutchildrenataveryyoungagethatwillhavechangesfortherestoftheirlives,sothisispermanentlyaffectingtheirpotential,”saidArielOrtiz-Bobea,associateprofessorintheCornellJebE.BrooksSchoolofPublicPolicy.“Whatwearedoingtoreduceglobalpovertyisbeinggraduallydestroyedbyourlackofactiononclimate.”Moreresearchisneededtodiscoverthedriversofthoseeffectsexactly,whicharemostevidentbetween6and15months,buttheyarelikelynotphysiological(生理的)responsestodirectheat,theresearcherspredicted.Rather,theysuggest,acombinationoffactorsmaybeatworkaschildrentransitionawayfrombreastfeeding(母乳喂养),includingahigherriskofcontractingpathogens(病原体)fromfoodandwater,andlowerconsumptionofproteinfromanimalsources,possiblyduetoextremeheathurtingagriculturalproductivity.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 48．Whatisthefinalresultofthemalnutritioncausedbyextremeheat?A．Slowgrowthofbabies.B．Lowweightofchildren.C．Socialdecline.D．Lessagriculturalproductivity.49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“irreversible”inParagraph4mean?A．Impossibletochange.B．Happeningquickly.C．Notspecialinanyway.D．Difficulttobelieve.50．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Aresearchof6to15monthsisthemosteffective.B．Malnutritionisadirectphysiologicalresponsetoextremeheat.C．Thereasonsforthemalnutritioncausedbyextremeheatareclear.D．Manyaspectsmayaccountforthemalnutritioncausedbyextremeheat.51．Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanwefindthetext?A．Health.B．Society.C．Education.D．Technology.Passage4Eatingahealthydietisnotaboutstrictlimitations,stayingabnormallythin,orridyourselfofthefoodsyoulove.Rather,it’saboutfeelinggreat,havingmoreenergy,improvingyourhealth,andraisingyourmood.Sohealthyeatingdoesn’tmeanyouhavetocooktoughfood.Ifyoufeelconfusedbyalltheconflictingnutritionanddietadviceoutthere,you’renotalone.Itseemsthatforeveryexpertwhotellsyouacertainfoodisgoodforyou,you’llfindanothersayingexactlytheopposite.Sothinkmorewhenfacingthat.Thetruthisthatwhilesomespecificfoodsornutrientshavebeenshowntohaveabeneficialeffectonmood,it’syouroveralleatingpatternthatismostimportant.Thecornerstoneofahealthydietshouldbetoreplaceprocessedfoodwithrealfoodwheneverpossible.Eatingfoodthatisascloseaspossibletothewaynaturemadeitcanmakeahugedifferencetothewayyouthink,look,andfeel.Whilesomeextremedietsmaysuggestotherwise,weallneedabalanceofprotein,fat,fiber,vitamins,andmineralsinourdietstoremainahealthybody.Youdon’tneedtoeliminatecertainfoodfromyourdiet,butratherselectthehealthiestoptionsfromeachcategory.Besides,youshouldchangeyourdietinghabit.Switchingtoahealthydietdoesn’thavetobeanallornothingproposition.Youdon’thavetobeperfectandyoudon’thavetochangeeverythingallatonce.Abetterapproachistomakeafewsmallchangesatatime,学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Thinkofplanningahealthydietasanumberofsmall,manageablesteps-likeaddingasaladtoyourdietonceaday.Asyoursmallchangesbecomehabits,youcancontinuetoaddmorehealthychoices.52．Whichofthefollowingisarealhealthydiet?A．Onethathelpsyoustaythin.B．Onefullofmostnutrition.C．Onewithstrictcookingrules.D．Onethatmakesyouenergetic.53．Whatshouldyoudowhenfacingthemasters’adviceonhealth?A．Becarefulaboutit.B．Tryitwithyourfamily.C．Followitcompletely.D．Seeifitsatisfiesyou.54．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”inParagraph3mean?A．Pick.B．Benefit.C．Remove.D．Improve.55．Whatmayhelpyoubecomeahealthyeater?A．Tryingtoseekforperfection.B．Learningfromanexpertatcooking.C．Changingyoureatinghabitgradually.D．