职称英语历年试题

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2012
ὃᔠA⚪ᔁὃᫀ
ᑖ⌱⚗(1~15⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ)☢ᙳᨵ1ᡈὅᨵᜐᑖ!1"#ᨬ%&Ḅ⌱⚗஺1.Heshiftedhispositionalittleinorderto(alleviate)thepaininhisleg.A.controlB.easyC.experienceD.suffer2.Ouraimwasto(update)thehealthservice,andwesucceeded.A.offerB.provideC.modernizeD.fund3.Shemovesfromone(exotic)locationtoanother.A.unusualB.familiarC.similarD.proper4.Nothingwould(induce)metovoteforhimagain.A.teachB.helpC.discourageD.attract5.Thephotographs(evoked)strongmemoriesofourholidayinFrance.A.refreshedB.storedC.blockedD.erased6.Theweatherwas(crisp)andclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.A.hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy7.Everyweekthemagazinepresentsthe(profile)ofawell-knownsportspersonality.A.successB.descriptionC.evidenceD.plan8.Hercommentsaboutmenare(utterly)ridiculouscompletely.A.slightlyB.completelyC.partlyD.faintly9.Thewallsaremadeof(hollow)concreteblocks.A.bigB.emptyC.longD.now10.Wealmost(raninto)aRolls-Roycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutsignaling.A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.found11.WhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldn'tresisthavinga(peep)look.A.chanceB.visitC.lookD.try12.Hehasbeengranted(asylum)inFrance.A.powerB.reliefC.protectionD.license13.Hewas(weary)oftheconstantbattlebetweenthem.A.fondB.tiredC.proudD.afraid14.Newbornbabiescan(discriminate)betweenaman'sandawoman'svoice.A.treatB.distinguishC.expressD.analyzes15.Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesame(layout)arrangement.A.colorB.sizeC.functionD.arrangement)ᫀalleviate
easeupdate
modernizeexotic
unusualinduce
attractevoked
refreshedcrisp-freshprofile-descriptionutterly—completelyhollow-emptyraninto
hitpeep—lookasylum—protectionweary—tireddiscriminate-distinguishlayout—arrangement+ᑖ▅-ᑨ/016~22⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖ1☢Ḅᦻ3ᑡ567᪷8ᦻḄᑁ:;<5ᑨ/=᝞?@ABḄCDEF⌱GA=᝞?@ABḄC┯IEF⌱GB=᝞?@ḄEFᦻJᨵAK⌱GC஺InSports,RedistheWinningColorWhenopponentsofagameareequallymatched,theteamdressedinredismorelikelytowin,accordingtoanewstudy.

1BritishanthropologistsRussellHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversityofDurhamreachedthatconclusionbystudyingtheoutcomesofone-on-oneboxing,taekwondo,Greco-Roman-wresting,andfreestyle-wrestlingmatchesatthe2004SummerOlympicsinAthens,Greece.IneacheventOlympicstaffrandomlyassignedredorblueclothingorbodyprotectiontocompetitors.Whenotherwiseequallymatchedwiththeiropponentinfitnessandskill,athleteswearingredweremorelikelytowinthebout."Wheretherewasalargepointdifference-presumablybecauseonecontestantwasfarsuperiortotheother—colorhadnoeffectontheoutcome,*'Bartonsaid."Wheretherewasasmallpointdifferenee,theeffectofcolorwassufficienttotipthebalance."Inequallymatchedbouts,thepreponderanceofredwinswasgreatenoughthatitcouldnotbeattributedtochance,theanthropologistssay.HillandBartonfoundsimilarresultsinareviewofthecolorswornattheEuro2004internationalsoccertournament.Theirreportwillbepublishedintomorrow'sissueofthejournalNature.JoannaSetchell,aprimateresearcherattheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland,hasfoundsimilarresultsinnature.HerworkwiththelargeAfricanmonkeysknownasmandrillsshowsthatredcolorationgivesmalesanadvantagewhenitcomestomating.Thefindingthatredalsohasanadvantageinhumansportingeventsdoesnotsurpriseher,adddingthat"theideaofthestudyisveryclever.**HillandBartongottheideafortheirstudyoutofamutualinterestintheevolutionofsexualsignalsinprimates
"redseemstobethecolor,acrossspecies,thatsignalsmaledominanceandtestosteronelevels,'*Bartonsaid.Forexample,studiesbySetchelI,theCambridgeprimateresearcher,showthatdominantmalemandrillshaveincreasedredcolorationintheirfacesandrumps.Anotherstudybyotherscientistsshowsthatredplasticringsexperimentallyplacedonthelegsofmalezebrafinchesincreasethebirds'dominance.BartonsaidheandHillspeculatedsomespeculatedthat"theremightbeasimilareffectinhumans.Andifso,itcouldbeapparentinsportingcontests."Thepairsaytheirresultsindicatethatsexualselectionmayhaveinfluencedtheevolutionofhumans'responsetocolor.Setchell,theprimatologist,agrees.nAsHillandBartonsay,humansreddenwhenweareangryandpalewhenwe'rescared.Theseareveryimportantsignalstootherindividuals,nshesaid.Theadvantageofredmaybeintuitivelyknown,judgingfromtheprevalenceofreduniformsinsports—“thoughitisclearlynotverywidelyappreciated,onaconsciouslevelatleast,'*Bartonsaid.Headdsthatthefindingofred'sadvantagemighthaveimplicationsforregulationsthatgovernsportingattire.IntheOlympicmatcheshesurveyedforthenewstudy,forexample,itispossiblesomemedalwinnersmayhavereachedthepedestalwithanunintendedadvantage."Thatistheimplication,thoughwecannotsaythatitmadethedifferenceinanyonespecificcase,nBartonsaid.Meanwhile,Setchellnoted——tongue-in-cheek—thataredadvantagemaynotbelimitedtosports.Goingbytherecent[U.S.]electionresults,redisindeedquitesuccessful,nshesaid.16.BothHillandBartonwantedtofindoutifcoloraffectstheoutcomeofsportsmatched.17.HillandBartonarebothinterestedinprimates.18.Malemandrillsuseyellowcolorationtoattractamate.19.Redisnotanadvantageforzebrafinches.

