2023年军队文职人员（数学3+化学）考试核心考点题库300题（含详解）

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2023
ᦻᕒ(ᦪ3+ᓄ)ὃ᪶ὃ⚪300⚪()ஹᓫ⌱⚪1./1=!="#/2%==&ᑣ()Ḅᐵ,-.Aஹᩩ01ḄBஹᩩ2☢Cஹᩩ45678ᔠḄDஹᩩ8ᔠḄ:ᫀ.B᪆.=>?/ᙶ᪗7ᡂCD&ᡠFCஹD7ᡂG;IᑭᵨLᔠM7"N0,ᑨPQᩩ2☢&?᝞S9=<2,3,5},5=(-3,2,4),TU(4,1,-2)ஹV(1,1,3),W=:{-5,2,5},XYZ᧖\,3?&]]^0஺2.bf(x)-Pcᙠ(-8,+8)iḄjklᦪ&ᑣ().ZmᦈoAஹ)-8plim/(x)=0q&ᨵs/(4)ᓃᦈoBஹX-♦8J7plimf/(*)vwᙠq&ᨵxy(᜜vᦈoCஹa—J_J-8a

1Dஹim஺lim|74dxᙳᙠᨵ°7%#ᦈ%JQ"f-BJJ_8a:ᫀ.Dᢥ()*ᑖ//""᪆.ᦈ%Ḅ.)/D,ᐸ3456789.3J/(.r)dr"NSᑡ|}lᦪ?B.fZC/(jr)+/(a-x)]dxA.a)[dzJ0JoC.1[/(x)—/(a—x)]drD.2[/(7)&(᱄Q)]izJoJ0AஹABஹBCஹCDஹD:ᫀ.B᪆:=>:x/(x)dx=1/(x)dx+/(᜜,☢z=a-£JoJ0Jfᣚ&XY᝞S.j^/(x)dr=1^/(a—1)(—ck)=];/(at)d£=]/(a—x)dx

24.

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2Qᱯ«¥¦Ḅᓫ᪷&ᦑ¤¥¦ᱯVb^y"=Axe2x,¶·¤¥¦¬A=1/4,ᦑ¤¥¦ḄQy=yi+y*=Qe-¸*u2x+Ce2x+xe2x/4ᐸº&C2Q¡¢ᦪ஺2᪆.6,lᦪ6”½¾ᡂQX-1ḄÀÁᦪ-஺£"Aஹ*=on!Bஹn=0"Ävx-lnCஹ”=onf1"Dஹn=one:ᫀ.B/ᙠÅᦪÇᑁᨵᑮÊ+1▤ḄÌᦪ:&ᑭᵨÍÎϽ¾᝞S:/=e+ex-1|+Ð+…+?x-1/᪆.aÒ7.᝞ÔᔣVᵫᔣB×a1,a2,…&asឋ⊤>&ᑣSᑡÛÜÝÞḄ-:Aஹwᙠ×7ᐰQàḄᦪk1,k2,■■■,ksã"3=k1a2+k2a2+…+ksasᡂGBஹwᙠ×ᐰQàḄᦪk1,k2,■■■,ksã"B=ᐰa2+k2a2+…+ksasᡂGCஹwᙠ×ᦪk1,k2,■■■,ksã"å0åk1a2+k2a2++ksasᡂGDஹBḄឋ⊤æç:ᫀ.C

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0,B᪆"ᦑ⚟┯<஺[j(l-e-x).v>0E(x)=|9.HIJKLXḄᑖOPᦪ/ᑣA=()஺Aஹ1BஹeCஹ1/eDஹe”ᫀ"A

5limF(.r)=llimJ(l-e-x)=J=1Q᪆᪷^ᑖ_`ᦪḄឋcEdEᨵdY10.<4,5Gn▤fg▣,4Gfh▣iᑡJ▣j7Gfg▣ḄG().AஹA+2EBஹ4+4CஹABDஹA-BOᫀCQ᪆(k)ஹ(8)ஹ(l)689m=2£n46Gfg▣(A+2E)T=AT+(2E)T=A+2£,(4+A)T=AT+4T-A+A,(A-B)r=Ar-BT=A-B.(C)789m=(48)1=8['=o1,p7qrsSA=AS,mFAS7Gfg▣.ᦑ⌱(C).dvᙢxyfg▣z{7|Gfg▣.⌕~{*=fg▣Ḅᐙᑖ⌕ᩩGᣚ.s᝞i:

6cஹcDஹDᫀ"AB᪆"⚪ὃBᑡDḄ).n▤BᑡDḄDjd⚗ᙳGdBḄᐗᦑBᑡD7d⚗.ePᦪ/(fghaiᑣ/ᔳ/ভ-᜼+2")=()A-1//(a)B-|r(a)CIf(a)DIf(a)12.AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀ"AB᪆"¤¥ᢥ᯿§ᦪḄ)D¨©ª«¬Ḅ®f(a)-f(a+2h)f(a2h)-f(a)+=——lim3313.HA,Bn▤k▣mᑡn^ᡂpḄ().

7A(A+B)2=A2+2AJB+B2222Bஹ(A«)=ABcஹ(A+B)(A-B)=A2-B2D.(A+2£)2=A2+4A+4Eᫀ"DB᪆"(A)789m=(A+B)2=A2+AB+SA+"p7qrsA6=R4.¯᪵ᳮᵫ³´(B)ஹ(C)6789m=(AB)2^ABAB=A(BA)B,A2B2=A(AB)B(A+B)(A-B)=A2-AB+BA-B2.D)89m=(A+2E)2=A2+A(2E)+(2E)A+(2E)2=42+2A+2A+4E2=A2+4A+4E.µ⌱(D).14.HAmXN▤q▣,BnXm▤q▣,ᑣ0.Aஹsm>nt,uឋwxkyzABX=Oᨵ|}BBஹsm>ntuឋwxkyzABX=O~ᨵ}BCஹsn>mt,uឋwxkyzABX=Oᨵ|}BDஹsn>mt,uឋwxkyzABX=O~ᨵ}Bᫀ"AB᪆"AB/m▤k▣sm>nt,/r(A)Wn,r(B)Wnr(AB)Wmin(r(A),r(B)),ᡠr(AB)15.HIJKLX᝱ᑖON(u1,஺12),Y᝱ᑖON(2,o22),P{|X—g|V1}>P{|Y2|V1},ᑣᨵ().Ava1a2

8CஹH1u2ᫀ"AB᪆"᪷⚪ᨵ"P{|(X-u1)/al|<1/o1}>P{|(Y-u2)/o2|<1/o2],1/a1>1/o2?o18t,xn()஺AஹᜧLBஹLCஹᨵKLDஹKLᫀ"D=lim—=0B᪆"”——2n2n+lf+Jin+1limᓰ=lim=4-aC—Xᦑn-8txnKL஺17.HᨵwxuឋkyzAx=0ABx=0,ᐸaA,Bᙳ/q▣ᨵ4⚪"জeAx=0ḄBᙳBx=0ḄB,ᑣ(A);ঝe(A)(B),ᑣAx=0ḄBᙳBx=0ḄB=ঞeAx=03Bx=0¡Bᑣভ£=টeভ£ᑣAx=03Bx=0¡B

9AஹজঝBஹজঞCஹঝটDஹঞটᫀ"BB᪆"#⚪¥¦§(ᵨ᣸◀)*+ᑖ᪆5জঝ¨⚪Ḅ§(©.ªᩖ¬ᐵ®ᢕ°ঞ3ট±²᣸◀Ḅ⌱⚗.eAx=O3Bx=O¡Bᑣn-(A)=n-(B),ᓽ8)=)⚪ঞᡂp᣸◀(A),(C)=5§¸ᩭe(A)=ᑣº»Ax=O3Bx=O¡B.᝞,4=1,B=,ᑣ(½)=(B)=l,5Ax=O3Bx=O¡B00J101À⚪টᡂp᣸◀(D),ᦑ⌱⚗/(B).18.Áu,ḄÂÃÄuky/஺஺Aஹy=2x/34-1Bஹy=x+3/2Cஹy=3x/2+1Dஹy=x+1/2ᫀ"B

10B᪆"HÇÂÃÄuky/y=ax+b,ᑣᨵ_3(1+X)2-X2yjx3=hrm---3----=3hm.——==—X-21yj\+x+4x2ᦑÂÃÄu/y=x+3/2o19⌕ÉE[Y-(aX+b)]2Êᑮᨬ,ᑣÌᦪa=0ob=0oA\a=Cov(X,Y)/D(X)b=E(Y)-[E(X)Cov(X,Y)/D(X)D(Y)]Bஹa=Cov(X,Y)/D(X)b=E(Y)-[E(X)Cov(X,Y)/D(X)]Cஹa=Cov(X,Y)b=E(Y)-[E(X)Cov(X,Y)/D(X)]Dஹa=Cov(X,Y)b=E(Y)-[E(X)Cov(X,Y)/D(X)D(Y)]ᫀ"BÍÎ᪆"E[Y-(aX+b)]2=E[Y2-2aXY-2bY+a2X2+2abX+b2]=E(Y2)-2aE(XY)-2bE(Y)+a2E(X2)+2abE(X)+b2ÏÐ^/f,ᑣᓟ/a,bḄÒᐗPᦪ᪷ÒᐗPᦪÔ᩽
Ḅk)ᑣ2fa'=-2E(XY)+2aE(X2)+2bE(X)=Ofbz=-2E(Y)+2aE(X)+2b=0Ba=[E(XY)-E(X)E(Y)]/D(X)=Cov(X,Y)/D(X)b=E(Y)-aE(X)=E(Y)-E(X)Cov(X,Y)/D(X)

1120.HA/n▤k▣|A|=0,ᑣᨵAஹAaÕ+ᐗÖᐰ/0BஹAḄØn+ᐸÙn-1+ḄuឋzᔠCஹAaᨵ¨ᑡÛÜᐗÖᡂ©(DஹAaÕᑡᐸÙn-1ᑡḄuឋzᔠᫀ"DB᪆"-IA|=0AḄஹ+ÝᑡÞuឋßᐵḄᐙᑖ⌕ᩩâãäå⚗4ᐙᑖᩩâã|⌕ᩩâ~ᨵDᐙᑖ⌕ᩩâᦑÜ⌱D.21.Pᦪ"Q,y=Mx+g+-g+tdt,ᐸaPᦪçᨵ£▤iᦪ,r>al—a%udldy~dx1AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀ"B

12ᐜᑖ@Ô»éஹêஹ—,ë©.ᫀᓽ.&*8y“dxdy"=•).=*x+y)-).dy*Àᨵᜐ=î,Ü⌱(B)&•A-B᪆"g(X)x=0—Pᦪf(x)Ag(x)ᙠx=0ᜐïð/(x)=Xᑣx=OA.Iinjg(x)=஺g(0)ñᙠXT஺B.limg(x)=Og(0)=0x—0c.ᕣg(x)=Og'(0)=1D.limg(x)=0g(0)=222.1AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀ"D

13ᵫìf(x)Ag(x)ᙠ*=ᑣïðᦑr)==/(0)=27x7xᑣlimg(x)=g(0)=0x—0ஹ'g(x)g(x)-g(°)¿yrliin------=liiii--------------=2=g(0)x-»0xrQ᪆:.õöÁuy=x3-3a2x+b3xøßᑗᑣb2¸úû/b2Þ஺A.2a2B.4a6C.3a323஺2a3AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDOᫀB᪷⚪Hᑗh/Ýx,0Þ,ᑣÇᑗhýþkyz0%=•$—+6=0ÿ%=3f-3/=0Q᪆ஹ஺2=32,b=x3a2-x2=2XQ3,ᦑb2=4x6=4a6஺24.<4GÀ▤@▣*=4iᑡLD89ḄG.2004AஹA=ABஹA=ECஹ|A|=1DஹA=0ᡈA=E

14ᫀA᪆(A)89m=A2004=A2A2002=A42002=A2003=…=A2=A.(B)789Ã᝞A=O.#⊤(C)789.(D)789Ã᝞,rlli2r11]A=[oOp4=|o0Å4ᦑ⌱(A).25.a,Bᑡᔣ!,"a_LB,#A=aB”,ᑣAḄ&ឋ(ᐵᱯ+ᔣ!,ᦪ().Aஹ1Bஹ2Cஹ3Dஹ4ᫀC᪆1a,023ᔣ4ᡠ6A=aBTR0,ᑣr(A)m1,71rfA)=r(agT)£r(a)=1,ᡠ6r(A)=1.#AX=AX,ffiA2X=apTa^XXX=0,1r(OE-A)=r(A)=1,ᡠ6AḄ&ឋ(ᐵḄᱯ+ᔣ!83,9⌱(Q.;<10V-1Ḅ=()஺01z—x-1-y1Aஹ2Bஹ-2Cஹ0Dஹ4ᫀD

