2023年新高考英语热重难点专练02 1阅读七选五之设空剖析(新高考专用)(教师版).docx

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重难点02-1阅读七选五之设空剖析2023年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(新高考专用)年份卷类卷别体裁题材设空位置2022年新高考I卷说明文如何寻找健身的伙伴段中设空4段尾设空1II卷说明文写文章的技巧段首设空1段中设空4全国卷甲卷说明文外出就餐的注意事项段首设空1段中设空3段尾设空1乙卷说明文五种维系异地友谊的方法段首设空3段中设空1段尾设空12021年新高考I卷记叙文体验巴黎当地的生活段首设空1段中设空4II卷说明文提高阅读速度的建议段首设空1段中设空2段尾设空2全国卷甲卷说明文处理旧衣物的方法段首设空1段中设空4乙卷说明文在晚会上受人关注的方法段首设空2段中设空2段尾设空1从两年高考阅读七选五命题的设空位置(段首空为10空、段中空为24空、段尾空为6空)我们可以看出，命题人特别注重的还是对段中空的设置。一般来说，段中空越多，难度就越大。因为解段中空，需要考生瞻前顾后。根据新高考I卷段中设空两年都保持在4空的情况下，我们可以认为2023年新高考阅读七选五设空位置大体有两种可能：一是保持不变；二是对段首设空、段中设空、段尾设空学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 的比例作一些微调。在阅读七选五中，句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。段首设空所要填的内容起概括主旨的作用；段中设空所要填的内容起注释细节、体现逻辑关系的作用；段尾设空所要填的内容起归纳总结的作用。除此之外，三种设空处所要填的内容都有一个共同的作用：不是承上，就是启下，或者兼而有之(承上启下)。此外，还有一种设空的方式是标题设空，其特点非常明显：位于文章的首位或是段与段之间，呈现形式为单独成行或成段。一、段首设空的主要考点：段落标题句、段落主旨句、段落过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。此外，设空在首段段首处时，有可能考查的是通篇主题句。【满分技巧1】借助“对标”解题对照其他标题的表达形式，看其呈现形式是否和其他小标题相一致。【满分技巧2】借助“提炼”解题注意阅读相关段落内容，提炼其中的中心词(留意体现主旨的同义词复现)串联成标题。【满分技巧3】借助“推断”解题认真阅读空后的下文内容，掌握该段大意，推断出主旨句。【满分技巧4】借助“抓点”解题设空处在段首时(设空在首段段首处除外)，很有可能是过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。因此，要阅读上下文并抓住两个重点：重点了解上一段，尤其是尾句的内容，还要快速浏览下一段的内容；二是要标出关键词。使所选答案能够把上下两段内容紧密的衔接起来。【经典考例1】(引用原题号，以下同)(2022·浙江1月高考卷节选)...Pickthemostimportant....Combineyouractivities....___34___Youwouldthinklearningtakesmoretimefromyou,butactuallytherearealwaysnewwaysofdoingthingsthatcansaveyoutimeondailytasks,freeingyouupforthemostimportant.Alwaysbelookingforanewwaytogainbackanhourhereorthere.学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Lightenup....A.Speedup.B.Beanactivelearner.C.Stoptryingtobalancetimebetweenthemall.D.Makechoicesaboutwhatismeaningfulinyourlife.E.Thethingsyoudowellusuallygiveyougreaterjoy.F.Perhapsthesetipswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtime.G.Thisiswhymakinglistsisimportantinanyproductivityhandbook.34.【答案】B【解析】空格处在段与段之间，单独成行，考查段落小标题。对照其他小标题，可知小标题句式为祈使句式，以此确定在ABCD四个选项中筛选。标根据下文，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。【经典考例2】(2022·新高考II卷节选)Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.However,theprocesscanbemadeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.___36___Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.___37___(Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.)Don’tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewon’tworkforeveryone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.A.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.C.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.E.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F.Manybeginningwritersdon’tleaveenoughspacetorevise.G.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.36.【答案】D【解析】空格在段首，考查段落主题句。空白处之后信息“Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay…writenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper提示当有想法的时候，笔离开纸地不间断书写10到15分钟。由此判断可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项意为“首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。【经典考例3】(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷节选)___37___Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnew学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 homeatalocalorstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn’taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.