220.Theredplasticringswereleftonthefinchespermanently.21.HillandBartonbelieveathletesinredaremorelikelytowin.22.Manyathletesopposethenewregulationsonsportsuniforms.)ᫀ16.BothHillandBartonwantedtofindoutifcoloraffectstheoutcomesofsportsmatches.)ᫀA(right)./NᐵThey(HillandBarton)...reachedtheconclusionbystudyingtheoutcomesofboxing...TheoutcomesPQRᦻASi1Ḅkheteamdressedinredismorelikelytowin”17.HillandBartonarebothinterestedinprimates(ᮣUV).)ᫀA(right).XᐵHillandBartongottheideaforthestudyfromamutualinterestinprimates.18.Malemandrillsuseyellowcolorationtoattractamate.)ᫀB(wrong).XᐵRedcolorationgivesmalesanadvantagewhenitcomestomating.19.RedisnotanadvantageforZebrafinches(ᦿZ₝\).)ᫀB(wrong).XᐵScientistsputredplasticringsonthelegsofmaleZebrafemales,whichincreasedthebird'ssuccessinfindingamate.20.Theredplasticringswereleftonthefinchespermanently.)ᫀC(notmentioned).21.HillandBartonbelieveathletesinredaremorelikelytowin.)ᫀA(right)./NᐵAcrossarangeofsports,wefindthatwearingredisconsistentlyassociatedwithahigherprobabilityofwinning.22.Manyathletesopposethenewregulationsonsportuniforms.)ᫀC(notmentioned)»Vᐵthediscoveryofred'sadvantagemightleadtonewregulationsonsportsuniforms.^ᑖᭆᜧ"abᡂ(23~30⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ8ᑖ)☢Ḅᦻ3ᨵ2⚗defg(1)23h26⚪⌕jkᡠmḄ6⌱⚗ᢣ!opo⌱G1q᪗⚪=(2)27h30⚪⌕jkᡠmḄ6⌱⚗!
ᨬs⌱⚗஺HowtechnologypushesdownpriceTheTreatyofBreda,signedin1667afterawarbetweentheEnglishandDutchinwhichtheEnglishwereworsted,gavetheDutchthebigprize:Run,asmallislandintheIndonesianarchipelagowhichwastheworld'sprincipalsourceofnutmeg.Themarginonnutmegatthetimewasaround3,200%.TheEnglish,asaconsolationprize,gotManhattan.Asanillustrationofthelong-termfallinfoodpricescomparedwithothergoods,thatisasharpone.Butdeflationhascharacterizedthefoodbusinessforcenturies,becauseofcontinualadvancesinfoodproductionanddistributiontechnology.Consumershavebenefitedgreatlyfromthoseadvances.Malthusians,whosedescendantsuntilquiterecentlypredictedthattheworldwouldrunoutoffood,havetherebybeenconfounded.Moreandmorefoodisbeingproducedbyfewerandfewerpeoplewithlessandlesscapital;itisthereforeevermoreplentifulandcheaper.Sincedemandistosomeextentlimitedbythesizeofpeople'sstomachs,spendingonfoodcomparedwithothergoodshasbeenfallingformanyyears,andcontinuestodrop(seechart4).

3Geneticallymodified(GM)seedsarethelatestmanifestationofaproductionrevolutionthatstartedwithCharles“Turnip"Townsend,whointhe18thcenturylaidthebasisforcroprotation.Organicfertiliserswerereplacedbychemicalonesinthe19thcentury.TherailwayopeneduptheAmericanmid-west.Thehorsereplacedthecow,thecombineharvesterthehorse.Afterthesecondworldwar,dwarfvarietiesofwheatandrice(whichovercametheproblemthatheavilyfertilisedcropsinhotcountriesgrewtootallandfellover)boosteddeveloping-countryoutput.The“greenrevolution^^helpedtriggeramorerecent“livestockrevolution”,documentedbyChrisDelgado,whoworksjointlyfortheInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstituteandtheInternationalLivestockResearchInstitute.Higherincomesandurbanisation,combinedwithfallingfoodprices,haveboostedmeatandmilkconsumptionindevelopingcountries.By1997,realbeefpriceswereathirdtheirlevelin1971.Overthatperiod,meatconsumptionindevelopingcountriesrosefive-fold,threetimesasfastasindevelopedcountries.Milkconsumptionrosethree-fold.Bythe1980s,advancesinconventionalplantbreedinghadtailedoff,butGMmadeitpossibletodothingswithDNAthatconventionalbreedingcouldnotdo.DespitescaremongeringinEurope,GMtechnologyisspreadingelsewhere:mostoftheworld'ssoyaisnowGM.Producinglotsoffoodisnotmuchgoodunlessyoucandistributeit,soadvancesindistributiontechnologyhavebeenasimportantasthoseinproductiontechnology.Salt,usedtopreservefood,whichmeantthatitcouIdbestoredandtraded,wasanearlyaidtodistribution.Canningarrivedintheearly19thcentury,whenaFrenchmandiscoveredthatfoodcouldbestoredlongerifitwasheatedbeforeitwasbottled,andaBritonworkedoutthattincanswereeasiertotransportthanbottles;andboththeBritishandtheFrencharmiesusedthetechnologytofeedtheirtroopsintheNapoleonicwars.FrancisBacon,aBritishscientistandessayist,wasanearlyvictimofthestruggletodeveloprefrigerationtechnology:hediedin1626aftereatingsomechickenthathehadstuffedwithsnowaspartofanexperiment.In1877thefirstshiploadoffrozenbeefwascarriedfromArgentinatoFrance.Theimpactonthefoodindustryofthespreadofthedomesticrefrigeratorinthe20thcenturywasrivalledonlybythatofthecar,whichchangedthefaceofretailingbyallowingsupermarketstodevelop.Supermarketshavehelpedpushdownpricesprincipallybecauseoftheirscale.BigbusinessescaninvestinITsystemsthatmakethemefficient.Andtheirsizeallowsthemtobuyinbulk.Themoreconcentratedtheretailbusinessbecomes,thebiggersupermarketsget,thefurtherpricesgetpusheddownuntil,ofcourse,thereissomuchconcentrationthatthereisnotenoughcompetition.Britain'sCompetitionCommissionindicatedearlierthisyearthatthesupermarketindustrywasmovingtowardsthatpoint:itrefusedtoletanyofthetopthreesupermarketchainsbuyoneofthesmallerplayers.InAmerica,however,wherethesizeofthecountrymeansamorefragmentedretailbusiness,thereisstillscopeforfurtherconcentration:the"blackdeath",asWal-Martisknowninthetrade,isexpectedtoclaimmorevictims.Wal-Mart'sscale,theefficiencyofitsITsystemsandthecheapnessofitsnon-unionisedlabourforce($8-10anhourcomparedwith$17-18formid-sizedplayerssuchasAlbertsons,Ahold,SafewayandKroger),giveitamassiveadvantage.ItsellsColgatetoothpasteforanaverageof63%ofitscompetitors*price,Tropicanaorangejuicefor58%andKellogg'sCornFlakesfor56%.Analystsexpectatleastoneofthemid-sizedfirmstodisappear.Theconcentrationofpoweramongretailershasledtoanotherstageintheshiftinpowerdownthefoodchain.Onceuponatime,powerlaywithlandlords.Inthe20thcentury,asprocessinganddistributionbecamemoreimportant,sodidthefoodproducers.LordHaskins,TonyBlair'sadviseronfarming,recallsgoingtofoodindustryconferencesinthe1970s,whentherewouldbealineofRolls-Roycesoutside,allbelongingtoproducers.Retailerconcentrationhasshiftedpower(andprofits)furtherdownthefoodchainNolonger.Retailerconcentrationhasshiftedpower(andprofits)furtherdownthefoodchain.Buttheretailersarenotthetypetoswankaroundinflashcars.Theyareostentatiouslyparsimonious,advertisingtheirdeterminationtokeeppricesdown.Wal-Mart'sheadquartersinBentonville,Arkansas,isinaconvertedwarehouse.

