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ᖪ▅1>Sinceitsbeginningsintheseventeenthcentury,Americanbusinesshasbeenbasedonpublicownershipofpropertyandfreedomofenterprise.A. B.ᔲᫀB2ஹSimilarly,allbusinesseshavecommonstructuraloperatingcomponents,eachofwhichhasapurpose.A.specificB.similarC.specialD.commonᫀA3ஹInthespringof1999,Sainsbury'sandMarksandSpencerannouncedheavyfallsinprofitlargelyduetotheirinabilitytolistentoandrespondtothecustomer.A.1999᧡ᜩ឵ᑭᜧ ⌕"# $%&'()*+,-Ḅ/0B.1999᧡ᜩ឵ᑭᜧ ⌕ #2$%34(),-Ḅ5678,-9:;+ᫀA4ஹTheadvantagesofthisfreetradeagreementseemtothedisadvantages.A.outnumberB.outliveC.outgrowD.outweighᫀD5ஹStockholdersinthecompany'sprofits.A.investB.shareC.cooperateD.resultᫀB6ஹComparedwithWesternmanagers,Chinesemanagersspendlesstimeconsultingandmoretimeactuallymakingdecisionsandimplementingpolicy.A, B.ᔲᫀA7^Thesubsidiariesofsomeinternationalcompanieswouldbeunrecognizedasthesamecompanytheirlogoandreportingprocedures.A.duetoB.becauseofC.exceptforD.saveforᫀD8ஹSomecompaniesnowhavecustomercallcenterswhicharesetupwiththesoleobjectiveofhandlingcomplaint,inquiriesandaftersalesservice.A.<ᙠ>?@AB-CDEᐸG>HḄI ᜐᳮᢗMஹNOPQCRB.>?<ᙠ@AB-ᡝTUDEᐸG>HḄ ᜐᳮᢗMஹNOPQCRᫀA
19ஹThedifferenceamountstoatradesurplusofseveralbilliondollarseachyear.A.W>XYZᑮ\ᦪᓝ_`ᐗḄb᧕dXB.W>XYefg\ᦪᓝ_`ᐗḄb᧕dXᫀB10>Inspiteofeconomicproblemsinthe1990s,theeconomiesoftheAsia/Pacificregionwillbestrongerinthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury.A.hi19jk90l:
2A.ᙠᑜopD3 ᨵ⌕72opO⚪ᫀB.ᙠᑜḄopD⌕2¡ᡠᨵ72opO⚪ᫀᫀA18ஹFirst-linemanagerssetpolicies,formulatestrategies,andoverseeallofafirm'smajordecisions.A. B.ᔲᫀB19ஹTheybegantoimplementthemarketingconcept,abusinessphilosophythatinvolvestheentirebusinessorganizationinthedualprocessofsatisfyingcustomerneedsandachievingtheorganization'sgoals.A.$%£¤¥⃩├ᭆ©W >ªᖪ®¯°±²³-ᡝ◤µ<®¯H᪗Ḅ·¸¹ºḄo⃩ᳮ©B.$%£¤¥⃩├ᳮ©W >»¼½®¯ᙠ²³-ᡝ◤µ<®¯H᪗Ḅ·¸¹ºDḄo⃩ᳮ©ᫀA20>Planningisdeterminingwhatthecompanyneedstodoandhowbesttogetitdone.A. B.ᔲᫀA21ஹWhydonormsandprocedureswhichseemtoworksowellinoneculturelosetheirinanother?A.relevanceB.effectivenessC.authorityD.functionᫀB22ஹItoperated25smallretailoutletsinhigh-classshoppingmallsandairportssellingrelativelyexclusive,brandedclothingproducts;buyingtheseshopsmeantthatitcouldgivetheshirtmuchgreaterexposureanditcouldalsowidenitsproductrange.A.|ᙠ¾¿ÀᱥDEÂÃo⃩Ḽ25ÅÆÇÈPÉe8ÊËᙢ├PÌÍCÎÌÏÀÐW?CÎÉ/ᕡḼÒÓÔÕᢚ×ØÙÚᩭyᜧḄÜᐝÞßàáÒÓᜧÕᢚ×Ø⊟ḄÌåB.æᙠ¾¿ÀᱥDEÂÃo⃩25ÅÆÇÈPÉ├Pe8çÅḄÌÍCÎÌÏÀÐW?ᖪÉ/ᕡḼæÒÓÔØÙyᜧḄÜᐝ᳛áÒÓᜧᐸÌåᫀA23ஹChallengingadecisiononceithasbeenmadeisoftenconsideredaserious;itcausesthesuperiortoloseface.A.mistakeB.mischiefC.affectationD.offenceᫀD24>Hethereforedevelopedaproductwhichpackedintothesameareaasamagazine.A.#é$£êB>ÌW̱ᩖìᒹÎᙠß>vîB.#é$£êB>ïØ⊟ÌWïÌxØ⊟ᒹÎð>ᩖì>᪵ᜧÆḄòóᫀB
325>Nearlyallemployeesundergosomeorientationprocess.A.originalB.preliminaryC.elementaryD.initialᫀD26ஹWhataccountsforthedifference?Here"accountsfor"canbestbereplacedby"A.explainsB.describesC.representsD.causesᫀD27>Tobecomecompetitiveglobally,economiesaregroupinginternationally.A. B.ᔲᫀB28ஹIndustrialproductsarepurchasedforuseinafirm'soperationsortoreplaceotherproducts.A. B.ᔲᫀB29ஹThefounderofSunpowerthinksthattheirbusinessisgrowingalittletoofast.A. B.ᔲᫀA30ஹThemarketingprocess,whichrequirescarefulplanningand,beginswiththecreationofgoods,service,oridea.A.applicationB.performanceC.executionD.communicationᫀC31>Consumersatisfactionandorganizationalobjectivesdiscouragemarketerstoadjusttheproductmix.A, B.ᔲᫀB32>Capitalisneededtostartanybusiness.A. B.ᔲᫀA33ஹItisinterestingthatonly31percentofthebelievedthatscheduledmeetingswereanimportantactivity.A.sampleB.exampleC.surveyD.listᫀA34>Weshouldencouragedifferentcivilizationstolearnfromeachotherandtogether.A.expandB.flourishC.waveD.pervadeᫀB
435ஹPeterClaytonwantstolaunchthenewproductstepbystep.A. B.ᔲᫀB36>Anation'sbalanceoftradestronglyaffectsitbalanceofpayments.A.>ôÅḄô▭b᧕XY8ᐸô▭ᦈ÷ᨵøᜧùúB.>ôÅḄb᧕û⊝{ýᙢùúḼæḄô▭ᦈ÷û⊝ᫀA37>Oncebasicpricesareset,thesellermayapplyvariouspricingstrategiestoreachitstargetmarketsmoreeffectively.A. B.ᔲᫀA38ஹAfter1950,however,businesspeoplerecognizedthattheirenterprisesinvolvednotonlyproductionandsellingbutalsothesatisfactionofcustomers'needs.A.ᯠ1950lþQᖪÿ ᑮḄ├ᡝ◤ḄB.ᯠ1950 ᖪ!" ᑮḄ◤⌕├⌕ᡝḄ◤$%&ᫀ(B39ஹDecision-makingistheprocessofdevelopingasetofpossiblesolutionsandchoosingonefromamongthatset.A.effectiveB.practicalC.alternativeD.potential$%&ᫀ(C40>Onecriterionforevaluatingtheperformanceofaneconomicsystemistoassesschangesinproductivity,whichistheaveragelevelofoutputperworkerperhour.A.*+,-./0ᦔḄ23᪗56*+7Ḅ8ᓄᓽ;<=>!?Ḅ@ᙳB@B.*C,-./0ᦔḄ23᪗56*+722ᓽ;D>!;<=Ḅ@ᙳ?B@22Ḅ8ᓄ$%&ᫀ(B41ஹExxonCorporationstartedasanentrepreneurialventure.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(A42>Managementistheprocessofplanning,organiztion,leading,andcontrollingavarietyofrecourcesinordertoachievethefirm'sgoals.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(A43ஹTherefore,somejobsmaygonorthorsouth-mostlysouth-ofourborderandsomeopportunitiesforworkintheUnitedStates.
5A.decreaseB.deleteC.detractD.eliminate$%&ᫀ(D44ஹAbusinessislikeanautomobileintermsofstructure.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(B45ஹSomeinternationalcompanieshaveEuropean,Asian,AmericanorMiddleEasternA.companiesB.enterprisesC.corporationsD.subsidiaries$%&ᫀ(D46ஹThefinancingofdomestictradeismorecomplexthanthatofinternationaltrade.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(B47ஹHesetthebusinessupwithhiswifeandtwobusinesscolleagueswhowereboredwiththeendlesstravelingandwantedtousetheirownexperiencetocreatesomethingnewandshareinitssuccess.A.GHIJ3KLM2NOPᎢRSTUḄVWXᑭᵨ[\Ḅ,]O⌼_Ḅ`aᑖcdḄᡂfB.HIgJhᖪij2NOkRlmnoPᎢRpqpRḄVWXᵨ[\Ḅ,]O⌼2r_Ḅ`aᑖcdḄᡂf$%&ᫀ(B48>Inpracticethetypesaremixedoroverlaidwithoneculture.A.leadingB.controllingC.commandingD.dominating$%&ᫀ(D49>Astrong,well-definedculturecanhelpabusinessreachitsgoalsandinfluencemanagementstyles.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(A50>Thethreegeneraltypesofbusinessesaremanufacturers,servicebusinesses,andmarketingmiddlemen.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(A51ஹSuchistheattractionofprofitthatthemarketingspecialistsarecompetingwithsomeincrediblysophisticatedadvertisingforsomerathersimpleproducts!A.ᑭsḄᔾu7w ᜧgyz⃩├|m$ᙠG2r~gḄᩖ2rᓫḄB.ᑭsḄᔾu7w ᜧgyzᔜ⃩├|mᵨᩖ~gḄᩭ2rᓫḄ$%&ᫀ(B
652>Understandingbuyingbehaviorhelpsmarketerspredicthowbuyerswillrespondtomarketingstrategies.A.RWᨵz⃩├!ᕒ⚜m⃩├ᶍḄ¡B.RWᨵz¢£!ᕒ⚜m⃩├ᶍḄ¡$%&ᫀ(A53ஹAsanaddedbonus,increasedcompetitivenesswillenableustomeetthechallengesposedbyforeignnations.A.¤¥Ḅ§ᜐ©ª7«¬ᡃ®¯¡°©?ḄᢧᡊB.³23§ᜐ67Ḅ©ª«¬ᡃ®¯¡°´ᩭḄᢧᡊ$%&ᫀ(B54>Aproductiseverythingthatonereceivesinanexchange,includingallattributesandexpectedbenefits.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(A55ஹPost-purchaseevaluationsarealsoimportanttomarketers,sincetheyinfluencefuturebuyingpatterns.A. +µ⃩├!ᕒ¶·¸⌕¹ᯠdº»¼½ᩭḄ¾¿B. *C»¼ÀÁὅ½ᩭḄ¾¿Ãw⃩├!ᕒĶ·¸⌕$%&ᫀ(B56ஹManagersarerequiredbylawtoprovideemployeeswithaworkingenvironment.A.perfectB.comfortableC.convenientD.safe$%&ᫀ(D57ஹThetotaleconomicvalueofallproductsimportedintoacountrycomparedtothetotaleconomicvalueofallotherproductsexportedoutofacountryisthatnation'sbalanceofpayments.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(B58>Aninstitution'spurpose,mission,andstrategyitsstructure.A.affectB.decideC.restrictD.define$%&ᫀ(A59^Marketersmayimproveaproductmixbychangingexistingproducts,deletingproducts,anddevelopingnewproducts.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(A60ஹGoodmanagersalwaysbearinmindtheprincipleofjob-relatedness-thathumanresource
7decisionsandpoliciesshouldbebasedontheofajob.A.requirementsB.relationsC.descriptionsD.responsibilities$%&ᫀ(A61>However,duringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,thefederalgovernmentbegantoprovideanumberofsocialservicestoitscitizens.A.ᯠᙠ20ÅÆ30 Ḅᜧ⃫ᩩÉÊὶÌÍÎÏÐᔣᐸnÓ©Ô2rÕºÖKB.ᯠᙠ20ÅÆ30 Ḅᜧ×ᢓÉÊὶÌÍÎÏÐᔣᐸnÓ©Ô2rÕºÖK$%&ᫀ(A62>Marketresearchcanhelpmarketersunderstandhowthecommontraitsofthesegmentaffectconsumers*purchasingdecisions.A.¢£ẆÚÛgÜ⃩├!ᕒᳮÞßᑖ¢£ḄᐳLᱯâ㻼ÀÁὅḄäB.¢£ẆÚÛgÜ¢£åᳮ!ᕒᳮÞßᑖ¢£ḄᐳLᱯâ㻼ÀÁὅḄä$%&ᫀ(A63ஹControversyoverwhatconstitutesdiscriminationinpayingmenandwomenwhoholddifferentjobsisacurrent.A.problemB.topicC.issueD.question$%&ᫀ(C64ஹTradebarrierscanresultinthelossofjobs,higherprices,fewerchoicesinthemarketplace,andthemisallocationofresources.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(A65>Managersfunctionwithinacorporate-asystemconsistingofafirm'sinnerrites,rituals,heroes,andvalues.A.climateB.environmentC.featureD.culture$%&ᫀ(D66ஹDiscretionaryincomeiswhatremainsaftersavingsandexpendituresfor.A.comoditiesB.groceriesC.refreshmentsD.necessities$%&ᫀ(D67ஹMarketersmayimproveaproductmixbydeletingexistingproducts.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(A68ஹOnceadecisionhasbeenmadebytheChinesemanagers,workersareexpectedtoexpresstheirviewsfreelybeforecarryingitout.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(B
869>Consumerbuyingbehaviorreferstothepurchaseofproductsforpersonalorbusinesspurposes.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(B70ஹOneofthepartnersofSunpowerrecommendsmovingtoFrancebecausehethinksitistimetoexpandtheirbusiness.A.6B.ᔲ$%&ᫀ(B71ஹAlthoughthebusinesssufferedatemporarydownturnindemandoverthemonthbeforeandafterthestartofthemillenniumbecauseoflackofdemandforairtravel,itrespondedwithapricereduction,whichensureddemandtickedoverduringtheuncertainperiod.A.æåᵫzèéVW◤noᙠᓟë ì Ḅ23ᨴîï⍗Rᨚ=Ḅ◤òóônoõRöC÷ø¤¡%ùR◤ᙠl3%ú=ÉᑁᑮüᢝB.æåᵫzèéVW◤Þnoᙠþᓟ ÏÐì Ḅ23ᨴᑁᨚ=ï⍗R◤òóôdḄÿ ◤ᙠᑁᑮᫀA72ஹThefourmostcommonmarketresearchmethodsareobservation,survey,focusgroups,andexperimentation.A.B.ᔲᫀA73ஹClassificationaffectsaproduct'sdistribution,promotion,andpricing.A.B.ᔲᫀA74>Inpractice,marketingfunctionscanbedividedintoexchangefunctions,distributingfunctions,andfacilitationfunctions.A.B.ᔲᫀA75>Humanresourcemanagementinvolvesthedevelopment,administration,andevaluationofprogramstoacquireandenhancethequalityandperformanceofpeopleinabusiness.A.B.ᔲᫀA76>Labelingprovidescustomerswithproductinformation,someofisrequiredbylaw.A.thisB.thatC.itD.whichᫀD77>Wetendtobelieveorwishthatallforeignerswillfitthewehaveofthem.A.expectationsB.imaginationsC.stereotypesD.prejudices
9ᫀC78>Forthelastseveralyears,theUnitedStateshasbeenimportingmorethanitexports,resultinginatradedeficit.A.ᙠ Ḅ!"#$%&'()*+(,-.᧕⌮1B.ᙠ Ḅ!"#$%&'()*+(,-2345ᫀA79ஹInalaissez-fairecapitalistsystem,thefactorsofproductionareownedbyprivateindividuals,andallindividualsarefreetouse ornottousetheirresourcesastheyseefit.A.ᙠ6ᵫ89Ḅ:;<=ᑴ?@AB⌕DE*FGᡠᨵᡠᨵFGJKL6ᵫMᵨOᡈMᵨQRSTUᔠ〉Ḅ:XB.ᙠ6ᵫ:;<=ᑴ?@AB⌕DYZGᡠᨵᡠᨵFGJKLᢥ᯿6]Ḅᑨ_6ᵫMᵨOᡈMᵨQRSḄ:XᫀB80>Incontrast,nationalsecurityconcernshavepromptedtheUnitedStatestolimittheextenttowhichcertainformsoftechnologycanbeexportedtoothercountries.A.`ab@$cdᐰὃ⇋hM#$▲ᑴjklmḄᢈo+(ᑮᐸR$cḄq?B,`ab@+*$cdᐰὃ⇋#$r%kᢈoḄ+('sjtq?Ḅ▲ᑴᫀB81ஹQuickdecisionsaremadewhereexperienceprovidesthesolution.A.absolutB.superficialC.apparentD.ostensibleᫀC82>CapitalismstemsfromthetheoriesofAdamSmith.A.B.ᔲᫀA83ஹThecorporateformofbusinessorganizationbecamepopularduringtheentrepreneurialera.A.B.ᔲᫀB84ஹNowitisChina'sturntoitseyetowardsthesilkroads.A.focusB.turnC.setD.castᫀD85ஹGeorgeRigbyisnotconfidentthathisnewinventionisenvironmentallyfriendlyenough.A,B.ᔲᫀB86>Carryingoutthebusinessofsuchahugecompanyrequireslaborforcewithawidevarietyofrangingfrommanagerstogeologiststotruckdrivers.A.skillsB.jobsC.positionsD.ranks
10ᫀA87ஹBusinessistheorganizedeffortofindividualstoproduceandsell,foraprofit,thegoodsandservicesthatsatisfysociety'sneeds.A.ᖪvFGUwᑭyABz├|}~◤ḄᖪzvḄᨵḄB.ᖪFGᨵᙢABz├|}~◤⌕ḄᖪzvLᑭᫀA88>Changesoccurringinmannersandcustomsmustbecarefullymonitored,especiallyincasesthatseemtoindicateanarrowingofculturaldifferencesamongpeoples.PhenomenasuchasMcDonald'sandCokeColahavemetwithsuccessaroundtheworld,butthisdoesnotmeanthattheworldisbecomingwesternized.Modernizationandwesternizationarenotatallthesame,ascanbeseeninSaudiArabia,forexample.Understandingmannersandcustomsisespeciallyimportantinnegotiations,becauseinterpretationsbasedonone'sownframereferencemayleadtoatotallyincorrectconclusion.Universalrespectisneededincross-culturalnegotiation.Tonegotiateeffectivelyabroad,alltypesofcommunicationshouldbereadcorrectly.Americansofteninterpretinactionandsilenceasnegativesigns.Asaresult,JapaneseexecutivestendtoexpectthattheirsilencecangetAmericanstolowerpricesorsweetenadeal.EvenasimpleagreementmaytakedaystonegotiateintheMiddleEastbecausetheArabpartymaywanttotalkabutunrelatedissuesordosomethingelseforawhile.TheaggressivestyleofRussiannegotiatorsandtheirusuallast-minutechangerequestsmaycauseastonishmentandconcernonthepartofill-preparednegotiators.পஹChangesoccurringinmannersandcustomsmustbecarefullymonitored,especiallyincasesthatseemtoindicateanarrowingofculturaldifferencesamongpeoples.PhenomenasuchasMcDonald'sandCokeColahavemetwithsuccessaroundtheworld,butthisdoesnotmeanthattheworldisbecomingwesternized.Modernizationandwesternizationarenotatallthesame,ascanbeseeninSaudiArabia,forexample.Understandingmannersandcustomsisespeciallyimportantinnegotiations,becauseinterpretationsbasedonone'sownframereferencemayleadtoatotallyincorrectconclusion.Universalrespectisneededincross-culturalnegotiation.Tonegotiateeffectivelyabroad,alltypesofcommunicationshouldbereadcorrectly.Americansofteninterpretinactionandsilenceasnegativesigns.Asaresult,JapaneseexecutivestendtoexpectthattheirsilencecangetAmericanstolowerpricesorsweetenadeal.EvenasimpleagreementmaytakedaystonegotiateintheMiddleEastbecausetheArabpartymaywanttotalkabutunrelatedissuesordosomethingelseforawhile.TheaggressivestyleofRussiannegotiatorsandtheirusuallast-minutechangerequestsmaycauseastonishmentandconcernonthepartofill-preparednegotiators.ᫀ(2),Changingmannersandcustomsshouldreceivecarefulattentionininternationalbusiness.A.B.ᔲᫀA(3)^ThesuccessofMcDonald'sandCokeColaindicatesthattheworldhasbeenwesternized.A.B.ᔲᫀB
11ভஹAmericansconsiderdoingnothingandkeepingsilentasasignofdisagreement.A.B.ᔲᫀA(5)ஹArabbusinessmentendtoconcentrateonbusinessduringtheprocessofnegotiation.A.B.ᔲᫀB(6)ஹTonegotiateeffectivelyabroad,wearesupposedtobaseinterpretationsonourownframereference.A.B.ᔲᫀB89ஹInparticular,theyprotectnewindustriesuntiltheyareabletotrulycompete.A.locallyB.nationallyC.internationallyD.universallyᫀC90ஹGeorgeRigbyisparticularlyworriedthatthegovernmentwillnotrecognizetheproductasbeingworthyofapatent.A.B.ᔲᫀB91ஹThegovernmentprovidesfinancialsupportforSunpowertodevelopsolarpanelproducts.A.B.ᔲᫀB92>Importquotas,embargoes,andotherrestrictionsaretypicallyjustifiedasbeingneededtoprotectanation'seconomy,industries,citizens,orsecurity.A.B.ᔲᫀA93ஹFinancialmanagementconsistsofthoseactivitiesthatareconcernedwithobtainingmoneyandusingiteffectively.Short-termfinancingismoneythatwillbeusedforoneyearorless.Althoughtherearemanyshort-termneeds,cashflowandinventoryaretwoproblemsthatdeservespecialattention.Long-termfinancingismoneythatwillbeusedformorethanoneyear.Suchfinancingmayberequiredforstartingabusiness,expansion,new-productdevelopment,orreplacementofproductionfacilities.Properfinancialmanagementcanensurethatmoneyisavailablewhenitisneededandthatitisusedefficiently,inkeepingwithorganizationalgoals.Afinancialplanbeginswiththeorganization'sgoalsandobjectives.Nextthesegoalsandobjectivesare'translated*intobudgetsthatdetailexpectedincomeandexpenses.Fromthesebudgets,whichmaybecombinedintoanoverallcashbudget,thefinancialmanagerdetermineswhatfundingwillbeneededandwhereitmaybeobtained.Thefourprincipalsourcesoffinancingaresalesrevenue,equitycapital(derivedfromthesaleofcommonandpreferredstock),debtcapital,andproceedsfromthesaleofassets.Oncetheneededfundshavebeenobtained,thefinancialmanagerisresponsibleforensuringthattheyareproperlyused.Thisisaccomplishedthroughasystemofmonitoringandevaluatingthefirm'sfinancialactivities.