Cookingwithonlyvegetablesandfruit.Passage5Nearly40percentofAmericansovertheageof65takefiveormoredifferentdrugs,anddoctorsoftensimplyhavetomonitorpatientstoseeifanyofthosedrugscombinetocreatenegativesideeffects.Whenadoctorprescribes(给……开药)apatientmorethanonedrugatthesametime,theycurrentlyhavenowaytopredictwhetherthatcombinationofthesedrugswillhaveanegativesideeffect.AnewsystemfromateamofcomputerscientistsatStanfordUniversitypresentsanovelsolution—anAI-drivencomputersystemthatcanpredicttheconsequencesofcombiningtwodrugs.Drugcombinationsarearemarkablyunstudiedarea,butasMarinkaZitnikexplains,“It’spracticallyimpossibletotestanewdrugincombinationwithallotherdrugs,becausejustforonedrugthatwouldbefivethousandnewexperiments.”Besides,tomaintainaccuracyalsoneedsstrictresearchprocedures.SoZitnikandherStanfordcolleaguessetouttofindasolutiontotheproblem.Theycreatedamassivedeeplearningsystemtrainedondataencompassing(包含)overl9,00oproteinsandhowdifferentdrugsinteractwiththoseproteins.ThesystemiscalledDecagon,anditcaneffectivelypredicttheconsequencesofcombininganytwodifferentdrugs.TotestoutDecagon’spredictiveabilitiestheteamexamined10ofthesystemspredicteddrugpairinteractionsthatdidn’thaveclearlyknownunfavourableinteractions.Theresearchersfoundnewsupportingcasestudyevidencebackingup8ofthose10predictions.Forexample,onepredictionfromDecagonsuggestedmuscle学科网（北京）股份有限公司 inflammation(炎症)wouldbecausedbycombiningacertaincholesterol(胆固醇)drugwithabloodpressuremedication.Thisnegativesideeffectofcombiningthosetwodrugswasonlyrecentlyconfirmedbyacasestudypublishedin2017.ThenextstageintheprojectistotrytoturnDecagonintoamoreuser-friendlytoolthatdoctorscaneasilynavigate(导航)forinformationwhenprescribingcombinationsofdrugs,benefitingmorepeople.Atthisstage,thesystemonlyevaluates(评估)drugpairsbuttheresearchershopetoexpandthatintomorecomplexcombinationsofdrugsinthefuture.56．Whatproblemfacesdoctorswhenprescribingseveraldrugstogether?A．Theycan’tpreventsideeffectsofdrugs.B．Theydon’tknowthebadinfluencesofthecombination.C．Theyhavetomonitorwhetherpatientswilltakedrugs.D．TheymustpredicttheeffectsofdrugswithanAlsystem.57．Whyistheareaofdrugcombinationsalmostunstudied?A．Theyrequirenumerousexperiments.B．Theyarenotthatimportanttopeople.C．It’sratherexpensivetodotheresearch.D．It’simpossibletokeepresultsaccurate.58．WhatcanweknowaboutDecagon?A．Itcanpredictinfluencesofcombiningthreedrugs.B．Itwouldn’tcontributetopeople’sdeeplearning.C．Itcantelltheresultsofcombiningtwodrugs.D．Itanalyseshowproteinsinteractwitheachother.59．Whichaspectwillresearchersworkoninthefuture?A．Makingthesystemavailabletomorepeople.B．Improvingsomecriticalfunctionsofthesystem.C．Enhancingpeople’srecognitiononitsaccuracy.D．Adoptingamorefriendlyattitudetowardpatients.Passage6Whilericeandwheatarethetwomostcommonlyconsumedcerealgrainsworldwide,astudycoveringmorethan100,000peopleinNorthwestChinahasrevealedthatchoosingriceasamainfoodmayresultinalowerrisk学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ofobesity.ResearchersfromXi’anJiaotongUniversitycollecteddatafromparticipantsaged35to74whoareresidentsoffivenorthwesternprovincial-levelregions.Theydividedtheparticipantsintothreegroups.Thefirstgroupeatsriceastheirmainfood,consumingiteitherdailyorfourtosixtimesperweek,whileconsumingwheatlessthanfourtosixtimesperweek.Thesecondgroup’smainfoodiswheat,andthethirdgroupconsumesbothriceandwheatastheirmainfood,withsimilarfrequency.ThentheresearcherscomparedresultsandfoundoutthatricepreferencemightbeassociatedwithalowerriskofcertainobesitytypesinthepopulationofNorthwestChina.Higherwheatintakewasassociatedwithhigherrisksofexcessivebodyfatandcentralobesity(stomachfat)inmenandcentralobesityinwomen,accordingtothestudyfindingspublishedinthejournalNutrients.Accordingtotheresearchers,previousanimalstudiesshowsthatwheatgluten(谷蛋白)promotedweightgainbyreducingheatproductionandenergyconsumption,whilericeproteinshowsthepotentialforanti-obesityandtriglyceride-lowering(抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯)effects.Meanwhile,rice-baseddietarypatternsoftenhavemorefreshvegetables,meatandfishservings.PeoplewithwheatpreferenceinNorthwestChinatendtoeatlargebowlsofnoodleswithfewervegetablesorlessmeat,andsometimesevenwithalargeamountofoil.However,researchersnotedthatgiventhevastterritoryanddiverseethnicgroupspresentinNorthwestChina,furtherstudiesmightbenecessarytofullyunderstandtheregionalspecificityandpotentialhiddenreasonsfortheobservedlinks.60．