___38___Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes....A.Thisisn’tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.37.【答案】B【解析】空格在段首，考查段落主题句。空白处之后信息“Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.和likeapieceofartoraplant.”列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。38.【答案】C【解析】空格在段首，考查承上启下句。前面的段落提到“参加聚会所带礼物的清单”。本空承接上文，也应该与“礼物”相关。根据空后“Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)”可知，空格处所涉及的礼物应该与“食物”相关，C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享，故选C。二、段中设空的主要考点段中上下文关联句：从段落语篇结构、行文逻辑关系等方面命题。【满分技巧1】借助“语篇结构”解题阅读七选五的体裁主要是说明文，语篇常采用“总——分”或“总——分——总”的结构。前一部分说明事物的主题，下面几部分从不同角度说明问题，最后总结。常见的标志性词汇有：toconclude,tosumup,generallyspeaking,inaword,inbrief,inconclusion,ingeneral,inshort,insummary,onthewhole等等。学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【满分技巧2】借助“解释例证”解题段落后文对前文或解释说明或举例佐证。常见的标志性词汇有：actually,asamatterof,infact,inotherwords,thatistosay,forexample,forinstance等等。【满分技巧3】借助“转折让步”解题段落行文中后句与前句构成逻辑上的转折关系或前句与后句构成逻辑上的让步关系。常见的标志性词汇有：but,however,instead,nevertheless,or/otherwise,whereas,while,yet,atanyrate,inanycase,onthecontrary以及although/though/as,inspiteof等等。【满分技巧4】借助“层层推进”解题段落行文中前句与后面的数句在某种意义上层层推进，一层更进一层，即通常所说的“递进”。常见的标志性词汇有：besides,even,further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,not...but,notonly...butalso,tomakemattersworse,what’sworse,what’smore等等。【满分技巧5】借助“原因结果”解题前句与后句之间构成前因后果或者前果后因的关系。常见的标志性词汇有：accordingly,consequently,hence,so/therefore/thus,asaresultof,dueto,nowthat,such/so...that...,thanksto,等等。【满分技巧6】借助“齐头并进”解题指句子与句子之间齐头并进互不相属形成并列关系，用了一起说明同一个问题。常见的标志性词汇有：and,first/firstly,second/secondly,third/thirdly,next,then,inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,foronething...foranotherthing,finally/last等等。特别提醒：以上所有这些标志性词汇有可能出现在原文中，也有可能出现在备选项中。【经典考例1】(2017·新高考I卷节选)Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.___37___Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.37.【答案】C【解析】由下文“Wesleepinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom”学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 分别叙述了这次野营有情况。目的是说这次野营关比较艰难，故空格处应该是对这次野营的总体评价，故选C。上下文构成“总——分”关系。【经典考例2】(2020·全国卷I节选)●Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.___38___Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate(有同情心)response?“Thatdidn’tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.”A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?38.【答案】D【解析】根据本文的中心句“Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.(原谅自己所犯的错误)”及下文的“Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.(你会一次又一次地犯错误)”可知，空格处应该是要解释为什么要原谅自己所犯的错误(因为作为一个普通人，普通人是会犯错的)，选项D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.(记住，你只是个人)。【经典考例3】(2021·新高考卷I节选)Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.___38___Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.38.【答案】G【解析】本段讲了巴黎人的饮食习惯，空后的句子提到了法国的草莓很好吃，空格处的句子应该与空后的句子构成例证关系，话题与法国的美食相关，故选G项“Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.(食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)。【经典考例4】(2020·山东卷节选)Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.___36___Doyouwanttobeagoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.Toooftenwhenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public”attheexpenseofthe“speaking.”