15᪆:#102-7701,B=Xz-X/Zh-r?@A▣B,C᧕EFBGHAḄIJA▣Kᓽ8=4*,ᦑᵫAA*=IAIE,IA*I=IAInT=23T=4.27.21Oᦪg=ᵫPQcos(ig)+Ing-1=1RSKᑣlimp/(-)-1=()Aஹ2Bஹ1Cஹ-1Dஹ-2ᫀA᪆:22ᵫY/(0)=l,ᵫ6f(—)-1=lim2———=2Z0)n[\◚Oᦪ^_`ab+d')sin(e)+£-1=0,ᡠ6/'(0)=1,ᦑlimg/(-)-1V஻28.a1,a2,a3ᙳ3ᔣ!Kᑣ[jklᦪk,I,ᔣ!o+Å஺3,+1&3&ឋ(ᐵHᔣ!oa12,a3&ឋ(ᐵḄ()Aஹp⌕ᐙᑖᩩuBஹᐙᑖp⌕ᩩu

16Cஹᐙᑖp⌕ᩩuDஹvᐙᑖwp⌕ᩩuᫀA᪆ᐜyᐙᑖឋHᔲᡂ|}ᱯ~=(100)r«=(010/«=(000/,ᑣ[jkl;;;2.?;3;;ᦪ4J,ai+82+/(/3&ឋ(ᐵKai,a2.3&ឋᐵ(ᔣ!Ḅjᔣ!o&ឋᐵ)Kᦑᐙᑖឋᡂ|஺(10ஹ10yp⌕ឋHᔲᡂ|1(ai+hz3,a2+/a3)=(p6p)01,00"01ᡠ6ai,a2,a3&ឋ(ᐵK%+4É,%+Ḅ2,ᦑai+hz3,a2+/a3&ឋ(ᐵKp⌕ឋᡂ|஺ᫀH(A)29.(2005)☢Dᵫx=0,y=0,H+=+_y=1ᡠᡂ஺LtA-jjcln(x-|->33dxdy,I=/(□+')3cLzdy/=J[sin(z+y)drdy,ᑣL/A2DDDḄᐵ9HAஹ1123Bஹ1132Cஹ1321Dஹ1312ᫀB᪆?@PKb☢DḄK᝞Dᙠ&x+y=1Ḅ¡

17@,ᙠÕÖz+y=4×@ØᵫÕÖ7=0,3=0Ùᡂ஺*ᑖÛÜD×ḄÝÞßJ(1஺ᦑà(Eᓝâ)W0,ln(জ+))å40ᵫæh`ᦪçèOVzVë,5inxVH,FD×ḄÝÞßᓺ&z+y&l,#ᓽÞßᩩ0V(z+_y)V£஺ᦑ0Vsin(E+y)V*+y,0V[sin(x+y)33V(jr+y)3ᡠØð☢ÛÜ஺×ḄÝÞß[ln(z+y)åV[sin(K+y)T<(x+j)3ᵫõö*ᑖឋcjj[ln(x+y)]3dzdy

18᪆ᵫY¬☢Z®ᳫ°(1,0,-1)Ḅᳫ☢KSᳫḄ⊤☢´Kᑣ="ú=ûᕣ::djv=16K31.
ᦪQG)=1",ᑣQ'G):A.xe~zB.-xe~xC.2x3eJD.2H3AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀc᪆`´ᑖµ▲OᦪḄaᦪKᵫYµ▲x2,ᵨ¸ᔠOᦪ`aPº»¼஺u=/,ᑣ
ᦪQ=fᔊ-dz,”=X2Ḅᔠ
ᦪ஺JoQ(N)=(j)'•ᔛ="'I•2x=x2,e~1•2x=2jc3eT232.6y1=e“Ky2=e”xcosxᱯḄᨬÅ▤ᦪḄlᦪ&ឋÇÈPQ()஺Aஹy஻K-5y/z—9y'_5y=0Bஹy஻K®5y஻—5yK—5y=0Cஹy஻K®5y஻+9yK—5y=0Dஹy஻K5"+5y'—5y=0ᫀc

19ᵫ⚪kÐ

2035.Dᵫxôஹ᧽+/-2=0(-0)ö÷ø2ᡠᡂKf(x,y)H£¤OᦪKᓄb—Md,åÈ´ᑖH()஺CTúûLde]/pcos

21᪆X,Yᡠ"X+Y᝱ᑖ$ᳮ(B),(D)(),⌱).37.-.ᦪy=y(x)ᵫ45In(x”+y)=x-3y+sinx<ᑣ(dy/dx)|x=0=()oAஹIn1Bஹ0Cஹsin1Dஹ1ᫀDIn(x2+y)=x3y+sinxFG$H)ᳫJK(2x+y()/(x2+y)=᪆.3x2y+x3y+cosx,Mx=0flPy=LRᐭTUKy'(0)=1஺38.-Mz->0H(1—COST)ln(l+/)YZ[sinI"]▤Ḅ`abc[sinr”YZ(e5-1ᦪde().Aஹ1Bஹ2Cஹ3Dஹ4ᫀB᪆ghi`abᙳkᓄdmḄXḄnḄoU.MXT0H(1-COSX)111(1+M)~lx4,xsinx"6.Li/-l~x2,᪷q⚪stu2<஻+1<4,ᓽ1<஻<3,ᑣn=2,ᦑ⌱(B).

2289:ᑖ1+[<1)]2"=>:39.B.-1*ln|l+/2(x)|+cA.ln|l+y(x)|/+cC.arctan/(x)+cD.-^-arctan/(x)+cAஹABஹBCஹCDஹD@ᫀCB᪆DE:ᑭᵨHIᑖJKL᝞NJ1ᔁ:P=IὡRd/Cr),ᵫTU]dr=arctanr+c,ᓽW@ᫀ40.xᑡz{|ᑖ}~ᦣḄY0oXᓝAஹ"xVInr@ᫀA

23^—dx=|ln(l-xW(l-x)=|Il-x)ln(l-x)|:+=1,ᦈ~ᦣ᪆:᝞n▤᣸ᑡ4“Ḅ⌮ᦪYᑣ᣸ᑡ•Ḅ⌮ᦪY.AkBn-kD”(nT)41.AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀD

24᪆Z⚪ᨵ]^_.`abc᣸ᑡ0/2…J஻fg…Ḅj3Ḅᡂlmn5oᩭqmnḄᡂl⌮n.stqᡠᨵ᣸ᑡvᑡwx…gḄ⌮nᦪqz5ᡠ{5…|wḄ⌮nᦪq‘...ᦪu=xyf!(x+y)/xy],f(t)t.ᦪx2au/dx-y2au/3y=G(x,y)u,ᑣG(x,y)de()஺A.x+yB.x-yC.x2-f42.D.(x+y)2AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀ:B1=(x+y)/xy,ᦑᨵu=xyf(t),i]du/3x=yf(t)+xyfz(t)(-1/x2)=yf(t)-yf'(t)/x,du/dy=xf(t)+xyf(t)(-1/y2)=xf(t)-xf(t)/y>PJI]X23U/3X-y23u/9y=(x-y)᪆xyf(t)=(x-y)u,ᓽG(x>y)=x-y஺~<:ᑖ1=5ᑣKLNᑡv43.|/=1B.-1C./=1D.Z~<:ᑖᦣAஹABஹB

25cஹcDஹDᫀA᪆¡¢ᵨ¤ᑖ¥¦§᝞x:44¨uF©ª(5,3,2)ஹ'(1,-4,6),ᑣ«b$ᔣḄᓫ®ᔣ¯t⊤¢A.1—7,4}B,{W}D.{4,7±4)AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀB¡¢:ᑭᵨ³Uᓲ=]¦§஺᪆91X—f!=45..ᦪsm7TXḄtµ¶©iᦪOAஹ1Bஹ2Cஹ3Dஹ`a·iᫀC

26᪆x-x3ᵫef(x)==^,ᑣMX¸¹º᦮ᦪH,f(x)ᙳ`s{.Sin7TXᦑ/'(x)Ḅµ¶©ᨵ`a·i¼tµ¶©᩽▲¿ᙠḄ©,ᦑÁYx-1=0Ḅxn=0,±1.112X-X3l-3x21hm-------=lim---------=sin7rx^cos^xn'x-x3l-3x22lim—lim-nsin7TXXT1^COS^Xn'~3..l-3x22..X-Xlim-------=lim---------=x+isin/rxx~TCOS4Xnᦑtµ¶©3i,ᓽ0,±L46.-n▤(n23)ÂᑡU|A|=a,g|A|ÃᑡÄᐸÆḄᔜᑡKᑮḄÂᑡUA.a(n-2)2**'B.a(2-n)2nc.a(n-2)2"|B|,ᑣ|B|=()oD5a(2-n)2'':AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀD

27.♦0-É=“஺2…Onᐸ}5i=L2,…nÍᔣÎÏ$1-1-1…f=a(2-n)2-1B᪆:

28-00A.0.1248o1-i.24.,111A———024c33B.4801-1I24j(I1cஹ——o24133C.248LJL448fl1,12473D.288200£1_1Ð023ᑣA-1=()o448.47.042AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀA

29038448.ᐹᨵᱯ±Ð/Ðஹ=2MÐÓÐ3/Ḅ3▤ÔÕᦪÖ×Øឋᑖ45Y()஺Av}'-J-+}=°Bஹ<+<-y*-y=OCஹy"-6/+lly7-6y=0Dஹyw-2f-y,+2-=0)ᫀ:B᪆:ᑭᵨ¨uᱯtÚJÛ)ÁḄᱯÜ᪷cÚJÛᱯÜ45ÝcÚJÛ)ÁḄᑖ45.ᵫᱯu)ÁᱯÜ45Ḅ᪷X1=X2=-1,X3=1.eYᱯÜ45(X+1)2(X-1)=X3+X2-X-1=0.ᦑᡠÞØឋᑖ45ß"+y"-ày=0.[-2-3'A.12.-2-rB.32.*21'C-3-2-2[211D-A=,1'JA1=()L-14Q

30AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀc᪆:110117201f3J<-2010——22no21rio21,213=(EA*).ᡠ{A1=1f[o1-3-2-3-2750.xᑡ.ᦪ}ᙠ8+8ᑁt"âãiäåæ¯XḄᑖ.ᦪḄYA.F(x)=1/(1+x2)B.F(x)=(arctanx)/n+1/2[1(1--x)x>0eC.F(x)=h'f[0X40D.ç=J/(/)èᐸ}=]AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀB

31limF(x)=lim----=0=1᪆)eA⌱⚗'x[1[ᦑAt"ê)limF(x)=lim—=eC⌱⚗‘>2ᦑCt"ê)eD⌱⚗ìíîf(t)ïðᦑ(t"஺ñTÁ⌱B஺"£2N=E(sin'+cosòdxp=I.IA*2sinx-cos4-Y>ᑣᨵ()஺AஹN0P=I(cos5)dr<0?᪆üᨵPVMVN஺52.aU133a“ai3a”+஺?-4=a21a2zaஹ,B=3a2i஽23a2i+a221A1=஻ᑣ165=()“3103I3a3ia33a3iAஹnBஹ-27nCx3nDஹ-3n

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ᑣᙠ(a,b)ᑁf(x)().AஹᨵᨬᜧᨬBஹᨬᜧᨬᨵCஹᨵᨬᜧ!ᨬDஹᨬᜧᨬᨵ#$ᨵ%ᫀ'D(᪆'ᵫ+f(x)ᙠ,-.(a,b)ᑁ/
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33—34(᪆'QR:T|A-AE|=O,ᓽ-=0,(VW=_24=7.55.XYZf(0)=1,f(2)=3,\(2)=5,ᑣ]"o஺Aஹ0Bஹ1Cஹ2Dஹ-2%ᫀ'C=«¬[r(="'(®-"(஻¯/'বᓝ(ᘂ²x2)-)(2³(0)=]*=2(᪆'24424456.b+cdefgA!B,P(A-B)=()A.P(A)-P(B)B.P(A)oP(B)+P(AB)AஹPBஹ-P(ACஹDஹP(A)+P(&-p(AB)%ᫀ'cP(A)=P[A(BUB)]=P(AB)+P(AB)=P(A-B)+(᪆'P(AB)
ᦑP(A-B)=P(A)-P(AB)஺

345751o▤⌮C▣
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35A11B௃௃1101c1010101D1001158.ᑡn▤tᑡ
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36´⌱⚗vḄᑡUᑖ·q111111■*.6=(-1)-,***=1+(-1¸511111101110102**1=(-1)"=1•=-1.001101(᪆'59.X¦§¨/=5x+5ª+kx^-2஽¬+66Ḅ®y25ᑣ¯=°=()Aஹ1Bஹ2Cஹ3Dஹ4%ᫀ'C60.A”▤º▣.P”▤¼⌮º▣Waº▣AḄÄ>ᱯÁ©AḄᱯÁᔣÅ,ÆÇᙠNᑡº▣v(DA஺(2)P'AP(3)AT»(4)E-JA.a¾9ᐸᱯÁᔣ¡Ḅº▣ᐳᨵ()Aஹ1Bஹ2Cஹ3Dஹ4