12(l)^Financialmanagementconsistsofthoseactivitiesthatareconcernedwithobtainingmoneyandusingiteffectively.Short-termfinancingismoneythatwillbeusedforoneyearorless.Althoughtherearemanyshort-termneeds,cashflowandinventoryaretwoproblemsthatdeservespecialattention.Long-termfinancingismoneythatwillbeusedformorethanoneyear.Suchfinancingmayberequiredforstartingabusiness,expansion,new-productdevelopment,orreplacementofproductionfacilities.Properfinancialmanagementcanensurethatmoneyisavailablewhenitisneededandthatitisusedefficiently,inkeepingwithorganizationalgoals.Afinancialplanbeginswiththeorganization'sgoalsandobjectives.Nextthesegoalsandobjectivesare'translated'intobudgetsthatdetailexpectedincomeandexpenses.Fromthesebudgets,whichmaybecombinedintoanoverallcashbudget,thefinancialmanagerdetermineswhatfundingwillbeneededandwhereitmaybeobtained.Thefourprincipalsourcesoffinancingaresalesrevenue,equitycapital(derivedfromthesaleofcommonandpreferredstock),debtcapital,andproceedsfromthesaleofassets.Oncetheneededfundshavebeenobtained,thefinancialmanagerisresponsibleforensuringthattheyareproperlyused.Thisisaccomplishedthroughasystemofmonitoringandevaluatingthefirm'sfinancialactivities.ᫀ(2)ஹShort-termfinancingismoneythatwillbeusedfornomorethantwoyears.A.B.ᔲᫀBবஹMoneyusedtosettlecashflowandinventoryproblemsisusuallylong-termfinancing.A.B.ᔲᫀB(4)ஹAfinancialplanbeginswiththeorganizationplan.A.B.ᔲᫀB(5)ஹTherearethreeprincipalsourcesoffinancing,suchassalesrevenue,equity,debtcapital.A.B.ᔲᫀB(6)ஹFinancialmanagementconsistsofthoseactivitiesthatareconcernedwithobtainingmoneyandusingiteffectively.A.B.ᔲᫀA94>Limitedpartnershipsdon'thaveanyadvantagesoverotherbusinessforms.A.B.ᔲᫀB95>Corporationstendtopresentmorefinancialrisksthansoleproprietorshipsdo.A.B.ᔲᫀB96>Brandingstrategiesareusedtoassociate(ornotassociate)particularproductswithexistingproducts,producers,orintermediaries.
13A.B.ᔲᫀA97ஹIfmarketersaretoservethisvastandaffluentmarketeffectively,theymustbeawareofbothconsumerspendingpatternsandspendingtrends.A.⃩├Gᕒ⌕ᨵᦔᙢv*F▎yᐶḄRSᑮ¡ὅḄ¡£mz¡¤¥B.⃩├Gᕒ¦⌕ᨵᦔᙢv*F§ᜧy©ªḄ«¡ὅḄ¡£mz¡¤¥ᫀB98>MichaelCharlesfoundedTheCreaselessCompanyhavingidentifiedagapinthemarketthatnoothercompanyhadattemptedtosatisfy.A.¬®•°®±²³´ᨵ%F◤µ(¶·ᨵᐸR¸¹º» ¼⊡*¾¿“ÁᢚÔ¸¹B.¬®•°®±¾¿c·ᨵᢚÃḄ¸¹ÅUR²³Æ·ᨵᐸR¸¹»Ç}~Ḅ%Fµ(ᫀA99ஹThemarketsegmentationapproachdirectsamarketingmixatasegmentofamarket.A.B.ᔲᫀA100ஹThechoiceisseeminglyendless,withatypicalsuperstorestockingbetween20,000and25,000differentlinestotalingbetweentwoandfourmillionproductsperstore.A.⌱ÉÊËÁÌÁÍḄ%cᐺÏḄÐÑÒ20,000ᑮ25,000ÓᖪÔÕÖ×200Øᑮ400ØÙB.⌱ÉÊËÁÚḄ%cᐺÏḄÐÜcÝḄBÕÑÒᙠ2Øᑮ2.5ØᩩßḄàbáÕâᙠ200Øᑮ400ØᩩbáᫀA101^InordertohelpAmericanfirmsremain,theU.S.governmentrestrictsthenumberofJapaneseautomobilesthatcanbeimportedintothiscountry.A.competitiveB.productiveC.operativeD.profitableᫀD102ஹManagersareconcernedwithfourtypesofresources-material,financial,human,andinformational.A.B.ᔲᫀA103ஹStrategiesarethenmonitoredandevaluatedthroughmarketingresearchandthemarketinginformationsystem,whichstoresandprocessesinternalandexternaldatainaformthatisconducivetomarketingdecisionmaking.A.ᯠäå ⃩├Ẇçz⃩├èéêër⃩├ìᶍ'sîïzðñòóêëLᨵᑭ*⃩├ôìḄlmÒõzᜐᳮᑁùᦪûB.ᯠäå üẆz⃩├èéêërᡊᶍ'sîþzðñLᨵᑭ*ôìḄlmÒõzᜐᳮᑁùzùᦪû
14ᫀA104>skillsaretheabilitiestothinkintheabstract,todiagnoseandanalyzedifferentsituations,andtoseebeyondthepresent.A.TechnicalB.HumanrelationsC.ManagerialD.ConceptualᫀD105ஹImplementationofthemarketingconceptbeginsandendswithmarketinginformationaboutcustomers-firsttodeterminewhatcustomersneed,andlatertoevaluatehowwellthefirmismeetingthoseneeds.A.⃩├ᳮÿḄᡝḄ⃩├ᑮ✌ᐜᡝḄ◤ᯠ ◤Ḅ!"B.$%⃩├ᭆ'Ḅ()*ᑖ᪆-Ḅ⃩├./0120Ḅ—✌ᐜ*4-Ḅ◤ᨬ6*4 ᙠ8ᜧ:;< =-Ḅ◤>?ᫀAB106>OthercompaniesmovefromcontentpublishingtocommercialtransactionsastheyuseWebtechnologiestotransactbusinesselectronicallyatthewholesaleorretaillevel.Butjustlikeyinandyang,thetwopathsgettheirgreatestpowerwhentheyarebroughttogether.And,eventually,organizationsthathavepursuedeitherofthetwopathsbeginlookingatthepaththeydidn'tchoose.Thosewhochosetodeveloptransactionsfirstwanttodifferentiatethemselvesbyaddingpersonalizedsupportandservice.Andtheyrecognizetheopportunitytointegratebusinessprocessesbeyondorderprocessingtomanufacturing,thesupplychainandtoadministration.Conversely,organizationsthatbeganbydevelopingserviceandsupportfunctionsdecidetoleveragetheircapabilityintodirectsales.Theyalsowanttointegratethesesystemswiththerestoftheirbusinessprocesses.OrganizationsthatintegrateWeb-basedserviceandsupportcapabilitieswithpersonalizedtransactioncapabilities,businesslogistics,andadministrationbecomefullydevelopede-businesses.Theycancompletelyredefinehowtheyconductbusinesstoachievesuperiorcompetitiveadvantage.(l)^OthercompaniesmovefromcontentpublishingtocommercialtransactionsastheyuseWebtechnologiestotransactbusinesselectronicallyatthewholesaleorretaillevel.Butjustlikeyinandyang,thetwopathsgettheirgreatestpowerwhentheyarebroughttogether.And,eventually,organizationsthathavepursuedeitherofthetwopathsbeginlookingatthepaththeydidn'tchoose.Thosewhochosetodeveloptransactionsfirstwanttodifferentiatethemselvesbyaddingpersonalizedsupportandservice.Andtheyrecognizetheopportunitytointegratebusinessprocessesbeyondorderprocessingtomanufacturing,thesupplychainandtoadministration.Conversely,organizationsthatbeganbydevelopingserviceandsupportfunctionsdecidetoleveragetheircapabilityintodirectsales.Theyalsowanttointegratethesesystemswiththerestoftheirbusinessprocesses.OrganizationsthatintegrateWeb-basedserviceandsupportcapabilitieswithpersonalizedtransactioncapabilities,businesslogistics,andadministrationbecomefullydevelopede-businesses.Theycancompletelyredefinehowtheyconductbusinesstoachievesuperiorcompetitiveadvantage.>?ᫀAফஹThetwopathsofE-businessesare.
15A.YinandYangB.contentpublishingandcommercialtransactionsC.wholesaleandretail>?ᫀAB(3)ஹEventually,organizationsthathavepursuedeitherofthetwopathsbeginlookingatthepaththeydidn'tchooseprobablybecause.A.theybelievethepaththeydidn'tchoosewillbebetterB.theywanttoseeifthepaththeydidn'tchoosewillbebetterC.theyrealizethatthetwopathsgettheirgreatestpowerwhentheyarebroughttogether>?ᫀAC(4)ஹThosewhochosetodeveloptransactionsfirstwantto.A.differentiatethemselvesbyaddingpersonalizedsupportandserviceB.focusonorderprocessingallthetimeC.turntomanufacturingonceandforall>?ᫀAA(5)ஹOrganizationsthatbeganbydevelopingserviceandsupportfunctionsdecideto.A.giveupthesefunctionsB.focusonthesefunctionsC.leveragetheircapabilityintodirectsales>?ᫀAC(6)ஹFullydevelopede-businessesareorganizationsthat.A.beganbyWeb-basedserviceandsupportcapabilitiesB.focusondevelopingpersonalizedtransactioncapabilitiesC.integrateWeb-basedserviceandsupportcapabilitieswithpersonalizedtransactioncapabilities,businesslogistics,andadministration>?ᫀAC107sConsumersusedisposableincometobuygoodsandservicesthatbestsatisfytheirneeds.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAB108>Althoughexchangerateschangedaily,mostoftenthevalueofacurrencychangesgraduallyandcyclically,risingforaperiodoftimeandthenperhapsdroppingbeforerisingagain.A.Fᯠᑭ᳛Iᜩ(ᙠKᓄMᨬNOḄ!")PQḄRS⌲UᕜWឋᙢKᓄᙠZ[\ᑁ<ᓣᯠ_`ᙠab<ᓣcdefB.ghi᳛Iᜩ(ᙠKᓄ,MᨬNOḄ!")kPQḄRSl⌲UᙢஹᕜWឋᙢKᓄᙠZ[\ᑁ<ᓣᯠmnᯠa<ᓣ>?ᫀAB109>Mostemployeesacquirenewskillsthroughon-the-jobtrainingonly.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAB110ஹTheAsia/Pacificeconomyisapowerhousewaitingtohappen.A.opqr)stuvwḄvᵯyB.opqr)z{|uvḄ}~>?ᫀAB111>ThestructureoftheAmericanRedCrossisnotasgoodasthatoftheUniversityofMinnesota.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAB
16112>ThegoodChinesemanagerlistenstotheworkersandtakestheiropinionintoaccount,uptoa.A.degreeB.levelC.wayD.point>?ᫀAD113>Economistsrecognizefourdegreesofcompetitionamongsellers.Rangingfrommosttoleastcompetitive,thefourdegreesare:purecompetition,monopolisticcompetition,oligopoly,andmonopoly.A.qr.ᓬc\ᙠk:;Ḅᢥ;ᑮᑖ)Aஹᚘஹᜮᚘ1ᚘB.qrᑮᓬc\ᙠk:;Ḅᨬᐹ}ᑮᨬᐹ} s:;ᑖ)Aஹᚘஹᜮᚘ1ᚘ>?ᫀAA114>Furthermore,AOLishavingtroublenegotiatingtheshiftfromdial-uptobroadbandconnections.Ithasonlya5%shareinbroadband,inpartbecauseithasaninterestinnotmovingitscustomerstooquickly:AOLmakes$10profitamonthfromtheaveragedial-upcustomer,butlessthanhalfthatfrombroadbandcustomers.Yetthisleavesanopeningforcompetitors.Microsinparticular;isinvestingseriousmoneytogetbroadbanddistributionforitsMSNonlineservice.IfAOL'snewbosscannotturnthingsround,itmaybespunoff.Butevenifthenewleadersucceeds,AOLwillremainseveralpegsbelowwhereitwasjustaflerthemerger;fromnowon,itwillbemerelyapartofabigmediagroup.Themanagementshake-uphasputtheInternetinitsplace.Ratherthanturningtheworldonitshead,thewebisturningouttobeonlyanextradistributionandmarketingchannel.Withthehypeandsuperlativesnowgone,themerger-andthesearchforsynergiescanbegininearnest.(1)ஹFurthermore,AOLishavingtroublenegotiatingtheshiftfromdial-uptobroadbandconnections.Ithasonlya5%shareinbroadband,inpartbecauseithasaninterestinnotmovingitscustomerstooquickly:AOLmakes$10profitamonthfromtheaveragedial-upcustomer;butlessthanhalfthatfrombroadbandcustomers.Yetthisleavesanopeningforcompetitors.Microsoft,inparticular;isinvestingseriousmoneytogetbroadbanddistributionforitsMSNonlineservice.IfAOL'snewbosscannotturnthingsround,itmaybespunoff.Butevenifthenewleadersucceeds,AOLwillremainseveralpegsbelowwhereitwasjustaflerthemerger;fromnowon,itwillbemerelyapartofabigmediagroup.Themanagementshake-uphasputtheInternetinitsplace.Ratherthanturningtheworldonitshead,thewebisturningouttobeonlyanextradistributionandmarketingchannel.Withthehypeandsuperlativesnowgone,themerger-andthesearchforsynergiescanbegininearnest.>?ᫀA(2),AOLisunwillingtoshiftfromdial-uptobroadbandconnections.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAB(3)^IfallofAOL'sdial-upcustomersareturnedintoitsbroadbandcustomers,AOLwillsuffergreatlossinprofit.A.)B.ᔲ
17>?ᫀAA(4)ஹMicrosoftisinvestingbigmoneytogetbroadbanddistributionforitsMSNonlineservice.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAAমஹAOL'sstatusinthegroupwillinevitablydecline.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAA(6)ஹAOLhasfailedinitsattemptstocompletelychangetheoldTimeWarner.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAA115^ChinesemanagersdelegatefarlessthantheirWestern.A.managersB.friendsC.colleaguesD.counterpart>?ᫀAD116>TransnationalcompanieswillcontinuetolocateinChinaforapotentiallygrowingmiddleclassthatprosperitywillbringandtotakeadvantageofthelargeworkforce.A. ᙠᙠḄḄ¡▤£ ¤ᩭ¦₫¨ᑭᵨᜧ~ª«}B, ᙠnᡝᙠᑭᵨ¬ᜧª«}Ḅ[®᪗ᢣᔣqr¦₫²⌼´ḄµᜧḄ¡▤¶>?ᫀAB117^Decision-makinginChineseorganizationstendstobeautocratic.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAA118^Oureconomicsystemisthusamixedeconomy-capitalismcutwithsomesocialism.A.·4ᡃ¹Ḅqrº»)k¼ᔠqr¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄlÀÁᒘÆᩭB.·4ᡃ¹Ḅqrº»)k¼ᔠḄqr¾¿ÀÁÇᩖ=ÄlÀÁ>?ᫀAB119ஹMoneypaidforimportsandexports(balanceoftrade)makesupformuchofthebalanceofpayments.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAB120>Theynotethatprotectionismreducescompetitionanddrivesuppricestoconsumers.A.ɹᢣÊËÌÀÁÍÎ=Ï=ÐÑὅḄRÓB.ɹᢣÊËÌÀÁÍÎ=Ï=ÐÑὅÔÕḄRÓ>?ᫀAB121NThelatestpointofinSunpoweristhemarketingofthenewproducts.A.contentionB.viewC.discussionD.arguement>?ᫀAA
18122ஹMostoften,abusinessthatisoperatedtosatisfyitscustomersearnsareasonableprofit.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAA123>Eachcomponentmustitsownpurposewhilesimultaneouslyfittinginwiththeothers.A.playB.fulfillC.meetD.satisfy>?ᫀAB124ஹInourrealeconomy,sellersdoexertsomecontroloverpricing,primarilythroughproductA.competitionB.promotionC.classificationD.differentiation>?ᫀAD125^TheofthefactorysystemduringtheIndustrialRevolutionbroughtwithitmassproductionandspecializationoflabor.A.arrivalB.inventionC.expansionD.rise>?ᫀAD126ஹIndevelopingamarketingstrategy,atargetmarketischosenthroughthetotalmarketapproachorthemarketsegmentationapproach.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAA127^Companiesdealinginternationallymustwatchexchange-rateclosely,sincesuchchangesaffectdemandfortheirproduct.A.developmentsB.situationsC.alterationsD.fluctuations>?ᫀAD128ஹAtariffrestrictsthetotalnumberofproductsofacertaintypethatcanbeimportedintoacountry.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAB129>Theeuromonetaryunitcouldbethetoapotentialglobalmonetaryunitinthesecondhalfofthe21stcentury.A.presidentB.preludeC.prefaceD.precursor>?ᫀAD130>MarketandMarketingThebusinessusesthemarkettoselltothecustomer.AmarketismuchmorethanthetownsquarewheretradersplyÖq⃩×theirgoodsØitisaplacewherebuyersmeetsellers.Ashoeshopiswheresellerofshoeswillmeetbuyerofshoes.Incertaincircumstancesthemarketislesseasytodefine-whenshoppingiscarriedoutacrosstheInternet,