4Tesco,Britain'sbiggestprivate-sectoremployer,hasitsheadquartersinaStalinistbunkerinanastybitofnorth-eastLondon.Besidethemainreceptionitssharepriceisproudlydisplayedononeofthoseblackboardswithwhiteplasticlettersstuckontoitthatyouseeinthecheapestsandwichbars.Oneofthemanifestationsofretailers'power(whichalsoreinforcesit)isthegrowthofprivate-label(ie,supermarket-notproducer-branded)goods.In2002,accordingtotheBostonConsultingGroup,own-labelmadeup39%ofgrocerysalesinBritain,21%inFranceandonly16%intheUnitedStates,buteverybodythinksthat,asretailingbecomesmoreconcentrated,AmericaisgoingthewayofBritain.Retailerscansellprivate-labelonlyifthepricecutstheyoffermeanmoretoconsumersthanaproducer'sbrand.Asown-labelhasexpanded,sosupermarketshavebeentakingallbutthemostsuccessfulbrandsofftheirshelves.ulfyouareamust-havebranditsfine/*saysDidoHarding,Tesco'scommercialdirector.41fyou'reasub-globalbrand,life'smuchharder."Theshiftinpowertoretailershasputpressureonproducers'margins,hencehugeprogrammesofcuts.Since2000,Uni-leverhascutitsworkforceby33,000to245,000anddroppedlotsofminorbrandsaspartofits“pathtogrowth“strategy.Cadburyisthelatesttoannouncebigcuts:inOctoberitsaidthatitwillbeshutting20%ofits133factoriesandcutting10%ofits55,000globalworkforce.Thesecutsshouldhelpkeepcosts,andthusthepriceoffood,low.Doescheapfoodmakepeopleunhealthy?Insomeways.HydrogenatedvegetabIeoil,forinstance-vegetablefatmadesolidbyaddinghydrogenatoms—isthenutritionists*currentbetenoire.Widelyusedasacheapsubstituteforbutterandcream,itisthemaindietarysourceoftransfats.Transfatsareheavilyimplicatedinheartdisease;companiesaretakingthemoutofproductsforfearoflawsuits.Cheapfoodmayalsomakepeopleeatmore.Inapaperentitled“WhyhaveAmericansbecomemoreobese?”DavidCutler,JesseShapiroandEdwardGlaeser,agroupofHarvardeconomists,notethat,amongOECDcountries,obesityiscorrelatedtothelevelofregulation:themorefoodlaws,themoreprotectedlocalproducersare,theharderitistoimporttechnology,theslimmerpeopletendtobe.Theyreckonthatisbecauseofprice:thelessregulatedacountry,thecheaperaBigMactendstobe.Butitcouldbeanotherfactor:heavilyregulatedcountriesmight,forinstance,beplaceswithstrongerfamilytieswhererealmealshavesurvivedandpeopleeatfewersnacksandlessfastfood.GivingpeoplebiggerportionsisaneasywayofmakingthemfeeltheyhavegotabetterdealFoodcompaniescertainlythinkgivingpeoplemorefoodfortheirmoneymakesthembuymore.Thatiswhyportionshavebeengettinglargerandlarger.InAmerica,softdrinks,whichusedtocomein8ozandthen12ozcontainersnowcomein20ozones.AsDennisLombardiofTechnomic,afood-industryconsultancyinChicago,pointsout,givingpeoplebiggerportionsisaneasywayofmakingthemfeeltheyhavegotabetterdeal."IfIcangiveyouan8ozportionfor$7,Icangiveyoua12ozportionfor$8.Theonlyincrementalcosttomeisthefood,whichprobablycost25cents."Everybody,therefore,hasdoneit.Scientistshaveshownthatportionsizepartlydetermineshowmuchpeopleeat.BarbaraRolls,anutritionprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,fedsubjectsmacaronicheese,somein2.5-cupportions,somein5-cupportions.Theoneswiththebigportionsate27%more,onaverage,thanthosewithsmallportionsbutdidnotreportfeelinganyfuller.BrianWansinkattheUniversityofIllinoisfoundthatifyougivemovie-goersanextra-largebucketofpopcorn,theyeatnearlyhalfasmuchagainasifyougivethemthenextsizedown,evenifthepopcornisstale.Nowcompaniesareunderpressuretostopsellingpeoplemoreforless.Butitisahardtrendtoreverse,asMrLombardipointsout."HowaboutIgiveyouathirdlessfoodfor$1less?Idon'tthinkso.”Paragraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3

5Paragraph4A.HugeretailersforceproducerstocuntcostsB.ConsumerslikesupermarketsC.TechnologyhelpsreducefoodpricesD.FoodcomescheaperinlargerportionsE.ChainstoresprovidebetterserviceF.Biggersupermarketsofferlowerprices27.Bigsupermarketscanofferfoodatlowerpricesbecausetheycanbuyin28.Somefoodproducershavereduced__29.Besidescuttingitsworkforce,unileveralsoabandonedits__30.Buyerslikebiggerportionbecausetheythinktheyhavegot__A.theirworkforceB.hugeportionsC.largequantitiesD.theirmoneyE.agoodbargingF.minorbrandsᫀ23.Ctechnologyhelpsreducefoodprices24.Fbiggersupermarketsofferlowerprices25.A.Hugeretailersforceproducerstocutcosts26.D.foodcomescheaperinlargerportions27.Bigsupermarketscanofferfoodatlowerpricesbecausetheycanbuy_)ᫀC:inbulk=inlargequantities28.Someforcedproducershavereduced__)ᫀFominorbrands29.Besidescuttingitscost,Unileveralsoabandonedits)ᫀA.theirworkforce30.Buyerslikebigportionsbecausetheythinktheyhavegot__.)ᫀEoagoodbargain=abetterdealtᑖ▅-ᳮv03145⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ45ᑖ1☢ᨵ3wᦻwᦻ3ᨵ5⍝⚪஺᪷8ᦻᑁ:⚪!1ᨬs⌱⚗஺
wDNAtesting31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.DNAtestinghaschangedtheAmericanlegalsystem.B.DNAtestinghashelpedinnocentmengofreeinIllinois.C.DNAtestingusesgeneticstoidentifyaperson.D.DNAtestinghasplayedakeyroleincriminalinvestigation.32.DNAtestingwasfirstusedinacriminalcasebyA.alawyerinNewYorkB.studentsinIllinoisC.doctorsintheUnitedStates