WhatdoyouknowaboutthestudyinNorthwestChina?A．Peoplecaneatricetoloseweight.B．Eatingricewillhelpyoulivelonger.C．Riceistheperfectchoiceforpeoplewhoarefat.D．Eatingricemayreducepeople’sriskofbeingfat.61．Howdidtheresearchersfigureoutthefindingsofthestudy?A．Byofferingexamples.B．Byreferringtosomedata.C．Bymakingacomparison.D．Byquotinganexpert’sopinion.62．Whatdoesthepreviousanimalstudyshow?A．Wheatglutenreducedweightgainbyreducingheatandenergy.B．Riceproteinhasthepotentialtofightobesityandlowertriglyceride.C．Peopleofteneatnoodleswithmorefreshvegetables,meatandfishservings.D．PeoplewhopreferwheatinNorthwestChinatendtocatsmallbowlsofnoodles.63．Whatwilltheresearchersprobablydonext?A．Theywillcarryoutfurtherstudies.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B．Theywillchangetheirresearchmethods.C．Theywillpromotericeasthemainfood.D．TheywillfigureoutthenumberofethnicgroupsinChina.Passage7Somepeopleareallergic(过敏的)totreenuts.Woulditbesafeforanut-allergicpersontoeatbakedgoodswithcoconutorcoconutoil?HerearetheviewsofDr.ScottSicherer.Despiteitsname,coconutisnotactuallyanut,butafruit.Regardless,theFoodandDrugAdministrationconsidersitatreenut,whichiswhyit’sincludedinU.S.labelinglaws.Itisdifficulttoassesstheriskofcoconutallergyamongthosewithtree-nutallergiesbecauseallergicindividualsmayavoiditonpurpose.Still,coconutallergyappearsrare,anduncommonevenamongthosewithtree-nutallergies.Inanationalregistryof5,149peoplewithpeanutortree-nutallergies,onlyfourself-reportedanallergytococonut.Andamorerecentstudyof40childrenwithpositivetestsorknownallergytopeanutsortreenutsshowednoincreasedrisksforhavingpositivetestsorallergytococonut.Yourallergistwouldconsideryourpersonalallergyhistoryindecidingwhethertoaddcoconuttoyourdietortoperformanytesting.However,beawarethattestsareoftenpositivetococonutinpeoplewhocouldactuallytolerateit,soaphysician-supervisedfeedingtestmaybenecessaryforaconclusiveanswer.Whenitcomestococonutoil,thereisalmostnomedicalliteratureonallergicreactionstoit,whichmayreflectthelikelihoodthattheprocessedformsofcoconutoilcontainlittleornoprotein,althoughthishasnotbeenstudied.Still,forthosewithcoconutallergy,avoidanceofcoconutoilshouldbeconsideredbecauseitmaystillhavealittleprotein.Finally,it’simportanttonotethatpeoplewithpeanutortree-nutallergieswhochoosetoeatcoconutmustbecarefultoavoidcross-contactwithtreenutsorpeanutbeingavoided.64．Whatdoyouknowaboutcoconutfromthispassage?A．Itisreallyanut.B．Mostpeopleareallergictoit.C．Itisactuallyafruit.D．ItisforbiddenbyAmericanlaws.65．Whyisitdifficulttoassesstheriskofcoconutallergyamongthosewithtree-nutallergies?A．Theyarecautiousaboutitandavoidit.B．Theyeatcoconutasakindoffruit.C．Coconutsarebecomingrarerandrarer.D．Coconutallergyistoocommon.66．Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedpart“medicalliterature”inparagraph6?学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A．Storiesaboutmedicine.B．Documentsonmedicine.C．Novelsforphysicians.D．Descriptionofcoconutoil.67．WhichmaybeasuggestionDr.ScottSicherergivestonut-allergicindividuals?A．Havingafeedingtestregularly.B．Tryingtotoleratemildallergies.C．Avoidingeatinganycoconuts.D．