浙江省余姚市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语 Word版含解析

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余姚市2022学年高一第二学期高中期末考试英语试题注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题);全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必把自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3.答第Ⅰ卷时，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑、涂满;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。4.答第Ⅱ卷时，用黑色墨水钢笔在答题卡规定区域内作答;答在本试卷上或超出答题区域书写答案无效。第I卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whattimewillthemanseethedoctor?A.At2pmnextTuesday.B.At3pmnextTuesday.C.At2pmnextWednesday.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inarepairshop.B.Inthecleaner’s.C.Inastore.3.Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.HeisgoingtolearnFrench.B.HeisanativespeakerofFrench.C.HewillgotoGermanyaftergraduation.4.Whatwillthemandoafterlunch?A.Playbadminton.B.Haveagoodrest.C.Gotothelibrary.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?AAfootballmatch.B.ATVprogram.C.Atrainingmethod.

1第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’sneighbors?A.Theyarguealot.B.Theyhaveapartyeveryday.C.Theyplayloudmusicatnight.7.Whatdoesthewomanplantodowithherneighbors?A.Askthemtobequiet.B.Invitethemtodinner.C.Knockontheirdoor.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Makeacomplaint.B.Pickupamail.C.Findalaptop.9.Whatiswrongwiththehandbagthistime?A.Itisinthewrongcolor.B.Itisbroken.C.Itisdeliveredlate.10.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Surprised.B.Tired.C.Angry.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onaplane.B.Atanairport.C.Inarailwaystation.12.Wheredoesthemanwouldliketoseat?A.Inthefrontrow.B.Inthemiddlerow.C.Inthebackrow.13.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Showhisticket.B.Seehisdaughteroff.C.Gothroughsecurity.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’soffice?A.Amazing.B.Unique.C.Small.15.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Movehouse.B.Changehisjob.C.Askforapromotion.16.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?A.Talkwithhismanager.

2B.Watchthewomanpracticing.C.Playtabletenniswiththewoman.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatarethelisteners?A.Parents.B.Students.C.Tourists.18.Whatcanthelistenersdointhemorning?A.Haveclasses.B.Goclimbing.C.Singkaraoke.19.Whencanthelistenersmakeadventuretrips?A.Onweekdayafternoons.B.Onweekdayevenings.C.Onweekends.20.Whichadventuretripinvolveshillwalking?A.TheLakeDistrictAdventure.B.TheBeachAdventure.C.TheLondonExperience.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAlmostanyonecanbookatrip,butnoteveryonecanplanaperfectadventurethat’saffordable,accommodating,andfunforeveryoneinyourgroup.AtTripslnsider.com,wehaveapowerfultool,TravelComparison,whichaimstoprovieyouwiththebestinsidersecretsinthetravelbusiness.Herearesomeinsidertipsthatwe’dliketosharewithyouaboutHotels.CheckDistancesonaMapItisnotuncommonforhotelstoslightlyexaggerate(夸大)thetimeanddistanceofgettingtotheattractionsaroundtown.Ifbeingclosetoaparticularairportorlandmarkisimportantforyourtrip,checkdistancesonmapsbeforeyoubookahotel.SkipthePackageDealsToattractnewguests,somehotelswillofferthemedpackagedealsthatsoundexcitingbutmaynotbeworthit.Justknowthatsometimesthesepackagesincludethingsyoudon’tevenwantorneedandthatthespecialratecouldbehigherthantheregularrate.UnderstandRoomPreferencesAren’tGuaranteedHotelbookingsincludepreferenceslikebedsizeandthenumberofbeds.Butinmanyhotels,travelers

3shouldknowthatthesepreferencesaren’tguaranteed.You’llusuallygetwhatyouaskedfor,butnotalways.MentionSpecialOccasionsManyofustravelforbirthdays,anniversaries,andspecialevents.Mentionwhatyou’recelebratingtothehotelstaffaweekormorebeforeyouarriveandyoumightbesurprisedwithalittlegift,likeabottleofchampagneinyourroom.AskforaCornerRoomWhenyoucheckinatahotel,askifthere’sacornerroomavailable.TheseareusuallylargerandquieterforthesamepriceastheonesinthemiddleofthehallUpgradesaremostoftenofferedattheendofthedaywhenhotelshaveabettersenseoftheiroccupancy(入住率).Whetheryouplantofly,drive,orcruise,becomeanexperttripplannerbyusingourTravelComparisonAPPforallyourtransportationandhotelneeds.Pleasevisitusagainandsinupforournewsletters(内部通讯)tokeepgettingthebestdealandtraveltips.1.You’readvisedtomentionspecialoccasionstothehotelstaffbecause________.A.youmaygetadiscountoftheroomsB.youmayusemorefacilitiesfreeofchargeC.youmaygetapresentfromthehotelD.youmayupgradeyourroomwithoutpayingmore2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Allofthehotelsmarktheirlocationsaccurately.B.Mostofthepackagedealsarewellworthtrying.C.Yourpreferencesmaybeconsideredbutnotalwayssatisfied.D.Youshouldavoidtalkingthecomerroom.3.Thepassageismeantto________.A.askpeopletosignupforthenewslettersB.persuademorepeopletousetheTravelComparisonAPPC.provideuserswiththebestinsidersecretsinthetravelbusinessD.attractuserstopayforthemembership【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是一款可以帮助游客更好地选择酒店，对入住酒店时注意事项进行提醒的手机软件——TravelComparison。