19forexample,themarkethasnolongeraphysicalspacelikeashop.However,theInternetfulfilsthedefinitionofamarketinthatitallowsbuyerstomeetsellers.Marketingislikelytobethefirstpartofbusinessactivityencountered,throughadvertisingontelevision.AlthoughthereismuchmoretomarketingthanjustTVadvertising,billionsofpoundsarespenteachyearonproducingcatchyÖὡÚ`ÛḄ×attractive,provocativeÖÜÝឋḄ×advertisements,theobjectofwhichistoenticeÖÞIß×customerstopurchasetheproduct.Marketingismuchwiderthanadvertising;itinvolvestheprocesswhichidentifieswhatcustomerswant,thendevisesastrategywhichwillsatisfythosewants.ThemainframeofthestrategyisaconceptcalledthefourPs-product,price,place distributionandpromotion. 1ஹMarketandMarketingThebusinessusesthemarkettoselltothecustomer.AmarketismuchmorethanthetownsquarewheretradersplyÖq⃩theirgoodsØitisaplacewherebuyersmeetsellers.Ashoeshopiswheresellerofshoeswillmeetbuyerofshoes.Incertaincircumstancesthemarketislesseasytodefine-whenshoppingiscarriedoutacrosstheInternet,forexample,themarkethasnolongeraphysicalspacelikeashop.However;theInternetfulfilsthedefinitionofamarketinthatitallowsbuyerstomeetsellers.Marketingislikelytobethefirstpartofbusinessactivityencountered,throughadvertisingontelevision.AlthoughthereismuchmoretomarketingthanjustTVadvertising,billionsofpoundsarespenteachyearonproducingcatchyÖὡÚ`ÛḄ×attractive,provocativeÖÜÝឋḄ×advertisements,theobjectofwhichistoenticeÖÞIßcustomerstopurchasetheproduct.Marketingismuchwiderthanadvertising;itinvolvestheprocesswhichidentifieswhatcustomerswant,thendevisesastrategywhichwillsatisfythosewants.ThemainframeofthestrategyisaconceptcalledthefourPs-product,price,place distributionandpromotion.>?ᫀAফஹBuyersandsellersconducttheirbusinessinatownsquarenow.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀABবஹTheInternetcancreateamarketfortransactions.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAA 4ஹTelevisionistheonlymediaforadvertisingcampaign.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAB 5ஹMarketingistheprocessthatdefineshowlargethemarketwillbe.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAB 6ஹThefourPsconceptincludesproduction,price,placeandpromotion.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAB131>Thecallcentersarelikelytoformthebasisofthefutureofmarketing,althoughthereislittleevidencethattheywillwork.A.)B.ᔲ>?ᫀAA
20132ஹTheshirtwasdesignedsothatitpackedintoitsowncasebybeingfoldedinacertainwayandthelittlecasepreventeditfrombeingcreased.A. áâ⊟qäå*ÃkæçᢚéêᐭᓫíḄîïðñ*■/óB. ôâõḄäå) ᪵Ḅ÷ø*Ãkæçᢚéù_*êúûüḄýðñþÿ ■ᫀA133ஹSocial,cultural,economic,andlegaldifferencesmayrequiremodificationofelementsofthemarketingmix-theproductanditspromotion.A.speciallyB.especiallyC.namelyD.probablyᫀB134ஹTheyalsociteitasacauseoffrictionbetweennations.A.᥅ Ḅ !B."# $%&'(᥅ Ḅ !ᫀB135^Marketingreceivedmuchattentionupto1920s.A.$B.ᔲᫀB136ஹSmallbusinessesalsofacespecialmarketingchallengesiftheyaretosurviveandgrow.A.*+⌕-(./'01☢3Ḽᱯ6Ḅ⃩├ᢧᡊB.*+;⌕☢<ᱯ6Ḅ⃩├=⚪1@AB⌕(.'0ḄCᫀA137^Theremayalsohavebeendiscussionswithministries,localofficialsandtheguanxiwang.A.literalB.lateralC.horizontalD.paralellᫀB138ஹMarketsareclassifiedconsumerandindustrialmarkets.A.inB.toC.forD.asᫀD139ஹExxonCorporation,theworld'slargestmineraldepositsoilcompany,makesuseofawideofnaturalresources.A.varietyB.arrayC.rankD.rangeᫀA140>Theneedformoreandmorebusinesstravelinhisjobwithamajoroilcompanyhadnecessitatedendlessovernightstopsinhotels.A.DEF ᜧHIJKL1ᵫFNO◤⌕1QRSᦪUᩭUW1ᨵYZᐸᦪḄ\]^
21`ᙠb✂defB.ᙠ ᜧHIJKLḄNO◤⌕UᩭUWḄᖪhbi1!jY`Yᙠb✂dklkᙢf\ᫀA141^Consumersalsodislikethesynthesizedvoicewhichasksyoutopresscertainnumbersonthekeypad,dependingontheservicerequired.A.noὅ;Yqrᔠᡂuv1⌕wx᪷zᡠ◤Ḅ|hᢥ~ḄᱯBᦪB.ᵨᡝ᪷zᡠ◤|h⌱ᦪᢥḄᔠᡂuv;⛳noὅᔢᫀB142>Personalpropertyisallpropertyrealproperty.A.besidesB.otherthanC.morethanD.exceptforᫀB143ஹOnceanewproductideaisgenerated,itgoesdirectlyintoconcepttesting.A.$B.ᔲᫀB144ஹIBM,forexample,hastypicallyundergoneatleastaminorstructuralabouteveryfiveyears.A.repairB.overhaulC.overturnD.correctionᫀB145ஹAfirm'smarketingprogrammustbeadaptedtoforeignmarketstodifferencesinthebusinessenvironmentsandtargetmarketsfromnationtonation.A.beresponsibleforB.answerforC.makeupforD.accountforᫀD146ஹCandidatesformanagementpositionslearntheirskillsandrolesinlowerlevelswithintheorganization,inotherorganizations,andinschoolsanduniversities.A.$B.ᔲᫀA147ஹEvenfree-marketeconomiesoftenusesomeformofquotaand/ortariffthataffectsthepricesandquantitiesofforeign-madeproductsinthosenations.A.ᓽ$ᵫ;ᵨḄ//ᡈᐵ1 ¡¢£¤¥¦§ᑴ⌼«¬ᙠᐵ®¯Ḅ°±/ᦪ²B.ᓽ$ᵫ;ᵨḄ//ᡈᐵ1¦§ ¡Ḅᑴ⌼«¬Ḅ°±/ᦪ²ᫀA148>Threeaspectsoforganizationalstructureareespeciallyimportantincorporateculture.A.decidingB.definingC.determiningD.decodingᫀc
22149>Stillothersjustifyprotectionisminthenameofnationalsecurity.A,ᨵ ¡³´ᐰḄ¶·#¢£¸·¹£B.ᨵ ¡³´ᐰḄ¶·#¢£¸·ºᫀA150ஹEqualemploymentopportunityandequalpaylawsforbiddiscriminationthatbasedonlegitimatejobrequirements.A.exceptB.besidesC.butD.otherthanᫀD151^Wideswingsinexchangeratesareveryrare.A.$B.ᔲᫀA152ஹManagementstylesrangefromautocratictodemocratictofree-rein.A.$B.ᔲᫀA153sSomerecentsurveyshavesuggestedthatChinesemanagersbelievethattravelingandmeetingsaretheleastimportantoftheirjobs.A.waysB.areasC.typesD.aspectsᫀD154ஹMiddlemanagersareusuallyresponsibleformakingstrategiesandmajorpolicies.A.$B.ᔲᫀB155ஹDotcomDownsizingFromTheEconomist,July27“12002,p.63WhenAmericaOnlineandTimeWarnerannouncedtheirmergerinJanuary2000,attheheightoftheInternetboom,thismega-marriageofnewtechnologyandoldmediawasenthusiasticallyreceived.Theworld'sbiggestonlineservicewasexpectedtoinjectits'InternetDNA'intothestodgymediagiant.Togethertheywouldcomeupwithallsortsoflucrativesynergiesand'cross-fertilization'.EvenTheEconomistwasexcited:'Foronce,thesuperlativesandthehypeseemjustified,'weopined.Howwrongwewere-as,itmustbesaid,wasalmosteverybodyelse.OnJuly18thBobPittman,thecompany'sbiggestcheerleader;resigned,havingfailedtoturnroundtroubledAOL.TimeWarnerveteransarenowfirmlyincontrolofthemediaconglomerate.DonLogan,theformerchairmanofitsmagazinegroup,willnowoverseeAOLasoneoftwo'groupchairmen'.Attemptstocreatesynergies,mostlyill-fatedsofar,arenolongerapriority.Thegroup'sdivisionscanagainmoreorlessmindtheirownbusiness,justasattheoldTimeWarner.(1)>DotcomDownsizingFromTheEconomist,July27",2002,p.63WhenAmericaOnlineandTimeWarnerannouncedtheirmergerinJanuary2000,attheheightoftheInternetboom,thismega-marriageofnewtechnologyandoldmediawasenthusiasticallyreceived.Theworld'sbiggestonlineservicewasexpectedtoinjectits'InternetDNA'intothestodgymediagiant.
23Togethertheywouldcomeupwithallsortsoflucrativesynergiesand'cross-fertilization'.EvenTheEconomistwasexcited:'Foronce,thesuperlativesandthehypeseemjustified/weopined.Howwrongwewere-as,itmustbesaid,wasalmosteverybodyelse.OnJuly18thBobPittman,thecompany'sbiggestcheerleader;resigned,havingfailedtoturnroundtroubledAOL.TimeWarnerveteransarenowfirmlyincontrolofthemediaconglomerate.DonLogan,theformerchairmanofitsmagazinegroup,willnowoverseeAOLasoneoftwo'groupchairmen'.Attemptstocreatesynergies,mostlyill-fatedsofar,arenolongerapriority.Thegroup'sdivisionscanagainmoreorlessmindtheirownbusiness,justasattheoldTimeWarner.ᫀ(2)>AmericaOnlineandTimeWarnerinJanuary2000.A.gotmarriedB.mergedC.cooperatedᫀBবஹThemainstreamattitudetothismega-marriagecanbebestdescribedas"A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.indifferentᫀBভஹTheEconomistthoughtthemerger.A.wouldn'tlast.B.wasastonishing.C.deservedallpraiseᫀc(5)ஹBobPittman,thecompany'sbiggestcheerleader,resignedaboutafterthemerger.A.1yearB.2yearsC.2yearsandahalfᫀCযஹThemediaconglomeratenow.A.iscontolledbypeoplefromAOLB.givesprioritytocreatingsynergiesC.hasfailedtotransformtheoldTimeWarnerᫀC156ஹBenefitsprogramsmayincreaseemployeesatisfactionbutareamajorexpensetobusinessestoday.A.$B.ᔲᫀA157>Mostpeoplegetmanagerialskillsthroughacyclicalprocessofeducation,experience,moreeducation,andthenmoreexperience.A.$B.ᔲᫀA158ஹProductsareclassifiedaccordingtotheiruse.A.ultimateB.finalC.finiteD.definiteᫀA159>Whenthechainofcommandisnotclearintheorganizationalstructure,manydifferentkindsofproblemscanresult.A.$B.ᔲ
24ᫀA160ஹManagerswhoapplythisprincipleandtherightemployeetotherightjobproducesatisfied,effectiveworkers.A.chooseB.hireC.matchD.relateᫀC161^Middlemanagerscarryoutstrategies,policies,anddecisionsastheyworkwithandsuperviseemployees.A.$B.ᔲᫀB162ஹInlookingatorganizationalculturesweneedtothinkintwodimensions,generatingfourquadrants.A.$B.ᔲᫀA163^Buyingbehaviorconsistsofthedecisionsandactionsofpeopleinvolvedinbuyingandusingproducts.A.$B.ᔲᫀA164ஹAnation'sbalanceoftradeisthedifferencebetweenthevalueofitsexportsandthevalueofitsimports.A.$B.ᔲᫀA165^TheBeltandRoadInitiativeisawayforwin-wincooperationthatpromotescommondevelopmentandprosperityandaroadtowardpeaceandfriendshipbyenhancingmutualunderstandingandtrust,andstrengtheningall-aroundexchanges.TheChinesegovernmentadvocatespeaceandcooperation,opennessandinclusiveness,mutuallearningandmutualbenefit.Itpromotespracticalcooperationinallfields,andworkstobuildacommunityofsharedinterests,destinyandresponsibilityfeaturingmutualpoliticaltrust,economicintegrationandculturalinclusiveness.TheBeltandRoadrunthroughthecontinentsofAsia,EuropeandAfrica,connectingthevibrantEastAsiaeconomiccircleatoneendanddevelopedEuropeaneconomiccircleattheother;andencompassingcountrieswithhugepotentialforeconomicdevelopment.TheSilkRoadEconomicBeltfocusesonbringingtogetherChina,CentralAsia,RussiaandEurope(theBaltic);linkingChinawiththePersianGulfandtheediterraneanSeathroughCentralAsiaandWestAsia;andconnectingChinawithSoutheastAsia,SouthAsiaandtheIndianOcean.The21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadisdesignedtogofromChina'scoasttoEuropethroughtheSouthChinaSeaandtheIndianOceaninoneroute,andfromChina'scoastthroughtheSouthChinaSeatotheSouthPacificintheother.(1)>TheBeltandRoadInitiativeisawayforwin-wincooperationthatpromotescommondevelopmentandprosperityandaroadtowardpeaceandfriendshipbyenhancingmutual
25understandingandtrust,andstrengtheningall-aroundexchanges.TheChinesegovernmentadvocatespeaceandcooperation,opennessandinclusiveness,mutuallearningandmutualbenefit.Itpromotespracticalcooperationinallfields,andworkstobuildacommunityofsharedinterests,destinyandresponsibilityfeaturingmutualpoliticaltrust,economicintegrationandculturalinclusiveness.TheBeltandRoadrunthroughthecontinentsofAsia,EuropeandAfrica,connectingthevibrantEastAsiaeconomiccircleatoneendanddevelopedEuropeaneconomiccircleattheother;andencompassingcountrieswithhugepotentialforeconomicdevelopment.TheSilkRoadEconomicBeltfocusesonbringingtogetherChina,CentralAsia,RussiaandEurope(theBaltic);linkingChinawiththePersianGulfandtheediterraneanSeathroughCentralAsiaandWestAsia;andconnectingChinawithSoutheastAsia,SouthAsiaandtheIndianOcean.The21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadisdesignedtogofromChina'scoasttoEuropethroughtheSouthChinaSeaandtheIndianOceaninoneroute,andfromChina'scoastthroughtheSouthChinaSeatotheSouthPacificintheother.ᫀ(2)ஹTheBeltandRoadInitiativeseekstopromotecommondevelopmentandprosperity.A.$B.ᔲᫀA(3)>WithinthefreamworkoftheBRI,all-aroundexchangesamoungcountriescanbestrangthened.A.$B.ᔲᫀAভஹBRIcountriesareexpectedtoenhancemutualunderstandingandtrustbyeliminatingdifferences.A.$B.ᔲᫀBমஹThe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadisdesignedtogofromChina'scoasttoEuropethroughtheSouthChinaSeaandtheIndianOcean,whichistheonlyroutetoconnectChinaandEurope.A,$B.ᔲᫀB(6)^TheBeltandRoadrunthroughthecontinentsofAsia,EuropeandAmerica.A.$B.ᔲᫀB166>Businessesthatuseatotalmarketapproachdesignasinglemarketingmixanddirectitattheentiremarketforaparticularproduct.A.ᵨᐰ¿ÀḄ*+ÁZᓫ Ḅ⃩├Ãᔠ1Ä&ᢣÆᱯB«¬ḄB.ᵨ¿ÀḄ*+ÁZᓫ Ḅ⃩├Ãᔠ1Ä┐<ᱯB«¬ḄÉi⃩├ᫀB167ஹThereislittlebuck-passingandprocrastinationinWesternorganizations.A.$B.ᔲᫀB