37%ᫀ'B(᪆'ᵫAa=Aa(aX0),ᨵAa=A(Aa)=AAa=A:a(a#0.)ᓽaÉA?Ä>ᱯÁ©ᔆḄᱯÁᔣË஺(1)ᡂÌ.s(E——A)a=a—^-Aa=(1—^-A)a(aX0)Íaɺ▣E-JAÄ>ᱯÁ©1J•4ḄᱯÁᔣÎ஺(4)ᡂÌ.tq(/»'AP)(P'a)=PAa=AP'a.ᢥ9<.º▣PAPḄᱯÁᔣᙬPa.ᵫ>PlÑa89ᐳÒ•tZ8ÓÔ9aᔲqP'APḄᱯÁᔣË,ᓽÖ׺▣ḄᱯÁᔣfit8᪵Ḅ.(2)8ᡂÌ஺ÒឋÙÚÛaE-A)x=0Ñ஺E-AT)*=089ÜB•ᡠ{a89Ý..ÙÚÛḄB,ᓽa89ḄᱯÁᔣᙬ.(3)8ᡂÌ.ᵫ᣸◀J.ß⌱B.A0B1.|0.|xic1(161.±f(x)=h
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38(᪆:,1,I/(X)|<15ூ(௃f[f(X)]=50*/(])l>L;yIf(x)I<1,ᡠ7f[f(x)]=1,+1f{[f(x)]}=1,YZᔣ¶·஺1=(1,2,-1,1),02=(2,0,t,0),03=(0,-4,5,-2)Ḅ®y2,zᾢ=()஺62Av1Bஹ-1Cஹ3Dஹ3%ᫀ'C7Cl5஺2,஺3yt᪀ᡂC»
bᐸ½t¾¢t¿ᣚV(12-11)112-11)2010τ-►0-4r+2-21I0T5-2J1003Tol(᪆';ÁC▰Ḅ®y2,ᦑ3-t=0,ᓽt=3஺±/=I-"dr5ᐸQx2+y2+z2

39Aஹ4Bஹ8Cஹ-8Dஹ-4%ᫀ'c(᪆';BᵫᔣÑa,YÒឋ⊤R
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40(᪆:ூ(᪆௃ᔊï¤ðಟò
A.
B!
Cóôb¤;L/i(x)+/(x)]dx=2.2J-O®যá_Gzஹ=Xfl,—1ᐸV*VÅO5fã(=ä110(x)F(x)J=1.^••82(4)F(x)F(x)a^.t2☢yüý2èæÈyFMX)!F2(X),SX!fi]XtgSfeS,T?t^EX=max(X],X2)ḄᑖþSMh(x)F2,2ÿ^SiS(D).66.▣ABᑣᨵAஹAḄᔣBḄᔣBஹAḄᔣBḄᔣCஹAx-0Bx-0DஹAx=0Bx=0ḄẠ!ᔣ"ᦪ$%ᫀ'D#Wë8ìe/í.î”q*ïð.KᵫA
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41Dஹ>?%ᫀ:-------0?஺FSx=1ᜐSg=J.="/(”)O/,limAg=0,(x)ᦑ=1ᜐ>?஺g᪆:X',X'EᩭQRSTUXḄV"WX2Ḅ᪵Zᑣᙠ[ᑡEXḄ3^_ឋab!,ᨬᨵᦔḄabEo1ÿ+D\■%ᫀ'D᪆'ᙠᡠᨵ_ឋ3^ab!jklᨬmXᨬᨵᦔᦑDᐭ⌱஺69.[ᑡqᦪ!BjrX>?stuvḄᑖxqᦪḄE'A.—B.F(.r)AஹABஹB

42cஹcDஹD%ᫀ'B᪆'z{'ᑖxqᦪ|}XQ(x)ឋ'(1)OWQ(x)W1,Q(-oo)=0,Q(+8)=1(2)Q(x)E7qᦪ(3)Q(x)E>?Ḅ஺জ(+8)=-8F(X)ᑖxqᦪḄឋ(1)ஹ(2)'(3)G(-8)=+8,x20H(x)>10sinxA.-Q-2oy=xe*2V2V.Cy=--sinxDy=2cos+sin70.[ᑡqᦪḄXᐵḄE()AஹABஹBCஹCDஹD%ᫀ'A᪆'᪷᜻qᦪḄᐵᡠj⌱⚗!Ḅqᦪ¢X᜻qᦪ,£E¤¥%ᫀ71.¦_y=1/x§_y=xHx=2ᡠ¨©Ḅ☢«XA,ᑣb¬AḄ«ᑖ⊤®¯X().xAஹJ஺J௃

431(%-4%ᫀ'Bᩩy=J_ஹy=*ᑐ=2ᡠᡂḄ᝞-*X-7ᡠᦑᡠ☢4=ᓝ)'⌱(B).᪆:¢ᔣ±Xᔣ±a={2,-1,2²_³k´஺
X=-18,µj=72Aஹ{4,-2,41Bஹ(4,2,41G{-4,2,4)Dஹ{—4,2,—4)%ᫀ'Dᵫᔣ±ṹᔣ±·_ᑣ¸X=Ao={2A
-A>2A}஺ᦑbX=2A
2+(-A)1(-1)+2A-2=-18,¹A=-2,ᦑX={-4,2,-4}஺᪆'

4473.qᦪf(u)B¼y=f(x”)½Qvxᙠx=-1ᜐ¾¹¿4x=V0.1$ÁḄqᦪḄ¿AyḄ_ឋÂÃX0.1,ᑣf'(1)=()஺Aஹ-1Bஹ0.1Cஹ1Dஹ0.5%ᫀ'Dᵫdy=fx2dx2=2xf>x2dx,µᱥ1=-#1-0.1>ᓽ᪆'É■32-rÊËa=1•—2.3
1E▣A=a-22ḄᱯÍᔣ,ᑣ74.3"-1.A\a=-2,b—6B\a—2.b——6C\3—2,b=6D\aÑV2,b=-6%ᫀ'A

4575.34ᑡ¯:::''u'⊤{ᑡ¯ᐗÓÔ:ḄÕᦪÖׯᑣØ3+4A33+X3஺1-1IS2Aஹ-2Bஹ2Cஹ-1Dஹ1%ᫀ'Adm+4<&+^43=211411400254-21000—541——541=111541112112-1112᪆'76.ÙÑÚs▣A¤ÛḄᐙᑖ⌕ᩩßE஺A.ÑÚsḄ᪗á©Ḅn"ᦪᐰX¤Aஹ|A|>0Bஹ▣AḄᱯÍãX2CஹrDஹ=n%ᫀ'A᪆'!"#$%▣A'(ಕ"#$f=xrAx'(="#$f=x'Ax'*ឋᢣᦪ./“U?"#$/"xrAxḄ᪗5Ḅ"78ᦪᐰ•;'.ᡠ=A⌱⚗'?஺⌱⚗A!"#$%▣A'(ḄB⌕ᩩD.

4677.¢(X,Y)äåÑæ¤᝱ᑖx,ᑣজX,YVÛ$èéêঝ¢PXYR,ᑣX,YVÛ$èéêঞXìYíäåVæ¤᝱ᑖxটX,YḄRV_ឋîᔠäåVæ¤᝱ᑖx.Dðñòóô!¤¥ḄE().AஹজঝঞBஹঝঞটCஹজঞটDஹজঝট%ᫀ'B᪆'÷X(X,Y)äåÑæ¤᝱ᑖxᡠjX,YíäåVæ¤᝱ᑖxaX+bYäåVæ¤᝱ᑖx³X,Yéê=$ᐵᡠj⌱(B)A.limx,=xᯠT«B.᝞21=úᙠC.limx=1It-78.0VxnV1,n=1,2,…³ᨵxn+1=—xrT2+2xn,ᑣ஺஺D'!ý'"~AஹABஹBCஹCDஹD%ᫀ'cτᐜ
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4779.஻(᜛()ᙠ(—oo,+8)ᨵ+,஻)-./0ᦪ2஻)r0,8()ᨵ345ᑣAH/7)%ᨵ345.B3(ᑗ2;ᨵ345.C%ᨵ345.D<;W345.AஹABஹBCஹCDஹD>ᫀD.-f(x)./2@-A,ᡠCᙠp(x)Ḅ345EFᐸ⚞Hᑁ/(X)TA,J~J.ᡠC.”&;ᨵ345.NA,0(X)Ḅ345X஺@O+ᙠ/(X)Ḅ/(X)A/(x)2.x>0HQᑁ஺RNB,C0(x)=S-T0(x)ᨵ345UVஹ)WXᨵ஺RNaC-2,x£0BYḄp(x)-T᝞[/(2)=/(-2),ᑣ/U])^_345஺#᪆110-A=10180.`▤b▣A:I஺11dᑣAḄᱯfgAஹ1,0,1Bஹ1,1,2Cx-1,1,2

48Dv1,-1,1>ᫀc#᪆hi:kl1mnᱯfkoḄ᪷|AE—q=0,r.0A(A—1)—1—(A-l)(ᐭߟ1)ᔆ2ᢥsᑡ—1A—1pq0—1A-1ACA-D-1(-D(-l)3—1sᐭ.kl2ᵨvklwxy.ᑭᵨ”▤b▣AḄᱯfEb▣AḄ{ᑡ}~3Ḅᐵb▣AḄᱯf-1ᐭ2…,r”஺জ21,22■…ᐭIAIঝ+ᐭ2+…+r஺"+a22H-----F110110j,mn|4|=101(o-10=—2O011011⌱⚗BஹD@-++ᐭ3#a“+஺22ᓝ஺33(an+a+a=2)2iMo⌱⚗AஹCA]4~ᐭ2+43=஺11+஺22+஺33=2oA@r1•ᐔ•|4|(|A|=—2),Cᩈ•Az,A=—2=|A|.3ᦑ⌱⚗Cᡂ஺

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50222n2dµ¶'zOᑣ·¸¹º%»¼஺A.nR2/2B.2nR2C.2nR3D.oZ.AஹABஹBCஹCDஹD>ᫀB2222ᵫµ¶·•''J'-zRnÂõ¶ḄÄOÅko⊤Ç}-J=J'2y2+z2=R2஺ᦑj_^2y-+Zd5=|”x/^ds=R[ds஺-LgCR-ÈÉḄHIᕜᑣfJ2v2+z:ds=2nR:஺#᪆“'83.____20ᦪ/»¼-2-Ji7ᵨ»0<=x<=2¼ḄH-E,9»¼=4+Ù+1ḄH-5,ᑣᨵ»¼AECFBEDFCE=FDEClF=0AஹABஹBCஹC

51DஹD>ᫀD#᪆Ü⚪sÞß0ᦪḄHᓽàásâã.ᵫ/(x)Y0«ஹ42á£=[2(1-ä),0].ᵫg(x)=-y_J^=^^y>0àÂ/=(0,+oc).åᯠEnF=0,ᦑ⌱(D).xiç஻)(஻>1),é=384.êëì£XᑣAஹYix2(n).BஹYix”(nT).CஹYiF(n,1).DஹY-F(1,n).>ᫀC#᪆#íîï⚪ᐵðᙠNñòóX2ᑖõtᑖõöFᑖõḄêëì£ᐺøù}¯Xit(n),úàc_1_=é2,/"þYKi72(]1~N(0,1),é2~û2ü2YiEY2ýᡠCY=x2y?/i'τxvé~Y1).>ᦻ⌱(C).
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52Dஹ04ᫀ6C—>—♦—>——>ᵫ1஺1
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534ᫀ6Bᵫ\]Lx2+y2=R2=P\]ᐵ1`habcᦪ”\᜻cᦪᦑ1_”f=0஺ᦑJLg2+/+஻)ds=/Lh2+«)ds=M2ds=R22nR=2nR3o!᪆6limZW=lim=3-3X-188.iPJ஺1ᑣk°v*0oAஹ10ln3Bஹ10ln2Cஹ5ln2Dஹ5ln34ᫀ6A<ᕣ(3,-1)=0,n:limln|1+"''1=00—xIsin2*)ᵫ[1஻x)1/(X)/(x)ᵫ௃01--6—ஹ-6~-ᦑlim--------=00sinJx«$in2x7sin2x..7(x)3X-]=eXn3-1~xln3,Xrsin'tf(x)rKm1-lim——=5ixln3xT2rin3..f(x)lim——=101n3°!᪆:i.rAIN(1+X2)-X2B/]+[+C0SX-2CJln(1ᓝJ)DT89.uxT0+v,JᑡwxyM▤ᦪᨬ{Ḅ().AஹABஹB

54cஹc4ᫀ6C!᪆:2--x4+O(x4)-2~--4,ln(l4-r)d/_2.rln(lᵫlimJ°1kw—>Xx_*0v,3—+O(x4)-1-X2~£_.ᑣ'In(1+t2)dty22Jo⌱(C).90.ᑖy஻-y=e^x+1Ḅkᱯ!ᐹᨵ()஺Avae'x+bBஹaxe'x+bC\ae'x+bxDஹaxe'x+bx4ᫀ6B!᪆:ᑖaḄḄᱯᔆ2—1=0,!Xr=±1,ᦑy஻ky=e3Ḅkᱯ!axe%,Ay஻-y=1Ḅkᱯ!b஺ᵫᳮ=PḄkᱯ!axe'x+bo91.
cᦪᓟ(x)ᜐᜐ=ᨵ&(0)=1,£a¤¥x,yឤᨵᓟ(x+y)(1-X)y=exf(y)+eyf(x),ᑣᓟ(x)=()D,'1+x'oAஹA