___37___Focusonthespeaking.Talkdirectlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.A.Dotheopposite.B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C.Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E.TheobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudienceF.TakethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlistenersG.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.36.【答案】G【解析】空格的前面的句子说“Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.(有些人天生就有公开演讲的天赋)”。空格的后面的句子又说“Doyouwanttobeagoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.(你想成为一个好的公众演说家吗？这里有一些你必须掌握的原则)”，很显然，空格处应该表示转折意义的句子，故选G项(然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练)。与上句转折，引出本文主题——演讲者要训练。37.【答案】A【解析】下句Focusonthespeaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在“公众”身上，而不是“演讲”本身上。这是错误的做法，A项Dotheopposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法，故选A。【经典考例5】(2021·新高考I卷节选)Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.___37___Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.37.【答案】C【解析】根据空格前“UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.(与普通的巴黎公寓不同，管道系统工作正常)”可知，空格处应该描述作者所租赁的公寓情况。空格后的“Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,‘Ouverturedesportes,’inperfectFrench.(学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 我们的大楼甚至有一个小电梯，一走进去，就会听到一声柔柔的完美的法语‘Ouverturedesportes’)”与空格处的句子构成逻辑上的“层层推进(即递进)”关系，故选C项。本题也可以借助语篇结构“总——分”的关系解题。关系上一句和下一句都是介绍公寓的基本情况，而且都是好的方面，故C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.与上下文内容一致，基调统一。而且本段是总分结构，第一句是总，后面的内容都是介绍公寓基本配套情况，故选C。【经典考例6】(2021·新高考I卷节选)MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.___36___Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.36.【答案】F【解析】上文“MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果(下文有标志性的词So)，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否能在某种程度上像真正的巴黎人那样生活)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。【经典考例7】(2020·全国高考III卷节选)Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.___36___Anditisgoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefulpresents.A.Thisisn’tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.36.【答案】E【解析】上句“Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)”介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句“Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)”介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句构成并列关系，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。三、段尾设空的主要考点首段末句设空的考点：承上启下句，引出全文要谈的几个方面(段落)；全文主题句；段落末句设空的考点：段落主题句/总结句(往往与段落开头呼应)；(承上启下)过渡句或细节支撑句(与空前或空后内容形成某种内在的逻辑关系)；全文末句设空的考点：全文的总结句(往往与文章开头呼应)。【满分技巧1】借助“前呼后应”解题尾句要跟段首句呼应以及要跟前文中的一两句呼应。【满分技巧1】借助“瞻前顾后”解题先看空格前的句子看是否与尾句有关联。如果看不出，就要考虑看下一段的首句，看看是否有关联。【满分技巧1】借助“逻辑优先”解题分析尾句与空格的前句之间的逻辑关系。【经典考例1】(2017·全国新课标III卷节选)Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound. ___39___ Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord. ___40___(Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.) Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafétogetcoffee.39.【答案】F【解析】本段考查段尾总结句。本段主要说明坚持周末睡眠时间表的重要性。上文提到如果周五没有休息好，在周六睡过头听起来很好，但研究发现，这样做会影响下一周的睡眠状况。所以39题作为本段的尾句，应为结论句，提醒人们无论周几，都要坚持既定的作息时间，与段首句“Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.”相呼应，故选F。【经典考例2】(2021·6月浙江卷节选)You’vegotmail…andit’sapostcardPauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.