26168ஹThisregionwillbeahighlycompetitiveforceinthiscentury.A. ᙢÊᙠËÌÍÎ$ ÏÐeÑÒḄÓ²B.ᙠËÌÍ1 ᙢÊÎᡂ#ᐹÑÒÓḄÓ²ᫀB169>Toachieveafirm'smarketingobjectives,marketing-mixstrategiesmustbeginwithanassessmentofthemarketingenvironment,whichinturnwillinfluencedecisionsaboutmarketing-mixingredients.A.#Ö×KLḄ⃩├Ø᪗1⃩├ÃᔠÚᶍḄᑴBÜÝÞF⃩├ßáâ1ã⃩├ßáâäfᩭåΦ§⃩├Ãᔠ᪀ᡂḄBB.#Ö×KLḄ⃩├Ø᪗1⃩├ÃᔠÚᶍÜÝçáâ⃩├ßèÞ1 äfᩭΦ§⃩├ÃᔠᩞᧇḄëÚᫀB170>personnelmaybehighlymotivatedandfitinwellbutmanytendtorepriseoldideas.A.In-doorB.At-homeC.In-houseD.In-placeᫀC171ஹWhenmakingbuyingdecisions,consumersfirstdeterminetheirproblem need,thencollectasmuchinformationastheythinknecessarybeforeactuallymakingapurchase.A.ᙠìQíîëBï1noὅ✌ᐜBḄò⚪ó◤wô1ᯠöᙠÖ▭íî&øùúᦈü"#Ü⌕ḄýþB.ëBíîï1noὅ✌ᐜBḄò⚪ó◤wô1ᯠöᙠÖ▭íî&øᦈü"#Ü⌕ḄýþᫀA172ஹSoleproprietorshipsoffertheownergreatfreedomandareeasytoform.A.$B.ᔲᫀA173ஹThebasicabusinessusestoproducegoodsandservicesarecalledfactorsofproduction.A.waysB.mannersC.resourcesD.facilitiesᫀC174>Yourdonorswillhavehealthierprofitsandcangivemoretoyourcause.A.largelyB.greatlyC.substantiallyD.extensivelyᫀC175^Theworldnowseemstohavethreemajoreconomies-NorthAmerica,Europe,andAsia/Pacific.A.Ìÿ ᙠᨵ⌕ᓅஹᙢB. ᙠᨵ⌕ᑴ ᓅ ஹ ᫀ"A
27176ஹGovernmentcollectstaxesfrombusinessesandhouseholdsandusestaxrevenuestopurchasetheresourcesandproductswithwhichtoprovideitsservices.A.$%ᔣ'()*+,-.ᑭᵨ,ᦈ234567ᡠ◤Ḅ;<=>B.$%ᔣ'()*ᦈ,-.ᑭᵨ,ᦈ23;<ஹ=>67 ᫀ"A177Aquotadoesnotaffactthepriceoftheimportedproduct.A.?B.ᔲ ᫀ"B178^Managershiredawayfromotherfirmsmaybringnewideasbutmayexistingemployees.A.upsetB.alienateC.isolateD.separate ᫀ"B179ஹWhenbusinessesneedtohirenewmanagers,theyalwaysfindthematcollegesanduniversities.A.?B.ᔲ ᫀ"B180ஹTobespecific,theyneedtoimprovetheregion'sinfrastructure,andputinplaceasecureandefficientnetworkofland,seaandair.A.routesB.roadsC.passagesD.ways ᫀ"C181ஹThiseconomicrelationshipexpandsthemarketforanorganization'sproductsandservicesanditspotentialprofits.A.AᐵCᜧFGHḄ=>67IJKᐸMᙠᑭNB.AᐵCᜧFGHḄ=>67KᐸMᙠᑭNḄIJ ᫀ"A182Corporatecultureisthesharedexperiences,stories,beliefs,andnormsthatacompany.A.composeB.defineC.affactD.characterize ᫀ"D183ஹAfirmcanenterinternationalmarketsbylicensingaforeignfirmtoproduceandmarketitsproducts.A,?B.ᔲ ᫀ"A184ஹEveryinstitutionmustdevelopthemoststructureforitsownuniquesituation.A.desirableB.popularC.appropriateD.simple ᫀ"C
28185ஹVariousadditionalcostsinvolvedinforeignmarketingtendtoincreasethepricesof_________goods.A.importedB.exportedC.domesticD.foreign ᫀ"B186ஹInRussia,ifthereisaqueue,youareadvisedtojoinitasitmeansamanufacturerhasactuallyproducedsomething,regardlessofwhetherthereisaspecificneed.A.ᙠOPQ-SᨵTᑡ-VWXYᐭ[-\]A^ᕡḼᑴ⌼ᖪc▭efg=Fhij-klm?ᔲᨵᐹḄ◤⌕B.ᙠOPQ-SoᑮᨵqᙠT-VWXYᐭTs-\]A^ᕡḼtᑴ⌼ᖪfc▭g=Ft=>-uvX?ᔲᨵᐹḄ◤⌕-ᐜT3Fxy ᫀ"B187ஹBasedinDevon,itwasstartedbyfourengineerswhotheproductwithsomecheapmaterials.A.manufacturedB.researchedC.developedD.invented ᫀ"C188>Stockincorporationsistipicallyheldbyasmall,privategroup.A.?B.ᔲ ᫀ"B189ஹDecision-makingisanintegralpartofleading.A.?B.ᔲ ᫀ"B190Themostrecentshifthasbeentowardaglobaleconomicoutlookbusinessesproduceandmarketproductsandservicesaroundtheworldwithlittleregardfornationalboundaries.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where ᫀ"D191ஹTheglobalerapromisestobeamajorformanagersthroughoutthe1990s.A.choiceB.changeC.challengeD.chance ᫀ"C192>Evenifyourorganizationisnonprofitanddoesnottradeproductswiththesecountries,youareaffected.A.moreB.lessC.neverthelessD.likely ᫀ"C193>Theselectionphasetypicallyincludesinterviewing,testing,andthereferencesofapplicants.
29A.givingB.askingC.findingD.checking ᫀ"D194>HRManagersmustforecastsupplyanddemandforthetypesoflaborerstheywillneed.A.?B.ᔲ ᫀ"A195ஹBecausetechnologyisshrinkingtheworldtoavirtualcapacity,aglobalmediumofexchangewilleventuallybestandardized.A.ᵫ{|ᢈ ~ᙢᳫᩭ-ᡂḄ-ᐰᳫᵨḄᡂB.\]ᢈ ᙠᑮḄᘤ-ᐰᳫᣚᨬ᪗ᓄ ᫀ"A196ஹManagersfourbasicfunctions.A.executeB.controlC.performD.display ᫀ"C197^Generalpartnershipsaremerelyproprietorshipswithmultipleowners.A.?B.ᔲ ᫀ"A198ஹThesolutiontothisproblemwastobuyacompanycalledZenithClotheswhichcameupforsalefollowingtheretirementofitsowner.A.A⚪Ḅ¡?23)¢]ZenithClothesḄ£¤-A)£¤Ḅᡠᨵὅ⌨§¨©ª«¬B.A⚪Ḅᫀ?23)¢]ZenithClothesḄ£¤-ᐸὁ¯ °⌨§-⌕«¬£¤ ᫀ"B199ஹPricesmaybeestablishedbasedonsupply,demands,thecompetitions'prices,orsomecombinationofthese.A.?B.ᔲ ᫀ"B200>Inalaissez-fairecapitalistsystem,pricesaredeterminedbytheworkingsofsupplyanddemandincompetitivemarkets;andtheeconomicroleofgovernmentislimitedtoprotectingcompetition.A.ᙠ±ᵫ;²³C´-µ¶ᵫ·¸IJ´Ḅ5¹ᐵCº»$%Ḅ¼ᵨ½▲{¿À·¸B.ᙠ±ᵫÁÂḄ;²³ᑴ ´-µ¶ᵫ·¸IJ´Ḅ5¹ᐵCº»$%Ḅ¼ᵨÃ▲{¿À·¸ ᫀ"A201ஹPricesaredeterminedbytheofsupplyanddemand.A.relationshipB.mechanismC.workingsD.functions ᫀ"c
30202ஹTheymaintainthatwhilejobsinsomeindustrieswouldbelostifprotectionismceased,jobsinotherindustrieswouldexpandifallnationsabolishedtariffsandquotas.A.ÄÅÆ]-S¿À³ÇÈ-hÉ(ḄʼËÌÍÎÏ»ÐSᡠᨵÑ)ÒÓÔᐵ,ÕÖ-ᐸÄÉ(ḄʼËÌÍ×YB.ÄÅØᢝÆ]-ÚÛ᧕¿À³ÇÈ-hÉ(ḄÝ(ÞÍÎÏḄß-SᡠᨵÑ)ÒÓÔᐵ,ÕÖ-ᐸÄÉ(ḄÝ(ÞÍᜧ ᫀ"A203ஹThesuccessofthecompanyinthefirstfouryearsmeantthatthedirectorswerenowconsideringfloatingontheAlternativeInvestmentMarket,whichwouldallowthecompanyaccesstoamuchgreaterleveloffinancebybeingpartoftheStockExchange.A.£¤áâãḄᡂä^ᕡḼ-ℏæÅ ᙠçèὃ⇋ᙠëìᢗ;IJeI-A~£¤ᡂ]îᑶIJḄðᑖ-òkóôõö÷øḄù;B.ú£¤ᙠᜮâãḄᡂä^ᕡḼℏæÅ ᙠ ᙠὃ⇋ᙠëìᢗ;IJüý-A~ú£¤ᡂ]îᑶ᧕ᡠḄðᑖ-òkóôõö÷øḄù; ᫀ"A204>Employeeswhofailtomeetperformanceorbehaviorexpectationsmaybedisciplined,demoted,orterminated.A.continuallyB.occasionallyC.continouslyD.endlessly ᫀ"A205ஹCooperativescanbenefitacompanythroughincreasedpurchasingormarketingpower.A.?B.ᔲ ᫀ"A206Theamountoftimemanagersdevotetoeachoftheirfourbasicfunctionsisalwaysthesame.A.?B.ᔲ ᫀ"B207>InstitutionssuchasEximbankandtheInternationalMonetaryFundhavebeenestablishedtoprovidefinancingandincreaseworldtradeforAmericanandinternationalfirms.A.directlyB.immediatelyC.hardlyD.ultimately ᫀ"D208ஹThetypical(good)Chinesemanageroperatesinaverystyleandisfamiliarwithallaspectsofthebusiness.A.hand-onB.hand-inC.hand-offD.hand-out ᫀ"A209>Initiallythebusiness,byconcentratingonsales,wasnotalwaysmeetingthedeliverytargets.A.þÿ ᵫ├ ᑮ᪗B.ᨬ ├
31ᓾᑮ ᪗ ᫀ!B210>Organizationalcultureisshapednotonlybytechnologiesandmarkets,butbytheculturalofleadersandemployees.A.referencesB.originsC.identitiesD.preferences ᫀ!D211ஹOneconsequenceofautocraticdecision-makingisthatpeoplelowerdownthehierarchytendtobebadattakingresponsibility.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A212>Ifweasanationcanbecomemorecompetitive,wemaysolveourdomesticproblems.A.%ᡃ'()*+,-./01ᨵ345 ᡃ'6789ᡃ'Ḅ,ᑁ<⚪B.%ᡃ'()*+>?./01ᐹ345 ᡃ'67A89ᡃ'Ḅ,ᑁ<⚪ ᫀ!A213^Businessanalysisgeneratesinformationonthemarketabilityandoftheproposedproduct.A.feasibilityB.profitabilityC.stabilityD.reliability ᫀ!B214ஹTradebetweentheUnitedStatesandothernationsisincreasingindollarvaluebutdecreasingourshareoftheworldmarket.A.inviewofB.incaseofC.intermsofD.bywayof ᫀ!C215^Manyofthetaxespaidastradecrossesbordersarenolongerrequired,makingproductsmorecompetitiveandlessexpensive.A.normallyB.previouslyC.onceD.temporarily ᫀ!A216>ExxonCorporationacquireditscurrentnamein1862.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!B217ஹOliverParry,thefounder,isagainstmarketingthenewproduct.A,B.ᔲ ᫀ!B218>BusinesspeoplefocusedontheproductionofgoodsfromtheIndustrialRevolutionuntiltheearlytwentiethcentury,andonthesellingofgoodsfromthe1920stothe1950s.A.BC☩EᑮFᓝHI ᖪKL⌕BNᖪOPQ B20HI20RSᑮ50RS ᖪK
32L⌕BNᖪO├B.BC☩EᑮFᓝHI ᖪ-TᯖᖪOPQVB20HI20RSᑮ50RS W'XYTᯖᖪO├ ᫀ!B219^TheChina-PakistanEconomicCorridorandtheBangladesh-China-India-MyanmarEconomicCorridorarecloselytotheBeltandRoadInitiative.A.cofinedB.connectedC.restrictedD.related ᫀ!D220>Thefourengineersdiscussanddebateissuesfacingthecompany.A.constantlyB.regularlyC.usuallyD.endlessly ᫀ!B221^,anegativebalanceoftradeisconsideredunfavorable.A.OrdinarilyB.CommonlyC.GenerallyD.Typically ᫀ!C222^TheeconomicstrengthoftheEUhasthepotentialtogrowandbeaglobaleconomiccompetitor.A.feasibleB.viableC.livableD.lively ᫀ!B223^Honorthefirst,yourvisionoftruthsecond.A.hierarchyB.degreeC.levelD.scale ᫀ!A224ஹFor,silkroads,sometimescollectivelyreferredtoastheSilkRoad,broughtpeoples,goodsandideasintocontactwitheachother.A.millenniumB.millenniaC.millionD.millions ᫀ!B225>Afirm'smarketingmixisthecombinationofproduct,price,distribution,andpromotionthatitusestoreachatargetmarket.A.*+Ḅ⃩├[ᔠQO ]^ ᑖ├`a├Ḅ[ᔠ bᵨᩭᑮ*+᪗efB.ef⃩├[ᔠ*+)ᑮᐸ᪗efᡠiᵨḄQO ]^ ᑖ├`jkḄ[ᔠ ᫀ!B226ஹObtainingandusingmaterialresourcesandlaborrequirescapital,thefundsneededtoanenterprise.A.workB.manageC.purchaseD.operate ᫀ!D227>Countriesshouldworkinandmovetowardtheobjectivesofmutualbenefitandcommonsecurity.
33A.concertB.agreementC.harmonyD.integration ᫀ!A228ஹAmarketsegmentisagroupofindividualsororganizationswithinamarketthathavedifferentcharacteristicsandneeds.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!B229>Marketingcreatesplaceutilitybymakingproductsavailablecustomerswantthem.A.whenB.whereC.ifD.as ᫀ!B230>TheBeltandRoadInitiativeisinlinewiththepurposesandprinciplesoftheUNCharter.ItupholdstheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence:mutualrespectforeachother'ssovereigntyandterritorialintegrity,mutualnonaggression,mutualnoninterferenceineachother'sinternalaffairs,equalityandmutualbenefit,andpeacefulcoexistence.TheInitiativeisopenforcooperation.Itcovers,butisnotlimitedto,theareaoftheancientSilkRoad.Itisopentoallcountries,andinternationalandregionalorganizationsforengagement,sothattheresultsoftheconcertedeffortswillbenefitwiderareas.TheInitiativeisharmoniousandinclusive.Itadvocatestoleranceamongcivilizations,respectsthepathsandmodesofdevelopmentchosenbydifferentcountries,andsupportsdialoguesamongdifferentcivilizationsontheprinciplesofseekingcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferencesanddrawingoneachother*sstrengths,sothatallcountriescancoexistinpeaceforcommonprosperity.(1)ஹTheBeltandRoadInitiativeisinlinewiththepurposesandprinciplesoftheUNCharter.ItupholdstheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence:mutualrespectforeachother'ssovereigntyandterritorialintegrity,mutualnonaggression,mutualnoninterferenceineachother'sinternalaffairs,equalityandmutualbenefit,andpeacefulcoexistence.TheInitiativeisopenforcooperation.Itcovers,butisnotlimitedto,theareaoftheancientSilkRoad.Itisopentoallcountries,andinternationalandregionalorganizationsforengagement,sothattheresultsoftheconcertedeffortswillbenefitwiderareas.TheInitiativeisharmoniousandinclusive.Itadvocatestoleranceamongcivilizations,respectsthepathsandmodesofdevelopmentchosenbydifferentcountries,andsupportsdialoguesamongdifferentcivilizationsontheprinciplesofseekingcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferencesanddrawingoneachother'sstrengths,sothatallcountriescancoexistinpeaceforcommonprosperity. ᫀ!(2)^TheBeltandRoadInitiativehasthesamepurposesastheUNCharter.A,B.ᔲ ᫀ!B(3)ஹTheBeltandRoadInitiativewillfullyrespectthesovereigntyandterritorialintegrityoftherelatedcountries.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A
34ভஹOnlycountriesintheareaoftheancientSilkRoadarewelcometojointheBRI.A.B.ᔲᫀB(5)ஹBRIcountriesarefreetointerferenceineachother'sinternalaffairs.A.B.ᔲᫀB(6)ஹTheInitiativerespectsthepathsandmodesofdevelopmentchosenbydifferentcountries.A.B.ᔲᫀA231^Marketingcreatestimeutilitybymakingproductsavailablecustomerswantthem.A.whenB.whereC.ifD.asᫀA232^Internationaltradeisbasedon,wherebyeachcountryproducesthosegoodsandservicesthatitcanproducemoreefficientlythananyothergoodsandservices.A.specificationB.diversificationC.globalizationD.specializationᫀD233ஹManagersorganizeresourcesandactivitiestoaccomplishresultsinanefficientandeffectivemanner.A.B.ᔲᫀA234ஹWheneverpossible,however,manycompaniesprefertofillpositions,bypromotingexistingpersonnel.A.inwardlyB.insideC.internallyD.eternallyᫀC235ஹExxonalsoneedsthelandwheretheoilis,aswellaslandforitsrefineriesandpipelines.A.transportedB.refinedC.tappedD.locatedᫀD236ஹRealpropertyislandandanythingattachedtoit.A.temporarilyB.graduallyC.permanentlyD.deliberatelyᫀC237^Packagingprotectsgoodsandmarketingefforts.A.increasesB.enlargesC.extendsD.enhancesᫀD238^Beforethepriceofaproductcanbesetafirmmustdecidewhetheritsbasisforzcompetitionwillbeitslowpriceorsomenon-priceconsideration.