4【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MentionSpecialOccasions部分的“Manyofustravelforbirthdays,anniversaries,andspecialevents.Mentionwhatyou’recelebratingtothehotelstaffaweekormorebeforeyouarriveandyoumightbesurprisedwithalittlegift,likeabottleofchampagneinyourroom.(我们中的许多人都是为了生日、纪念日和特殊事件而旅行的。在你到达之前一周或更早的时候告诉酒店员工你要庆祝什么，你可能会得到一个小礼物，比如在你的房间里放一瓶香槟。)”可知，建议您向酒店工作人员提及特殊场合，因为你可能可以从旅馆得到一份礼物，故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据UnderstandRoomPreferencesAren’tGuaranteed部分的“Hotelbookingsincludepreferenceslikebedsizeandthenumberofbeds.Butinmanyhotels,travelersshouldknowthatthesepreferencesaren’tguaranteed.You’llusuallygetwhatyouaskedfor,butnotalways.(酒店预订包括床的大小和床的数量等偏好。但在许多酒店，旅行者应该知道这些偏好并不能得到保证。你通常会得到你想要的，但并不总是。)”可知，你的喜好可能会被考虑，但并不总是会被满足。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Whetheryouplantofly,drive,orcruise,becomeanexperttripplannerbyusingourTravelComparisonAPPforallyourtransportationandhotelneeds.Pleasevisitusagainandsinupforournewsletters(内部通讯)tokeepgettingthebestdealandtraveltips.(无论您计划乘飞机、自驾还是乘船旅行，都可以使用我们的TravelComparisonAPP，满足您的所有交通和酒店需求，成为旅行计划专家。请再次访问我们并订阅我们的新闻通讯，以获得最佳交易和旅游提示。)”可知，本文目的是说服更多的人使用TravelComparisonAPP，故选B。BDurian(榴莲)isprobablythesmelliestfruitintheworld,lettingoutanunusualunpleasantsmellwhichwouldmakeanyonebringup.However,nobodywasawareofwhatgavethisfruititsuniquesmell,soateamofresearchersfromSingaporedecidedtotakealookatitsgenome(基因组)andfindout,Durianiswell-knownthroughoutSoutheastAsiaasthekingoffruits,mostlybecauseofitsawfulappearanceandsmell.However,theoriginofthisunpleasantsmellwasunknown,soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds(含硫化合物),becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.Thefruitconfuseseveryonewithasulfuricsmell,likerottenonionsandingredients.Thesmelllastslong,mostlybecausethefruitcontainsmorevolatilesulfurcompounds.Otherspeciesusuallybenefitfromtwogenecopiesatmost,butdurianhasfour,leadingtothestrikingsmell.

5However,thissmellmightbeanadvantagefordurianinthewild.Althoughwefinditunpleasant,manyanimalsmightbeattractedbyit.Iftheyeatthefruit,thentheycaneasilyspreaditsseedseverywhere,thuscontributingtothedistributionofthespecies.Themappingoftheduriangenomealsoshowedsomeotherinformationonthespecies.Firstofall,thefruithasanimpressivenumberofgenes,namely46,000.Also,withthehelpofthesegenes,theysawhowitevolved,anddiscovereditwasrelatedtothecacaotree.AlltheotherdiscoverieshavebeenpublishedinthejournalNatureGenetics.Despitethestrikingsmell,manypeopleactuallyenjoyeatingthefruit.However,notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedamagetoourhealth,Evenso,thefruitisoftenimported,significantlycontributingtotheeconomy.4.Whatgivedurianitsuniquesmell?A.Onionsnearby.B.Twogenecopies.C.Rotteningredientsinit.D.Volatilesulfurcompounds.5Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolved”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Developed.B.Escaped.C.Predicted.D.Tolerated.6.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Nobirdsenjoyeatingdurian.B.Duriancanbeplantedallovertheworld.C.Someofdurianspeciescannotbeeaten.D.Durianhasnorelationshipwiththecacaotree.7.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.What’sDurian?B.TheInfluenceoftheSmellC.TheDistributionofDurianD.TheMysteryoftheUnpleasantSmellofDurian【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.D

6【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道是什么让它有这么独特的气味。新加坡的研究者决定找出原因。他们绘制了水果基因图，从中找出导致难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物（South-Type）非常活跃，导致这种难闻的气味。这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，并进而传播种子。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds(含硫化合物),becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选D项。【5题详解】猜测词义题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变（evolved）的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。分析选项（A.develop[生物学]使进化；B.Escape逃脱；C.Predict预言，预测；D.tolerated忍受，容忍。）可知，只有A项develop（使进化），与划线词evolved是同义词。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedam6.agetoourhealth,可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。由此可推断出C项是正确的。【7题详解】主旨大意题。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D项。CBobShahmardiwas4yearsoldwhenhedevelopedaseveredisease.Successrateswiththediseasewererelativelylowatthattime,buthisfamilywasluckytoliveinacommunitythatwashelpfulwhentheydidn’thavemanyresourcesanditwasatthattimethatMake-A-Wishsteppedin.Throughthatorganization,theShahmardifamilygottoenjoyatriptoWaltDisneyWorldResortinFlorida.Thethen4-year-oldhuggedacharacteractoraspartofawishgrantedtohimandhisfamilybytheorganization.“Itwasn’tjustgoingonatrip.Itwasmoreabouthowwegotthroughthathardtime.Itwasfunforme,butitwaslifelineformyparents.”saidBob.30yearslater,Bobandhiswife,JillWelch,decidedtoturntheirweddingintoafundraiserforthe