___11___“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.”hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit...”A.Andthat’stotallyfineB.ThatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeitC.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobbyD.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.11.【答案】G【解析】上文“PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredimageofRome’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.(34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师PauloMagalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。下文“...andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit.”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。选项G“Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingascribblednotefromsomeonefaraway.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”起到承上启下的作用，总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题，故选G项。【经典考例3】(2020·山东卷节选)Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewhocaresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People’sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage.So,don’tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunless学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 it’satrulyseriousone.___18___A.Dotheopposite.B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C.Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E.TheobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudienceF.TakethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlistenersG.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.18.【答案】C【解析】本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项“你不必为一个小失误道歉”承接上句，是对待演讲出错的方法，故选C。【经典考例4】(2020·6月浙江卷节选)Abrightspotformeturnedouttobereading.Myloveofthewrittenwordbeganearlyasmymotherreadtomeeveryevening.___32___(Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.)Istartedreadingbooksonmyownbeforeage5andmymothertookmetothepubliclibraryonceaweektoborrowseveralbooks.Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren’sbookstooneswithfewerpicturesandlongerchapters.Readingopenednewworldstome.___33___A.Iwasn’taloneanylonger.B.Ienjoyedreadingstoriesaloud.C.Iwasinvitedtoplaywithanotherkid.D.Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.E.AnotherhabitIformedearlywasbeingoutdoors.F.Thus,Ibeganmylifelonginterestinmakingthings.G.Myolderbrothercouldn’tbebotheredtoplaywithme.33.【答案】A【解析】根据前句提到“Readingopenednewworldstome.”可知阅读为作者打开了新世界，所以空格处应该讲的是阅读给作者带来的好处。A项“我不再孤独”和上句构成了因果关系，故选A。(题目序号仿新高考)每篇答题时间不超过8分钟Passage1(2022·广东高三期中)Readytoupgradeyourusualwalkaroundtheparkforahikeinthewild?___36___So,beforeyousetoff,here’ssometipsandrecommendations.学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Chooseyourtrail(小路).Areyouupforaclimborwouldyouprefermoreofaneasierwalk?Considerthingsliketheamountoftimeyouhaveforyourhike,aswellasthedistanceanddifficultylevel.Besuretodoplentyofresearchandmapoutyourstartandendpoints.___37___Checktheweatherforecast.There’snosuchthingasbadweatherifyou’vecomeprepared!Socheckingtheweatherforecastinadvanceisvital.___38___Forasunnyhike,abaseballcapaddsasportyedgetoyourhikingoutfitwhilekeepingthesunfromyoureyes.