6D.policeinGreatBritain33.TheinnocenceprojectusesDNAtestingtoA.setfreeinnocentprisonerB.helpthepoliceputpeopleinprisonC.findoutwhichlawyerareincompetentD.provethatsuspectsareguilty34.SomestudentsinNorthwesternUniversityA.provedsomeprisonerswerenotguiltyB.believedsomesuspectswerefromethnicgroupsC.toldthegovernorsofIllinoisnottofreetheprisonersD.showedDNAtestingwasnotalwaysreliable35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardDNAtesting?A.NegativeB.PositiveC.SuspiciousD.Indifferent)ᫀ31.What'sisthemainideaofthispassage?)ᫀD:DNAtestinghasplayedakeyroleincriminalinvestigation.Xᐵ(ᦻyᨬ3z)Butforthosewhoseinnocencehasbeenprovenandwhoarenowfreeman,DNAtestinghasmeantnothinglessthanareturntolife.AndwiththecarefuluseofDNAtesting,noinnocentpersonshouldeverbeconvictedagain.32.DNAtestingwasfirstusedinacriminalcaseby__.)ᫀD.policeingreatBritainXᐵtheveryfirstuseofDNAtestinginacriminalcasewasin1985ingreatBritain....becausepolicehadfoundsamplesofthekiller'sDNA...33.TheInnocenceProjectusesDNAtestingto__.)ᫀA.setfreeinnocentprisonersXᐵin1992,twolawprofessors,decidedtouseDNAevidencetohelpsetfreesuchmistakenlyconvictedprisoner.Theycreatedaorganizationcalledtheinnocenceproject.34.SomestudentsinNorthwesternUniversity.)ᫀA.provedsomeprisonerswerenotguilty.XᐵThestudents(atNorthwesternUniversity)provedthatinfacttheprisonerswerenotguiltyofthecrimetheyhadbeenaccusedof.35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsDNAtesting?)ᫀB.positive{ᵭ

^•)GoingHerOwnWayWhenshewastwelve,Mariamadeherfirstimportantdecisionaboutthecourseofherlife.Shedecidedthatshewantedtocontinuehereducation,Mostgirlsfrommiddle-classfamilieschosetostayhomeafterprimaryschool,thoughsomeattendedprivateCatholic"finishing**schools.Theretheylearnedalittleaboutmusic,art,needlework,andhowtomakepoliteconversation.ThiswasnotthesortofeducationthatinterestedMaria—orhermother.Bythistime,shehadbeguntotakeherstudiesmoreseriously.Shereadconstantlyandbroughtherbookseverywhere.Onetimesheevenbroughthermathbooktothetheaterandtriedtostudyinthedark.

7Mariaknewthatshewantedtogoonlearninginaseriousway.Thatmeantattendingthepublichighschool,somethingthatveryfewgirlsdid.InItalyatthetime,thereweretwotypesofhighschools:the“classical”schoolsandthe“technical"schools.Intheclassicalschools,thestudentsfollowedaverytraditionalprogramofstudies,withcoursesinLatinandGreeklanguageandliterature,andItaiianliteratureandhistoryl.Thefewgirlswhocontinuedstudyingafterprimaryschoolusuallychosetheseschools.Maria,however,wantedtoattendatechnicalschool.Thetechnicalschoolsweremoremodemthantheclassicalschoolsandtheyofferedcoursesinmodernlanguages,mathematics,science,andaccounting2.Mostpeople-includingMaria'sfather-believedthatgirlswouldneverbeabletounderstandthesesubjects.Furthermore,theydidnotthinkitwasproperforgirlstostudythem.Mariadidnotcareifitwasproperornot.Mathandsciencewerethesubjectsthatinterestedhermost.Butbeforeshecouldsignupforthetechnicalschool,shehadtowinherfather'sapproval.Shefinallydid,withhermother'shelp,thoughformanyyearsafter,therewastensioninthefamily.Maria'sfathercontinuedtoopposeherplans,whilehermotherhelpedher.In1883,atagethirteen,Mariaenteredthe"RegiaScuolaTecnicaMichelangeloBuonarroti,'inRome.Herexperienceatthisschoolisdifficultforustoimagine.Thoughthecoursesincludedmodernsubjects,theteachingmethodswereverytraditional.Learningconsistedofmemorizinglonglistsoffactsandrepeatingthembacktotheteacher.Studentswerenotsupposedtoaskquestionsorthinkforthemselvesinanyway.Teacherswereverydemanding,disciplineintheclassroomwasstrict,andpunishmentwassevereforthosewhofailedtoachieveorweredisobedient.36.Mariawantedtoattenda.37.Inthosedays,mostItaliangirls___.38.Maria'sfatherprobably___.39.HighschoolteachersinItalyinthosedayswerevery___.40.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat—ᫀ36.)ᫀC.technicalhighschool.37.)ᫀB.didn,tgotohighschool.38.)ᫀB.hadatraditionalviewaboutwomen.3.9)ᫀD.strict40.)ᫀD.Mariawasagirlofstrongw^wGrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist(ᦟ)culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern,butwithoutIosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct(GNP)஺TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenth

8enumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry'sprogressbypeople'shappiness.Ifthepeople'shappinessincreased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH)஺GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.PeoplearehealthierandarelivingIonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan'sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.41.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?A.Apresident.B.ABuddhistpriest.C.Ageneral.D.Aking.42.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.D.Tokeepitstraditionandcustoms.43.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyA.sellingmoreproducts.B.spendingmoremoney.C.spendinglessmoney.D.providingmorejobs.44.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappieriftheyA.havenewtechnology.B.canchangetheirreligion.C.haveagood,stablegovernment.D.havemoremoney.45.Today,manycountriesareA.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.