Followingallergists’instructions.Passage8Thinkenergeticexerciseisjustfortheyoung?Thinkagain.Contrarytothecommonbelief,anewstudyfindsseniorsshouldstayphysicallyactive.Thestudyrevealsthatphysicalactivityshiftsenergyawayfrombiologicalprocessesthatcausediseaseandmovesittowardssystemsthroughoutthebodywhichextend(延长)life.Researchersusedapes(类人猿)—thedistantcousinsofhumans—intheirresearch.Theytheorizethathumansseparatedthemselvesfromapesduringevolution(进化)bydevelopingtheabilitytomakethemselvesfitterthroughphysicalexercise.Typically,apesliveonly35to40years.However,apesarealsomuchlessactivethanmosthumans.Thissuggeststhathumansreachedapointintheirevolutionwherepeopledevelopedawaytostayalivelongerthroughmoreactivity.Thebehaviorofapesstandsinsharpcontrasttothatofancienthunter-gatherers,whotheteamsaysaveragedaround135minutesofmoderate-to-energeticphysicalactivityaday.Studyauthorsbelievethislevelofactivity,upto10timesmorethantheaverageAmerican,isthereasonhunter-gathererslivedtoaround70yearsold.Theteamfindshumansalsouseenergyfromphysicalactivitytorepairandmaintainthebody.Alongwithburningcalories,exerciseactuallycauseswidespreaddamagetothebodybycausingdamageonacellular(细胞的),molecular(分子的),andtissuelevel.However,thisdamageisessentialsothebodycanbuilditselfbackevenstronger.Throughexercise,thebodystartsrepairingmusclefibers,brokenbones,andotherminorinjuries.Whenpeoplearelessactive,theseprocessesarealsolessactive,puttingpeopleathigherriskofdisease.Wehumansevolvedtobeactivethroughoutourlivesandourbodiesneedphysicalactivitytoagewell.Inthepast,dailyphysicalactivitywasnecessaryinordertosurvive,buttodaywechoosetodovoluntaryphysicalactivityforhealthandfitness.Thegoodnewsisthatyoudon’tneedtobeasactiveasahunter-gatherertoreducetheeffectsofaging.68．Whatdoesthenewstudyfindoutinthefirstparagraph?A．Seniorsshouldkeepexercising.B．Sportsmakepeoplelookyoung.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 C．Energeticexercisehelpslivelonger.D．Onlyyoungpeoplebenefitfromexercise.69．Whatdoesthedatainthetextintendtotellus?A．Thehistoryofhumanevolution.B．Thelivinghabitsofapesandhunters.C．Thelinkbetweenexerciseandlongerlife.D．Theamountofexerciseofancienthumans.70．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howthehumanbodyrepairsitself.B．Howexercisebenefitsthehumanbody.C．Whyphysicalactivityproducesenergy.D．Whysportsdoharmtothehumanbody.71．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Topresentascientificstudy.B．Topersuadepeopletoexercisemore.C．Torecommendsomehealthknowledge.D．Todrawattentiontothehealthoftheelderly.Passage9Mostpeoplefindsugarhardtoresist.Ourbrainsneedlotsofenergyandsugaryfoodsprovideplentyofit.Butwhencaloriesaretooreadilyavailable,itiseasytooverdoit.Therehasbeennoshortageofresearchonsugarreplacementswithoutthecalories,butevidencefromanimalandhumanstudieshaslinkedsometoweightgain.OnepromisingalternativeisfoundinthefruitofSynsepalumdulcificum(奇迹果),aplantnativetoWestAfrica.Theseso-calledmiracleberriesdon’ttastesugarythemselves,butifyoutrysomethingsourafterwardsitwilltasteunusuallysweet.InBenin,thefruitiseatenfreshandismostlyusedasasweetenertohavewithsourfoodsanddrinks,saysDedeoufromauniversityinBenin.Theberrywithmiraculin(奇迹果蛋白)isveryappreciatedbylocalconsumers,especiallythekidsandpeoplewithdiabetes(糖尿病).Despitethemiracleberry’spromiseasasugarreplacement,itisonlyproducedonalimitedscaleandisn’tavailableworldwide.Theberriesdon’ttravelwellandtheplantisslowtogrow.Tocreateanalternativesourceofmiraculin,researchersattheUniversityofTsukubainJapanhavegeneticallyengineeredtomatoestoproducetheprotein,butthisisn’tnecessary,saysTchokponhouewhoseteamisworkingtohelpenlargetheproductionofmiracleberriesinWestAfrica.Earlierthisyear,ateamatHainanUniversityinChinapublishedthegenome(基因图谱)ofSynsepalumdulcificum,whichmayhelp.Spanishstart-upBaiaFoodhasplanstopromotesustainablegrowthoftheplantinGhanaandmarketthedriedberries.Youcanordertabletsoffreeze-driedmiracleberriesonlinebuttheyarepricey,costingaround£18forapackof10.Ifyoucanaffordit,theberry’staste-twistingpowerisfuntotryathome.Letthetabletmeltonyourtongue,thentrytastingacidicfoodssuchaslemons.Theeffectshouldlastbetween15and60minutes.