___39___Awell-packedbackpackcanmake-or-breaktheexperienceofyourhike.Fillyourwatercontainerandstoreupenergy-increasingsnackstokeepyougoingonyourtrail.Afirstaidkitandmaparealsoworthpoppinginyourbag,too.Beforeyoupack,it’simportanttochooseagoodqualitybackpackthat’slightweightandcomfortable.Layerup.Wonderingwhattowearonahike?___40___Thisthree-layersystemincludesabaselayernexttoyourskin,anadjustablelayerontopandanoutershelltoprotectyoufromwaterandwind.Hopefullyyouwon’tbebattlingtheelementstoomuch,butlayeringupwithlightclothesmeansyoucanstayonthetrailwithasmileonyourface.A.Packyournecessitiesinaqualitybackpack.B.Youwanttokeepyourbackpackaslightaspossible.C.Incaseofrain,awaterproofjacketshouldbeonyourchecklist.D.Lightweightshoesareagoodbalancebetweensupportandstability.E.Anddon’tforgettoletsomeoneknowyourtrailifyou’rehikingalone.F.Experthikerssuggestathree-layerapproachtodressingwellforaroughday.G.Preparationiskeytothedifferencebetweenagoodhikeandanunforgettableone.【答案】GECAF【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何为一次难忘的徒步旅行做好准备。36.【答案】G【解析】空前说“Readytoupgradeyourusualwalkaroundtheparkforahikeinthewild?(准备好升级你在公园散步的习惯，来一次野外徒步旅行了吗)”，空后说“So,beforeyousetoff,here’ssometipsandrecommendations.(所以，在你出发之前，这里有一些建议)”，空格处应说为徒步旅行做准备是很重要的，G选项“Preparationiskeytothedifferencebetweenagoodhikeandanunforgettableone.(准备是决定一次好的徒步旅行和一次难忘的徒步旅行的关键)”说明了为徒步旅行做好充分准备是很重要的，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。37.【答案】E【解析】本段主题句是“Chooseyourtrail(小路).(选择你的路线)”，空前说“Besuretodoplentyofresearchandmapoutyourstartandendpoints.(一定要做大量的研究，并规划好你的起点和终点)”，空格处所说内容应该与路线有关，E选项“Anddon’tforgettoletsomeoneknowyourtrailifyou’rehikingalone.(如果你一个人徒步，别忘了让别人知道你的路线)”说明的是把路线告诉他人，以保证安全，因此是关于路线的，符合语境，故选E。学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 38.【答案】C【解析】空前说“Socheckingtheweatherforecastinadvanceisvital.(所以提前查看天气预报是至关重要的)”，空格处要说的内容应该与为应对天气做准备相关，C选项“Incaseofrain,awaterproofjacketshouldbeonyourchecklist.(以防下雨，你的清单上应该有一件防水夹克)”是对下雨天所做的准备，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。39.【答案】A【解析】空格处是本段主题句，由空后的“Awell-packedbackpackcanmake-or-breaktheexperienceofyourhike.Fillyourwatercontainerandstoreupenergy-increasingsnackstokeepyougoingonyourtrail.Afirstaidkitandmaparealsoworthpoppinginyourbag,too.Beforeyoupack,it’simportanttochooseagoodqualitybackpackthat’slightweightandcomfortable.(一个打包好的背包可以决定你徒步旅行的成败。装满你的水，储存增加能量的零食，让你继续前行。急救箱和地图也值得放在你的包里。在你打包之前，选择一个质量好的、轻便舒适的背包是很重要的)”可知，本段主要讲的是要如何打包背包，A选项“Packyournecessitiesinaqualitybackpack.(把你的必需品装进高质量的背包里)”说明了要如何打包背包，可概括本段内容，可作为小标题，故选A。40.【答案】F【解析】空前说“Wonderingwhattowearonahike?(想知道徒步旅行该穿什么)”，空后说“Thisthree-layersystemincludesabaselayernexttoyourskin,anadjustablelayerontopandanoutershelltoprotectyoufromwaterandwind.(这个三层的系统包括紧贴皮肤的底层，顶部可调节的一层和保护你免受水和风伤害的外壳)”，说明空格处要说到的穿的是一种有三层的衣物，F选项“Experthikerssuggestathree-layerapproachtodressingwellforaroughday.(登山专家建议穿三层衣服来应对艰难的一天)”说到了包含三层的衣服，其中的“three-layer”和空后的“three-layer”一致，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。Passage2(2022·湖北恩施市一中模拟预测)TheUnitedStatesisavastcountrywheretherearefourdifferenttimezones.Inaddition,manypartsofthecountryobservedaylightsavingtime(DST)aswell.InareasthatadoptDST,theclockismovedonehourforwardforthesummer.Thus,thelocaltimevariesacrossdifferentareasofthecountry.___36___Ithasbeenchangedmanytimesovertheyears.Fordecades,boththeEasternTimeZoneandCentralTimeZonehaveexistedwithinthestate.ManyareasinthestatehaveswitchedbackandforthbetweenEasternTimeandCentralTime.Furthermore,untilveryrecently,policyconcerningDSTdifferedfromoneplacetoanother.