941.WhowasWangchuck?42.ApartfrommodernizationmodernizingBhuta,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhuta?43.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPby__.44.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappierifthey__.45.Todaymanycountriesare__.41.)ᫀD.kingXᐵ(
o)…anewrulercalledkingWangchuck...42.)ᫀD.keepitstraditionsandcustoms.XᐵWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutatobecomemodern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.43.)ᫀA.sellingmoreproductsXᐵTheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreasespeoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.44.)ᫀC.haveagoodstablegovernment45.)ᫀD.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.XᐵManycountriesareinterestedinHutan'sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.5ᑖ⊡ᐰᦻ(46~50⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ)☢Ḅᦻᨵ5ᜐᦻ3ᨵ6ᐸ5ᦻ᪷8ᦻᑁ:ᐸᑖPᨵឮᦻy☢஺᪗⚪themysteriesofNazcaInthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystified()peoplefordecades.---(46)Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seashells,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth.TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheyweren'tdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresontheplain,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines.Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstillamystery.-------(47)However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytoxxxxxandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys.Inthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthedrawingsareachronicle)ofthemovementofthestarsandplanets.--
஺(48)xxxxx,anastronomertestedhistheorywithacomputer,buthecouldn'tfindanyrelationbetweenthelinesandmovementsinspace.Anotherexplanationisthatthelinesmayhavebeenmadeforreligiousreasons.TheEnglishresearcherTonyMorrisoninvestigatedthecustomsofpeopleintheAndesxxxxxandlearnedthattheysometimespraybythesideoftheroad.It'spossiblethatxxxxx,thelinesofNazcawerecreatedforasimilarpurpose.------(49)Butxxxxxpeoplehaveneverconstructedanythingthisbig.Recently,twootherscientists,DavidJohnsonandSteveMabee,havespeculatedxxxxxlinescouldhavebeenrelatedtowater.Nazcaisoneofthedriestplacesinthexxxxxreceivesonly2cmofraineveryyear.WhileJohnsonwassearchingforxxxxxwatersourcesinthearea,henoticedthatsomewaterwaysbuiltancientxxxxxwereconnectedwiththelines.JohnsonbelievesthattheNazcalinesareagiantxxxxxundergroundwaterinthearea.----------(50)A.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.

10B.ASwisswriternamedErichVonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.C.Scholarsdifferininterpretingthepurposeofthedesigns.D.Thelargestpicturesmayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.E.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.F.HecalledNazca'thelargestastronomybookintheworld”.)ᫀ46.)ᫀE.seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.v᪆ItᢣRᦻḄ:oneofthemostunusualartworks47.)ᫀ:B.ASwiss()writernamedErichwrotethatNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.v᪆theNazcalinesPQRᦻḄlinesUFOsQᦻḄspaceship48.)ᫀF.HecalledNazca44thelargestastronomybookintheworld”.v᪆HePᢣRᦻḄanAmericanexplorerPaulAstronomyPQRᦻḄstars,planets49.D.Thelargestpicturesmayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.v᪆largest¡ᦻḄbigQCeremonies¡RᦻḄreligiousreasonsQ50.A.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.v᪆otherscientists¡RᦻḄtwoscientistsQ6ᑖb¢£(52~65⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ)☢Ḅᦻᨵ15ᜐ᪷8ᦻᑁ:ᜐ!1ᨬs⌱⚗஺TheOldGateIntheMiddleAgesthevastmajorityofEuropeancitieshadwallsaroundthem.Thiswaspartlyfor51-reasonsbutanotherfactorwastheneedtokeepoutanyoneregardedasundesirable,likepeopiewithcontagious52-.TheOldCityofLondongateswereall53-bytheendofthe18thcentury.ThelastofLondon'sgateswasremovedacenturyago,54-byastokeofluck,itwasneverdestroyed.Thisgateis,in55-fact,notcalledagateatall;itsnameisTempleBar,anditmarkedthe56-betweentheOldCityofLondonandWestminster.In1878theCouncilofLondontooktheBar57-,numberedthestonesandputthegateinstorage58-itsdesignwasunfashionableitwasexpensiveto59-anditwasblockingthetraffic.TheTempleBarTrustwassetupinthe1970'swiththe60-ofreturningthegatehome.Theaimofthetrustisthe61-ofthenation'sarchitecturalheritage.Transportingthegatewill62-physicallypullingitdown,stonebystone,removingandrebuildingitnearStPaul'sCathedral.Mostofthefacadeofthegatewillprobablybe63-,thoughthereisagood64-thatthebasicstructurewillbesound.Thehardest65-ofall,however,willbetorecreatethestatuesofthemonarchsthatoncestoodontopofthegate.51.()A.sensitiveB.DefensiveC.OffensiveD.primitive52.()A.diseasesB.injuriesC.symptomsD.colds53.()

11A.devotedB.declaredC.decreasedD.demolished54.()A.forB.orC.butD.none55.()A.realB.actualC.usualD.current56.()A.paresB.limitC.linesD.Borders57.()A.alongB.downC.upD.away58.()A.whileB.whereC.thatD.because59.()A.discoverB.repairC.fixD.maintain60.()A.opinionB.projectC.intentionD.design61.()A.conversionB.preservationC.reservationD.registration62.()A.meanB.stopC.keepD.continue63.()A.storedB.exchangeC.replacedD.recognized64.()A.chanceB.fateC.lessonD.idea65.()A.caseB.voiceC.jobD.type)ᫀ51.defensive52.diseases53.demolished54.but55.actual56.Borders(ᦻboundary)57.down58.because59.maintain60.intention61.preservation62.mean63.replaced64.chance65.job2011¤¥¦§¨ᔠªA«ὃe⚪K)ᫀ1ᑖ⌱⚗(115⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ)☢ᙳᨵ1ᡈᑜᨵ¯°±ᜐᑜ±ᑖ!1"#ᨬ%&⌱⚗஺1.Forsomeobscurereason,thesimplegameisbecomingverypopular.A.unclearB.obviousC.majorD.minor2.Theseaturtle'snaturalhabitathasbeenconsiderablyreduced.AgreatlyBsuddenlyCgenerallyDslightly3.1gotanotefromMoiraurgingmetogetintouch.AinstructingBnotifyingCpushingDinviting4.Itispossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.AraiseBposeCexperienceDhandleApproachstarttodealwith(asituationorproblem)inacertainwayv²³⚪஺5.ThedecisiontoinvadeprovokedstormsofprotestoAignoredBorganizedCcausedDreceived