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 72．WhatdoweknowaboutSynsepalumdulcificum?A．Itcontainshighcalories.B．Itisrelatedtoweightgain.C．Ittastesunusuallysweet.D．Itservesasasugarreplacement73．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Effortsmadetoobtainmoremiraculin.B．GenomepublishedtohelpdotheresearchC．Creationadvocatedtoproducemiracleberries.D．Transformationsperformedtoengineertomatoes74．Whatcanwesayabouttabletsoffreeze-driedmiracleberries?A．Theyaresour.B．TheyareinexpensiveC．TheyareaccessibleD．Theyareproductive.75．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetogettingthesugaralternative?A．Doubtful.B．Optimistic.C．Defensive.D．Conservative.Passage10Breakfastisfoodforthebrainandfortherestofyourbody.Anddowningthosemorningcaloriesisworthit,evenforpeopleworriedabouttheirweight,anewstudyfinds.ThestudywasledbyMarleneSchwartz,apsychologists(心理学家)whostudiesobesity(肥胖).Hergroupstudiedsome600middle-schoolstudents.Overthreeyears,studentsfrom12differentschoolswereaskedabouttheirbreakfasts.Throughoutthestudyabout34%-44%ofallstudentssaidthattheyregularlyatebreakfastathome.Upto17%,oralmostoneineverysixkids,regularlyatebreakfastatschool.Overall(总的来说),aboutoneinevery10kidsreportedeatingbreakfastsbothathomeandatschool.Eatinghabitschangedsomewhatasthekidsgotolder.Forexample,fifthgradersweremorelikelytoregularlyeatbreakfastathome.Butbyseventhgrade,22%ofthestudiedkidsoftenskippedbreakfast.Surprisingly,ateveryage,kidswhoatebreakfastwerelesspossibletobeoverweight.Thiswastrueevenforthosewhoatebreakfastathomeandatschool.Italsofoundthatstudentswhoskippedbreakfastmostoftenwerethosemostlikelytobeoverweight.Thesefindingsmayseempuzzling.YetSchwartz’steamcanthinkofseveralpossibleexplanations.Skippingbreakfastmaysetpeopletobe“over-hungry”laterintheday,shesays.Thensomeonemayeat学科网（北京）股份有限公司 morefoodthantheirbodyneeds.What’smore,noteatingregularlyinthemorningstopsourbrainsandbodiesfromworkingproperly.It’sverydifficultforkidstostayconcentratedinclasswithouthavingbreakfast.Butwhyshouldeatingtwobreakfastsnotleadtoweightgain?Oneexplanationmaybethatschoolbreakfastsareveryhealthyandcontrolledinsize.Also,mostofthedouble-breakfasteatersareboys.Thesekidsaresoactiveandactivelygrowingupthattheyneedmorecalories.Theyofteneattwiceasmuchasotherpeople.76．Theexampleunderlinedinthesecondparagraphismeanttotellus______.A．havingbreakfastisofnouseatallB．skippingbreakfastisratherharmfultokids’healthC．kidswillchangetheireatinghabitsastheygrowolderD．itisimportanttohavebreakfastregularly77．Accordingtothepassage,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A．Thestudywascarriedoutamongmiddle-schoolstudents.B．Thestudywasgoingonforoverthreeyears.C．Skippingbreakfastwillpossiblyleadtoweightgain.D．Wecannevereattoomuchinthemorning.78．Basedonthepassage,whatmayhappentoaboywhoeatsbreakfastregularly?A．Hemayputonweight.B．Hisbrainandbodywillworkwellandproperly.C．Hewillbeinperfecthealth.D．Hewillbeabsent-mindedinclass.79．Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthelastparagraph?A．Kidswhoaregrowingupmoreactivelyneedmoreenergy.B．Allthekidsshouldeatmoretostayhealthy.C．Eatingtwobreakfastswillleadtoweightgain.D．Schoolsmustprovidehealthybreakfasts.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司