35A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A239>theproductitself,themarketingmixmustincludestrategiesforpricing,promoting,anddistributingtheproduct.A.InadditiontoB.ExceptforC.WithexceptiontoD.Incontrastto ᫀ!A240ஹFromtheviewpointofareaofmanagement,managersmostoftendealwiththeoffinance,operations,marketing,humanresourcesandadministration.A.businessesB.positionsC.purposesD.functions ᫀ!D241^Allofthesetypesofcorporatecultureare"types".A.unrealisticB.imaginaryC.theoreticalD.ideal ᫀ!D242Leadershipstylesincludetheauthoritarian'doitmyway'style,thelaissez-faire'doityourway'style,andthedemocratic'let'sdoittogether'style.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A243ஹFilmsmadeintheUnitedStateshavecontinuedtosweeptheglobe.Accordingtothelistof1998'smostsuccessfulmoviesputtogetherbyVarietymagazine,U.S.filmstookthetop39places;Britain'sTheFullMontycameinatnumber40.Asaconsequence,Britishmovie'smarketsharefellto14percentofthehomemarket,whiletherespectivefiguresforFrenchfilmswere27percentinFranceand10percentforGermanfilmsinGermany.TheEuropeanUnion'stradedeficitwiththeUnitedStatesinfilmsandtelevisionisannuallybetween$5billionand$6billion.SeveralofHollywood'smostsuccessfulmovieshavedrawnfrominternationalresources.ThreeMenandaBabywasaremakeofFrenchcomedy.TotalRecallwasmadepartlybyFrenchmoney,wasdirectedbyaDutchmanandstarredanAustrian.TheEnglishPatientwasdirectedbyaBriton,shotinItaly,andstarredFrenchandBritishtalent.ThequestfornewideasandfreshtalenthasleadstudiostodevelopsubsidiariesinEurope:SONY'SbridgeinLondon,MiramaxinBerlin,andWarnerBrothersbothinBerlinandParis.(1)>FilmsmadeintheUnitedStateshavecontinuedtosweeptheglobe.Accordingtothelistof1998'smostsuccessfulmoviesputtogetherbyVarietymagazine,U.S.filmstookthetop39places;Britain'sTheFullMontycameinatnumber40.Asaconsequence,Britishmovie'smarketsharefellto14percentofthehomemarket,whiletherespectivefiguresforFrenchfilmswere27percentinFranceand10percentforGermanfilmsinGermany.TheEuropeanUnion'stradedeficitwiththeUnitedStatesinfilmsandtelevisionisannuallybetween$5billionand$6billion.SeveralofHollywood'smostsuccessfulmovieshavedrawnfrominternationalresources.ThreeMenandaBabywasaremakeofFrenchcomedy.TotalRecallwasmadepartlybyFrenchmoney,wasdirectedbyaDutchmanandstarredanAustrian.TheEnglishPatientwasdirectedbyaBriton,shotinItaly,andstarredFrenchandBritishtalent.Thequestfornewideasandfresh
36talenthasleadstudiostodevelopsubsidiariesinEurope:SONY'SbridgeinLondon,MiramaxinBerlin,andWarnerBrothersbothinBerlinandParis. ᫀ!(2)ஹAmericanfilmshavecontinuedtospreadquicklyallovertheworld.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!AবஹBritishfilmsaccountedfor14percentintheAmericanmarketin1998.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!BভஹThreeMenandaBabywasacomedyproducedinFrance.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!BমஹTheEUexportsmoremoviestothanitimportsfromtheUSannually.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!B(6)ஹSomeoftheAmericanfilm-makershavedevelopedintotransnationalcorporations.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A244ஹTotalqualitymanagementisthecoordinationofeffortsdirectedatimprovingcustomersatisfaction,increasingemployeeparticipationandempowerment,formingandstrengtheningsupplierpartnerships,andfacilitatinganorganizationalatmosphereofcontinuousqualityimprovement.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A245>Althoughthetwoaredifferent,companiesspendbillionsofpoundsonmarketresearchwithaviewtotargetingthepotentialcustomerinamorepreciseway.A.opqὅᨵᡠs tuᙠefwxyz{ᦪᓝ}~╏ A1 ᙢ┝ᙠᡝB.opqὅᨵᡠs tuᙠefwxyz{ᦪᓝ}~╏ A)᪵7A1 ᙢ┝ᙠᡝ ᫀ!A246ஹThebiggeracompanyis,themorecomplexitsstructurebecomes.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!B247Afirmthatdoesnotintroducenewproductstoreplaceproductswilleventuallyfail.A.oldB.existingC.growingD.declining ᫀ!D248ஹExternalstaffingrequiresthecompanyfirsttorecruitapplicantsandthentoselect
37thoseapplicants.A.inbetweenB.outofC.fromamongD.insideout ᫀ!C249Supportersarguethattariffsandquotasprotectdomesticfirmsandjobs.A.ᢝὅ)ᐵ`,ᑁ`C(B.ᢝὅ)ᐵ`,ᑁ`6 ᫀ!B250>Becausethiswasanichemarket,andthePackedShirt,asitwascalled,retailedat£50,themajorclothingretailerswereinterestedinonlyafewproductsatatime.A.)*+ef Y(QOḄ)Ḅ¢]^)50~╏ ᡠAL⌕Ḅ£¢ᖪ*¤¥¦§ᢇ©ª B.)*+ᑭ¬ef YᡭᒹḄ bᡠ¯Ḅ A£50¢ ᔜᜧ£¢ᖪ*¤¥²³ᦪQO´ᐶ¶ ᫀ!A251^Andfromthisbeginning,throughtheIndustrialRevolutionoftheearlynineteenthcentury,tothephenomenalexpansionofAmericanindustryinthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,ourgovernmentmaintainedanessentiallylaissez-faireattitudetowardbusiness.A.B*·¸ ᔊºᓝ»HIḄC☩E ᑮᓝ»HI`FᓝHI¼½,CḄ¾KÀ ᡃ'ḄÁ²ᖪ¬ÃyᢝḼÅᵫÆÇḄÉB.B+·¸ ÊË19HIḄC☩E ᑮ19HI`20HI½,CḄÌÍÀ ᡃ'ḄÁ²ᖪᢝ¬ÃyÅᵫÆÎḄÉ ᫀ!A252>Anexchangerateistheratethecurrencyofonenationcanbeexchangedforthatofanothernation.A.whichB.forwhichC.bywhichD.atwhich ᫀ!D253ஹthemarketingconcept,marketersstrivetoearnprofitsfortheirfirmsbyidentifyingandmeetingtheneedsofbuyers.A.WithregardtoB.InkeepingwithC.BymeansofD.Forthesakeof ᫀ!B254>WhatworksforTexasInstrumentswillnotworkfortheU.S.DepartmentofJustice.,thestructureoftheAmericanRedCrosswillnotworkforUnionCarbideortheUniversityofMinnesota.A.LikelyB.AlikeC.LikewiseD.Liking ᫀ!C255>AlthoughsimilartotheGNP,thegrossdomesticproduct(GDP)isthetotaldollarvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedbycitizensphysicallylocatedwithinacountry.A.,ᑁPQÏ(gdp)ÐᯠÒgnpÓÔ tb*+,-Ḅ>ᡠPQḄᡠᨵᖪO`£
38Ḅ½ᐗÏB.ÐᯠÒ,>PQÏÖÔ t,ᑁPQÏ*+,-ᑁḄ>PQḄᡠᨵᖪO`£Ḅ]Ï ᫀ!B256ஹThelifecycleofeveryproducttypicallyinvolvesfourstages-introduction,growth,maturity,anddecline.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A257^Sunpowerisunderthepressureofcapitalshortage.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A258ஹabusinessmayinvolvehiringfromoutsidethecompany.A.StaffingB.StuffingC.EmployingD.Deploying ᫀ!A259>Exchangeratesareusuallyfixed.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!B260'Controllingistheprocessofmonitoringthefirm'sperformanceinordertomakesureitstaysontracktowardsitsgoals.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A261>Ontheoppositesideofthecoin,therelationshipresultingfromNAFTAoffersjobstopeopleinCanadaandMexicothatonceweretotheUnitedStates.A.exclusiveB.exceptionalC.specialD.confidential ᫀ!A262Inkeepingwiththecontingencyapproach,mostmanagersadapttheirmanagementstyletofitthespecificsituation.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A263ஹDecision-makinginChinacanberemarkablyquickorremarkablyslow.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A264ஹThemovementofexchangeratescanhaveaveryimportantimpactonthebalanceoftrade.A.Ø᳛ḄÚÛܲÝ᧕ß⊝QPáâã⌕ḄäåB.Ø᳛Ḅ/Ûܲ,▭Ý᧕çQPáâè℉Ḅäå ᫀ!B
39265^Weneedtoestablishanetworkoffreetradeareasthathighstandards.A.followB.keepC.meetD.reach ᫀ!C266>Aproductmixisagroupofsimilarproductsmarketedbyafirm.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!B267^Ageneraleconomicperformancemeasureisgrossnationalproduct(GNP),whichisthetotaldollarvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedbyallthecitizensofacountryforagivenperiodoftime.A.*êḄºë⊤Ìᢣ᪗,>PQÏ(GNP),b*+,-ᡠᨵ>ᙠ*îᑁPQḄᡠᨵᖪO`£Ḅ]ÏB.*êºë⊤ÌḄ⊝©᪗,ᑁPQÏ(GNP) b*+,-ᡠᨵ>ᙠ*îᑁPQḄᡠᨵᖪO`£Ḅ½ᐗÏ ᫀ!A268>ExxonCorporationwasestablishedbyJohnD.RockefellerandMuriceB.Clarkin1973.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!B269ஹHarrodsreceiveddeliveriesof1,000shirtspermonth!A.regularlyB.hardlyC.commonlyD.strictly ᫀ!A270>Successfulmarketingmixescreatebetweenbuyersandsellers.A.balanceB.equalityC.confidenceD.exchanges ᫀ!D271>Finally,manyeconomicsystemsneedentrepreneursto.A.manageB.controlC.functionD.perform ᫀ!C272ஹWithinthelifecycleofaproduct,itssalesandprofitabilityincrease,peak,andthendecline.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A273ஹInmostcases,corpoationsaredirectlyrunbytheboardofdirectors.A,B.ᔲ ᫀ!B274ஹDuringthesalesandmarketingeras,businessescontinuedtopreferthecorporateform.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A
40275>Abusinesscanattractandkeepqualifiedpersonnelbypayingitsworkersaswellasorbetterthancompetitorsdo.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A276ஹEachofthesecomponentshasadistinctbutmustalsoworkinharmonywiththeothers.A.positionB.purposeC.featureD.application ᫀ!B277ஹNevertheless,thereisnotmuchaboutallthis;theleadermakesthedecisionsandtheemployeesareexpectedtocarrythemoutexactly.A.demostrationB.discussionC.opinionD.democracy ᫀ!D278>Managersmustleadandmotivateotherstoinspirethemtoworkinthebestinterestoftheorganization.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A279>Michaelrememberssmilinginwardlyattheofthesituation.A.satireB.sarcasmC.ironyD.ridicule ᫀ!C280ஹWhatwehavelearnedisthatwhilebusinessesdonotfollowexactlythesamepath,theirseparatejourneyshaveseveralcommonfeatures.PerhapsthemostcommonapproachistobeginwithsimpleContentPublishing.Thisiswhenacompanyestablishesahomepageandbeginstoprovideinformationtocustomers-andtheworldatlarge-throughthatpage.Thetypeofinformationpublishedmightincludeproductcatalogues,companynewsandinformation,andotherinformationthathelpsthecustomerunderstandmoreabouttheorganization.Thisisoftenthefirststeptowardbecomingane-business.TheveryactofmovingabrandtotheInternetrequiresconsiderationofavarietyoffactorsjiketheresponsivenessofthesite,andtherelativeeaseofnavigationofthesite.Itisimportanttomakeagoodfirstimpressionoryourbrandisatstake-anditmakessensetoensureitisagoodone.Thenextstepformanyenterprisesistofocusondeliveringcustomizedsupportandservicetoemployees,customers,partners,andsuppliers.ThisrequiresanevolutionfromstatictodynamicWebpagesthatprovideanswersfromadatabasetospecificcustomerrequests.ThisisoftenfollowedbybuildingcollaborativecapabilitieswithproductslikeLotusNotesandDominotolinkemployees,suppliers,andothersinavaluenet.Thus,electroniccommunitiesarecreatedthatparticipateininformationexchange,workcollaboration,andsupportandservicefunctions.(l)^Whatwehavelearnedisthatwhilebusinessesdonotfollowexactlythesamepath,theirseparatejourneyshaveseveralcommonfeatures.PerhapsthemostcommonapproachistobeginwithsimpleContentPublishing.Thisiswhenacompanyestablishesahomepageand
41beginstoprovideinformationtocustomers-andtheworldatlarge-throughthatpage.Thetypeofinformationpublishedmightincludeproductcatalogues,companynewsandinformation,andotherinformationthathelpsthecustomerunderstandmoreabouttheorganization.Thisisoftenthefirststeptowardbecomingane-business.TheveryactofmovingabrandtotheInternetrequiresconsiderationofavarietyoffactorsjiketheresponsivenessofthesite,andtherelativeeaseofnavigationofthesite.Itisimportanttomakeagoodfirstimpressionoryourbrandisatstake-anditmakessensetoensureitisagoodone.Thenextstepformanyenterprisesistofocusondeliveringcustomizedsupportandservicetoemployees,customers,partners,andsuppliers.ThisrequiresanevolutionfromstatictodynamicWebpagesthatprovideanswersfromadatabasetospecificcustomerrequests.ThisisoftenfollowedbybuildingcollaborativecapabilitieswithproductslikeLotusNotesandDominotolinkemployees,suppliers,andothersinavaluenet.Thus,electroniccommunitiesarecreatedthatparticipateininformationexchange,workcollaboration,andsupportandservicefunctions.ᫀফஹAllbusinesses.A.followexactlythesamepathB.haveseveralcommonfeaturesintheirseparatejourneysC.soonerorlaterbecomee-businessesᫀB(3)ஹContentPublishingis.A.establishingahomepageB.providinginformationtocustomersC.whenacompanyestablishesahomepageandbeginstoprovideinformationtocustomersthroughthatpageᫀC(4)ThetypeofinformationpublishedthroughthecompanyhomepagemightincludeA.productcataloguesofthecompanyB.salaryofeveryemployeeC.homeaddressesofcompanyexecutivesᫀA(5)^TheveryactofmovingabrandtotheInternetDOESNOTrequireconsiderationof.A.theresponsivenessofthesiteB.therelativeeaseofnavigationofthesiteC.thenumberofpageviewsᫀCযஹDeliveringcustomizedsupportandservicetoemployees,customers,partners,andsuppliersrequires.A.staticWebpagesB.dynamicWebpagesC.electroniccommunitiesᫀB281ஹUndertheidealconditionsofpurecompetition,anindividualsellerhasdefinitecontroloverthepriceofitsproducts.A.B.ᔲᫀB282ஹIndividualsmaymanagerialskillsinmanyways.A.studyB.absorbC.acquireD.train
42 ᫀ!C283ஹHethereforedecidedtorespondtotheseproblemsbyexpandingintoretailing.A.ï W9ÊËᜧ¢ᩭð²ñ<⚪B.ï W9ÊËᔣ¢Àᩭð²ñ<⚪ ᫀ!B284ஹInourveryrecognitionof"types"thereisatemptationtooversimplifywhatisreallyquiteA.oddB.commonC.difficultD.complex ᫀ!D285>TheUSGovernment'sroleinbusinesshasexpandedcontinuallysincetheGreatDepression.A.B.ᔲ ᫀ!A286ஹTheyarguethatanationmustbeabletoproducegoodsneededforitssurvivalineventofwarandthatadvancedtechnologyshouldnotbesoldtopotentialenemies.A.W') *+,-óô.ᙠᡊ4öPQP÷ᡠ◤ḄᖪO ᐜªᢈûðüᙠḄýKB.W') *+,-óô.PQᙠᡊ4öP÷ᡠ◤ḄQO ᐜªḄᢈûðþᓬ ᙠḄᫀB287ஹDecisionsareusuallymadebyoneindividual,theowner/manager/director;andinA.personB.privateC.privacyD.publicᫀB288ஹThefactorsofproductionincludenaturalresources,labor;resources,capital,andentrepreneurs.A.B.ᔲᫀA289>Technicalskillsareassociatedwithperformingtaskswithintheorganization.A.specializedB.specialC.generalD.specificᫀA290ஹRecentgraduatesofferafreshperspectivebutexperiencetobecomegoodmanagers.A.reduceB.acquireC.requireD.commandᫀC291^Compensationprogramsdonotincludewagesandsalariesforworkers.A.B.ᔲ