___37___In2006,however,theentirestatestartedtoobserveDST.SomehavearguedthatthetimesysteminIndianaharmslocalbusinessesworkingwithcompaniesoutsideofIndiana.Forexample，acompanyinIndianaoncescheduledaphoneconferencewithcompaniesinotherstates.___38___Thiswasbecausethosewhomissedtheconferencedidnotknowinwhichtimezonethecompanywaslocated.学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ___39___LocalbusinessesmaybenefitfrombeingintheEasternTimeZonewherethefinancialcenteroftheentirecountry,WallStreetinNewYorkCity,islocated.Meanwhile,thismaynotbeconvenientforresidentsinthewesternpartsofIndianawhocommute(通勤)tomajorcitiesintheCentralTimeZone,likeChicago,justacrossthestateborder.ThecontroversyovertimeinIndianawaspartlyresolvedin2006.___40___However,thereisstilldisagreementabouthavingtwodifferenttimezonesinthestate.Thisdebatemaycontinueaslongaspeoplelivingindifferentpartsofthestatehavedifferentneeds.A.InotherareasDSTwasadopted.B.Itisnoteasytoresolvethisissue.C.TheentirestatestartedtoobserveDST.D.Onlyhalfoftheparticipantswereonline.E.MostareasintheEasternTimeZonedidnotadoptDST.F.ThestateofIndianaisknownforitscomplextimesystem.G.ItdependsonwhichtimezonetheareaisinandwhetherDSTisadopted.【答案】FBDEC【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国不同地区对于夏令时制度的执行情况。36.【答案】F【解析】文章第二、三段介绍的是印第安纳州夏令时制度执行的复杂情况，该空后文的“Ithasbeenchangedmanytimesovertheyears.(这些年来，它已经改变了很多次)”中的it指的是F选项中的“itscomplextimesystem”，即印第安纳州复杂的时间系统。故选F项。37.【答案】B【解析】根据上文“Fordecades,boththeEasternTimeZoneandCentralTimeZonehaveexistedwithinthestate.ManyareasinthestatehaveswitchedbackandforthbetweenEasternTimeandCentralTime.Furthermore,untilveryrecently,policyconcerningDSTdifferedfromoneplacetoanother.(几十年来，东部时区和中部时区都存在于该州。该州的许多地区在东部时间和中部时间之间来回切换)”可知，选项承接上文说明解决问题是有难度的。故B选项“Itisnoteasytoresolvethisissue.(要解决这个问题并不容易)”和前文紧密相关。故选B项。38.【答案】D【解析】根据上文“SomehavearguedthatthetimesysteminIndianaharmslocalbusinessesworkingwithcompaniesoutsideofIndiana.(一些人认为，印第安纳州的时间系统损害了与印第安纳州以外公司合作的当地企业。例如，印第安纳州的一家公司曾经与其他州的公司安排了一次电话会议)”说明时间不统一带来了不利影响并举例说明，以及下文“Thiswasbecausethosewhomissedtheconferencedidnotknowinwhichtimezonethecompanywaslocated.(这是因为错过会议的人不知道该公司位于哪个时区)”解释了参加线上会议人数较少的原因，D选项“Onlyhalfoftheparticipantswereonline.(只有一半的参与者在线)”说明现象，只有一半的公司上线，承接上文所讲的不利影响，又是下文解释原因的问题所在。故选D项。学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 39.【答案】E【解析】下文“LocalbusinessesmaybenefitfrombeingintheEasternTimeZonewherethefinancialcenteroftheentirecountry,WallStreetinNewYorkCity,islocated.(当地企业可能会受益于在东部时区，那里是整个国家的金融中心，纽约的华尔街位于此)”是在解释为什么大多数的东部地区不愿意使用夏令时。E选项“MostareasintheEasternTimeZonedidnotadoptDST.(东部时区的大部分地区没有采用夏令时)”放于句首总领全段，符合语境。故选E项。40.【答案】C【解析】上文“ThecontroversyovertimeinIndianawaspartlyresolvedin2006.(随着时间的推移，印第安纳州的争议在2006年部分解决了。)”表明印第安纳州的问题得到了部分解决，C项“TheentirestatestartedtoobserveDST.(整个州都采用了夏令时)”，是指解决以上问题的具体方案，承接上文。故选C项。Passage3(2022·湖南武冈市教育科学研究所高三期中)HowtotellyourcareerstoryIbelievetellingyourstoryisoneofthemostimportantlifeskillsbecauseitisthemomentwhenyoucommittothechangewhatyouwanttomakeinyourlife___36___.SharewhatyoureallywanttodoIfyouknowwhatyoureallywanttodoforwork,tellpeopleevenifyouhaven’ttakenyourfirststepdownthatpath.Don’tholdback,goforit!