7Make-A-WishFoundation.Theirweddingguestsfinancedtwowishesforlocalchildren,morebeingplanned.Manydonatedgenerouslytothecause,spendingmore,perhaps,thantheymighthaveifitwasjusttobuythecoupleaweddinggiftlikefinechinaorakitchenappliance.BobsaidtheirweddingdonationtotheMake-A-WishFoundationisn’tgoingtobe“oneanddone”.Thetwoplanoncontinuingtocontributegoingforward.GloriaCrockett,presidentandchiefexecutiveofficeroftheorganization,saidshefeltitamazingtohavesomeonewhobenefitedcomebacktopayitforwardtootherkidslookingforwishes.Contrarytopopularbelief,Gloriastressedthatwishesaren’tgiventocriticallyillchildrenasa“lastwish”,butaregivenasapartofthetreatmentprocess.Theorganizationgrantedatleast165wisheslastyear.ThisyearGloriahopestograntsomewherebetween199and299wishes,dependingonfunding.8.WhichofthefollowinghelpedBobrealizehiswish?A.Thehospital.B.Make-A-Wish.C.Thecommunity.D.DisneyWorld.9.WhatmadeBob’sweddingspecial?A.Collectingmoneyforlocalkids.B.Receivingexpensivegifts.C.Theattendanceofofficials.D.Thenumberoftheguests.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“oneanddone”inParagraph2mean?A.Once-only.B.Non-stop.C.Sizable.D.Personal.11.WhatdidGloriathinkofthewishgiventoBob?A.Itwasafunexperience.B.Itwasalifeline.C.Itwasacertaintreatment.D.Itwasalastwish.【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了小时候受益于许愿基金会的Bob成年后将爱心传递下去的故事。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“itwasatthattimethatMake-A-Wishsteppedin.Throughthatorganization,theShahmardifamilygottoenjoyatriptoWaltDisneyWorldResortinFlorida.”（就在那时，许愿基金会介入了。通过这个组织，Shahmardi一家得以享受到佛罗里达的迪士尼世界度假区之旅）可知，是许愿基金会帮助Bob实现了愿望，故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“30yearslater,Bobandhiswife,JillWelch,decidedtoturntheirweddingintoafundraiserfortheMake-A-WishFoundation.Theirweddingguestsfinancedtwowishesforlocalchildren,morebeingplanned.”（30年后，Bob和他的妻子JillWelch

8决定把他们的婚礼变成许愿基金会的募捐活动。他们的婚礼宾客为当地的孩子们实现了两个愿望，更多的愿望正在计划中）可知，Bob的婚礼的特别之处在于为当地的孩子筹集善款，故选A。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“Thetwoplanoncontinuingtocontributegoingforward.”可知，二人计划继续做贡献，这说明他们的婚礼募捐不会“一劳永逸”，与A项“Once-only”同义，故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“shefeltitamazingtohavesomeonewhobenefitedcomebacktopayitforwardtootherkidslookingforwishes.”（她感到不可思议，有人受益了，回来把它传递给其他寻求愿望的孩子）及最后一段“Contrarytopopularbelief,Gloriastressedthatwishesaren’tgiventocriticallyillchildrenasa‘lastwish’,butaregivenasapartofthetreatmentprocess.”（Gloria强调，对重症儿童的愿望并不是“最后的愿望”，而是作为治疗过程的一部分）可知，Gloria认为许愿基金会给Bob的愿望在某种程度上起到了治疗作用，故选C。DLonelinesshasbeenlinkedtodepression(抑郁)andotherhealthproblems.Now,astudysaysitcanalsospread.Afriendofalonelypersonwasfifty-twopercentmorelikelytodevelopfeelingsofloneliness.Andafriendofthatfriendwastwenty-fivepercentmorelikelytodothesame.Earlierfindingsshowedthathappiness,obesity(肥胖)andtheabilitytostopsmokingcanalsospreadlikeinfectionswithinsocialgroups.ThefindingsallcomefromamajorhealthstudyintheAmericantownofFramingham,Massachusetts.Thestudybeganin1948toinvestigatethecausesofheartdisease.Sincethen,moretestshavebeenadded,includingmeasuresoflonelinessanddepression.ThenewfindingsinvolvedmorethanfivethousandpeopleinthesecondgenerationoftheFraminghamHeartStudy.Theresearchersexaminedfriendshiphistoriesandreportsofloneliness.Theresultsestablishedapatternthatspreadaspeoplereportedfewerclosefriends.Forexample,lonelinesscanaffectrelationshipsbetweennext-doorneighbors.Thelonelinessspreadsasneighborswhowereclosefriendsnowspendlesstimetogether.Thestudyalsofoundthatlonelinessspreadsmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen.Theaveragepersonissaidtoexperiencefeelingsoflonelinessaboutforty-eightdaysayear.Thestudyfoundthathavingalonelyfriendcanaddaboutseventeendays.Buteveryadditionalfriendcandecreaselonelinessbytwoandahalfdays.Lonelypeoplebecomelessandlesstrustingofothers.Thismakesitmoreandmoredifficultforthemto