43ᫀB292ஹCost-andcompetition-basedpricingaremorecomplexthandemand-basedpricing,whichconsidersadditionalmarketingfactorsinthepricingprocess.A.B.ᔲᫀB293ஹInthecircularflowthatcharacterizesourbusinesssystem,householdsandbusinessesexchangeresourcesforgoodsandservices,usingmoneyasthemediumofexchange.A.ᙠᡃᖪᱯḄ !"#$%&'(ᣚ*+ ᵨ-.(ᣚᖪ/!01B.ᙠᡃᖪḄ !"ᵨ$%&'(ᣚ*+ 2-.(ᣚ'ᖪ/!01ᫀA294>Marketingistheprocessofplanningandexecutingtheconception,pricing,promotion,anddistributionofideas,goods,andservicestocreateexchangesthatsatisfyindividualandorganizationalobjectives.A.34⃩├7ᑜ9:;ᭆ=ஹᖪ/!01Ḅ᪀?ஹ@AஹBC!ᑖ├ #E⌼GHI!JKL᪗Ḅ(᧕ḄOPB.34⃩├Qᑜ!Sᭆ=ஹ@AஹT├!?Uஹᖪ/!01ḄᑖVḄOP #E⌼GHI!JKL᪗Ḅ(ᣚᫀA295ஹAlltariffsineffecttodayareprotectionisttariffsmeanttodiscouragetheimportofaparticularproduct.A.B.ᔲᫀB296^Alargeorganization,suchasBoeingorHewlettPackard,requiresabetterstructurethanasmallservicefirm,likeavideorentalstoreorbarbershop.A.B.ᔲᫀB297>Atsea,theInitiativewillfocusonjointlybuildingsmooth,secureandefficientroutesconnectingmajorseaportsalongtheBeltandRoad.A.trafficB.communicationC.transportD.transportationᫀC298ஹDecision-makingisanpartofamanager'swork.A.additionalB.externalC.internalD.integralᫀD299ஹSunPowerisasmallplasticsmanufacturer.A.B.ᔲᫀB
44300>Managers'owneffectivenessoftendependsontheirstylesofleadership.A.B.ᔲᫀA301>Despitelossesinthefirstyearasthebusinesswasdevelopingtheproductandthedirectorswereontheroadtryingtogainbusiness,therewasanencouragingreactionfrommostretailers,especiallyairportshops.A.WXYZ[\]ᙠ^_`/#aℏcdefg1hijk lᜧnᦪpqᖪ rᐸt4ᖪuḄvwxyzB.WXYZ[\]ᙠ^_`/hjk ℏc{ᙠdefg1 lᜧnᦪpqᖪḄvwxyz rᐸt4ᖪuᫀA302ஹLand,water,mineraldeposits,andtreesaregoodofnaturalresources.A.choicesB.examplesC.samplesD.selectionsᫀB303>Althoughthebusinessbeganasapartnership,witheachpartnerputting£5,000intothebusiness,afteronlysixmonthstheyconvertedthepartnershipintoalimitedcompany.A.WX\]ᨬ}ᔠ" Iᔠi-5000╏ lO6Iᨴ 2\]ឋᔠ"'ᨵ▲\]B.WX⚗1#ᔠ^Ḅ Iᔠ£5000ᐭ" Iᨴᔠ"ᡂZ ᨵ▲\]ᫀA304ஹInmostcases,corporationsaredirectlyrunbythestockholders.A.B.ᔲᫀB305ஹLeadingactivitiesinvolveinteractionsbetweenmanagersandtheirbosses.A.B.ᔲᫀB306ஹThisprocessinvolvesastudyofthecurrentsituation,selectionofaresearchmethod,collectionofdata,analysisofdata,andpreparationofareportthatincludesrecommendationsforaction.A.ZOPaḄஹẆ¡Ḅ⌱£ஹᦪ¤Ḅᦈ¦ஹᦪ¤Ḅᑖ᪆#aᒹ©S ª«Ḅ¬Ḅ®ᜓB.ZOPaḄẆஹẆ¡Ḅ⌱£ஹᦪ¤Ḅᦈ¦ஹᦪ¤Ḅᑖ᪆#aᒹ©S ª«Ḅ¬Ḅ°ᑏᫀB307ஹManagersmustcontrolongoingactivities,throughcontinualevaluationandregulation,tokeeptheorganizationoncourseasitpursuesitsgoals.A.B.ᔲᫀA
45308ஹInareportwrittenbytheresearchcompanyBusinessIntelligence,50%ofcompaniesfeltthattheirmarketingcommunicationswereineffectiveand85%saidthatanyattempttogaincustomerloyaltyfailed.A.ᙠZ²ᵫᖪ´µẆ\]¶ᑏḄ¬ 50%Ḅ\]·'Ḅ⃩├¸¹ºᦔḄ 85%Ḅ\]¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃᡝÅ:ḄÆ¿ÇᜫÉB.ᙠẆ\]ᖪ´µ(BI)¶ᑏḄZ²¬ 50%Ḅ\]·'Ḅ⃩├ʸºᦔ 85%Ḅ\]⊤Ì ½¾ÁÂÃᡝÅÍÎḄÆ¿ÇᜫÉᫀB309Anexceptiontothisruleoccurswhenacustomerpurchasesgoodsbyusingancontract.A.installationB.installmentC.fullpaymentD.mortgageᫀB310ஹE-businessisabouttransformingbusinessprocessesandintegratingthemwithInternettechnologies.Whenanorganizationbecomesane-businessittransformsitsinteractionswithcustomers,suppliers,businesspartners,andemployees,andlinksthemtogetherusingtheInternet.Thebenefitscomefromthreeareas:First,theenterprisebecomesmoreproductive.Second,theenterpriseisabletodramaticallyimprovecycletimes.Third,theenterpriseisabletoextenditsreachtonewmarkets.Iamfascinatedbythewaythelogicofe-businessseemstoparallelthelogicoftraditionalChinesemedicine.TraditionalChinesemedicinetakesaholisticviewofthebody,viewingitasanintegratedsystem,whosedifferentpartsmustbekeptwell-connectedandinbalance.Inasimilarway,e-businessisaholisticlookattheenterprise.AndjustasChinesemedicinemakessurethattheflowofenergy-orchi-isfreeandinbalancethroughoutthehiddennervenetworkinthebody,e-businessesuseanetworkapproachtoensurethatcriticalbusinessfunctionsarelinkedandinformationisabletoflowefficiently.Overtheyears,IBMhasworkedwithmorethan10,000customersworldwidetohelpthembecomee-businesses.(1)>E-businessisabouttransformingbusinessprocessesandintegratingthemwithInternettechnologies.Whenanorganizationbecomesane-businessittransformsitsinteractionswithcustomers,suppliers,businesspartners,andemployees,andlinksthemtogetherusingtheInternet.Thebenefitscomefromthreeareas:First,theenterprisebecomesmoreproductive.Second,theenterpriseisabletodramaticallyimprovecycletimes.Third,theenterpriseisabletoextenditsreachtonewmarkets.Iamfascinatedbythewaythelogicofe-businessseemstoparallelthelogicoftraditionalChinesemedicine.TraditionalChinesemedicinetakesaholisticviewofthebody,viewingitasanintegratedsystem,whosedifferentpartsmustbekeptwell-connectedandinbalance.Inasimilarway,e-businessisaholisticlookattheenterprise.AndjustasChinesemedicinemakessurethattheflowofenergy-orchi--isfreeandinbalancethroughoutthehiddennervenetworkinthebody,e-businessesuseanetworkapproachtoensurethatcriticalbusinessfunctionsarelinkedandinformationisabletoflowefficiently.Overtheyears,IBMhasworkedwithmorethan10,000customersworldwidetohelpthembecomee-businesses.
46ᫀফஹE-businesstransforms.A.customersB.businesspartnersC.employeesD.businessprocessesᫀDবஹAne-businesslinksitscustomers,suppliers,businesspartners,andemployeestogetherbyA.adoptingtraditionalbusinessprocessesB.applyingbusinesstheoriesC.usingtheInternetD.developingnewtechnologiesᫀCভஹOneofthebenefitsofE-businessisthattheenterprise.A.becomesmoreprofitableB.isabletodramaticallylengthencycletimesC.isabletoexpenditsmarketshareD.extenditsreachtonewmarketsᫀD(5)ஹThewriterthinksthelogicofe-businessseemstothelogicoftraditionalChinesemedicine.A.bebetterthanB.benotsogoodasC.contrastwithD.besimilartoᫀDযஹThefollowingstatementsaretrueexcept.A.TraditionalChinesemedicineviewsthebodyasanintegratedsystem.B.E-businessesuseanetworkapproachtoensurethatcriticalbusinessfunctionsarelinked.C.Chinesemedicinemakessurethattheflowofenergy-orchi-isfreeandinbalancethroughoutthehiddennervenetworkinthebody.D.IBMhasemployedmorethan10,000customersworldwidetodevelope-business.ᫀD311ஹMarketresearchcanhelptoidentifytargetmarketsbystudyingconsumerbehaviorandattitudes.A.dailyB.socialC.buyingD.sellingᫀc312^Conductingajobanalysisenablesmanagerstocreatedetailed,job-relatedjobdescriptionsandspecifications.A.B.ᔲᫀA313ஹOnlythencanmanagersstrategiestomatchsupplywithdemand.A.devideB.displayC.deviseD.designᫀC314^Organizationalstructurecanbedefinedastheofthejobstobedonewithinabusinessandhowthosejobsrelatetooneanother.A.specificationB.specializationC.descriptionD.devisionᫀA
47315>smallimbalancesinthevalueofimportsandexportsforacountryarequitecommonandnotveryimportant.A.RelatedlyB.ConsiderablyC.LiterallyD.RelativelyᫀD316ஹHavinghadhisluggagethrownaroundbythebaggagecrewsatairports,hisshirtswereveryfrequentlycreased,whichaddedtothetimehehadtospendattheotherendofthejourneypreparingforhismeetings.A.SÏᙠᡲÑOP Òt4ÓÑÔᡮᩭᡮ× ØÂḄÙ⊟ÛÜÒÝÞ ßàᑮâLḄᙢäᜓå«ḄhæB.ᙠt4SÏᕒḄSÏᡮᩭᡮ× ḄÙèÛÜéÞ ßàᙠêPëZìäᜓå«ḄhæᫀA317sWithaworkingknowledgeofbusiness,youmaydecidetoopenyourownbusiness.A.ᨵᖪÑ⃩íî ïð#ñ@òóEB.ᨵᖪíî ïð#ñ@òó^ô1ᫀA318^Corporationsareownedbythosewhoholdstockinthecompany.A.B.ᔲᫀA319^Mostproductfailuresinadequateproductplanninganddevelopment.A.resultfromB.resultinC.areresultedfromD.areresultedinᫀA320ஹMarketingcanbemoresuccessfulwhenitistargetedtowardagreatervarietyofmarketsegments.A,B.ᔲᫀB321>Withthevastamountofinformationavailableoncustomers,findingoutexactlywhattheyrequireisquiteeasy.A.B.ᔲᫀB322ஹtheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)signedin1992,Mõco,theUnitedStates,andCanadaoperateasfreetradeeconomies.A.AsB.SinceC.ThroughD.WithᫀD323ஹPersonalincomeistheincomeanindividualreceives,lesstheSocialSecuritytaxesheorshemustpay.A.IᦈᐭIÁÂḄᦈᐭ ö÷ᡈúûüýḄþåÿ B.ᦈᐭᢣᡷ
48◀Ḅ Ḅᡠᫀ B324ஹStrategiesarethemostspecifictypeofplanthatamanagerusuallymakes.A.B.ᔲᫀ B325^Differentpurposes,missions,andstrategiesofbusinessesmayresultintheirdifferentstructures.A.B.ᔲᫀ A326>Anation'sbalanceofpaymentsisthedifferencebetweentheflowofmoneyintoandoutofthenation.A.B.ᔲᫀ A327ஹMarketingcreatesutilitybytransferringtheownershipofproductstobuyers.A.timeB.placeC.possessionD.exchangeᫀ C328NIninternationalmarketing,newproducts,pricesthatreflecthighertransportationcosts,culture-specificadvertising,andtheuseofforeignfirmstodistributetheproductmayallbenecessary.A.B.ᔲᫀ A329>Profitiswhatremainsafterallbusinessexpensesaredeductedfromsalesrevenue.A,B.ᔲᫀ A330ஹTheofthedecisionarethenannounced,usuallywithoutexplanation.A.discussionsB.consequencesC.reasonsD.resultsᫀ D331ஹSofar;though,thereisnoevidencethatAOLTimeWarner'saccountingwasunusuallyaggreasive.Nordoesthegroupseemtofaceafinancialcrunch.Itsmainproblems,lofnow,aremoreoperationalinnature.Themostimmediatechallengeforthenewmanagementteamistocalmthewatersinternally.ManyTimeWarnerveteransarestillangryattheAOLnewcomers,holdingthemresponsibleforafallinthesharepriceofmorethan75%sincethemerger.Conversely,AOLemployeesmaynotappreciatebeingorderedaroundbyold-mediatypes.MuchwilldependonwhomthefirmpicksasAOL'snewchiefexecutive,ajobthatMr.Pittmanhadtakenovertemporarily.Thenewbosswillhavehisworkcutout.AOLhassufferedfromtheadvertisingslowdownmorethanthegroup'sotherunits,mainlybecausemostofitsclientswere
49dotcoms.Worse,subscribergrowthhasslowed.Inthepasttwoyears,AOL'sshareoftheAmericanInternetaccessmarkethasslippedfrom41%to37%.(1)ஹSofar,though,thereisnoevidencethatAOLTimeWarner*saccountingwasunusuallyaggressive.Nordoesthegroupseemtofaceafinancialcrunch.Itsmainproblems,lofnow,aremoreoperationalinnature.Themostimmediatechallengeforthenewmanagementteamistocalmthewatersinternally.ManyTimeWarnerveteransarestillangryattheAOLnewcomers,holdingthemresponsibleforafallinthesharepriceofmorethan75%sincethemerger.Conversely,AOLemployeesmaynotappreciatebeingorderedaroundbyold-mediatypes.MuchwilldependonwhomthefirmpicksasAOL'snewchiefexecutive,ajobthatMr.Pittmanhadtakenovertemporarily.Thenewbosswillhavehisworkcutout.AOLhassufferedfromtheadvertisingslowdownmorethanthegroup'sotherunits,mainlybecausemostofitsclientsweredotcoms.Worse,subscribergrowthhasslowed.Inthepasttwoyears,AOL'sshareoftheAmericanInternetaccessmarkethasslippedfrom41%to37%.ᫀ (2)ஹAOLTimeWarnerisnowfacing.A.afinancialcrunchB.accusationsoffinancialfraudC.operationalproblemsᫀ CবஹThemostimmediatechallengeforthenewmanagementteamisto.A.calmdowntheinternaldisturbanceB.stopthecompanyfromloosingmoneyC.boosttheadvertisingmarketᫀ AভஹManyTimeWarnerveteransthinkthatAOLnewcomers.A.areresponsibleforthefallinthesharepriceofthecompanyB.areunabletoadapttotheold-mediatypesC.shouldallbedownsizedᫀ A(5)ஹMr.Pittmanhad.A.beenpickedasAOL'snewchiefexecutiveB.resignedfromAOLC.takentheplaceoftheformerchiefexecutiveforthetimebeingᫀ CযஹAOLhas.A.fewerandfewersubscribersnow.B.asmallershareoftheAmericanInternetaccessmarketthanithadtwoyearsagoC.sufferedfromtheadvertisingslowdownmorethanmostdotcomsᫀ B332>Atariffisataxchargedonimportedproducts.A.B.ᔲᫀ A333ஹThebalanceofimportsandexportsisnotaffectedbydifferencesintheexchangeratesofthetradingcountries.A.B.ᔲᫀ B
50334ஹTheBeltandRoadInitiativeisharmoniousandinclusive.Itadvocatestoleranceamongcivilizations,respectsthepathsandmodesofdevelopmentchosenbydifferentcountries,andsupportsdialoguesamongdifferentcivilizationsontheprinciplesofseekingcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferencesanddrawingoneachother'sstrengths,sothatallcountriescancoexistinpeaceforcommonprosperity.TheInitiativefollowsmarketoperation.Itwillabidebymarketrulesandinternationalnorms,giveplaytothedecisiveroleofthemarketinresourceallocationandtheprimaryroleofenterprises,andletthegovernmentsperformtheirduefunctions.TheInitiativeseeksmutualbenefit.Itaccommodatestheinterestsandconcernsofallpartiesinvolved,andseeksaconjunctionofinterestsandthe'biggestcommondenominator'forcooperationsoastogivefullplaytothewisdomandcreativity,strengthsandpotentialsofallparties.(1)ஹTheBeltandRoadInitiativeisharmoniousandinclusive.Itadvocatestoleranceamongcivilizations,respectsthepathsandmodesofdevelopmentchosenbydifferentcountries,andsupportsdialoguesamongdifferentcivilizationsontheprinciplesofseekingcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferencesanddrawingoneachother'sstrengths,sothatallcountriescancoexistinpeaceforcommonprosperity.TheInitiativefollowsmarketoperation.Itwillabidebymarketrulesandinternationalnorms,giveplaytothedecisiveroleofthemarketinresourceallocationandtheprimaryroleofenterprises,andletthegovernmentsperformtheirduefunctions.TheInitiativeseeksmutualbenefit.Itaccommodatestheinterestsandconcernsofallpartiesinvolved,andseeksaconjunctionofinterestsandthe'biggestcommondenominator'forcooperationsoastogivefullplaytothewisdomandcreativity,strengthsandpotentialsofallparties.ᫀ (2)TheBeltandRoadInitiativeexcludescountrieswithdifferentpathsandmodesofdevelopment.A.B.ᔲᫀ B(3)ஹTheInitiativewillnotignoretheinterestsorconcernsofanypartiesinvolved.A.B.ᔲᫀ A(4)ஹTheInitiativewillgiveprioritytoexertinggovernmentsfunctionsinresourceallocation.A.B.ᔲᫀ B(5)ஹTheInitiativewillfollowmarketrulesandinternationalnorms.A.B.ᔲᫀ A(6)ஹTheBRIcountriesareencouragedtogivefullplaytotheirwisdomandcreativity,strengthsandpotentials.A.B.ᔲᫀ A335>TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)andvariouseconomiccommunitieshavebeenformedtodismantletradebarriersandprovideanenvironmentinwhichinternationalbusinesscangrowevenfaster.A.B.ᔲ