55BஹBCஹCDஹD4ᫀ6Bᵫf(x+y)=Mf(y)+eVf(x)=X6ux=0,y=CB©ᨵf(0)=2f(0),ᓽf(0)=0஺;,,x+eV(/»)+e7(x)-/(x)rf(x)=lini--------------------=hni------------------------------hJOh%.஺h-■h-foe^fx=eIV(x)ᓽª(x)-f(x)=3஺!Xf(x)=y=(x+c)y஺«f(0)=oj¬ᐭXC!᪆:=0,ᦑf(x)=xexoᝤ””=2ᑣaஹbḄᑖ;:A\a=-3,b—0B\3-0b---29C\a——1,b--0Dஹ:®a4ᫀ6D!᪆6¯6ᑭᵨ°u6xT8vᨵᳮᑖcᦪᨵ᩽▲-2,ᡠ:ᑖ³Ḅᦪ´ᓽ6x4Ḅµᦪ¶ᓽ1+a=0,a=-1,x3Ḅµᦪb-2vᑖḄ᩽▲-2,·¸aஹbWa=T,b=-2o93.
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80*᪆(ᙠ,ᓄ!"!"ᑺᜫᵯ0ᓄᔠ2ᓣ4CrzSOk3ḄCrᵫ+32ᓣᑮ+62,!"ᑺ஺150.ᓣ49:;<=>ᜧ@᳛Ḅ"B$஺AஹᑖDE⚣᳛<=ᓣ4BஹḄGᓄHIJCஹHKB>ᜧDஹLᔾN&ᫀ(C*᪆(9:ᓣ4OᑖḄHK>ᜧPQ᧕஺GᓄᑖḄSᑖT>UᑭWXY஺151.Zᑡᑖ☠]^ᑖ_`ᙠabᵨḄ஺AஹC02dBCI3BஹBF3dSiF4GCH4dCHCI3DஹHCIdH2s&ᫀ(D*᪆(abeᢣᵫWabᏔ᩽ijkḄᑖ_ᵨ஺A⚗ḄC02,B⚗ḄSiF4,C⚗ḄCH4mn᩽ឋᑖᑖ_p`ᙠabᵨ஺D⚗HCIdH2Sm᩽ឋᑖᑖ_`ᙠabᵨ஺152.Zᑡᱥr`ᙠstḄ$஺AஹHCIBஹH3P04

81GCH3FDஹC2H6&ᫀ(B*᪆(u⏚ᑖ`ᙠᑖᑁdᑖ_stBiu⏚xyz:{ᜧ஺153.ᙠ0F2ᑖ,"ᡂtḄᩖᓄ~⍝Zᑡᩖᓄ~⍝?Avsp3ᩖᓄBஹspᩖᓄCஹsp2ᩖᓄDஹsp3pឋᩖᓄ&ᫀ(D*᪆((ὃ᝞ᑨ"Ḅᩖᓄ஺..298KBMnO.(s)—>MnO(s)+:o((g)Ḅ஽%/(D=134.8kTmoᔆ1,2Mn(s)+O2(g)-2MnO(s)ḄAr/஺ফ=~154250.4kJmol_1,ᑣAf஻e(MnO2,s)()஺A.-385.2kJmor1B.385.2kJmol-1C.-520.0kJ-mor1D.520.0kJ-moF1AஹABஹBCஹCDஹD&ᫀ(c

82¾ឋ¿ᔠঝ-2xজ;ÃMn+O2=MnO2஺᪷ÅHessÇÈ;ÃAf-eMnC>2,s$=-250.4-2x134.8$kJmoFx=-520.0k3-moF1ᵫWᓫrḄ᪗Ë᥅ÍkᡂÎ0,ᦑLḄ᮴ᓽWMnO2Ḅ᪗*᪆(Ë᥅Íkᡂា஺155.ÓÔ9:Õ27࠷ᓣᑮ37࠷,@᳛Øᦪ>UÙÚÛEa஺ÞLrḄAH=20kJ•mol—1,LḄ⌮Ḅa$஺Aஹ33.6kJ,mol—1Bஹ43.7kJ-mo1-1G36.9kJ-mo1-1Dஹ39.3kJ-mo1-1&ᫀ(A*᪆(p9:ZkTḄᐵã(
n2-8.314*'3O6-HoE=5.36X104J-moL=53.6kJ-mol-1tE.ß—E”àE"á—Ex®—2=S3.6—20=33.6kJ•mot-1156.ᙠGCᑖ᪆ᑖäAஹBå¿ᑖÞᑖäpæᐰᑣ;èᵨZᑡéê,ë4ᑖä:OoAஹᦋíîïð@Bஹñòóᧇ⚩ö:Cஹᦋí÷9Dஹᦋíîï&ᫀ(C

83*᪆(ñòóᧇ⚩ö:;4÷ᦔᦋí÷9;ᦋíᑖäᦔHᦋíîïdð@ᙳ;ᙠÙÇú:û4÷ᦔ஺üT{iýᦋí÷9þ4ᑖä:ᦔÿᨬ
஺157.ᨵ6ᦪজn=3,1=1,m=-1ঝn=3,l=0,n=0ঞn=2,I=2,m=7টn=2,1=1,m=0ঠn=2,l=0,m=Tডn=2,I=3,m=2ᐸ#$%Ḅ'()஺AஹজঞঠBஹজঝটCஹঝটডDஹজঝঞ/ᫀB158.2ᑡ4#56ᨬᜧḄ'()஺AஹNaBஹAlCஹClDஹK/ᫀD;᪆=ᕜ?ᐗAB456CDᔣF⌲HIJBᡠLNaḄ456MAINCIᜧOP=QᐗABᙠᐗAᕜ?⊤#CTU2456⌲HVᜧBᡠLKḄ456ᜧWNaḄ456BᡠLKḄ56ᨬᜧ஺XY=ᕜ?ZY=QBᑣ\⌕ὃ⇋ᵯaᦪBbcᵯaᦪdὅ456ᜧ஺159.ghi⏚kl⏚lmḄnoḄpᔠᱥ#s(H)Ḅuᑖᦪw7%,ᐸ#y(C)Ḅuᑖᦪ'()஺

84Aஹ42.0%Bஹ44.0%Cஹ48.6%Dஹ91.9%/ᫀ:A160.|Lᵨ~GCḄ'஺Aஹ0BஹCI2CஹN2Dஹ/ᫀc;᪆⁐ᵨḄ'N2ஹArஹH2ஹHeo161.b⚗ᐹᨵᢈḄᓄ⚗-“¢£ᔠᡂk⌱¦§ᓄDS-3J©ᡝ«ᙥBw®¯°±²³´µ஺¶Zk·⚗¸ᝅḄ®º»¼½¾¿ÀÁb¶©ᡝ«ᙥÂᢈÃBᐵW·~wbÅ⏣ÇÈÉ´Êᑺ⊤Ì┯ÎḄ'AஹkɱÏÐᔠ|ÑᡂÈᧇBஹkɱÏÐᔠÓᵨ|LÔÕÖ×᣸ÙÚ¶ÛᦋᗐÈÞឋCஹ'ஹᓄḄ¼⌕#àDஹáᵨWѱâ“ã⁐”åæḄ/ᫀB

85162.CᑡEᵯGHIজKঝḄ᪗NᵯOPᑖRS☜KU:জᵴW+yCl=HC1,2ঝ2HC]=X+஺2,ᑣE?KᡂḄᐵ[\]0AஹE?=2âBஹç-ὮcஹE?=-2E?Dஹã"ä/ᫀB163.2ᑡé#Bᙠ⏚ឋno#ÛêᓄḄ'஺AஹC/+BஹCr3"+GMn3ëᓝDஹMnO4”b/ᫀB;᪆ᵫᐗAᵯîï|hC/+ஹMn”+ஹMnO4”bᙠ⏚ឋᩩñ2ò¯ÑêᓄóôBõᨵCrᓃ+øùBÛ¯Ñêᓄóô஺164.ghóôB-A,B-CḄúûóôüᑖýwþ!!]»,A-CḄḄᐵ஺AAZ/^A/Z.+A//,BA/MA//T^CAHᓲAHr&HஹD

86AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀc165.HCI,HBr,HI$%ᱥ'Ḅ()*+ᓣ-Ḅ.⌕01()0Aஹ6789:Bஹ;ᔣ8=ᜧCஹ?@8=ᜧDஹ⁐ᦣ8=ᜧᫀDC᪆ᙠHCI,HBr,HI$%ᱥ'FG⁐ᦣ8ᑖI.⌕ḄJᵨ8஺LM᝱ᱥ'GᑖI8OᜧGPᓄRSOᜧG()SO-஺0HA-6166.TᑡᓄᔠᱥWឋᨬZḄ()oAஹABஹB

87cஹcDஹDᫀAC᪆\ḄWឋ\]^_`ḄaLᵯIᨵᐵG`0I_ḄᵯIdefOᜧGWឋOZ஺g^ஹh0IijᔾᵯI^Gl`0I_ᵯIdefmn஺167.Tᑡopqrstu2Fe,4+Cu===2Fe2*+Cu2*Cu2*+Fe=Fe2*+Cuᵫwxa.y3.:2.ஹb.)2./CUஹC.z2./FeḄ{ᦪ}ᜧ:~j஺Ac>b>avBஹb>a>cCஹa>c>bDஹa>b>cᫀDC᪆opqrstu,ᑣ>ᑺ஺A.bB.C.OHaD.168.TᑡᓄᔠᱥᙠFeᓄTᓄopឋᨬᜧḄ஺AஹABஹBCஹCDஹD

88ᫀAC᪆:_Ḅhᓄopᵯ;{opG_ḄᵯI^ᵯIq8OZGopឋOZ஺A⚗ᵯIᐳᦔpᨬZ஺D⚗G0IḄᔾᵯI?@ᦔpZᵯIᐳ⊈ᦔpG⊤jᔾᵯIJᵨ஺1whᓄopḄឋA>B>C>DO169.TᑡᑖIFᏔ᩽¡¢£¤Ḅ()஺AஹBeClBஹBChCஹcoDஹ¨ᫀDC᪆BeClsCO;j«¬ᑖIGBClj®☢$°±ᑖIGḄ²³ᵯ₹µ¶µᔠGᏔ᩽¡£¤Ḅ·᪀j$°┵±G²³ᵯ₹µ¶¢µᔠGᡠ»Ꮤ᩽¡¢£¤.170.ᵫTᑡᦪ½G¾¿ÀÁḄ²Â()£()஺ᱥæHg(1)Hg(g)zçᵨ/(kJ-moPb)0[6132”70é)76.02174.8Aஹ298KBஹ351KCஹ273KDஹ621KᫀD

89C᪆ᙠ²Â()GopHgপ=Hg(g)Ḅ¶ÊËW᪷½ᔡÏÐ-ÒÓÒᐻÕyÖ×¾ØÙÚfj621KOAHCO,BHFFJISO.CHCO,ஹC(KஹHS171.᪷½“⏚W'IᳮÞ”iàឋᵯC'Ḅ()஺áO,K0<1BஹArG>0,/C°>lCஹ<0,^=1DஹAú<0,ᑁ<1ᫀA

90173.ü18gýþᐭ298KḄ
ᯠᓄᑣḄᐵ஺஺A.0<0,ᦋ<0B.0;C.AG?>0,AS?>0D.>Q,^Sg<0AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀB᪆ᓄᵫ᝱ᔣ!᝱"#$%&ᜧᓄ(ᔡ*+ᵫ,-.஺174.ᵨᩭ᪗3NaOH4!Ḅ56ᱥ8ᨬ:⌱ᵨ<=஺Aஹ>?@ᵬ⏚CDBஹH2C204•2H20CஹFṺDஹAs203ᫀA᪆᪗3NaOH4!HᵨḄ56ᱥ8₝⏚J>?@ᵬ⏚CD஺ᨬHᵨḄ>?@ᵬ⏚CDKLMḄᑖOPᜧQRS3஺56ᱥ8TUᐹᜓḄᩩYᱥ8
Z⌕\]^_ᑖO8P`ᜧ]ឋ8S3᝞c᧕ᑖஹceᓄஹcfஹcghiḄC02ஹ02jkl஺