9makefriends—andmorelikelythatsocietywillreject(排斥)them.JohnCacioppoattheUniversityofChicagoledthestudy.Hesaysitisimportanttorecognizeanddealwithloneliness.Hesayspeoplewhohavebeenpushedtotheedgesofsocietyshouldreceivehelptorepairtheirsocialnetworks.12.Asanaverageperson,ifyoumake2morecommonfriends,howmanydaysayearmightyousufferfromloneliness?A.48daysB.43daysC.65daysD.17days13.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutlonelypeople?A.TheycanovercomelonelinessthemselvesB.Theywilldecreaselonelinessdaybyday.C.TheyneedhelptogetbacktonormalsociallifeD.Theycanhelpotherstorepairtheirsocialnetworks14.What'sthebestwaytohelplonelypeopleaccordingtothispassage?A.Bringthemtogether.B.Makefriendswiththem.C.Helpthemstopsmoking.D.Helpthemloseweight15.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethetopicofthepassage?A.LonelinessandsocialnetworkB.SocialNetworksandfriendshipC.Lonelinessanddiet.D.HelpALonelyPerson【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。孤独影响朋友、邻里等社会关系，一项调查研究的数据说明孤独和朋友之间的关系：越孤独就越有可能被社会排斥，多交朋友可以减少孤独。【12题详解】计算题。由倒数第三段第一句可知一个普通人一年有48天会感到孤独，第三句内容可知增加两位普通朋友可让一个人孤独的时间减少5天，所以答案是B。【13题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句可知，孤独的人需要帮助，且倒数第三段最后一句指出，多交朋友可以减少人们的孤独，故孤独的人更需要友情，因此可推知答案为C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第三段最后一句"Buteveryadditionalfriendcandecreaselonelinessbytwoandahalfdays．每增加一个朋友可减少孤独两天半"

10推断多交朋友会减少孤独；倒数第二段最后一句也可推知帮助孤独者最好的方法是与他们交朋友。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。第一段点明了本文的主题：孤独影响朋友、邻里等社会关系，并且文章利用一项调查研究的数据说明孤独和朋友之间的关系：越孤独就越有可能被社会排斥，多交朋友可以减少孤独。故选A。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。本文是一篇调查研究，通常第一段就点名明了主题。本题第4小题，第一段点明了本文的主题：孤独影响朋友、邻里等社会关系，并且文章利用一项调查研究的数据说明孤独和朋友之间的关系：越孤独就越有可能被社会排斥，多交朋友可以减少孤独。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Can’tsleepeventhoughyou’retired?____16____.Fortunately,thereisasolution.Five,infact.Thenexttimeyoufindyourselflyingawakeinbed,tryoneofthefollowingthingstofallasleepfaster.1.Followabedtimeroutine.Eachnight,completethesamesetofactivitiesinthe30to60minutesbeforebed.Theactivitiesshouldbecalming,preparingyourmindandbodytowinddownandrelax.Thekeyistorepeatthesesameactivitiesinthesameordereachnight.____17____2.Turnoffyourelectronics.Wementionedturningoffyourelectronicsassomethingtoincludeinyourbedtimeroutine.Notonlyarethesedevicesactivatingemotionally—fromstressfulworkemailstoexcitingFacebookupdates—butthebluelighttheyemitisinterpretedbyyourbrainassunlight.Asaresult,whenyouuseelectronicdevicesatnight,yourbrainthinksit’sdaytimeandthereforeatimetostayawakeandalert.Don’tconfuseyourbrain.Turnthesedevicesoffandkeepthemoff,andyou’llsleepeasier.3.____18____Oftentimeswhatkeepsusupatnightisworryandanxietyaboutneverendingto-dolists,abigmeetingthenextday,orthatfightwehadearlierwithourfriend.Ifyourover-anxiousthoughtsarewhat’skeepingyouup,getthemoutofyourheadandontoapieceofpaper.Thephysicalactofwtingthemdownwillmakethemfeeleasiertomanageandreplaceyoursleeplessanxietywithacalmingconfidence.4.Getupoutofbed.