126.Janesaidthatshecouldn'ttoleratethelonghours.AspendBtakeClastDstand7.At80,PeckwasstillvigorousandlivinginParis.AenergeticBhappyCaloneDbusy8.Foresterstaredathiscar,tremblingwithrage.AshakingBturningCjumpingDshouting9.Ayoungmanisbeinghailedaherotonightafterrescuingtwochildren.AreportedBprovedCpraisedDcaught10.1wantedtoaskheroutbutwasscaredthatshemightrefuse.AanxiousBsureCsadDafraid11.Atthattime,wedidnotfullygraspthesignificanceofwhathadhappened.AgiveBattachCloseDunderstand12.Andersonleftthetable,remarkingthathehadsomeworktodo.AdoubtingBsayingCthinkingDknowing13.Heassertedthatnuclearpowerwasasafeandnon-pollutingenergysource.AmaintainedBrecommendedCconsideredDacknowledged14.Thestudyalsonotesasteadydeclineinthenumberofcollegestudentstakingsciencecourses.ArelativeBgeneralCcontinuousDsharp15.Shealwaysfindsfaultwitheverything,AcriticizesBsimplifiesCevaluatesDexamines2ᑖ▅-ᑨ/016h22⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖ1☢Ḅᦻ3ᑡ567᪷8ᦻḄᑁ:;<5ᑨ/᝞?@ABḄCDEF⌱GA=᝞?@ABḄC┯IEF⌱GB=᝞?@ḄEFᦻJᨵAK⌱GC஺TheForbiddenAppleNewYorkusedtobethecitythatneversleeps.Thesedays,ifsthecitythatneversmokes,drinksordoesanythingnaughtyatleast,notinpublic
.TheBigAppleisquicklyturningintotheForbiddenApple.IfyouwantedaglassofwinewithyourpicnicinCentralPark,couldyouhaveone?Nochance.Drinkingalcoholinpublicisn'tallowed.Ifyoudecidedtofeedthebirdswiththelastcrumbs0´µ1ofyoursandwich.,youcouldbearrested.It'sillegalifyouwenttoabarforadrinkandacigarette,thatwouldbeOK,wouldn'tit?Er...no.Youcan'tsmokeinpublicinNewYorkCity.Whafsgoingon?Whyisthecitythatusedtobesoopen-mindedbecominglikethis?ThemayorofNewYorkisbehinditall.Hehasbroughtinawholelotofnewlawstostopcitizensfromdoingwhattheywant,whentheywant.Thepressareshocked.EventheNewYorkpolicehavejoinedtheargument.Theyrecentlyspent$100,000ona“Don'tblamethecop”campaign.OneNewYorkpoliceofficersaid,uWeraisemoneyforthecitybygivingpeoplefinesforbreakingsomeverystupidlaws.It'sallaboutmoney.”Theresultisalotoffinesforminoroffences.YoavKashida,anIsraeltourist,fellasleeponthesubway.Whenhewokeup,twopoliceofficersfinedhimbecausehehadfallenasleepontwoseatsyoumustn'tusetwoseatsinthesubway
.ElleandSergeSchroitmanwerefinedforblockingadrivewaywiththeircar.Itwastheirowndriveway.TheangryeditorofVanityFairmagazine,GraydonCarter,says,"UnderNewYorkCitylawitisacceptabletokeepaguninyourplaceofwork,butnotanemptyashtray/1Heshouldknow.Thepolicecametohisofficeandtookawayhisashtray0¶ᮞ¸1஺ButnotalloftheNewYork'sinhabitantsarecomplaining.MarciaDugatty,72,said,“Thecityhas

13changedforthebetter.Ifmorecitieshadtheselaws,Americawouldbeabetterplacetolive,“NixonPatricks,38,abarman,said,“Ilikethenewlaws,ifpeoplesmokedinhere,we'dgohomesmellingofcigarettes.MRecentfiguresshowthatNewYorknowhasfewercrimesper100,000peoplethan193otherUScities.Andifstrue-ifssafe,cleanerandmorehealthythanbefore.Butlefsbehonest-whogoestoNewYorkforitscleanstreets?16.SomeactivitieshaverecentlybecomeillegalinNewYork.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17.ItisnowillegaltosmokeordrinkalcoholanywhereinNewYork.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18.Eatingapplesintheparkisillegal.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19.Thebusinessmenlikethenewlaws.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20.ElleandSergeSchroitmanparkedtheircaronthepublicdriveway.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21.TheeditorofVanityFairmagazinethinkssomeofthenewlawsarestupid.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22.NewYorkiscleanerandsaferthanbefore.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3ᑖᭆᜧ"¡bᡂ02330⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ8ᑖ1▅-☢¹wᦻᦻ3ᨵ2⚗defg12326⚪⌕jkᡠmḄ6⌱⚗25oo⌱G1DḄq᪗⚪=22730⚪⌕jkᡠmḄ6⌱⚗⌱G4D⌱⚗ᑖbᡂ஺)ᫀºᙠ)⚪ᓱXQḄR.AreYouaSuccessfulLeader?1.Almostnothingwedointhiswordisdoneinisolation.Atworkoratplay,youllfindyourselfingroups,workingwithotherpeople:yourteamatwork,ameetingwithcolleagues,yourfamily,aholidaywithfriends,agroupofstudentsworkingtogether,adayoutwalkinginthemountains,agroupofneighborswantingtomakechanges.Itisnowrecognizedthatbeingabletoworksuccessfullywithotherpeopleisoneofthemajorkeystosuccess.Partlybecauseweneedtodoitsooften.2.InalmosteverysituationwhereyouYeinagroup,youwillneedaskilledleader.Allgroupsneedleadersandallsuccessfulgroupshavegoodleaders.Groupswithoutleadersorwithweakleadersalmostalwaysbreakdown.Membersofaleaderlessgroupoftenbegintofeeldissatisfiedandfrustrated.Timeiswastedandthetasksarenotachieved.Thereareoftenargumentsandtensionsbetweenpeopleasthereisnobodytokeepthegoalsclear.Somepersonalitiesdominateandotherdisappears.Oftengroupmembersbeginnottocometomeetingsinordertoavoidmoredisharmony.3.Somepeoplearenaturalleaders.Thecelebritychef,AntonioCarluccisays,"Trueleadersarebornandyoucanspottheminkitchens,"TheyYepeoplewhocombinetoughness,fairnessandhumour.Althoughalotofpeopleagreethattherearesomenatural-bornleaders,mostpeoplenowrecognizethatleadershipcanalsobetaught.Ourprofessionalandexperiencedstaffcantrainalmostanyonehowtobeasuccessfulleader.Goodleadersdon,tmakepeopledothingsinabossy,controllingway.Youcanlearnhowtoinvolveeveryone,encouragingthewholegrouptoworktowardsacommongoal.4.Ourtrainingcoursesuseactivitiesandtechniquestodeveloparangeofqualitieswhicharenecessarytobeagoodleader.Self-confidenceisvitalandbeingabletoovercomeyourownfearsabou