91175.HRᙠnoCᓄᱥᕈqkHḄᱥᳮឋ8᝞ᰚtஹutvw⌕ᵫxy0ᑖOz{ᙠ()஺Aஹ~ᔣBஹCஹ⁐ᦣDஹC(ᫀ:D᪆ᑖOzᡂCᑖOz`ḄᔠKQᓄᔠᱥḄᰚtJutᓣ\஺ᦑ⌱D஺176.iklᙠᘤᓄ⊝᝞Zc#.¡¢ᑣ⊝HᦪL¤ᩭḄ¥¦§Av3¨Bx1/2Cஹ2¨Dஹc#ᫀD᪆©ª⊝HᦪZḄ«ᦪ஺177.ᛛᧇ¡®¯°ᩞᧇMᐹᨵ³¥´tὊᵨஹ8¶ஹ᧕·¸ஹc᧕ῖ⇨jKQ»ᑮ½¾Ḅlᵨ஺ᛛᧇḄ⚗´tÀÁÂÃḄÄ⚪ᡠᙠv⚗´t()oAஹὊᵨBஹ8¶

92Cஹ᧕·¸Dஹc᧕Éῖ⇨ᫀDHJfC(CH»3C(CH,)jCH5178.k7-ᵬ5-4-ÏÐ5ÑÒÓḄ᪀ÕᨬS3Ḅ()஺AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀ:A᪆ÑÒÓ{ᙠØÙw⌕᪀Õ᫹°J°஺_x~ÜÑÒÓ~Ü5^n~Ü5ÝxeḄ᪀ÕS3ÝxaḄ᪀ÕcS3ᑣ~Ü5ᙳÝxeáS3஺ᦑÀâᫀLA஺Ni?♦ê⁐Co3*ì⁐Ti”íî⁐DMn2+ê⁐179.äᑡ᪗æᔠçOḄè⁐ᐸÀâḄ()o

93AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀ:A᪆zCo?♦ïî⁐,Ti“í⁐.Mn"ðî⁐180.KÑ᛻ÂÃQ⌼ᡂḄîïð℉òḄóðôõLᵫ()ÂÃö÷Ḅ,Qùúðᵫ()ÂÃö÷Ḅ஺Av╍(Cd)k╍(Cd)Bஹü(Hg)kü(Hg)Gü(Hg)k╍(Cd)Dஹ╍(Cd)kü(Hg)ᫀC᪆üÂÃýö÷óð╍ÂÃýö÷ùúð஺181.᪷ÿ
Sn2++2Fe3+TSn4++2Fe2+᪀ᡂḄᵯE®=0.616V,ò”óô77OV,õ!)⇋ô/sô;zAஹ1.386VBஹ0.154VCஹ-0.154VDஹ-1.386VᫀB

94᪆
ᡂᵯ
ᱥᓄᑺ᩽!ᑺ"᩽ᵯ#$%&᩽ᵯ᩽ᵯ$'"᩽ᵯ᩽ᵯ$஺182.ᵯᰚ.ḄMgCI2,4Pt7ᵯ᩽஺▢᩽9ᱥ:AஹMgBஹCI2Cஹ02DஹH2ᫀA᪆@ᰚ.ḄMgCI2AᨵMg2+DCI-F▢᩽
:!
஺183.ᐹᨵIJᦪLMNḄOஹPஹQRᐸTUVW:()oAஹQ[P[OBஹO[P[QCஹO[Q[PDஹP[O[Qᫀ:B᪆\]^_`IJᑖNbḄc]^dḄTUeᦑgᫀB஺184.ᙠHFஹHCKHBrஹHI,ᢥᰚஹTUᵫoᑮeVW᣸ᑡgḄ:A.HFஹHCLHBrஹHIAஹHIஹHBrஹHCKHFBஹHCIஹHBrஹHIஹHFCஹHDஹHLHBrஹHCI

95ᫀD᪆HFᨵᑖNtuvTUᨬᜧ஺ᐸyz{|ᨵᑖNtuvHCIஹHBrஹHIᑖNb⌲~ᜧ᩽ᓄ᳛⌲~ᜧᑖNt⌲~ᜧTU⌲~ᜧ஺67H1S=/r+HSḄ᪗5ø⊝úᦪ;K,9ᑣû2H-+2HS-=Ḅ᪗5ø⊝úᦪ./஺A.-2KB.K2C.-2185.0•ᑖAஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀC2Hs1-=2ü2AHS=H--HSḄ⌮ûK1᪆2஺186.ᑡឋ4ᓄᔠᱥᑁᙠNvḄ:Aஹ&BஹᐹᨵoḄᰚUCஹᵯDஹᰚ.᝱ᵯᫀD

96.A/Gz(.4gC7)=-109.8ᓃ,ᑗ஺ᑣ
2dge/(s)=2dg(s)+C/2(g)Ḅ¡᜛:
()஺A.109.85¤0ᔆB219.6kJ.pnioCTO9,8b.7஻0¦D.-219.6b•¤஺Io/.AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀBᵫA/GzḄ§¨.4g(s)+1/2a©g)=HgC7(s)ḄA.Gz=A,Gzª«2.4gC/(s)=245(5)+67](g)ḄA.Gz
᪆-2A/Gk'ª«ᫀ⌱B஺188.ᵨ®bNaOHᑖḄ¯ᔠN:O஺AஹPb”+,A-3+BஹFeஹ3+,Mn-2+GA3+,Ni"2+DஹCo"+,Ni"2+ᫀc᪆᝞ᵨNaOH±᪵«FeஹMnஹNi³ᡂuᓄᱥ´µ®¶·¸ᵨ⏚´µᑴᡂᑖ᪆±»¼ᜧbAIḄ½᡾஺ᔠᡂ¿
N2(g)+3H?(g)-2NH(g).ᙠ673ÀÁ3K®=5.7X10Fᙠ473K.K*=0.61஺ᑣ573KBÁÂÃ189.<)°

97Aஹ1X10"-1Bஹ1X10-2Cஹ1X10-3Dஹ1X1CT—4ᫀBᵫ,Ktçÿ11\L
=ᕡrwnTtT?iÄoc-ixz673X473,5.7X10-4CJR=R———InT^=8.314X10SX-ߟ———Tt-TjKY673—4730.61=—92.31(kJ,mol-1)ᵫK?_-92.31/I1\0.618.314X10-3M73573/K?=0.010᪆190.ᑡÅÆ@gḄ:()oAஹÇÈᳮÊËᙠ
ᱥḄÇÈAᨵ᩽ÌᦪÇÈÍ:ᨵᦔḄBஹÇÈᳮÊËᑖNÇÈ:ᔲᨵᦔᵫÇÈᑖNḄbÐCஹ®Ñ᝱ᳮÊË
ᱥᑖNÒᓄᡂÓᡂᱥᑖNḄ®Ô⌕Ö®{t®Ñ᝱Dஹ®Ñ᝱ᳮÊË×ᓄØᔠᱥÙ
ᱥᑖNÚtḄ$Û
×ᓄᫀB᪆ᑖN:ᔲᨵᦔÇÈ!ᨵÜᔣªÞ஺191.ᑡᔜàᐗÞḄâᵯᜧãäW᣸ᑡ┯æḄ:()oAஹLi

98Cஹ0?Aஹ-3.32VBஹ1.66VCஹ-1.66VDஹ3.32Vᫀ:CC᪆?EF?᪗=ᵯ᩽ᵯ>ᦪHḄᜧIJKL"ᱥNḄOឋQᱥNḄᦪRᵯ᩽,-ḄSᔣUᐵ஺193.WᑡᔜᱥNᙠ[ᩩ]W^_ᑴabc1ஹ2-defḄ()஺AஹeijᐭlmKBஹefQdnoᔠCஹeiQdnoᔠDஹeiQdᓄrnsoᔠ

99tᫀ?CC᪆?eiQdnvwxᡂ,-wᡂ1,2-def஺194.z{ᡂ4.&2.=0.|=0.34V,᜛=࠷7V~ci-=L36V,ᙠ᪗=᝱WvḄ,-஺AஹCl+Sn2+->2Cr+Sn”2Bஹ2Fe2++Cu2*-*2Fe3++CuCஹ2Fe2++Sn4>-2Fe3++Sn2+Dஹ2Fe2++Sn2*-*2Fe3++Sn4+tᫀ?A195.WᑡᐗᵯឋᜧIḄ஺AஹBe>B>AI>MgBB>AI>Be=MgXCஹB>Be^AI>MgD\B^AIBe>Mg¤ᜐ"©ª«¬ḄᐗBeஹAIឋN®¯ᵯឋ°¯®±஺196.WᑡᱥN²"ᜩᯠµᑖᓄᔠᱥḄ஺Aஹ·¸Bஹℍ⃔»Cஹ¼½

100Dஹe⏚tᫀ?c197.ᙠ¿ÀᓄᱥÁᙠWiÂQHBrḄ,-²"()஺AஹÃᵯxᡂBஹÃ᪶xᡂCஹᵫÆxᡂDஹKÇ,-tᫀ?CC᪆?ᙠ¿ÀᓄᱥÁᙠWHBrᐜᡂBr•ᵫÆBr•ÉÊiËÌÍnᵯwᡂÎᵫÆ,-²ᵫÆᔊÐ஺198.WᑡᓄᔠᱥÑÒᨬµḄ()oAஹH2SeBஹH2SCஹH20DஹD20tᫀ?DC᪆?H20ᑖÔᨵH—0…HrÍQ!H2SeRH2sᑖ®ÖᐸᰚÑÒஹᰚᓄÙRÚvÙÛÜÝḄµÞßàᵫ"0ḄNᦪµÑÒÖàµ஺199.áCZn(OH)2ஹAglRFe(OH)3#âã·Ḅäᑺ()஺AஹæàBஹ₝⏚GKCNáè

101Dஹm⏚tᫀ?cC᪆?æàáCZn(OH)7RAgl,
ᡂ[Zn(éᐔëஹ[Ag(▬)2],íîáCFe(OH)K₝⏚Rm⏚^_QZn(OH);RFe(OH)2,-íîQAgl,-JᨵKCH^áC#âã·Zn(OH)7ஹAglRFe(OH);.wᡂ[Zn(CN)J:\[Ag(CN);]\[Fe(CN)dï200.z{AgCLAgBrஹAgKrO;Ḅáðñᑖòó1.8X10”5.2Xlo-73,3.4Xlo-77õáè0Cl\Br\Cid*Ḅlðᙳó0.Olmol*C1,ᔣ÷áè⌲øxᐭ0.Olrool•L-7AgNCháè,ᨬᐜRᨬùëwã·Ḅᑖò()஺AஹAgBrRAg7CrO;BஹAgBrRAgCICஹAgzCrO^lAgClDஹAgWrO;RAgBrtᫀ:AC᪆?᪷ᑖúã·ᳮü®-ý²Qã·ᑺḄlðñᨬᐜþᑮ®-ḄáðñÝᦪὅᨬᐜ᪆.AgBr◤ᐭAg-ḄᱥḄ5.2X10'17/0.01=5.2XAgCI◤ᐭAg-ḄᱥḄL8XKJF/0.01=1.8XAg;CrO;◤ᐭAg-ḄᱥḄV3.4xl0-11/0.01=.X10-3mol,ᡠᨬᐜᨬḄᑖ18AgBrAgzCrOc.201._`Zn(s)+yO(g)=ZnO(s),A//°=-351.5kJ-mol',Hg(l)+-yO(g)22=HgO(s),A//°=-90.8kJ-mcL,ᑣZn(s)+HgO(s)=ZnO(»)+Hg(l)ḄS()oAஹ442.3kJ•moi-1-1R260.7kJ-mol

102e-260.7kJmor11Dஹ-442.3kJ•molᫀc202.ᔣ!"ᐭ#$ᑡᱥ&!pH'(ᨬ)Ḅ()஺AஹNH;C1(s)BஹNaOH(s)CxHCI(aq)DஹH70(l)ᫀB-᪆ᵫNH?+OH-/0ᐭNH;CI!Ḅᵯ23⊝ᔣ⌮678ᔣ9:pH';<=ᐭHCLᡂ?!@ḄᱥḄA<pH'A<=ᐭB0,CDE!ḄFGpH'A<=HᐭNaOHᵫENaOHIJ&@KḄpH'(஺203.ᙠ$ᑡ3⊝MN"PCk(g)=PC13(g)+CU(g)4YZ0\(ᜧᡂᱥC123⊝Ḅ^_◤`a$ᑡbcdef()Aஹᓣhi_Bஹjki_CஹᜧPCL^_DஹᜧmnᫀA-᪆ᓣoi_3⊝ᔣḼᔾrḄ8ᔣ9:஺

103204.ᙠ100ᔣḄ0.14moi♦l/7HAc@K"ᐭ100⊈Ḅ0.lOwl•l/7NaAc@Kᑣu@KḄpH'Nv஺NHAcḄpKa=4.75Aஹ9.40Bஹ4.75Cஹ4.60Dஹ9.25ᫀCwᔠyHe-1=0.10%஺7-Lx0.120.22=0.05woZ-L1[j£ic]=0.14mol-^xQAL0.2Z=0.07{஺£௃IAc~Io•PH=K+3W=4.75+lg—=4.60-᪆Pa[HAc\00z205.ᙠ298KNaCIᙠ!"Ḅ@-_26g஺᝞ImolNaCI@-ᙠ1L!",@-"MḄaH-TASᰚ᝞ᓄ()஺AஹAH-TAS>0,AS<0BஹAH-TAS<0,AS>0CஹAH-TAS>0,AS>0DஹAH-TAS<0,AS<0ᫀB-᪆NaCI(S)@-E!"ḄᦑOH-TASVO;NaCI(S)=NaCl(aq),MḄw_(ᜧOS>0஺206.10molLHC1c1xlOdmol•L"ḄHAcefgH*hiXjᐸlm\lx10()o