11Iftwentyminuteshavepassed,getoutofbedandgointoanotherroom.Youdon’twantyourmindtoassociateyourbedasaplaceofsleeplessness.____19____Doacalmingactivity,likereadingabook,listeningtosoothingmusicorapodcastknittingorcoloring.DonotwatchTV,checkFacebook,orturnonyourelectronicstodistractyourself-thesedeviceswillactivateyourmindandkeepyouupevenlater.5.Dosomethingboring.It’seasytofallasleepwhenyou’rebored,somakesurewhateveractivityyou’redoingisboring.Insteadofsheep,trydoingmathexercisesinyourhead,orcountingfrom1to100overandoverListentoaboringpodcastoraudiobookwithacalmingnarrator,orreadanacademictextbook.____20____you’llwearyourselfout.Justdon’treadorlistentoanythingoverlydramaticorwithacliffhanger.A.Keepadiaryregularly.B.Journalaboutit.C.Intheotherroom,keepthelightslow.D.Youneedaquietandfamiliarplacetohelpyoufallasleep.E.Theoccasionalboutofinsomnia(失眠)happenstoeveryone.F.Byboringyourself,forcingyourbraintoworkhardertounderstand,G.Youaretrainingyourmindtoassociatetheroutnewithfallingasleep.【答案】16.E17.G18.B19.C20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了失眠时帮助人更快入睡的几个方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Can’tsleepeventhoughyou’retired?”（即使你很累也睡不着?）及下文“Fortunately,thereisasolution.”（幸运的是，有一个解决方案。）可知，此处指出了大多数人失眠的现状。E选项“Theoccasionalboutofinsomnia(失眠)happenstoeveryone.”（每个人都会偶尔失眠）符合语境。故选E。【17题详解】根据此段大标题“Followabedtimeroutine.”（遵循就寝规律。）及上文“Eachnight,completethesamesetofactivitiesinthe30to60minutesbeforebed.”（每天晚上，在睡觉前30到60分钟完成同样的活动。）可知，本段主要介绍了睡前形成规律活动，帮助入睡的方法。G选项“Youaretrainingyourmindtoassociatetheroutinewithfallingasleep.”（你正在训练你的大脑将日常生活与入睡联系起来。）指出训练睡前的日常活动，符合语境。故选G。【18题详解】根据下文“Oftentimeswhatkeepsusupatnightisworryandanxietyaboutneverendingto-dolists,abig

12meetingthenextday,orthatfightwehadearlierwithourfriend.”（通常，让我们夜不能寐的是对没完没了的待办事项清单、第二天的重要会议或之前与朋友的争吵的担忧和焦虑。）及“Ifyourover-anxiousthoughtsarewhat’skeepingyouup,getthemoutofyourheadandontoapieceofpaper.”（如果你过度焦虑的想法让你睡不着觉，把它们从你的脑海里赶出来，写在一张纸上。）可知，本段主要介绍了过度焦虑睡不着时，将这些想法记录下来。B选项“Journalaboutit.”（写日记。）提到的写日记，属于记在纸上的方法，符合语境。故选B。【19题详解】根据上文“Iftwentyminuteshavepassed,getoutofbedandgointoanotherroom.Youdon’twantyourmindtoassociateyourbedasaplaceofsleeplessness.”（如果过了20分钟，就下床到另一个房间去。你不想让你的大脑把你的床和失眠的地方联系在一起。）指出，如果超过20分钟睡不着，最好进入另一个房间及下文“Doacalmingactivity,likereadingabook,listeningtosoothingmusicorapodcastknittingorcoloring.”（做一些让自己平静下来的活动，比如读书、听舒缓的音乐或播客编织或涂色。）推荐了在另一个房间可以做的事情。C选项“Intheotherroom,keepthelightslow.”（在另一个房间里，把灯光调暗。）提到了在另一个房间建议做的事情，符合前后语境。故选C。【20题详解】根据本段大标题“Dosomethingboring.”（做一些无聊的事情。）以及上文“It’seasytofallasleepwhenyou’rebored,somakesurewhateveractivityyou’redoingisboring.”（无聊的时候很容易睡着，所以要确保你做的任何活动都是无聊的。）可知，本段主要介绍了失眠时，可以通过做一些无聊的事情使自己入睡。F选项“Byboringyourself,forcingyourbraintoworkhardertounderstand”（通过让自己感到无聊，迫使你的大脑更加努力地去理解）符合语境，且根据下文“you’llwearyourselfout”（你会把自己累垮的）可知此空应填入的并非完整的句子，只有F选项符合。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenArfelCondova-RojaswasbikingtoJamaicaBayWildlifeRefugelastNovember,sheplannedtogobird-watching.Bingo!Amileintoherwalk,shesawafemale____21____nearthewater’sedge.Cordova-Rojashadworkedatawildbirdrehab(康复)centerand____22____thatswanscanbeaggressive.Butassheapproachedthistime,itdidn’t____23____.Shewascertainthatthebirdneeded____24____attention.Cordova-Rojasputherjacketoverthebird’sheadtokeepitcalm,____25____pickeditupandhelditinherarms.Andthenathought____26____her:WhatshouldIdonow?