51ᫀ A336ஹEntrepreneursarethosepeoplewhoaccepttheopportunitiesinsteadofrisksinvolvedincreatingandoperatingbusinesses.A.B.ᔲᫀ B337^Ingeneral,thetopersonalpropertyisexchangedwhenthepropertyispaidfor.A.rightB.ownershipC.titleD.authorityᫀ C338Silver,goldandlapislazuliwerefoundinwhatisnowIran,Irag,AfghanistanandthecentralAsianstates.A.inlargenumberB.ingreatamountC.inrichsupplyD.bygreatreserveᫀ C339ஹEventhoughthebusinessgrew,theunitcostsalsogrewbecausefrequentlythebusinesshadtoemployshort-haulcouriersduetothelackofdeliveryfacilities.A."#$%&'()*+,ᵫ./01234+$%56778ᵨ:⌶<⌴ᕒ+?@ᓫBᡂDEᙠ)GB.ᓽI&')*+ᓫBᡂDEᙠ)*+JKᵫ./L1M34+N&56778ᵨ:O<⌴ᕒᫀ A340ஹThetwoextremesofmarketingcanbesummarizedbylookingatthedifferencebetweentheEastandtheWest.A.PQRSTUᑖ᪆XYZ[\⃩├Ḅ_aB.⃩├Ḅ_aXYᭆcKQRSḄ7dᫀ A341^Managersmustidentifyproblems,comeupwithseveralpossiblesolutions,choosethesolutionthatwillbemosteffectiveunderthecircumstances,andfinallyimplementthechosencourseofaction.A.carefullyB.simplyC.accuratelyD.activelyᫀ c342>Indecidingwhetherabalancedoesordoesnotexist,economistsusetwo:balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.A.methodsB.toolsC.measuresD.scalesᫀ C343ஹAlocalelectricalbusinesswaswillingtomaketheconnectionsandleadswhichwouldlinkupwiththepanelsheetinginordertotheenergyintotheheatingsystemofahouse.A.transformB.translateC.transferD.transmitᫀ c
52344ஹChinesemanagerswouldratherspendmoretimedoing,assessingandevaluatinginformationandmakingdecisionsthantravelling.A.homeworkB.houseworkC.deskworkD.paperworkᫀC345ஹBusinessandMoneyAbusinessisacollectionofpeopleorresourcesinvolvedinprovidinggoodsorservicesforanenduser.Moneywillflowintoandoutofabusiness;ifthemoneywhichflowsinisgreaterthanthemoneywhichflowsout,thebusinesswillmakeaprofitandthereforehasthepotentialtogrow.Iftheoppositeisthecase,thebusinesswillneedathirdpartytoprovidefinancialsupport.Businessactivitycantakeplaceonlyifthereisenoughmoneyavailable.Inordertocarryouttransactionswithsuppliersofproductsandforcustomerstopay,theremustbeagenerallyacceptedmediumofexchange.Inthemiddleages,therewasabartereconomy,wheretransactionswerecarriedoutonlyinproducts,e.g.threebushelsofwheatforacow.Nowadays,companiesrarelycarrylargeamountsofcashatanyonetimeontheirpremises.Tominimizetheriskofholdinglargeamountsofcash,theyneedregularvisitstothebank.Moneyisfrequentlytransferredthroughbankaccountsviaacomputerandmanycustomersnowmakemostoftheirmajorpurchasesusingacreditcardordebitcard.পஹBusinessandMoneyAbusinessisacollectionofpeopleorresourcesinvolvedinprovidinggoodsorservicesforanenduser.Moneywillflowintoandoutofabusiness;ifthemoneywhichflowsinisgreaterthanthemoneywhichflowsout,thebusinesswillmakeaprofitandthereforehasthepotentialtogrow.Iftheoppositeisthecase,thebusinesswillneedathirdpartytoprovidefinancialsupport.Businessactivitycantakeplaceonlyifthereisenoughmoneyavailable.Inordertocarryouttransactionswithsuppliersofproductsandforcustomerstopay,theremustbeagenerallyacceptedmediumofexchange.Inthemiddleages,therewasabartereconomy,wheretransactionswerecarriedoutonlyinproducts,e.g.threebushelsofwheatforacow.Nowadays,companiesrarelycarrylargeamountsofcashatanyonetimeontheirpremises.Tominimizetheriskofholdinglargeamountsofcash,theyneedregularvisitstothebank.Moneyisfrequentlytransferredthroughbankaccountsviaacomputerandmanycustomersnowmakemostoftheirmajorpurchasesusingacreditcardordebitcard.ᫀফஹEverybusinessconsistsof.A.peopleandgoodsB.usersandresourcesC.acollectionofpeopleandresourcesᫀCবஹAbusinesscanmakeprofit.A.whenthemoneyflowsinismorethanwhatflowsoutB.asthebusinessisreadytogrowbiggerC.sincethebusinesspaysmoretothethirdpartyᫀA(4)ஹBusinessactivityneedstostart.A.correctdecision-makingB.allkindsofgoodsC.enoughmoneyᫀC(5)>Inthemiddleages,therewasabartereconomy.'Bartereconomy*means.A.loansfromgoodsexchangersB.goodsexchangeswithoutusingmoneyC.exchanginggoods
53withcashᫀ B(6)>Nowadays,manypeoplebuythings.A.throughcomputersB.viabankagencyC.usingacreditcarsoradebitcardᫀ C346ஹOrganizationsfrequentlyhavetomakechangesintheirstructure.A.B.ᔲᫀ A347ஹPeopleandDirectorsAllbusinessinvolvespeople;veryfrequentlytheskilllevel,motivationandinitiativeofthepeopleinthebusinessdetermineitssuccess.ThePersonnelorHumanResourceManagementdepartmentsexisttoselect,train,andorganisetheemployeesaccordingtotheneedsofeachdepartment.Ifabusinessfailstoachievethebestfromitsemployees(whoincludeeveryonewhoworksinthebusinessfromworkforcetomanagersanddirectors)thentheperformanceofthebusinessmaysuffer.Asabusinessgrows,themanagersbecomemoreinvolvedintheday-to-dayrunningofthebusinessandsometimesthelonger-termperspectiveisignored.Thedirectorsareresponsibleforconsideringthelong-termobjectivesofthebusinessandforensuringthatresourcesareorganizedcarefullysothatlong-termobjectivesareachieved.Directorsarealsoresponsibleforreportingtoshareholdersincompanyreports,anditisthedirectors,notthemanagers,whobearthebrunt(e⌕gh)ofshareholders'scornwhenprofitsaredown,aswellasreceivingshareholders'praisewhenprofitsareup.Ironically,althoughdirectorsarenotknownasmanagers,theirwholejobisaboutmanagement!(1)ஹPeopleandDirectorsAllbusinessinvolvespeople;veryfrequentlytheskilllevel,motivationandinitiativeofthepeopleinthebusinessdetermineitssuccess.ThePersonnelorHumanResourceManagementdepartmentsexisttoselect,train,andorganisetheemployeesaccordingtotheneedsofeachdepartment.Ifabusinessfailstoachievethebestfromitsemployees(whoincludeeveryonewhoworksinthebusinessfromworkforcetomanagersanddirectors)thentheperformanceofthebusinessmaysuffer.Asabusinessgrows,themanagersbecomemoreinvolvedintheday-to-dayrunningofthebusinessandsometimesthelonger-termperspectiveisignored.Thedirectorsareresponsibleforconsideringthelong-termobjectivesofthebusinessandforensuringthatresourcesareorganizedcarefullysothatlong-termobjectivesareachieved.Directorsarealsoresponsibleforreportingtoshareholdersincompanyreports,anditisthedirectors,notthemanagers,whobearthebrunt(e⌕gh)ofshareholders'scornwhenprofitsaredown,aswellasreceivingshareholders1praisewhenprofitsareup.Ironically,althoughdirectorsarenotknownasmanagers,theirwholejobisaboutmanagement!ᫀ (2)>TheHumanResourceManagementDepartmentissettotrainemployeesaccordingto.A.customers'requirementsB.theneedsofeachdepartmentC.theinstructionsfromtheCEOᫀ Bবஹiftheemployeesarenotgoodenough.A.Thebusinesswon'tbesuccessfulB.TheworkforceisnotbetterchosenC.Themanagersfailed
54togainprofitᫀ A(4)ஹThelong-termperspectiveisconsideredby.A.employeesB.managersC.directorsᫀ CমஹManagersanddirectorshavethesameincompanies.A.typeofresponsibilitiesB.salariesC.workinghoursᫀ A(6)ஹDirectorsreportto.A.managersB.shareholdersC.departmentsᫀ B348ஹInternationalbusinessencompassesallbusinessactivitiesthatinvolveexchangeswitninnationalboundaries.A.B.ᔲᫀ B349ஹIdeasusedinNAFTAcouldeventuallyexpandthroughSouthAmericatomaketheAmericaneconomicregionanstrongercompetitor.A.everB.evenC.likewiseD.nothelessᫀ B350^Twoandahalfthousandyearsago,ChinesewritersasystematicapproachtogatheringinformationaboutthepeoplesbeyondthedesertsandmountainrangesthatprotectChina'sinterior.A.setupB.setdownC.setforthD.setaboutᫀ D351^Althoughourpresentbusinesssystemisessentiallycapitalistinnature,governmenttakespartinit,alongwithhouseholdsandbusinesses.A.kᯠᡃnoᙠḄᖪ&ᑴrDstuDevḄ+,wx+yᨵ{|ஹN&}~ᐸB.kᯠᡃnoᙠḄᖪ&ᑴrDtuDevឋsḄ+,wx~ᑮ{|ஹN&ᫀ A352ஹArevenuetariffisimposedtoraisemoneyforthegovernment.A.strictlyB.looselyC.randomlyD.intentionallyᫀ A353^thebenefitsofworldtrade,nationstendtousetariffsandnon-tariffbarrierstolimittrade.A.ThankstoB.InviewofC.IncontrasttoD.Inspiteofᫀ D354ஹEveryaspectofthemarketingmixshouldbeaddressedandplannedforpriortoanew
55businessstart-up.A.⃩├ᔠḄS☢}ᙠ&'ᑮᑜB.Ḅᖪ&+⃩├ᔠḄS☢}ᑜᫀ A355>Outofthisturmoiltherehasevolvedanotherdefinitionofmarketingknownascustomerrelationshipmarketing CRM.A.ᙠ+⃩├ḄvK¡ᡝᐵ¤⃩├¥CRMB.ᙠ+\o¦⃩├v+ᓽ¡ᡝᐵ¤⃩├¥CRMᫀ B356^Managerialdecision-makingfoursteps.A.consistsB.involvesC.includesD.comprisesᫀ B357^Organizingisthedevelopmentofastructureoftasksandpatternsofproductionsoastoaccomplishthefirm'sgoals.A.B.ᔲᫀ B358^Governmentsimposequotasandtariffsforawidevarietyofreasons.A.wx\.ᔜ¦ᔜ᪵Ḅ©Jªᦈ«¬ᐵB.wx4«¬ᑴªᦈᐵḄ©J®¦®᪵ᫀ B359>Managementistheprocessoftheresourcesofanorganizationtoachievetheprimarygoalsoftheorganization.A.acquiringB.conservingC.coordinatingD.exploringᫀ c360ஹTheUnitedStatesistheonlycountrythatusestariffsandquotas.A.B.ᔲᫀ B361ஹThisseparation,though,isusefulforexploringthebasisofeachtypehowemployeeslearn,change,resolveconflicts,reward,motivateandsoon.A.inrelationtoB.withregardtoC.bymeansofD.intermsofᫀ D362^TheInternetisalsoaddinganotherdimensiontothemarketingprocessasisthegrowingresistancetosubtle,cleveradvertising,whichseemstohavelostitsedgeinthemarketplace.A.B.ᔲᫀ A
56363>Ideascreeningisaphaseinwhichasmallsampleofpotentialbuyersisexposedtoaproductideathroughawrittenororaldescriptioninordertodeterminetheirinitialfeelingsandbuyingintentionsassociatedwiththeproduct.A.B.ᔲᫀB364ஹThroughoutmuchofthecolonialperiodinAmericanhistory,soleproprietorsrawmaterialstoEnglishmanufacturers.A.providedB.gaveC.suppliedD.supportedᫀC365^Soleproprietorships,themostcommonbusinessform,consistofonepersondoingbusinesswithlegalcharter.A.B.ᔲᫀB366ஹOneofthemomentsinMichael'slifewaswhenthepurchasingmanageratHarrodstelephonedforanorder.A.supremeB.crowningC.maximumD.highestᫀB367ஹAmarketconsistsofpeoplewithneeds,theabilitytobuy,andthedesireandhabittopurchase.A.B.ᔲᫀB368^Technical,conceptual,interpersonal,diagnostic,andanalyticskillsareallimportant,thoughtherelativeimportanceofeachvarieswiththeareaofmanagement.A,B.ᔲᫀB369ஹManagersmustconsidertherelativeimportanceofpricetobuyersinthemarketbeforesettingprices.A.potentialB.desiredC.targetD.possibleᫀC370>TexasInstrumentsandtheU.S.DepartmentofJusticehavesimilarorganizationalstructures.A.B.ᔲᫀB371>Tradingwithothernationscanalsoposeproblemsifacountry'simportsandexportsdonot_______out.A.workB.turnC.balanceD.standᫀc
57372ஹMichael'sotherconcernwasthatoneofthelargerclothesretailersmighttrytocompetewithTheCreaselessCompany,byusingasupplierintheFarEastwhichmightwellputpressureonhismargins.A.¯°±Ḅ²³+{´ᜧḄ¶·¸¹ᖪXº»¼½¾Iᵨ¿QḄÀᖪᩭÂᢚÄÅ⊟$%ÇÈ+ÉXºÊËḄᑭÍÎᩭghB.¯°±Ḅ²³+{´ᜧḄ¶·¸¹ᖪXº»¼{7ÏÐḄ$%ÇÈ+ᑭᵨ¿QḄ{ÀᖪÊËḄᑭÍ᳛Îᩭghᫀ A373^Performancehelpmanagersdecidewhoneedstrainingandwhoshouldbepromoted.A.estimationsB.predictionsC.conclusionsD.appraisalsᫀ D374>Thebasicproductmaybeamanufactureditem,aservice,anidea,orsomeofthese.A.compositionB.combinationC.collocationD.collectionᫀ B375ஹIfacompanyistogetthemostoutofitsworkers,itmustdevelopthoseworkers.A.B.ᔲᫀ A376ஹThecorporateformisusedbymostlargebusinessesbecauseitoffersfinancialprotectiontoinvestors.A.B.ᔲᫀ A377>Economicsisthestudyofhowaproductiscreatedanddistributed.A.B.ᔲᫀ B378>Internationaltradedevelopswheneachnationtradesitsproductsforthosethatareinshortsupply.A.uselessB.surplusC.redundantD.remainingᫀ C379^Solarpanelsaredesignedtobeonrooftopstocatchtheheatofthesun.A.locatedB.arrangedC.displayedD.installedᫀ D380>Sometimescalledhumanresources,laboristhementalandphysicalofpeople.A.elementsB.componentsC.capabilitiesD.powers
58ᫀ C381ஹProtectionismhasbothadvocatesandcritics.A.ÒevÓᨵ?EᨵᢇÖB.ÒevÓᨵ×ÒὅEᨵᢇÖὅᫀ B382ஹThepeoplewhoworkforacompanythesecondfactorofproduction,labor.A.refertoB.representC.reflectD.composeᫀ B383ஹAfirm'sproductlineincludesalltheproductsitoffersforsale.A.B.ᔲᫀ B384ஹAnumberofpersonalandpsychologicalconsiderations,alongwithmanysocialandculturalinfluences,determineconsumers'behavior.A.Ù®Úᳮὃ⇋+YÞÙ®ᦻᓄáâ+ãὅḄäKB.Ù®ÚᳮJå+YÞÙ®ᦻᓄáâ+ãὅḄäKᫀ B385ஹButopponentsofprotectionareequallyvocal.A.,æçÒḄEd᪵âèB.,ÒevḄæçὅd᪵éêêᫀ B386ஹAllthekeymanagerialrolescanbeclassifiedasdecisional,interpersonal,orinformational.A.B.ᔲᫀ A387>However,havingbeenpartofamultinationaloilcompany,MichaelwasonlytooawarehowmuchtheirindividuallivesmightchangeifTheCreaselessCompanydecidedtotakesuchadecision.A.ᯠë+ìKíîïð$%Ḅᕒñ+¯°±ò6óô+öÂᢚÄÅ⊟$%÷\᪵Ḅ⌱ù+ËnḄúûXºüú®ᜧḄýᓄB.ᯠë+ìK{íîïð$%Ḅᕒ+¯°±ò6óô+ö{þᨵᢚÄḄ$%÷\᪵Ḅ+ËnḄúûᨵ®ᜧḄᦋ ᫀA388ஹTheattractionoflimitedliability,insuchanunknownmarket,wasappealingtoallthepartners,whoallbecamedirectorsinthenewlimitedcompany.A.ᨵ▲ḄᔾᔾᡠᨵḄᔠᙠ᪵ !"ᡂ$%ᨵ▲&'ℏ)B.ᙠ᪵*+Ḅ ᨵ▲Ḅ,ᔾᡠᨵḄᔠ!"ᡂ$%ᡂ-Ḅᨵ▲&'Ḅℏ)ᫀB
59389ஹTheAsia/Pacificcommunity,inacooperativerelationship,willbecomeagreatmarketfortheworld'sgoodsandservicesaswellasfosteritsownexportbusinessasasignificantpercentageofeachmembercountry'sgrossdomesticproduct.A./0ᙢ2ᙠ34ᔠ5ᐵ789:ᡂ$;<ᖪ>?@AḄBᜧ DE:FGHᙢ2ḄIJKAL8ᙠᔜᡂᕒOOᑁQRST ᓰVW℉ḄYZB.ᙠᔠ5ᐵ7 /0ᐳD\:ᡂ$;<ᖪ>?@AḄ]ᜧ ^_`ᐸbcIJKAᙠdᡂᕒOOᑁQRST ᡠᓰḄe⌕YZᫀA390ஹOilcompaniesmustobviouslyhavevastquantitiesofoiltoprocesseachyear.A.refinedB.originalC.crudeD.naturalᫀC391>Someclaimthatsinceothernationshavesuchmeasures,somustwe.A.ghibjᐸOkᨵ᪵Ḅlmᡃ!opq᪵rB.ᨵstᯠᐸOkᨵ᪵Ḅlmᡃ!opqvwD᪵ḄlmᫀB392ஹNewandcomplexformsofbusinessownershiparealsobecomingmoreimportant.A.increasinglyB.slowlyC.graduallyD.hardlyᫀA393ஹproductsarepurchasedtosatisfypersonalandfamilyneeds.A.CustomerB.IndustrialC.ConsumerD.IndustryᫀC394ஹMarketingaddsvalueintheformofutility,orthepowerofaproductorservicetosatisfyaneed.A.⃩├zᦔᵨᡈR>ᡈ@A~◤ḄḄTB.⃩├zᦔᵨᓽR>ᡈ@A~◤ḄḄTᫀB395^Acontractisalegallyenforceableagreement.Theconditionsforavalidcontractincludevoluntaryagreementbetweentheparties,consideration,thelegalcompetenceofallparties,subjectmatterthatislegal,andpropercontractform.Acontractisusuallyterminatedthroughfulfillmentofallobligationscontainedinthecontract.Dischargebymutualassentoccurswhenallpartiesagreetovoidacontract.Ifonepartytoacontractdoesnotfulfillitsobligations,theotherpartyorpartiesmayrequestthecourtstodischargethecontract,toawarddamagesfornonperformance,ortorequirethatthetermsofthecontractbefulfilled.Asalesagreementisacontractbywhichownershipistransferredfromasellertoabuyer.TheUniformCommercialCodeprovidesmuchofoursaleslaw,includingthedifferencebetweenanexpresswarrantyandanimpliedwarranty.Anexpresswarrantyisawrittenexplanationoftheresponsibilitiesoftheproducerorsellerintheeventthataproductisfoundtobedefectiveorotherwiseunsatisfactory.