104AஹHCI"ḄH+^_ᜧEHAc"ḄH+^_BஹHCI"ḄH+^_

105-᪆áâᘤḄᮣà_Çêëᑖ2_஺A.SiCh>KCl>SiBr>KBr2B.KCl>KBr>SiBrஹ>SiClஹC.SiBr>SiCi>KBr>KClA209.$ᑡᓄᔠᱥᰚìokíî()oD-KCl>KBCSiQ>SiBr,AஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀBKClx•2ÊᨔSiCl,xSiBhᑖÊᨔ2ÊᨔᰚðìoEᑖÊᨔ஺SñòḄ᥅ôõᜧESiC/jᦑSòᓃᑖÊ÷ÐᵨnᜧESiCZ;HCl-øù

106᪆ᵫ⚪1molH202ḄᑖḄQ=-285.83-(-187.6)=-98.23(kJ-mo1-1)ᑣ1+H202ᑖḄQ1=Q/Mr(H202)=-98.23/34=-2.89(kJ)211.0ᑡᱥ3456ᵯ89ᨬᜧḄ<()oAஹF2Bஹ02Cஹ02+DஹN2ᫀD᪆NDNEFGHᓝᑖJK56ᵯ89ᨬᜧ஺212.ᙠ⏚ឋOP4,RSC/3+TᓄCr207”6ḄWᑺ<()஺AஹYZBஹMnO2CஹPbO2DஹH202ᫀcᢥᵯ᩽ᵯbᜧcᑨeYZfMnOgRh9SCr3+5ᓄ஺H2O2⍗jTᓄᑺ஺2072-⊤lmnឋh9SCr3+Tᓄ஺jTᓄᑺPbOo⏚᪆ឋOP4RSCr3+TᓄCQS?-஺213.0ᑡᔜqᐗs4tᵯuឋᜧcᑨevwḄ<()஺AvCa>Mg>BeBஹ0>CI>PCஹSi>P>Br

107DஹBr>Si>PᫀB᪆ᕜᐗsḼnᦪᵯuឋᜧᐗsḼᵯᦪᵯuឋc஺214.Gᑣ᳛ᦪḄᓫ<()oAஹs—1Bஹdm3-moI-1■s—1CvmoI■dm—3•s—1Dஹdm6-mol-2•s—1ᫀD᪆ᦪn᳛ᦪḄᓫmol-dm—3•s—1/(mol-dm—3)n=dm3(n—1)"mol—(n—1),s—1215.ᵨᑖᐝᐝ¡¢KKCI4Ḅ¤I6Rᙠ⏚ឋᩩ¦0ᐭ¨ḄKMn04S16TᓄI2,ᯠªᐭ«¬ᡂ12-«¬¯⁐ᱥP஺¢K±²³´⌱¶()oAஹ·¸ZBஹWᑺ¹ºCஹ»KMnO4ḄW᪵³´Dஹh»KMnO4ḄW᪵³´ᫀB᪆½¡<¾¨Tᓄmnᵨᑖᐝᐝ¡F¿¢KKCI4Ḅ¤16஺ᙠ¢K46ᑗRᔾᐝḄᱥPᡈÃÄTᓄmnḄᱥPᙳᙠ¢K4ᡷ◀ᡷ◀ḄÈ

108¡É<⌱¶ᔠ〉Ḅ±²³´½¡⌱¶Ḅ±²³´ᒹÍ◀I—Î᜜ᡠᨵD᪵ÒÓḄ⏚ஹKMnO4Ô«¬ÕWᑺ¹º஺216.H2(g)f02(g)ᙠÖ×Ø4ᡂZᑣ()oAஹAH=0BஹAU=0CஹAS=0DஹAG=0ᫀB᪆A⚗Ú<Ö×Ø4ḄÛÜᑖᦪÝᡠÎAHVO஺B⚗Ú×ØÜÞßKàÖáâD᜜ãäᨵåfḄæᣚᦑOU=0஺C⚗H2f02ᡂZᐸASVO஺D⚗H2f02ᡂZḄêëᢣíᜐïð⊝ò᝱ᦑ4Gh6K0஺217.Ötôõö÷øḄùúᨔ᝱ᱥPḄü()üḄᓫ<()oAஹ1;J•K-1Bஹ0;J•K-1Cஹ0;JDஹ1;JᫀB᪆Ötôõö÷øḄùúᨔ᝱ᱥPḄýôþ<ÿ
ḄᓫJ-K-1o218.᝱ᳮ⌮⌮()Aஹ#ᑮ%&᝱

109Bஹ/ᑮ%&᝱Cஹ#ᑮ%&᝱012᛻ᶇ(567ᫀ9BAPKN5n\ᐳpᓄᔠᱥ4BCCUKNHn\s᩽ឋvlᔠḄ᩽ឋᑖw3CᙠCaOKSiO”=Lgnyzᙠᓫ|}ᑖwDᵬ;Ḅᑖ=.>?Ḅ@☢BCᡠ#.E᩽ឋᑖ=219.(ᑡ*+,-Ḅ.()AஹABஹBCஹCDஹD7ᫀ9CH᪆9A⚗KP4.ᓫL஺B⚗KCCI4.,N☢B᪀PQE᩽ឋᑖ=஺D⚗Kᵬ;ᑖ=R.,N☢B᪀஺220.ᙠ
TU(VW2co(g)+()2(g)=2C()2(g)Ḅ▭YZ[\Ḅᐵ^,-Ḅ.()஺AஹKp=KcBஹKp=KcX(RT)GKp=Kc/(RT)DஹKp=1/Kc7ᫀ9C221.(ᑡ_=K᩽ᓄ᳛ᨬᜧḄ.()஺

110AஹK+BஹRb+CஹBr-DஹI—7ᫀ9DH᪆9d_=Ḅ᩽ᓄ᳛ef,_=Ḅ᩽ᓄ᳛ᜧ஺d_=gᵯ₹ៜkḄᑣ᩽ᓄ᳛mᜧ஺_=nopᜧᑣ᩽ᓄ᳛pᜧ஺222.qrsᘤKᨵAஹBஹCvwxyᓄ@⊝{|ḄVW.ANgj+BNgjfCNgj,}TU(~2/3,ᑣ@⊝ᦪYᩭḄ஺Aஹ3Bஹ2Cஹ9Dஹ7ᫀ9D223.(ᑡᔜᱥLKᑖ=ᨵ᩽ឋḄ.஺AஹCO7SOmBஹCCLCl7Cஹf0SO7DஹHgCLNH77ᫀ9C

111H᪆9#Nᑖ=KᨵC12ᑖ=KḄᐳ᩽ឋᐸᑖ=KḄᐳᙳᨵ᩽ឋ.>Qk=ᑖ=ᨵ᩽ឋᑖ=᩽ឋQᑖ=Ḅ\B᪀.ᦑCO;ஹSO,HgCl;ஹCCLE᩽ឋᑖ=,ஹ0ஹS02᩽ឋᑖ=.224.£¤VWᙠT=800K,ª«p(®%@⊝¯°ᱥḄ±ᑖ²³.50%,¶VWᙠT=200K,ª«p(®@⊝°ᱥḄ±ᑖ²³·()஺Aஹ¸ᜧBஹºCஹDஹ/-
7ᫀ9AH᪆9ᐸ¾ᩩÀᙠ¤VWKÁTUᓣÃ@⊝⌮ᔣ®஺TU(Åᡠ#ᐸ°ᱥḄ±ᑖ²³¸Æ஺225.(ᑡᓄᔠᱥÈÉᙠ®SNIVWᨬÍ()oAஹABஹBCஹCDஹD7ᫀ9C

112H᪆9Ï_ÐÑÒIᨬÓ
ᨬ᧕Q_Ðᦑ(C)®SNIVWᨬÍ஺226.Ö×£ᐗÙ+3_=Ḅᵯ=᣸ÝÞIs22s22P03523P'3/ᑣãᐗÙᙠᕜå⊤Kçᕜåஹè஺()AஹNéVIIIBஹëéVBCஹvéVADஹìéIIIB7ᫀ9AH᪆9᪷î⚪ðã=Ḅñᵯ=᣸ÝÞ3d64s2஺óᕜåᦪôQᵯ=ñᦪôQᨬÃõ³=ᦪᡠ#ᐗÙQçNᕜåéᵯ=öᐙᙠdøñᡠ#{PQùèᐗÙúèᦪôQKn-1)d+nsþᵯ=ñḄᵯ=ᦪᓽ6+2=8,ᦑᐗVIII஺227.ᑡḄ()oAஹᑖᨔ"#Ḅ$%ᑖᑁ'()ᨵᐳ,-Bஹ/ᨔ"#01/234ᙠ6᩽ឋ-Cஹ:ᨔ"#;<)ᨵᐳ,-Dஹ>?ᨔ"ḄᰚABCADEFGᫀICJ᪆ILᨵM"Nᓫ/ᑖPᐳ,-QA┯S/ᨔ"#᝞SiO?Y4ᙠSi-0᩽ឋᐳ,-QB┯ᙠ\]#^4ᙠ:-_4ᙠᐳ,-QC஺>?`ḄᰚAEaQD┯஺228.ᑡbcḄ()o

113Aஹdeᓄấ;hᵨᩭᑴlᐝnopBஹqὁsᑭᵨ]⏚v⇨xyᑴlz{|Cஹ}ᨔ⚗B⚶ḄDấ⏚]ᑴ|Dஹấᑴᜓᓫᨔeᓄ/Gᫀ:AJ᪆IB⌱⚗]⏚

114DஹCHF=CClBrGᫀICJ᪆I»½᪀:¿"½᪀Ḅ'ÀQᵫÂ-<ÃᵫÄÅÆḄ,'ÇᢣÉÊḄÂ-,YᨵC=NÂ-QN=NÂ-ËÌÍᓄᔠᱥḄ»½᪀஺»½᪀"ÎÏḄᩩÑIজᑖ<ÃᵫÄ(ᔲᑣÕÖᡂ×᜜'Àᑖ)SঝÂ-Ú'Û<ᨵ0ÚḄÜÝ஺C⚗ḄÚ'%ÛᨵÞ%/Qºᨵ»½᪀஺231.ᙠ'(¥³S(X(g(g)4-,Kn=0.050CtNO?(g)pkN()(g)4-™0,K=0.01222sᑣᙠvwᩩyFS(-(g)+NO2(g)x-SOj(g)+NC)(g)Ḅß⊝áᦪKNIAஹ0.038Bஹ4.2Cஹ0.026Dஹ0.24GᫀIDJ᪆IâãI᪷å¬æß⊝çᑣèéKêK1ஹK2Ḅᐵì஺232.íᐗᨬFeᓄᦪN+6,ᨬ᜜îᵯᦪN1,/ðÊÚᐗ#ᨬñḄ஺ᑡ#ò'%óAஹ᜜îᵯ᣸õN3d54slBஹöᐗN÷øᕜúஹVIBᐗû

115Cஹ+3,:Ḅ᜜îᵯ᣸õüN3d2s1DஹöᐗḄᨬF,eᓄᱥḄ}ᔠᱥNý⏚GᫀICJ᪆IJIþ⚪
᪶᜜ᵯ᣸ᕜ⊤Ḅ⚪᪷⚪ᨬᓄᦪ+6ḄᐗᨵVIAVIBᐗᨬ᜜!"ᨵ#$ᵯḄᩩ&'᣸◀)VIAᐗᨬ+#$ᩩ&,-./01ᨬ23456ᐗ,VIB1Ḅ7஺CrḄᵯ᣸91s22s22P63s23P63d54s1,ᡠ;<=;>?@஺AA4஺᜜!ᵯ᣸3d54s1஺BA4஺BᕜᦪCDᵯ!ᦪCDᨬEFᦪᓽHIᕜ஺JḄF+#$ᵯKᐙᙠdN!Oᡠ;J,PᐗPᐗḄᦪCDQ(n-1)d+ns!OḄᵯᦪR7ᩭT5+1=6,ᓽVIBᐗ஺C┯V஺B-ᜫXᵯY✌ᐜᜫXᨬ᜜!OḄᵯ\]ᜫX^᜜!OḄdᵯ஺ᡠ;+3_`Ḅ᜜!ᵯ᣸3s23P63d3஺DA4஺CrḄᨬᓄᱥCrO3,ᐸcᔠᱥH2CrO4ᡈH2Cr207ᙳg⏚஺ᡠ;iᫀkC஺233.ᔜᱥmnoᙳ0.10mol*p"Ḅ>ᑡcst1ᐸpHuᨬ2Ḅ,()஺(xyK1(A^)=1.77X10-\ᴻCH.COOH'}=1.76xlQ-5)3AஹNH4clBஹNH3CஹCH3COOHDஹCIfeCOOH+CHsCOONaiᫀ{C