13Herbest____27____wastherehabcenter,butthatwasontheothersideoftown.Howwasshegoingtotransporta17-poundswanonher____28____allthatway?Luckily,some____29____drivingbyofferedher,herbikeandtheswana(n)_____30_____totherehabcenter.Staffmembersattherehabcenter_____31_____thattheswanmighthavelead(铅)poisoning.Theygottheswanbackuponherfeet._____32_____,theswanhadabacterialinfection.TwomonthsafterCordova-Rojascametoher_____33_____,shepassedaway.It’sa(n)_____34_____ending,butthestoryshowsjusthowfarpeoplearewillingtogoto_____35_____animals.21.A.bird-watcherB.passer-byC.duckD.swan22.A.knewB.guessedC.claimedD.admitted23.A.continueB.moveC.leaveD.wait24.A.medicalB.constantC.publicD.normal25.A.quicklyB.bravelyC.carefullyD.proudly26.A.stoppedB.passedC.struckD.reminded27.A.resultB.supportC.solutionD.wish28.A.backB.seatC.feetD.bike29.A.doctorsB.workersC.friendsD.strangers30.A.accessB.liftC.callD.invitation31.A.assumedB.determinedC.deniedD.examined32.A.SadlyB.GraduallyC.AccidentallyD.Finally33.A.rescueB.centerC.helpD.way34.A.unexpectedB.naturalC.goodD.disappointing35.A.raiseB.saveC.respectD.change【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.A25.C26.C27.C28.D29.D30.B31.B32.A33.A34.D35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是主人公拯救一只天鹅的故事，虽然最后天鹅仍然死去了，但这个故事显示了人们在拯救动物方面的意愿。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：走了一英里后，她在水边看到了一只雌天鹅。A.bird-watcher鸟类观察者；B.passer-by过路人；C.duck鸭子；D.swan天鹅。根据下文“…thatswanscanbeaggressive

14”可知，她知道天鹅是有攻击性的，由此可知，她在水边看到了一只雌天鹅。故选D项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cordova-Rojas曾在一家野生鸟类康复中心工作，她知道天鹅可能具有攻击性。A.knew知道；B.guessed猜测；C.claimed声称；D.admitted承认。根据句中“Cordova-Rojashadworkedatawildbirdrehab(康复)center”可知，她曾在一家野生鸟类康复中心工作，由此可知，她对野生鸟类有一些了解，知道天鹅可能具有攻击性。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这次当她靠近时，它没有移动。A.continue持续；B.move移动；C.leave离开；D.wait等待。上文提到天鹅可能具有攻击性，再根据句中转折连词“But”可知，本以为天鹅可能具有攻击性，但这次当她靠近时，天鹅却没有移动。故选B项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她确信这只鸟需要医疗护理。A.medical医疗的；B.constant不断的；C.public公众的；D.normal正常的。根据下文“Cordova-Rojasputherjacketoverthebird’sheadtokeepitcalm”和“theswanmighthavelead(铅)poisoning”可知，她把夹克放在鸟的头上，让它保持冷静，并且下文提到这只天鹅是铅中毒，由此可知，她确信这只鸟需要医疗护理。故选A项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Cordova-Rojas把夹克套在鸟的头上，让它保持冷静，小心地把它捡起来，抱在怀里。A.quickly迅速地；B.bravely勇敢地；C.carefully小心地；D.proudly骄傲地。根据上下文内容可知，这只天鹅可能是铅中毒，需要医疗护理，健康状况不好，由此可知，她是小心地把它捡起来，怕弄伤它。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她突然想到：我现在该做什么？A.stopped停止；B.passed通过；C.struck突然想到；D.reminded提醒。根据句中“WhatshouldIdonow?”可知，“我现在该做什么？”是她突然想到的问题。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她最好的解决办法是去康复中心，但那是在镇的另一边。A.result结果；B.support支持；C.solution解决办法；D.wish愿望。根据上文内容可知，天鹅的健康状况不好，由此可知，去康复中心是这种情况下最好的解决办法。故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她怎么能一路骑着自行车去运送一只17磅重的天鹅呢？A.back背部；B.seat座位；C.feet脚；D.bike自行车。根据上文“WhenArfelCondova-RojaswasbikingtoJamaicaBayWildlife

15RefugelastNovember”中的“biking”可知，她是骑车前往野生动物保护区的，由此可知，句中指骑着自行车去运送一只17磅重的天鹅。故选D项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一些路过的陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去康复中心。A.doctors医生；B.workers工人；C.friends朋友；D.strangers陌生人。根据上文内容和句中“drivingby”可知，她是独自一人去野生动物保护区的，由此可知，是路过的陌生人给予她帮助。故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一些路过的陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去康复中心。A.access通道；B.lift搭便车；C.call通话，需求；D.invitation邀请。根据句中“drivingby”可知，陌生人是开车行驶的，由此可知，陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去了康复中心，“offer…alift”意为“让……搭便车”。故选B项。31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：康复中心的工作人员确定天鹅可能是铅中毒。A.assumed假设；B.determined查明，确定；C.denied否定；D.examined检查。根据句中“leadpoisoning”可知，句中指康复中心的工作人员经过检查，确定天鹅可能是铅中毒。故选B项。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，天鹅受到了细菌感染。A.Sadly不幸地；B.Gradually逐渐地；C.Accidentally意外地；D.Finally最后。根据句中“theswanhadabacterialinfection”和下文“shepassedaway”可知，天鹅受到了细菌感染，死去了，由此可知，这是不幸的。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Cordova-Rojas救了她两个月后，她去世了。A.rescue救援；B.center中心；C.help帮助；D.way方法。根据上文内容可知，是Cordova-Rojas救了天鹅，由此可知，句中指在Cordova-Rojas救了天鹅两个月后，天鹅去世了，“cometoone’srescue”意为“救援某人”。故选A项【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个令人失望的结局，但这个故事显示了人们在拯救动物方面的意愿。A.unexpected出乎意料的；B.natural自然的；C.good好的；D.disappointing令人失望的。根据上文内容可知，天鹅受到了细菌感染，死去了，由此可知，这是一个令人失望的结局。故选D项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个令人失望的结局，但这个故事显示了人们在拯救动物方面的意愿。A.raise举起；B.save拯救；C.respect尊敬；D.change改变。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述的是主人公拯救一只天鹅的故事，由此可知，这个故事显示了人们在拯救动物方面的意愿。故选B项。