60Animpliedwarrantyisaguaranteethatisimposedorrequiredbylaw.Ingeneral,thebuyerisentitledtoassumethatthemerchandiseofferedforsalehasacleartitle,themerchandiseisasadvertised,andthemerchandisewillservethepurposeforwhichitwasmanufacturedandsold.(1)>Acontractisalegallyenforceableagreement.Theconditionsforavalidcontractincludevoluntaryagreementbetweentheparties,consideration,thelegalcompetenceofallparties,subjectmatterthatislegal,andpropercontractform.Acontractisusuallyterminatedthroughfulfillmentofallobligationscontainedinthecontract.Dischargebymutualassentoccurswhenallpartiesagreetovoidacontract.Ifonepartytoacontractdoesnotfulfillitsobligations,theotherpartyorpartiesmayrequestthecourtstodischargethecontract,toawarddamagesfornonperformance,ortorequirethatthetermsofthecontractbefulfilled.Asalesagreementisacontractbywhichownershipistransferredfromasellertoabuyer.TheUniformCommercialCodeprovidesmuchofoursaleslaw,includingthedifferencebetweenanexpresswarrantyandanimpliedwarranty.Anexpresswarrantyisawrittenexplanationoftheresponsibilitiesoftheproducerorsellerintheeventthataproductisfoundtobedefectiveorotherwiseunsatisfactory.Animpliedwarrantyisaguaranteethatisimposedorrequiredbylaw.Ingeneral,thebuyerisentitledtoassumethatthemerchandiseofferedforsalehasacleartitle,themerchandiseisasadvertised,andthemerchandisewillservethepurposeforwhichitwasmanufacturedandsold.ᫀ(2)ஹAvalidcontractmusttakeproperform.A.B.ᔲᫀA(3)ஹAcontractcouldbeleagallyterminatedwithoutfulfillmentofallobligationscontainedinthecontract.A.B.ᔲᫀA(4)ஹIfonepartytoacontractdoesnotfulfillitsobligations,theotherpartyorpartiesmayrequestthecourtstorequirethatthetermsofthecontractbefulfilled.A,B.ᔲᫀA(5)^Asalesagreementisacontractbywhichgoodsorservicesaredeliveredfromasellertoabuyer.A.B.ᔲᫀBযஹAnexpresswarrantyisaguaranteethatisimposedorrequiredbylaw.A.B.ᔲᫀB396ஹThedimensionsweusetodifferentcorporateculturesareequality-hierarchyandorientationtotheperson-orientationtothetask.A.devideB.separateC.classifyD.distinguishᫀD397ஹOrganizationalbuyingbehaviorreferstothepurchasingbehaviorofproducers,resellers,
61governmentunits,andinstitutions.A.B.ᔲᫀA398>Consequently,SonyWalkmanscostalmost$150,andCDplayersareprohibitivelyexpensive.A.cḄ150ᐗCDᘤḄᓾ¢B.£ᩭcḄ150ᐗCDᘤḄ¥ᢣᫀA399ஹManagersatalllevelsmaybefoundinallareasofacompany.A.B.ᔲᫀA400>JamesMason,the"green"partner;doesnotthinkthenewproductwillsellwell.A.B.ᔲᫀB401ஹModernAmericanbusinessstructuresapatternofdevelopmentovercenturies.A.formB.reflectC.revealD.followᫀB402>Internationalbusinessconsistsoftransactionsthataredevisedandcarriedoutacrossnationalborderstosatisfytheobjectivesofindividuals,companies,andorganizations.Thesetransactionstakeonvariedforms,whichareofteninterrelated§¨ὶ7Ḅ.Primarytypesofinternationalbusinessareexport-importtradeanddirectforeigninvestment.Thelatteriscarriedoutinvariedforms,includingwhollyownedsubsidiariesandjointventures.Additionaltypesofinternationalbusinessarelicensing,franchising,andmanagementcontract.Asthedefinitionindicates,andasforanykindofdomesticbusiness,"satisfaction"remainsakeytenetofinternationalbusiness.Thefactthatthetransactionsareacrossinternationalbordershighlightsthedifferencebetweendomesticandinternationalbusiness.Theinternationalexecutiveissubjecttoanewsetofmacro-environmentalᜧ«Ḅfactors,todifferentconstraints,andtoquitefrequentconflictsresultingfromdifferentlaws,cultures,andsocieties.Thebasicprinciplesofbusinessstillapply,buttheirapplication,complexity,andintensityvarysubstantially. 1ஹInternationalbusinessconsistsoftransactionsthataredevisedandcarriedoutacrossnationalborderstosatisfytheobjectivesofindividuals,companies,andorganizations.Thesetransactionstakeonvariedforms,whichareofteninterrelated§¨ὶ7Ḅ.Primarytypesofinternationalbusinessareexport-importtradeanddirectforeigninvestment.Thelatteriscarriedoutinvariedforms,includingwhollyownedsubsidiariesandjointventures.Additionaltypesofinternationalbusinessarelicensing,franchising,andmanagementcontract.Asthedefinitionindicates,andasforanykindofdomesticbusiness,"satisfaction"remainsakeytenetofinternationalbusiness.Thefactthatthetransactionsareacrossinternationalbordershighlightsthedifferencebetweendomesticandinternationalbusiness.Theinternationalexecutiveissubjecttoanewsetofmacro-environmentalᜧ«Ḅfactors,todifferentconstraints,andtoquitefrequentconflictsresultingfromdifferentlaws,cultures,andsocieties.Thebasicprinciples
62ofbusinessstillapply,buttheirapplication,complexity,andintensityvarysubstantially.ᫀ(2)ஹInternationalbusinessconsistsofdomesticandinternationaltransactions.A.B.ᔲᫀBবஹExport-importtradeisthebasicformofinternationalbusiness.A.B.ᔲᫀA(4)ஹAsthedefinitionindicates,'satisfaction'remainsakeyprincipleofinternationalbusiness.A.B.ᔲᫀA(5)ஹInternationalbusinessisinfluencedbydifferentlaws,cultures,andsocieties.A.B.ᔲᫀAযஹLicensing,franchising,andmanagementcontractarealsotypesofinternationalbusiness.A.B.ᔲᫀA403ஹTopmanagersusuallycontrolthefortunesoftheorganization.A.B.ᔲᫀA404ஹHumanrelationsskillsunderstandingandgettingalongwithotherpeople.A.refertoB.relatetoC.dealwithD.lieinᫀB405ஹItisassumedtohavebeenconsideredenoughthatthedecisionismadeandtobeunderstandabletothesepeopletheinfluenceofthisdecision.A.byB.withC.onD.underᫀD406ஹJapanisgenerallycontentwithitstradeimbalance,becauseitresultsinmoremoneyflowingintothecountrythanisflowingout.A.®H¯°±ᐸ²᧕ᜫ⊝¶ᑮ~¸$¹º»ᐭ®HḄ½¾¿À»I®HḄ½¾B.®HÁ±ᐸ²᧕Ã⊝¶ᑮ~¸$4Ã⊝L»ᐭHOḄ½¾¿À»IḄ½¾ᫀB407ஹNotthreeyearshehadvisitedHarrodstoaskittostocktheproduct,butitrefusedtotaketheshirt.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.agoᫀB408ஹEffectivemanagerstendtopossessaspecificsetofskillsandtofilltenbasic
63roles.A.organizationalB.managerialC.technicalD.strategicᫀB409Tohaveaneffectivetotalqualitymanagementprogram,topmanagementmustmakeastrong,sustainedcommitmenttotheprogramandmustbeabletocoordinatealloftheprogram'selementssothattheyworkinharmony.A.B.ᔲᫀA410^Incentiveprogramsincludewagesandsalaries,aswellassalesbonuses,gainsharing,andprofitsharing.A.B.ᔲᫀB411ஹEachoftheplantmanagersdirectlytothevicepresidentforproduction.A.regardsB.reportsC.listensD.answersᫀB412>Managerscanbedifferentiatedbylevelandbyarea.A.B.ᔲᫀA413ஹSmith'spurelaissez-fairecapitalismisaneconomicsysteminwhichthesedecisionsaremadebyindividualsandbusinessesastheypursuetheirownself-interest.A.ÄÅÆḄÇÈbᵫ½HÊË4ÌÍ\7ᙠ4\7 ?ÎKÏbcᑭÑbÊÒÓB.ÄÅÆḄÇÈbᵫ½HÊËÌÍ\ᑴᙠ\ᑴ gÒÕᵫ?ÎK$ÏbcᑭÑrIḄᫀA414>Marketsmaybebasedongeographic,demographic,psychographic,orproduct-usevariables.A.definedB.separatedC.segmentedD.classifiedᫀc415ஹInmostcases,corpoationsaredirectlyrunbyprofessionalmanagers.A.B.ᔲᫀA416^Lawsaretherulesthatgoverntheconductof,andrelationshipsamong,themembersofasociety.IntheUnitedStates,lawsoriginateinjudicialdecisions(commonlaw)andintheenactmentoflegislativebodiesandgovernmentagencies(statutorylaw).AnimportantbodyofstatutorylawiscontainedintheUniformCommercialCode,whichhasbeenadoptedwithvariationsbyallfiftystates.Publiclawisconcernedwiththerelationshipsbetweenasocietyand
64itsmembers.Privatelawisconcernedwithrelationshipsamongasociety'smembers.Privatelawdealingwithnegligence,orthefailuretoexercisereasonablecare,isofparticularinteresttobusinesses.TheUnitedStateshastwoseparateanddistinctcourtsystems:thefederalcourtsystemandthecourtsystemsoffiftystates.Atboththefederallevelandthestatelevel,courtcasesarefirstheardincourtsoforiginaljurisdiction.Thedecisionsofthesecourtsmaybeappealedtoappellatecourts.Inanycourtcase,anumberofstepsmustbecompletedbeforethecasecanberesolved.(1)ஹLawsaretherulesthatgoverntheconductof,andrelationshipsamong,themembersofasociety.IntheUnitedStates,lawsoriginateinjudicialdecisions(commonlaw)andintheenactmentoflegislativebodiesandgovernmentagencies(statutorylaw).AnimportantbodyofstatutorylawiscontainedintheUniformCommercialCode,whichhasbeenadoptedwithvariationsbyallfiftystates.Publiclawisconcernedwiththerelationshipsbetweenasocietyanditsmembers.Privatelawisconcernedwithrelationshipsamongasociety'smembers.Privatelawdealingwithnegligence,orthefailuretoexercisereasonablecare,isofparticularinteresttobusinesses.TheUnitedStateshastwoseparateanddistinctcourtsystems:thefederalcourtsystemandthecourtsystemsoffiftystates.Atboththefederallevelandthestatelevel,courtcasesarefirstheardincourtsoforiginaljurisdiction.Thedecisionsofthesecourtsmaybeappealedtoappellatecourts.Inanycourtcase,anumberofstepsmustbecompletedbeforethecasecanberesolved.ᫀ(2)ஹIntheUnitedStates,lawsmaydistinguishintocommonlawsandstatutorylaws.A.B.ᔲᫀA(3)ஹTheUniformCommercialCodehasbeenstrictlyadoptedbyallfiftyAmericanstateswithoutanyadaptation.A.B.ᔲᫀB(4)^Publiclawisofparticularinteresttobusinesses.A.B.ᔲᫀB(5)ஹIntheUnitedStates,allcourtcasesarefirstheardinthestatecourts.A.B.ᔲᫀBযஹAppellatecourtsareallfederalcourts.A.B.ᔲᫀB417^Itisestimatedthatwinningoveranewcustomercancostuptofivetimesasmuchaskeepingacustomer,soanewdefinitionofmarketinghasevolvedwhichisidentifying,attractingandretainingthemostvaluablecustomerstosustainprofitablegrowth.A.VÖ×Ø%ÙᡝḄᡂHÛᶇÝÙᡝḄÞß ⃩├Ḅ%ÕËàÌᡂᓽáâஹᔾ?ᶇÝᨬᨵTḄÙᡝzäᢝæᑭçB.VÖ×Ø%ÙᡝḄᡂHÛᶇÝÙᡝḄÞß ⃩├Ḅ%ÕËàÌ`ᓄᓽáâஹ
65ᔾ?ᶇÝᨬᨵTḄÙᡝzéæᑭçᫀA418ஹIntheprosperousWest,ifitcanbemadeanddistributedthenthereisamarket.A.B.ᔲᫀB419>Marketmeasurementandsalesforecastingareusedtoestimatesalespotentialandpredictproductsalesinspecificmarketsegments.A. ◤êë?├ì⚜êᵨÀÖ×ᱯÕïᑖ Ḅ├ìñ?⚜êR>├ìB. ◤êë?├ì⚜êòᵨᩭÖ×├ìñ?⚜êᱯÕïᑖ ḄR>├ìᫀA420>Developingamarketingstrategyinvolvesselectingandanalyzingatargetmarketandcreatingandmaintainingamarketingmixthatwillsatisfythatmarket.A.ᑴÕ⃩├ᡊᶍᒹö⌱øஹᑖ᪆ú᪗ ^üý?þÿ ◤Ḅ⃩├ᔠB.ᑴ⃩├ᡊᶍᐵᑮ⌱ᑖ᪆᪗ ◤Ḅ⃩├ᔠ!"#ᫀ%A421ஹAmarketingstrategyisaplanforthebestuseofanorganization'sresourcestomeetitsobjectives.A.'B.ᔲ!"#ᫀ%A422>Althoughtherewillalwaysbeaplaceandfunctionformarketing,itisunclearwhetherthetraditionalproductorbrandmanagerwillstillhaveajobinthetwenty-first*century,havingbeenreplacedbycustomerrelationsmanagersontheendofatelephone.A.)*⃩├+,ᨵ./0ᙢ2ᵨ4567Ḅ'89Ḅ:;ᡈ;=>ᳮᙠ21AB'ᔲC,ᨵ.DE2FGH>IᵯKLᜮḄNᡝᐵ>ᳮᡠQRB.Sᯠ⃩├UVᨵᐸᙢX2ᵨ4ᙠ21AB89Ḅ:;/;=>ᳮH>IᵯKLᜮḄNᡝᐵ>ᳮᡠQRFGḄZộ\ᔲ]^_5`ab!"#ᫀ%B423ஹExxon'sannualdrillingcostsalonethebillionsofdollars.A.runintoB.runoffC.runoutofD.runup!"#ᫀ%A424ஹManywritershavediscussedtheideaofsatisfyingcustomers*needsandwants.A.managerB.managingC.managementD.managerial!"#ᫀ%C425ஹBystudyingbusiness,youcanbecomeamoreinformedconsumerandinvestorandbeabetteremployee.A.'B.ᔲ
66!"#ᫀ%A426ஹAllbusinessesmustontheirformoflegalorganization.A.agreeB.dependC.decideD.hold!"#ᫀ%C427ஹDisposableincomeispersonalincomeminusallothertaxes.A.'B.ᔲ!"#ᫀ%A428ஹBecauseconsumerbehavior;languages,andcustomsinothernationsdifferfromthoseofourcountry,internationalmarketing-trademadeacrossinternationalboundaries-oftenrequiresmarketerstoreconsiderthemarketingmix.A.ᵫeᐸFfgḄhijkஹlmᐵnoᡃf5qf▭⃩├..stf▭uvḄw᧕.yy⌕⃩├{ᕒ}~ὃ⇋⃩├ᔠB.ᵫeᐸFfgḄhiὅjkஹlmoᡃf5qf▭⃩├ᓽsfw᧕yy◤⌕⃩├{ᕒ}~ὃ⇋⃩├ᔠ!"#ᫀ%B429ஹAnyeconomicsystemmustanswerthreequestions:Whatgoodsandserviceswillbeproduced?Howwilltheybeproduced?Forwhomwilltheybeproduced?A.>#⚪%:᪵Ḅᖪ;G:FGkaB.>ᑴ#⚪:,⌕:ᖪ;:k:!"#ᫀ%B430>Managersingoalsettingandplanning.A.engageB.absorbC.majorD.confine!"#ᫀ%A431ஹMoneyspentbytourists,foreign-aidprograms,andthebuyingandsellingofcurrencyininternationalmoneymarketsarealsopartofthebalanceofpayments.A.'B.ᔲ!"#ᫀ%A432ஹAlthoughthefullcashpricehasnotbeenpaid,thebuyerhasmadeaenforceablepromisetopay.A.practicallyB.theoraticallyC.supposedlyD.legally!"#ᫀ%D433ஹLikeitsbigmediarivals,AOLTimeWarnerhasbeenclobberedbytheweaknessoftheadvertisingmarket.OnJuly24ththecompanyreportedthatadvertisingrevenuesinthesecondquarterweredownby11%,to$2.1billion,withAOL'sadrevenuesfalling42%-thoughoverallrevenueswere10%higherat$10,6billionandthegroupwasabletobookitsfirstquarterlynetprofitsincecompletingthemerger.Inevitably,therearealaoquestionsoverAOLTineWarner's
67accounting.ShortlybeforeMr.Pitman'sresignation,investorshadbeguntoworrythatthecompanymightbeguilyofpullingaWorldCom,shiftingeverydayexpensestocapitalaccounts,Newspapers,ledbytheWashingtonPost,beganchroniclingthecreativewaysinwhichAOLhadaccountedforsomeadvertisingdeals.OnJuly24ththecompanydisclosedthattheSECwaslookingintoitsaccountingpractices.(1)>Likeitsbigmediarivals,AOLTimeWarnerhasbeenclobberedbytheweaknessoftheadvertisingmarket.OnJuly24ththecompanyreportedthatadvertisingrevenuesinthesecondquarterweredownby11%,to$2.1billion,withAOL'sadrevenuesfalling42%-thoughoverallrevenueswere10%higherat$10.6billionandthegroupwasabletobookitsfirstquarterlynetprofitsincecompletingthemerger.Inevitably,therearealaoquestionsoverAOLTineWarner'saccounting.ShortlybeforeMr.Pitman'sresignation,investorshadbeguntoworrythatthecompanymightbeguilyofpullingaWorldCom,shiftingeverydayexpensestocapitalaccounts,Newspapers,ledbytheWashingtonPost,beganchroniclingthecreativewaysinwhichAOLhadaccountedforsomeadvertisingdeals.OnJuly24ththecompanydisclosedthattheSECwaslookingintoitsaccountingpractices.!"#ᫀ%(2)ஹAOLTimeWarnerhasbeencontinuouslystrikenby.A.itsbigmediarivalsB.theSECC.thesluggishadvertisingmarket!"#ᫀ%CবஹAdvertisingrevenuesofAOLinthesecondquarter.A.weredownby11%B.were10%higherat$10.6billionC.droppedby42%!"#ᫀ%C(4)ஹThecompanysincecompletingthemerger.A.wasabletobookitsfirstquarterlynetprofitB.hasbeenmakingprofitC.hasbeenloosingmoney!"#ᫀ%A(5)ஹshiftedeverydayexpensestocapitalaccounts.A.AOLTimeWarnerB.WorldComC.Mr.Pitman!"#ᫀ%B(6)>Newspapers,ledbytheWashingtonPost,begantothecreativewaysinwhichAOLhadaccountedforsomeadvertisingdeals.A.recordinchronologicalorderB.lookcarefullyintoC.stronglycondemn!"#ᫀ%A434ஹBusinessanalysismustbeconductedpriortotestmarketing.A.'B.ᔲ!"#ᫀ%A435ஹExxonemploysover150,000worldwide.A.personnelsB.laborsC.peopleD.persons!"#ᫀ%C
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