___37___,notwhatyouaredoingrightnow.Whenyoutalkabouttheworkyou’vealwayswantedtodo,you’llnaturallysoundmoreexcited,andotherpeoplewillsenseyourexcitement.ShareyourmotivationAssoonasyoutellsomeoneabouttheworkyou’vealwayswantedtodo,immediatelytellthemaboutyourmotivationfordoingit.Communicateyour“why”,yourpurpose,andyourreasonformakingachangeinyourwork.___38___iftheybelieveyourintentionsarereliable.Youmightevenshareapersonalstory.___39___?Yourpastexperienceshavevalue.Theyprovidedyouwithmarketableskillsthatyoucanuseinnewwaystosupportyournewwork.Theyarepartofyournewstory.Whenyoutalktosomeoneaboutwhatyouwanttodo,sharehowyourpastexperiencesmakeyouuniquelyqualifiedtodoit.Howdidtheyleadyouheretotakethisnextstep?Showhowthey’rehelpingyouworktowardyournewpurpose.Forexample,myworkatCBSNewshelpedmetotellstories.Myworkatdot-comshelpedmeunderstandthepossibilitiesofthedigitalmedia.___40___.Myworkasanentrepreneurhelpedmeunderstandhowtobuildcommunities.A.HowareyouuniquelyqualifiedB.FocusonwhereyouwantyourlifetogoC.Herearesome“rules”fortellingyourcareerstoryD.What’sthedifferencebetweenoldexperiencesandnewstoriesE.Ibelieveeveryonehasagreatuntoldstorythatdeservestobetold学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 F.MyworkasasalestrainertaughtmehowtoinspirepeopletochangeG.Peoplewillbemoreengagedandevenmoremotivatedtoofferyouhelp【答案】CBGAF【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何讲述你的职业故事并且给出了相关的要求和规则。36.【答案】C【解析】根据上文“Ibelievetellingyourstoryisoneofthemostimportantlifeskillsbecauseitisthemomentwhenyoucommittothechangewhatyouwanttomakeinyourlife.”(我相信讲述自己的故事是最重要的生活技能之一，因为这是你致力于改变自己生活中想要的东西的时刻)引出话题，提到讲述自己的故事。以及下文分别举出的几点要求和建议，可知空格处内容为有一些讲述故事的要求和规则。结合选项C项Herearesome“rules”fortellingyourcareerstory.(这里有一些讲述你的职业故事的“规则”)符合此推断，起到承上启下的过渡作用。故选C项。37.【答案】B【解析】上文“Don’tholdback,goforit!”(不要退缩，大胆去做吧！)说明要勇敢去做。下文“notwhatyouaredoingrightnow.”(不是你现在在做什么)否定现在所做的事情。故可推断空格处内容为专注于想要做的事情。结合选项B项Focusonwhereyouwantyourlifetogo.(专注于你想要的生活)符合此推断，上下文语意连贯，下文是空格处内容的补充说明。故选B项。38.【答案】G【解析】下文“iftheybelieveyourintentionsarereliable.”(如果他们相信你的意图是可靠的)提到假设情况之后的结果。结合选项G项Peoplewillbemoreengagedandevenmoremotivatedtoofferyouhelp.(人们将更多地参与和更主动地为你提供帮助)即是这种假设成立后的积极结果，其中offeryouhelp与下文的reliable一致。故选G项。39.【答案】A【解析】由空格处的问号可知，该句应为问句，故在AD选项中选出其一。通过下文“Yourpastexperienceshavevalue.Theyprovidedyouwithmarketableskillsthatyoucanuseinnewwaystosupportyournewwork.Theyarepartofyournewstory.Whenyoutalktosomeoneaboutwhatyouwanttodo,sharehowyourpastexperiencesmakeyouuniquelyqualifiedtodoit.Howdidtheyleadyouheretotakethisnextstep?”(你过去的经历很有价值。它们为你提供了适合市场的技能，你可以用新的方式来支持你的新工作。他们是你新故事的一部分。当你和别人谈论你想做什么时，分享一下你过去的经历是如何让你有资格做这件事的。它们是怎么让你走到这一步的？)说明要展示你过去的经历以及你独特的资格。结合选项A项Howareyouuniquelyqualified.(你如何做到独一无二)为总结该段的内容(小标题)，与下文意思一致。故选A项。40.【答案】F【解析】根据上文“Myworkatdot-comshelpedmeunderstandthepossibilitiesofthedigitalmedia.”(例如，我在CBS新闻的工作帮助我讲故)以及下文“Myworkasanentrepreneurhelpedmeunderstandhowtobuildcommunities.”(作为一名企业家，我的工作帮助我理解了如何建立社区)学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 可知，都分别举例介绍自己的经历，故可推断空格处内容也应为说明自己的具体经历。和上下文构成并列关系，为共同组成举出的三个例子。结合选项F项Myworkasasalestrainertaughtmehowtoinspirepeopletochange.(销售培训师的工作教会了我如何激励人们做出改变)可知，为工作经历例子的其一，符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。Passage4(2022·辽宁高三期中)Housekeepingcanbeaneffectivestressrelieverinourbusylifeifweknowhowtoenjoyit.Wecanbenefitalotfromdoinghousework.Activitieslikecleaningthehousecouldgiveusasenseofbelongingtoourenvironment.