14tbeingaleader.SuccessfulleadersalsoneedtobecalmandintelligentTheyneedtobeabletoworkoutgoodstrategiesandmakesoundjudgmentsunderpressure.Lastly,andprobablymostimportantly,goodleadersneedtobesensitive,sociableandbeabletogetonwithawiderangeofpeople.Goodleadershipisessentiallytheabilitytoinfluenceothersandgoodleadersallowallmembersofthegrouptocontribute.A.Agoodleaderneedsavarietyofqualities.B.Thesetechniquesareusedtotrainleaders.C.Trainingcanmakegoodleaders.D.Mostofgoodleaderarenatural-born.E.Ifsimportanttohaveagoodleader.F.Peopleareingroups.23.Paragraph1.24.Paragraph2.25.Paragraph3.26.Paragraph427.Oneofthemajorkeystosuccessis28.Groupsoftenbreakdownbecauseof29.Goodleadersalwaysavoid.30.Self-confidenceisthekeyto.A.theabilitytoworkwithothers.B.encouraginggroupmembersC.lackofgoodleadersD.bossingpeoplearoundE.workingoutgoodstrategiesF.overcomingfearsaboutbeingaleader4ᑖ▅-ᳮv03145⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ45ᑖ1☢ᨵ3wᦻwᦻ3ᨵ5⍝⚪⍝⚪3☢½ᨵ4⌱⚗஺¾¿▅-ᦻÀ᪷8ᦻP)ᐸ3☢Ḅ³⚪k4⌱⚗⌱G1ᨬs)ᫀºᙠ)⚪ᓱXQḄR஺
wTheSmellofMoneyFormanyyearslargesupermarketshavebeenencouragingustospendmoneybypumpingthesmelloffreshly-bakedbreadintotheirstories.NowDaleAir,aleadingfirmofaroma0✏Â1consultants,hasbeenapproachedbyBarcla/sBanktodevelopsuitableartificialsmellsfortheirbanks.Researchershavesuggestedthatsurroundingcustomerswiththe“smellifmoney”willencouragethemtofeelrelaxedandoptimisticandgivethemaddedconfidenceinthebank'ssecurityandprofessionalism.Butbeforeasmellcanbemanufacturedandintroducedintobanks*airconditioningsystems.Itmustbeidentifiedandchemicallyanalyzed,andthishasprovedtobedifficult.Theproblemisthatbanknotes-andcoinstendtopickupthesmelloftheirsurroundings.Socashthathasbeensittinginacashregisteratafishmonger's0ÃÄ1willsmelloffish,andbanknotesusedtopayformealsinrestaurantswilltendtosmelloffood.Itmaybeachallenge,butaromaexpertshavelittledoubtthattheuseofartificialsmellscanbeaneffectiveformofsubconsciousadvertising.LunnPoly,aBritishtravelcompany,introducedthesmelIofcoconuts0ᬒ1intoitstravelagenciesandsawabigincreaseinspendingbyholidaymakers.Manycafesnowhaveelectricdispensers0ÆÇÈÉ1thatreleasethesmelloffreshlyroastedcoffeeneartheirentrances,subtlyencouragingcustomerstocomeinandhaveadrinkorsnack.Evenprestig

15iouscarmakerRolls-Roycehasbeensprayingtheinsideofitscarstoenhancethesmelloftheleatherseats.“Thesenseofsmellisprobablythemostbasicandprimitiveofallhumansenses,HexplainsresearcherJimO'Riordan.“Thereisadirectpathwayfromtheolfactory0ÊËḄ1organsinthenosetothebrain.5,Itiscertainlytruethatmostpeoplefindcertainsmellsincrediblystrong,stringingmemoriesandfeelingsinawaythatfewotherstimulants0ÌÍᱥ1canrival.Itisaphenomenonmarketingconsultantshavelongrecognized,butuntilrecentlyhavebeenunabletoharness."We'vemadegreatprogressbutthetechnologyofodourproductionisstillinitsinfancy/5saysO'Riordan,uWhoknowswhereitwilltakeus.”31.ArtificialsmellshaveNOTbeenusedinAcafesBbanksCtravelagenciesDsupermarkets32.Researchersbelievethatintroducingthe“smellofmoneyMintobankswencouragepeopleAtospendmoneyBtofeelconfidentaboutbanksCtoearnmoremoneyDtowithdrawmoneyfrombanks33.Thedifficultyofproducingthe“smellofmoney^^liesinthatApeople'sattitudestowardmoneyaredifferentBit'shardtoidentifyandanalyzeitCnotechnologycandoitDexpertshavenomotive34.Theword“harness”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningtoAseeBstudyCcontrolDunderstand35.ResearchersthinkAartificialsmellshelptoimprovepeople'smemoryBthetechnologytoproduceartificialsmellsisintheearlystageCartificialsmellsareharmfulDtheproductionofartificialsmellsisprofitably+wSpoiltforChoice0A«1Choice,wearegivento1believe,isaright.Indailylife,peoplehavecometoexpectendlesssituationsaboutwhichtheyarerequiredtomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Inthemain,thesearejustirksomemomentsatworkwhichdemandsomeextraenergyorbrainpower,orduringlunchbreakslikechoosingwhichtypeofcoffeetoorderorindeedwhichcoffeeshoptogoto.Butsometimesseiectingoneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhaveseriousorlifelongrepercussions.Morecomplexdecision-makingistheneitheravoided,postponed,orputintothehandsofthearmyofprofessionals,lifestylecoaches,lawyers,advisors,andthelike.waitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee.Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworld,inrichandpoorcountries,choiceisaluxury,notaright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,createdbycompaniesandadvertiserswantingtoselltheirwares.Themainimpactofendlesschoiceinpeople'slivesisanxiety.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessness,evenparalysis,inmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway,orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedinordertosolvetheproblemandreducetheunease.RecentsurveysintheUnitedKingdomhaveshownthatasizeableproportionofelectricalgoodsboughtperhouseholdarenotreallyneeded.Theadvertisersandtheshareholdersofthemanufacturersare,nonetheless,satisfied.Itisnotjusttheiravailabilitythatistheproblem,butthespeedwithwhichnewversionsofprodu