116AB|⚗~ឋpH>7;C⚗pH=3;D⚗⏚ឋstᐸ=᜛#^^^=-1g1.76x10-5=5.2'᪆{.2234.>ᑡ1┯VḄ,A\⊤☢ᑵ3;■ῖ⇨Bஹᙠ1E⌕¡¢ᔾῖ⇨Cஹ¤ᱨ□᩽¨©1ª¨©«ῖ⇨ᵯ¬Ḅ□᩽Dஹᙠ᜜pᵯ¨©1ª¨©®᜜p¯ᵯ°Ḅ±᩽iᫀ{C᪆{²³{ᑭᵨᵯᓄ¶-ᳮ¨©Ḅ¸1ᨵ¤ᱨ□᩽¨©᜜pᵯ஺235.>ᑡA4Ḅ,()஺Aஹ¹-ᑖ1»Ḅ᩽ឋ¼gᑖḄ᩽ឋ¼gBஹᐹᨵ᩽ឋᐳ_»Ḅᑖ#5,᩽ឋᑖCஹ¿᩽ឋᑖ1Ḅᓄ¶»#5,¿᩽ឋᐳ_»Dஹᑖ1Ḅ»,¿᩽ឋ»ᑖ#5,¿᩽ឋᑖiᫀ{D᪆{RDÀ-ᑖ{ᑖḄ᩽ឋ»Ḅ᩽ឋ#Áᓽ»,᩽ឋḄᐸᑖÂ,᩽ឋḄûḄ᩽ឋ¼ᜧᑖḄ᩽ឋ¼gRD¹-ᑖ{ᑖḄ᩽ឋ»Ḅ᩽ឋÅ#5#ÁᑖḄ᩽ឋÅÆÇÈD»Ḅ᩽ឋÃᑖḄÉ᪀Ëᨵᐵ?᪀RÍḄᑖ»Ḅ᩽ឋ3ÎÏÐÑᑖ¿᩽ឋᑖ஺

117ANaC0iBNaHCOjCCa(HC()i)2DKHCO,236.>ᑡᱥmᙠc1Ḅsoᨬ2Ḅ,()oAஹABஹBCஹCDஹDiᫀ{BH237.>ᑡᓄᔠᱥᵨMln஺{ᓄ¢ᡂ#ᐗÓ✏Õ⏚Ḅ,()஺AஹABஹBCஹCDஹD

118iᫀ{A᪆{A⚗Ö×Ø1ÙÚÎÛḄÜ-OÝÞ-ÅߪKMM),ᓄ஺BCDà⚗|$áØ1ÙÚÎÛḄÜ-OâᨵÞ-â3ªᓄ஺238.;ᵯR᪝(ä/+-Fe77Fe”çᡂ-ᵯ¬èy;-\ê>”#—ᑣïkðᱥ,()஺AஹMnOTFe>BஹMn஺-'Fe;-cஹòF£#DஹMn‘Fe’-iᫀ{c᪆{᪷ó9Eᵯ¬=E(+)-E(-),ᵫDᵯ¬ᵯõö÷,ᜧDøᡠ;ᙠE'kOjMQ>E3-çᡂḄ-ᵯ¬1A᩽Mncr;/M/,±᩽Fe7-/Fe”ᵯ¬ïkMnO-4+5Fe2++8H'=Mn>+5Fe3++4H2O,ᡠ;ïkðᱥ,Mn;ùFe".239.úûPᐗ1ᨬÅüýḄ,()oAஹAgBஹAuCஹCdDஹHgiᫀ{B᪆{Ḅüýឋ#þᵫ`ᐸᓫ
ᡂᵯḄ᪗ᵯ᩽ᵯḄᜧᩭᑨ஺240.HCIḄᑡḄ!:

119Aஹ$%!&'ᱥᳮ*ᓄBஹ$%!&'ᓄ,*ᓄCஹ-.ᨵᱥᳮ*ᓄ0ᨵᓄ,*ᓄDஹ-1Ḅឋ345*ᓄ6ᑺḄឋ8*9ᫀ;C᪆;=>;HCI.ᨵᱥᳮ*ᓄ?ᨵᓄ,*ᓄ஺HCIḄ@Aᔣ1᡽ᦣḄ!ᱥᳮ*ᓄHCIḄ@AE4ᡂFEGHIEGḄ!ᓄ,*ᓄ஺241.Fe=EGḄ᜜KᵯGᑖMNḄ!()஺24Av4s3d42Bஹ3d4s6Cஹ3d266Dஹ3s3p3d9ᫀ;D᪆;QGᜫᵯG✌ᐜᜫUᨬ᜜KḄᵯGWᜫUX᜜KḄᵯG6Y!ᐜᜫUᨬZ[ᐭḄᵯG஺ᵫ-Feᐗ_ᜫUᨬ᜜K2'ᵯGZ᦮'a3Kᡂbᨬ᜜KᡠdD⚗஺242.ᑡᓄᔠᱥ1pKagᨬᜧḄ!()oAஹCH3C0CIBஹ(CH3C0)20CஹCH3C00CH3DஹCH3C0NH29ᫀ;C

120᪆;hᯠ⏒kᑖG1lmnឋᨬoa-F⏚ឋᨬsᵫ⏒mtᵨvmwḄG⏚ឋᜧᜧxypKa|b16,ḄpKa஺243.ᑡᱥ1Ḅᨵ()஺Aஹv⏚Bஹ◭_CஹDஹvm⏚9ᫀ;C᪆;A⚗v⏚!◤vm⏚஺B⚗◭_!ᙠ◭*ᜧஹ41Ḅᱥ஺D⚗vm⏚!᪀ᡂᱥ⃩¡ᡠ◤¢£Ḅm¤ᱥ஺244.¥ᐗ_m᝱QGḄᵯG᪀§bெ4S*,«ᙠᕜ⊤1Ḅ¯°!()oA.S²IIAB.S²,VAC.d²IIBD.d²,VIIBAஹឋsp3ᩖᓄBஹឋsp2ᩖᓄCஹ¸ឋsp3ᩖᓄDஹspᩖᓄ9ᫀ;D᪆;AB¹⚗m᝱QGḄ4sº⍝ᐰ½3dº⍝¾½¿&ÀbÁÂᐗ_஺Wᵫ᪶᜜ᵯGᦪÅÆÇQGᜐVIIBÂMnQG஺

121245.ᑡᓄᔠᱥ1ÌÍb2ஹ4-ÎIÏÐ⏚Ḅᱥ!:CHCOOHCHJCOOII2ClCH2coOHc./1ஹCHCOOH2CNÑஹCIcIC1dAஹABஹBCvCDஹD9ᫀ;D᪆;=>;ὃÔÕ✏×ØᐸÚ4ᱥḄÌÍQᑣ஺246.ᑖÜᙠÝÞlOOcm1yᐭ5gÐÎ⏚ஹᵞåஹæçÝ⏣ஹⅅóõᡂÝöéᑣ$ÝöéḄêëìíî஺AஹïðñBஹyⅅóḄoCஹyÐÎ⏚ḄoDஹôᑨ9ᫀ;C

122᪆:᪷øùéḄúᦪឋûᢵ3Ḅ¸ᵯḄùéêëìýþéḄÿ᥅
ᕈᓽஹ1=&ᐸ"ᵫᑺḄឋḄᐵ;ᵯ!"#$%&'"()ᑺḄ*+ᦪᨵᐵ./⏚ஹ5555ᵞ2ஹ345⏣ஹⅅ85ᱥ:ᡂḄ"*+Ḅ<ᱥḄ)ᑖ>?☢'92'136'342,ᦑ5"Ḅ#$%ᜧE?ⅅ8ு345⏣ுᵞ2ு./⏚஺,&☢IJKMNgj+MNgj--&Ngj+টNgjNᑮᓄQR⊝T᝱VWᡂᱥ┠YZ[\]^_Ḅᐵ`aᑣ&ᑡdefḄI[g஺AஹJKḄAHVO,ha+b>g+dBஹJKḄAHVO,ha+b=g+dCஹJKḄAHு஺ha+b>g+dDஹJKḄOH>஺ha+b=g+diᫀkB᪆k]ᓣnWᡂᱥGḄY)Nwj'oᵫpqᱯᑡsᳮuJK?vwJKOHV0;^_ᓣnWᡂᱥGḄY)NwjxyᑣJKz{`|}~xyJK}`ᦪḄᦪ஺248.]ᓣnV$}ᓄᱥḄᑖ^[ᑖJKIᔾwJKgk[gAஹ'oBஹᜧCஹឤDஹfiᫀkB

123249.ឋᨵᱥᙠ⏚ឋᩩ&WWᡂᑖ+)ḄAB஺AIឋᱥB⏚JK}ᑣᨵᱥI()஺AஹCHCOOCJH37BஹCH3coOC2H5CஹCHC00Na3DஹCH3cH?Briᫀ:A250.ᵫcuC•ci-ᵯ᩽¢ᡂsᵯ£ᐸᵯ¤¥?1.63V,¦ᙠ§ᵯ᩽"¨ᐭ(ªAgNO7"ᑣᵯ£Ḅᵯ¤¥«()஺Aஹ¬EBஹᜧCஹxyDஹᑨ®iᫀkB᪆k§?᩽C஺?¯᩽ᵯ£JK?Cl7+Co=CoCkᡠᵯ£ᵯ¤¥?ᔛ஺0.059%-•2,¨ᐭAgNO7{WᡂAgCl²³'o´C1-Ḅᵯ¤¥«µ*23p/p$ᜧ.251.¶·(ᐗ¹⏚Ḅ?001moi/L,pH=4.55,ᑣᐸº»ᦪKa?()஺Aஹ5.8x102Bஹ9.8x103Cஹ8.6x10

124Dஹ7.97x10-8iᫀkD᪆kPH=4.55=-lgC(H+),ᵫc(H')=/K.—,¼K,஺252.ᙠ½ᵨw¿ÀÁᘤV?´ÃnÀÁḄᮣŽᵨḄÆ?()oAஹN2Bஹ02CஹH2DஹC02iᫀkC᪆koᑖ+)ÆᨵᑭÈuÉnḄᮣÅhÊḄw¿᳛ᨵᓄᔠᱥḄw¿᳛ḄÍÎᜧÏÐᮣÅn஺253.«0.1mol/LḄHAc0.1mol/LḄNaAcÑᔠ"¨!ÒÓsḄ}~Ḅ2ÔᐸH+pHÎyᓄ?()஺AஹsᩭḄ1/2ÔᜧBஹsᩭḄ1/2Ô¬ECஹ¬EᜧDஹxyxyiᫀkD᪆kHAcNaAc¢ᡂÖ×"᪷ÙÖ×"pHÎḄÚÛÜÏÐHAcNaAc'oÔᦪpHÎxy஺254.N2ஹ02ஹF2ᑖ+ḄÝ_?N2>02>F2஺ÞßḄᨬáÒ?()஺Aஹᑖ+)¨ḄÞß?N2V02VF2

125Bஹᵯ¯ឋ¨ḄÞß?NVOVFCஹ᝱s+Ḅ᥅
WᡂᯚḄᜧÞß?N(g)>0(g)>F(g)DஹᡂÝã⍝Ḅᵯ+ᦪḄᜧÞß?N2>02>F2iᫀkC᪆k᝱s+Ḅ᥅
WᡂᯚᓽIWᡂ1m஺IḄ᝱s+ᡠ◤⌕Ḅç)¦ᡠ◤ç)èᜧᑣÝ_èᜧ஺255.ᜩᯠëìḄᓄQ¢ᡂIkAஹíî4/ïBஹí⏚ðCஹíᵬòóï⏚ᵬðDஹí⏒õiᫀkA᪆kÃökᜩᯠëìIᵫî4/ï÷dᔠøᩭùᡂḄníᱥ஺256.&ᑡúxfḄI()஺Aஹº+ᨔ}ᙠᰚýVç¿ᵯBஹº+ᨔ}Ḅ"ç¿ᵯCஹº+ᨔ}ᨔþçèᜧÿᰚᜧDஹᨔḄᵯ₹ᦪ᪶ᜧᨔᜧᫀD᪆ᨔḄ᣸ᑡḄ"#$ஹ%ᰚ&ᡈ()*᝱,ᵯ-ᰚ'/Ḅ01ᨔᨵᐵᨔᜧᰚஹ/-ᨔ$45ᵯ₹645᪶஺

126257.=ᑡ6>?5@ᡂ6>Ḅ#()oAஹCH=CH—CH,+Br-^CHBr—CHBr—CH2222HNOJ
TjN0+H022BHHNQ,CH3cH20H^^^^=
7IJKL7CஹHJ+2KMnO,-2HC1cOOH4-2MnO+2KC1+2HO022DᫀA᪆B⚗OPQ6>C⚗ORS6>D⚗OTᓄ6>஺258.ᙠXYZ[=\ᙠ/]=/^_ᓄ,=ᑡᱥᳮcᦪde@Ḅ#()஺AஹfgḄhBஹi\Ḅ_ᓄjCஹfgḄᔡlmnᦪDஹi\Ḅo_jᫀA᪆A⚗\ᡂO_pfgqeᜧrse@tde@஺BCDu⚗ᙠXYḄ]vZ[=OYd஺298K0w,=ᑡ6>ḄA,Gx56>yᡂᱥḄA/GḄO()஺A.H.(g)+C1,(g)=2HCI(g)B.HCI(g)+NH4(g)=NH4CI(s)C.P(z{)+|CL(g)=PCI(s)3259.D.2c(}~)+H?(g)=C2H2(g)AஹABஹB