16第Ⅱ卷第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。LinQiaozhi,____36____(know)asthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”,deliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetimeandmadegreat____37____(contribute)tothebirthofchildreninChina.Whenyoung,shedidn’tfollowthetraditionalpathlikemostgirlsandmadeuphermindtostudymedicine____38____herbrother’scomplaintforthehightuitionfees.AftergraduatingfromPekingUnionMedicalCollege____39____theWenhaiScholarship,thehighestprizegiventograduates,shebecamethefirstwomanever____40____(hire)asresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.Afterafewyears,shewenttoEuropeandAmericaforfurthereducation.Duringherstaythere,____41____sheimpressedhercollegesandwasgivenanoffertostayinAmerica,sherejectedwithoutanyhesitationandwenttoChinatoservethewomenandchildren.Asadoctor,notonlywassheappointedthefirstwomandirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofPUMCHospital,butshealsoopened____42____privateclinictocureallthepeopleinneedofhelp.AfterthePeople’sRepublic____43____(found),LinQiaozhibecamebusierandplayedan____44____(increase)importantroleassheheldmanyimportantpositions.However,shewasmorekeenontendingpatients,_____45_____(publish)medicalresearchoncareforwomenandchildrenandtrainingnewdoctors.Shedidn’tretireuntilthedayshedied.【答案】36.known37.contributions38.despite39.with40.tobehired41.although##though42.a43.wasfounded44.increasingly45.publishing【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了被称为“万婴之母”的林巧稚的生平。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为“万婴之母”的林巧稚一生接生了5万多名婴儿，为中国的儿童出生做出了巨大贡献。被修饰词LinQiaozhi与know之间存在被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填

17known。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：被称为“万婴之母”的林巧稚一生接生了5万多名婴儿，为中国的儿童出生做出了巨大贡献。分析句子结构可知，此处应填名词作宾语；固定搭配makecontributionsto“为……做贡献”。故填contributions。【38题详解】考查介词。句意：年轻的时候，她没有像大多数女孩一样走传统的道路，她不顾哥哥对高昂学费的抱怨，下定决心要学医。分析句子结构可知，空处应填介词；根据句意可知，此处表示“不管，不顾”。故填despite。【39题详解】考查介词。句意：从北京协和医学院毕业后，她获得了文海奖学金——毕业生获得的最高荣誉，她成为了北京协和医院妇产科第一位女住院医师。分析句子结构可知，空处应填介词；根据句意可知，此处表示伴随状态。故填with。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从北京协和医学院毕业后，她获得了文海奖学金——毕业生获得的最高荣誉，她成为了北京协和医院妇产科第一位女住院医师。名词前有序数词修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语，且hire与she构成被动关系，应用tobedone形式。故填tobehired。【41题详解】考查连词。句意：在留学期间，虽然她给学校留下了深刻的印象，也得到了留在美国的机会，但她毫不犹豫地拒绝了，而是回到中国为妇女和儿童服务。分析句子可知，空处应填连词；根据句意前后为让步关系，且在句首。故填although或者though。【42题详解】考查冠词。句意：作为一名医生，她不仅被任命为北京协和医院妇产科的第一位女主任，而且还开设了一家私人诊所，为所有需要帮助的人提供治疗。此处privateclinic为泛指“一个私人诊所”，且private是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。【43题详解】考查被动语态。句意：新中国成立后，林巧稚工作越来越繁忙，发挥了越来越重要的作用，因为她担任了许多重要职务。分析句子可知，空处是从句的谓语动词，主语和谓语是被动关系，根据句意为一般过去时，且主语thePeople’sRepublic是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填wasfounded。【44题详解】

18考查副词。句意：新中国成立后，林巧稚的工作越来越繁忙，发挥了越来越重要的作用，因为她担任了许多重要职务。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词important，由句意可知此处表示“越来越”，所以应用副词。故填increasingly。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，她更热衷于照顾病人，发表关于妇女和儿童护理的医学研究，以及培训新医生。此处作介词on的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填publishing。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)46.假如你是李华，你的外国朋友James想找一个人教他中文，请你写信推荐你的朋友王明。内容包括：1.写信目；2.推荐理由。注意：1.词数80左右；2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJames,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearMr.James,LearningthatyouarelookingforsomeonetoteachyouChinese,IamwritingtorecommendmyfriendWangMing.DisciplineanddiligencemakesWangMingoneofthetopstudentsintheclass.BeinggoodatChineseandEnglish,heoncewonthefirstplaceinourschoolspeechcompetition.Besides,heiseasy-goingandwillingtohelpothers.Inshort,Iamconvincedthatheisanidealcandidateforit.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldconsidermyrecommendationfavorably.Yourssincerely,

19LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外国朋友James写封信，推荐你的朋友王明教他中文。【详解】1.词汇积累寻找：lookfor→seek另外：besides→moreover擅长：begoodat→dowellin简而言之：inshort→inbrief2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：DisciplineanddiligencemakesWangMingoneofthetopstudentsintheclass.拓展句：BecauseWangMingisdisciplinedanddiligent,heisoneofthetopstudentsintheclass.【点睛】[高分句型1]LearningthatyouarelookingforsomeonetoteachyouChinese,IamwritingtorecommendmyfriendWangMing.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2]Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldconsidermyrecommendationfavorably.(运用了it作形式宾语)第二节读后续写(满分25分)47.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之成为一个完整的故事。Afewyearsago,IwashavingdinnerwithsomegoodfriendsfromworktocelebratetheupcomingChristmasholiday.Aswewerefinishingupthatevening,oneofmyfriendstoldusaverysadstoryaboutsomethingthathadhappenedthedaybefore.Herson’sfriendwasinhismd-twentiesandself-employed.Helivedonthesecondfloorofahousenearby.Someonewholiedonthefirstfloorhadbeensmokingandfellasleep.Thehouseburneddown.Allthepeopleescaped,butthehousewascompletelydestroyedwitheverythinginit.Allthisyoungmanhadweretheclothesonhisbackandhispickuptruck.Hehadnofamilyintheareaandnowheretogo.Myfriendwasputtinghimupforafewdaysuntilhecoulddecidewhattodonext.Thoseofussittingatthedinnertablewerehorrified.Everyonestartedopeningtheirwalletstocontributemoney.Myfriendputupherhandandsaid,“Hewillnotacceptmoney.Wetriedtopersuadehim,buthethinksitischarityandwon’ttakeit.Allhewantsisawarmcoatandsomeusedclothingifanyonehassome.”Wewereallmorethanhappytofulfilthisrequestandweretoldthatheworeasize2XL.Noneofusknewmenwhoworethatsize,soitwasgoingtobeabitofachallengetotakecareofthisquickly.ItwasatypicallycoldNewYorkChristmas,andIcouldn’timaginehimwithoutacoat.Ishedtearsonthe

20drivehome,acombinationofgratefultearsforthemanyblessingsIhadinmylifeandsadtearsforthispooryoungmanandhistroubles.Iwenttobedandwokeupinthemiddleofthenightwithaveryclearthoughtinmymind.Iwastofindthisyoungmanacoat.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph1:Thenextmorning,Iwenttoanearbycharityshopandaladygreetedmewithasmile.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Afewminuteslater,shecameoutofthebackroomwithabrand-newcoat.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thenextmorning,Iwenttoanearbycharityshopandaladygreetedmewithasmile.Iwentthrougheverycoatandjacketbutfoundnothingsuitable.WithasinkingheartIheadedtowardtheexit,scratchingmyheadoverwhereIcouldgetacoatinthatsize.Atthatprecisemoment,asalesgirlcameuptomeandaskedgentlywhethertherewassomethingshecoulddoforme.Feelingaglimmerofhope,Ienquiredwhethershehadanythingin2XL.ThenItoldherthestoryaboutthepooryoungman.HearingwhatIsaid,shewenttothebackroomwithouthesitation,hereyesgleamingwithsympathy.Afewminuteslater,shecameoutofthebackroomwithabrand-newcoat.Shewalkedtowardmeandsaidthiscoatwasin2XL.Iwasoverjoyedandaskedhowmuchitwas.However,tomysurprise,shereplied,“Justtakeit!ThisisagiftintendedformyhusbandbutnowIthinktheyoungmanneedsitmorethanmyhusband.”Iwasgreatlymoved.Intheend,Iinsistedongivingher20dollarsasatokenofmygratitude.Iwasaperfectstranger

21whohadneverseenthegirl,butwastreatedwithkindness.WarmthwelledupinsidemethemomentIthoughtofit.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在几年前在和朋友庆祝圣诞节时，听到了一个年轻人的故事，这位年轻人住在二楼，因为一楼的住户吸烟而导致房子被烧毁，除了身上的衣服之外年轻人一无所有，作者和朋友都想捐钱，但是那位年轻人不接受，他只想要一件暖和的外套，尺码为2XL，作者打算为他找到一件这样的外套。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“第二天早上，我去了附近的一家慈善商店，一位女士微笑着迎接我。”可知，第一段可描写作者去慈善商店寻找尺码为2XL的外套。②由第二段首句内容“几分钟后，她拿着一件崭新的外套从后屋出来。”可知，第二段可描写女售货员把自己要送给丈夫的衣服交给作者以及作者的反应。2.续写线索：寻找外套无果——向女售货员分享故事——女售货员拿出外套——感动——坚持付钱表示感谢3.词汇激活行为类①仔细检查：gothrough/checkcarefully②回答：reply/answer③坚持：insiston/stickto情绪类①高兴：overjoyed/joyful②感动：moved/touched【点睛】[高分句型1]Feelingaglimmerofhope,Ienquiredwhethershehadanythingin2XL.(由连接词whether引导的宾语从句)