___36___Inthelimitedspace,onecancreatethebestatmospherethatcanshowthepositiveenergyandcareforthemembersofthehouse,includingourselves.Cleaningoffersthestateofmindfulness,releasingtheendorphins,whichcanimproveourmood,Cleaningactivities,suchassweepingthefloor,providesthesamebenefitsasexercising.Wekeepthebodyactiveandmakeitapartoftheexercise,whichisespeciallygoodforsomeonewhofindsastruggletomaintainaworkoutschedule.Sowe’resupposedtostartthedaywithearlymorningcleaning.___37___Cleaningprovidesasenseofcontroloverourenvironment.Anxiety,theearlystageofmentalbreakdown,couldcomefrominsecuritytowardsuncertainty.___38___Cleaninggivesussomethingtohavepowerover—evenifit’ssomethingassmallasorganisingourbooksbycolour.“Whenweseekoutwaystoreducefeelingsofhelplessness,cleaningisoneofthebestwaystodothat,”saidJaimeZuckerman,anAmericanclinicalpsychologist.___39___Accomplishingaclean-upprojectcouldcreatea“goodfeeling”ofconfidencethatlaststhroughoutday.Greaterconfidenceencouragespeopletofaceotherchallengesinlifethatmayhaveseemedtoofarareachinthepast.It’shealthytousecleaningtoclearyourmind,gainperspective,andtakeabreakfromyourworries.___40___Sowehavetomakesureit’senjoyableinsteadofovertiring.A.Cleaningisagreatwaytoshowlove.B.Thepost-cleanupfeelingscaninspireconfidence.C.Peopleenjoythedomestictaskofhousekeeping.D.Peopleneedsomethingthattheyhavecontrolover.E.Wecan’tdependontidyingpracticetorelieveinternaldiscomfort.F.However,goingoverboardwiththecleaningactivitiescancausestress.G.Thatcanencourageoursubconscioustobeanactivepersonduringtheday.【答案】AGDBF【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了做家务可以有效地缓解压力。像打扫房子这样的活动会给人们带来很多益处。36.【答案】A【解析】根据下一句中的“Inthelimitedspace,onecancreatethebestatmospherethatcanshowthepositiveenergyandcareforthemembersofthehouse,including学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ourselves.(在有限的空间里，人们可以创造出最好的氛围，展现出正能量，关爱家庭成员，包括我们自己)”可知，空处是对后文的概括总结，下文表明在家里有限的空间里，我们可以通过打扫卫生为家里制造出爱的氛围。A项“清洁是表达爱意的好方法”符合语境。A项中的showlove是对下文中的“canshowthepositiveenergyandcareforthemembersofthehouse”的概括。故选A。37.【答案】G【解析】根据“Sowe’resupposedtostartthedaywithearlymorningcleaning.(所以我们应该从清晨的清洁开始)”可知，空处表明从清晨的清洁开始的好处，也就是能够为我们一天的工作做准备。G项“这可以鼓励我们的潜意识在白天成为一个积极的人”符合语境。G项中的“duringtheday”和前文中的“startthedaywithearlymorningcleaning”相呼应。故选G。38.【答案】D【解析】53.根据本段的主题句“Cleaningprovidesasenseofcontroloverourenvironment.(清洁提供了一种对环境的控制感)”，空前句“Anxiety,theearlystageofmentalbreakdown,couldcomefrominsecuritytowardsuncertainty.(焦虑是精神崩溃的早期阶段，可能来自不安全感和不确定性)”以及空后“Cleaninggivesussomethingtohavepowerover—evenifit’ssomethingassmallasorganisingourbooksbycolour.(清洁给了我们一些力量，即使是按颜色整理书籍这样的小事)”可知，空格前指出焦虑可能来自不安全感和不确定性，空格后提到清洁给了我们力量。由此可知，一个过渡句，承前启后。D项“人们需要一些他们可以控制的东西”符合语境。D项中的controlover和前文asenseofcontrol相呼应。故选D。39.【答案】B【解析】根据空后“Accomplishingaclean-upprojectcouldcreatea“goodfeeling”ofconfidencethatlaststhroughoutday.Greaterconfidenceencouragespeopletofaceotherchallengesinlifethatmayhaveseemedtoofarareachinthepast.(完成一个清理项目可以创造一种持续一整天的“良好感觉”。更大的信心鼓励人们面对生活中的其他挑战，这些挑战在过去似乎遥不可及)”可知，本段内容提到完成一个清理项目可以创造一种持续一整天的充满信心的“良好感觉”以及给后续生活带来好处。B项“清理后的感觉可以激发信心”适合作本段的主旨大意句。故选B。40.【答案】F【解析】根据“Sowehavetomakesureit’senjoyableinsteadofovertiring.(所以我们必须确保这是愉快的，而不是过度劳累)”可知，空格处与下一句为因果关系。下一句指出：因此，我们必须确保这是愉快的，而不是过度疲惫的。由此可知，空格处提到过度做家务是不好的。F项“然而，过度进行清洁活动可能会造成压力”符合语境。故选F。学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司