127cஹcDஹDᫀDAff-᪆AB⚗᪷ᓃ”YyᡂᱥfᦪO1,6>ᱥOὃ*᝱ᓫ஺C⚗z{ᯠ#{ᐗᨬYḄᓫ#ὃ*᝱ḄᐗK{Ḅὃ*᝱ḄᐗO{L஺260.ᙠj[᪗ᩩ=,0.lOOmolḄ⛳vᙠXYᩩ=10.200gH:y@ᡂ6>yᡂ⛳vᐰ¡yᡂ0.300molCNh_ᑣ⛳v#KL஺AஹCH=CH32DCH,CH,CH=CH,CCHCH=CHV\52CH,CHC=CHn2ᫀC᪆⛳v£1¤_y@ᡂ6>ὅḄᱥḄc¦4O1:1,ᑣi⛳v§ᨵX¨⛳v©ª«¬C7■ᓅ¯°-O.lOOmol⛳v±ᐰyᡂ0.300molC0²_³´1ᑖi⛳v§ᨵ3¨¶ᓽn=3.261.6>]ᦋ¹¡º6>Ḅ»᳛ஹ»᳛ᦪ'½⊝ᦪxᙳᨵÀÁ஺=ᑡÂÃÄX¨#┯ÆḄÇAஹ6>]ᓣ$ஹ⌮6>»᳛ᙳe@Bஹºᔾj6>]ᓣ˽⊝ᔣÍÎÏCஹºÐj6>]ᓣ˽⊝ᦪe@Dஹ]ᓣË»᳛ᦪe@

128ᫀC᪆᪷ÑÒÓÔmÕ°Ö]ᓣ¡»᳛ᦪ¹ᜧ-×ᵫcÙᵨYÛÜÝÞ6>»᳛e@ᡠàAvDá$â஺ºᔾj6>]ᓣ¡½⊝ᦪKe@ËK>Q,½⊝ᔣÍÎÏ஺ᡠàBæ$â஺ºÐj6>]ᓣ¡½⊝ᦪçèᡠàC$âᫀOC஺262.ᓄ6>Ḅ᪗᥅ë¹Ḅᓫì#()ᱥḄ᪗᥅ëyᡂíḄᓫì#()oAvkJ•moI'-1-kJ■moI'-1BஹkJ-kJ-molöX1C\kJ•moI—1-kJDஹkJ-kJᫀA᪆ù⚪ὃûᱥᳮcḄᓫì஺᪗᥅ë¹'4v᪗᥅ëyᡂᯚḄᓫìᙳOkJ•moIöX1o263.=ᑡᱥËþ(ÿ⁐ḄAv⏣Bஹᾦ⏚ᵞCஹDஹᫀD᪆ᨵ⛳Ḅᨵ!ᱥஹᨵ#$Ḅᨵ!ᱥ%&'()⁐஺

129264.0123ᓣ5%678019᳛Ḅ;<=&ᵨ?ᓄᑺ&019᳛78Ḅ;<=501ᱥB3&019᳛78Ḅ;<஺()(1)78FᑖHIᦪK(2)LMF01ḄNᓄOK(3)78FNᓄᑖHQᑖᦪK(4)ᑖHRᙳTO78஺Av(1)(2)(3)Bஹ(1)(2)(4)G(2)(3)(4)Dஹ(3)(2)(1)ᫀD᪆ᓣ523=&ᡠᨵᑖHḄOWXᓣ5=NTOY7Z=019᳛8[=\]⌕ḄᜧW`aᑖHᔾᦈFOWdᡂFNᓄᑖH=&NᓄᑖHQᑖᦪᜧᜧ78,ᨵᦔhijᦪ7k=019᳛8[஺&ᵨ?ᓄᑺ=LMF01ᡠ◤⌕ḄNᓄO=&NᓄᑖHQᑖᦪ7ᜧ=019᳛8[஺7ᜧ01ᱥB3=78FᑖHIᦪ=mn78FNᓄᑖHQᑖᦪ=&019᳛8[஺265.pq8ᐭstᓫv=ᙠxyzᵫ$ᐳ}qᡠ~ᡂḄ5}ᱥ()oAஹ}ᔠᱥBஹ}ᔠᱥCஹ5}ᱥDஹ5}ᱥᫀD᪆Ḅ5}ᱥ%Oᙳ}ᱥ=%Oᐳ}ᱥ஺A⚗==}ᔠᱥᙳ}ᱥKBCs⚗=}ᔠᱥ'5}ᱥᐳ}ᱥKD⚗=5}ᱥ%6ᙳ}ᱥ=m%6ᐳ}ᱥ஺

130266.ᑡ$ᓄᔠᱥ᪶8ᡂ01Ḅ9᳛()஺a0"ᜓ:⊈ᵫAஹa>d>c>bBஹa>d>b>cC\d>a>c>bDd>a>b>cxᫀA᪆6$ᓄᔠᱥ᪶8ᡂ01q=ᵫR☢᪀dᡂ☢v᪀=¡⌕Ḅ¢£<¤஺¥᜜=6$§¨ᵯHª35«᧕ᑮ᪶¯ᑺḄx°஺,ᜧஹ±ᵯHᡈ³✏µ¶$·&01NឋLM=<¹Ivº#Ḅ01Nឋᜧ»¼=ᾦ½¾¿$ᓄᔠᱥÀ³✏¾Á$ᓄᔠᱥ01Nឋ5஺ᦑa>d>c>b267.ÃÄS0108஺1♦LÅᐗÇ⏚ḄpH=4.55,ÈÉAஹ5.80X10”Bஹ9.82X10-3Cஹ7.95X1஺-Dஹ8.63X10-7ᫀcËᐔÇ⏚HAᑣ%,=C/o᪷ÑpH=-1$%=10455=282xl(rᨵJQ(2.82x105ÒO£ÓC=7.95x10-268.ᙠᑡᵯH᪀ÔÕ=OÖ×⊤$᝱;HḄÚÛᵯH᪀Ḅ()o

131AஹHe2s:BஹNe3s;3p4CஹAr4sMp:DஹArlSdMs4ᫀcC⚗1Ü⇧Þ3s73p1᪆ßàHe⊤Is;᪀=Ne⊤ls;2s;2p=᪀=Ar⊤Is;2sp's23Pl᪀.269.á»HCIâvã»(Ḅäª=ᑡßåÖ×Ḅ()஺AஹæçèᱥᳮdᓄḄäªBஹæçèᓄêdᓄḄäªCஹ¹äªᨵᱥᳮdᓄ=ᨵᓄêdᓄDஹ¹äªÕãëḄឋëFdᓄ=ãᑺḄឋëìdᓄᫀC270.ᙠâí⁐îÕ=⁐îï&ᵨḄ▲23()஺Aஹ1ñM»¯᪵Õóôᨬ5öᑖḄóôBஹ1ñM»¯᪵ÕóôᨬMöᑖḄóôCஹ1ñ÷äøùḄᰚôDஹ1ñ÷äøùḄᰚôᫀC᪆ABs⚗=ï2M»öᑖḄóôKD⚗=ï2÷äøùḄᰚôûOüýøù6ù᝱þᙠ஺

132A.Sp-pbB.sp'—p0■c.sp-s(7ᙠCH?-C=C-8,•ᑖC-BrḄᓄ()D.'-o•271SPSAஹABஹBCஹCDஹDᫀACC!ᡂ#C᜜ᵯ&'(ᩖᓄ஺C-Brt+᪆ḄᓄCḄspᩖᓄ-⍝BrḄp-⍝!ᡂḄ஺஺272.PC1/g)Ḅᑖ+01PCk(g)=PCl,(g)+Cl,(g)ᙠ473K2ᑮ4⊝6PClஹ(g)ᨵ48.5%ᑖ+,ᙠ573K2ᑮ4⊝6ᨵ97%ᑖ+ᑣ:01()Aஹᔾ<01=Bஹ><01=Cஹ01Ḅ᪗@᥅BᯚDEḄ01=DஹᙠFGHIJK᪗@4⊝LᦪNOḄ01஺ᫀA273.ᨵᑭQᐳSTUV1,2-Wᡂ01ḄᩩY()oAஹZIஹ᩽ឋ]ᑺBஹ_Iஹ᩽ឋ]ᑺCஹ_Iஹ`᩽ឋ]ᑺDஹZIஹ`᩽ឋ]ᑺ

133ᫀD+᪆_I6a&'1,4-Wᡂ

134AvCrCI3-6H20BஹMnS04-H20CஹK2MnO4DஹK2Cr207ᫀDᐹᨵd஺ᵯ᪀ÐḄÑÒ®&'ᵯḄd-dÇÈ஺Q஺2஺7CrÔVIÖᵯ᪀Ðd°®&'ᵯḄd-ØÈᐸÃ⁐ᵫᵯ₹ÇÈo+᪆'஺277.ÛKᑡᓄᔠᱥᢥÜr©ឋ᣸ÞÔÖ஺a.ßᵬ¶áâᵬárb.âᵬárc.ßåáâᵬárd.ßᵬáâᵬárAxd>a>c>bBஹa>d>c>bCஹa>d>b>cDxd>a>b>cᫀC+᪆èᵯá£Ür©ᔾᵯá£Ür®©஺ᐸa,ᵬ¶á½èᵯá=dᵬáéèᵯá=cåáᔾᵯá஺278.Lëᨵì01íÐᨵজïð01ঝWᡂ01ঞóô01টöᓄ01ঠWø01ডúø01ঢ¶ᓄ01ণ¾01ᐸᙠᨵìᑖýo'þáḄ01íÐÔÖAஹজঝঞটBஹঠডঢণCஹজঝঢণ

135DஹঞটঠডᫀC279.ÿ
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136281.ᑡᓄᔠᱥᢥKLM(᣸O஺஺a.QRb.QT⏣c.QVd.Q⏣e.YQRAஹd>b>c>e>aBஹb>d>e>c>aCxd>b>e>c>aDஹb>d>c>e>aᫀ:D5᪆-`a)Ꮤ᩽-Ꮤ᩽fᵨhுklh1mnoᑖqrhstᱥ0ḄKLḄu⌕wx1ᑖqrhyᜧ1ᱥ0ḄKLyM஺QT⏣z{|}~1`aḄfᵨhᨬᜧ1KLᨬMQ⏣z7|}~1`aḄfᵨhQVYQRᙳᐹᨵᏔ᩽-Ꮤ᩽fᵨh1QVḄ᩽ᓄfᵨ*YQRQR`afᵨh1Ꮤ᩽-Ꮤ᩽fᵨh1ᡠᐸKLᨬ(஺282.⊤3dḄqᦪ()஺Aஹn=3I=1m=+1m=-1/2sn=31-2+1m=+1/2sCஹR=3I=0m=+lm=-1/2sn=3Z=3zn=+1m=+1/23+ᫀ-B5᪆-1=2
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஺284.⏚ª«t⌱ᢣᑺḄ¯ᑣ()oAஹKa=KHInBஹᢣᑺḄ⁐²³ᓄ´µL¶ᐰ¸ᔠCஹᢣᑺḄ⁐²ᐰ¹ᡈ¹ᑖ»ᐭ«tḄpH½¾¿²ᑁDஹᢣᑺḄ⁐²
¶ᐰᙠ«tḄpH½¾¿²ᑁ+ᫀ-C5᪆-ᢣᑺḄ⁐²ᐰ¹ᡈ¹ᑖ»ᐭ«tḄpH½¾¿²ᑁ1ᦑ⌱C஺285.ÁᐗxXᨬMÃzÄ⏚Ḅᑖq98,mXḄÄᓄᱥḄᑖq¨ÅH?X,ᑣᑡÆÇḄ()AஹXḄᨬMÃzÄ⏚Ḅᑖq¨È⊤HsXOqBஹXÉTᕜËVAÌᐗxCஹXÉTᕜVIAÌᐗxDஹXḄᨬMᓄᔠÃ+4+ᫀ-A286,È⌮
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138BஹᓣÒÎ1⊝ᦪÓᜧCஹ'ÒÎ1⊝ᦪÓᜧDஹ'ÍÎ1⊝ᦪÓᜧ+ᫀ-C5᪆-Ô-!"
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oAஹ10%Bஹ20%Cஹ40%Dஹ50%+ᫀ-C290.ᑡᓄᔠᱥ⏚ឋᵫᜧᑮÐḄO஺a.<3b.ü⏣c.ý~<3d.rý~<3Aஹc>d>a>bBஹa>c>d>bCஹb>a>d>cDஹc>a>d>b+ᫀ-A5᪆-þ⚪ὃ
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