16ctscomeonthemarket.Advancesindesignandproductionmeanthatnewitemsarealmostreadybythetimethatgoodshittheshelves.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Theclassicexampleiscomputerswhicharealmostobsoleteoncetheyarebought.Atfirst,therewereonlyoneortwoavailablefromalimitednumberofmanufacturers,butnowtherearemanycompaniesallwithnotonlytheirownproductsbutdifferentversionsofthesamemachine.Thismakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwithease.intoashopandbuyonething;nochoice,noanxiety.Theplethora0ÜÝij
ofchoiceisnotlimitedtoconsumeritems.Withthegreatermobilityofpeoplearoundtheworld,peoplehavemorechoiceaboutwheretheywanttoliveandwork-afairlyrecentphenomenon.Inthepast,nationsmigratedacrosshugeswathesoftheearthinsearchoffood,adventure,andmorehospitableenvironments.Wholenationscrossedcontinentsandchangedthefaceofhistory,Sothemobilityofpeopleisnothingnew.Thecreationofnationstatesandborderseffectivelyslowedthisprocessdown.36.SometimespeopleaskprofessionalstohelpthemmakedecisionsbecauseAthedecisionsmayhaveseriousimpactontheirlivesBonlyprofessionalshavetherighttodothatCtheyhavesufficientmoneytopayDtheyhaveemotionalproblems37.Whenpeoplecannoteasilydecidewhattobuy,whichofthefollowingistheleastpossiblechoice?AGivingupBWalkingawayCBuyinganunsuitableitemDSeekingadvice38.Whydoproductshaveashortlifespannowadays?ATheyareofpoorquality.BTheyarequicklyreplacedwithnewones.CTheyhavetoomanyversions.DTheyarenotdesignedbycomputers.39.Howdoesmigrationtodaydifferfromthatofthepast?APeoplenowmigratetofindbetterjobs.BPeoplenowmigrateforbetterlife.CPeoplenowmigrateforbetterenvironments.DPeoplenowhavemorechoiceaboutwheretomigrate.40.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthewriter'sviewonchoice?ABettermorechoicethannochoiceBBetternochoicethanmorechoiceCAllchoiceiseasyDMorechoice,moreanxiety^wCellPhones:HangUporKeepTalking?Millionsofpeopleareusingcellphonestoday.Inmanyplacesitisactuallyconsideredunusualnottouseone.Inmanycountries,cellphonesareverypopularwithyoungpeople.Theyfindthatthephonesaremorethanameansofcommunication-havingamobilephoneshowsthattheyarecoolandconnected.Theexplosionsaroundtheworldinmobilephoneusemakesomehealthprofessionalworried.Somedoctorsareconcernedthatinthefuturemanypeoplemaysufferhealthproblemsfromtheuseofmobilephones.InEngland,therehasbeenaseriousdebateaboutthisissue.Mobilephonecompaniesareworriedaboutthenegativepublicityofsuchideas.Theysaythatthereisnoproofthatmobilephonesarebadforyourhealth.Ontheotherhand,whydosomemedicalstudiesshowchangesinthebraincellsofsomepeopl

17ewhousemobilephones?Signsofchangeintheissuesofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmodernscanning0éê1equipment.Inonecase,atravelingsalesmanhadtoretireatayoungagebecauseofseriousmemoryloss.Hecouldn'trememberevensimpletasks.Hewouldoftenforgetthenameofhisownson.Thismanusedtotalkonhismobilephoneforaboutsixhoursaday,everydayofhisworkingweek,foracoupleofyears.Hisfamilydoctorblamedhismobilephoneuse,buthisemployer'sdoctordidn*tagree.Whatisitthatmakesmobilephonespotentiallyharmful?Theanswerisradiation.High-techmachinescandetectverysmallamountsofradiationfrommobilephones.Mobilephonecompaniesagreethatthereissomeradiation,buttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.Asthediscussionabouttheirsafetycontinues,itappearsthatifsbesttousemobilephoneslessoften.Useyourregularphoneifyouwanttotalkforalongtime.Useyourmobilephoneonlywhenyoureallyneedit.Mobilephonescanbeveryusefulandconvenient,especiallyinemergencies.Inthefuture,mobilephonesmayhaveawarninglabelthatsaystheyarebadforyourhealth.Sofornow,ifswisenottouseyourmobilephonetoooften41.PeoplebuycellphonesforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthatAtheyYepopularBtheyYecheapCtheyYeusefulDthey'reconvenient42.Theworld“detected”inparagraph3couldbebestreplacedbyAcuredBremovedCdiscoveredDcaused43.ThesalesmanretiredyoungbecauseAhedislikedusingmobilephonesBhewastiredoftalkingonhismobilephoneChecouldn'tremembersimpletasksDhisemployer'sdoctorpersuadedhimto44.Onthesafetyissueofmobilephones,themanufacturingcompaniesAdenytheexistenceofmobilephoneradiationBdevelopnewtechnologytoreducemobilephoneradiationCtrytoprovethatmobilephonesarenotharmfultohealthDholdthattheamountofradiationistoosmalltoworryabout45.Thewriter'spurposeofwritingthisarticleistoadvisepeopleAtobuymobilephonesBtoupdateregularphonesCtousemobilephoneslessoftenDtostopusingmobilephones5ᑖ⊡ᐰᦻ04650⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ1▅-☢Ḅᦻᦻyᨵ5ᜐᦻy3☢ᨵ6ëᦻì᪷8ᦻyḄᑁ:⌱G5ëᦻìᐸᑖPᦻyᨵឮᦻy஺)ᫀºᙠ)⚪ᓱXQḄR஺Mt.DesertIslandThecoastoftheStateofMaineisoneofthemostirregularintheworld.Astraightlinerunningfromthesouthernmostcoastalcitytothenorthernmostcoastalcitywouldmeasureabout225miles.Ifyoufollowedthecoastlinebetweenthesepoints,youwouldtravelmorethantentimesasfar.Thisirregularityistheresultofwhatiscalledadrownedcoastline46
.Atthattime,thewholeareathatisnowMainewaspartofamountainrangethattoweredabovethesea.Astheglacier0í1descended,however,itexpendedenormousforceonthosemountains,andtheysankintothesea.Asthemountainssank,oceanwaterchargedoverthelowestpartsoftheremainingland,formingaseriesoftwistinginletsandlagoons0îïð1.Thehighestpartsoftheformermountainrange,nearesttheshore,remainedasislands.47
Marinefossilsfoundherewere225feetabovesealevel,

18indicatingtheleveloftheshorelinepriortotheglacier.The2,500-mile-longrockycoastlineofMarinekeepswatchovernearlytwothousandislands.Manyoftheseislandsaretinyanduninhabited,butmanyarehometothrivingcommunities.Mt.DesertIslandisoneofthelargest,mostbeautifuloftheMainecoastislands.Measuring16milesby12miles.Mt.Desertwasessentiallyformedastwodistinctislands,(48)Foryears,Mt.Desertisland,particularlyitsmajorsettlement,BarHarbor,affordedsummerhomeforthewealthy.Recentlythough,BarHarborhasbecomearapidlygrowingartscommunityaswell.But,thebestpartoftheislandistheunspoiledforestlandknownasAcadiaNationalPark.Becausetheislandsitsontheboundarylinebetweenthetemperate(ñò)andsub-Arcticzones,theislandssupportstheplantsandanimalsofbothzonesaswellasbeach,inland,andalpine(óôḄ)plants.(49).TheestablishmentofAcadiaNationalParkin1916meansthatthisnaturalreservewillbeperpetuallyavailabletoallpeople,notjustthewealthy.VisitorstoAcadiamayreceivenatureinstructionfromtheparknaturalistsaswellasenjoycamping,cycling,andboating.Ortheymaychoosetospendtimeatthearcheologicalmuseum,learningabouttheStoneAgeinhabitantsoftheisland.ThebestviewonMt.DesertIslandisfromthetopofCadillacMountain.(50)Fromthesummit,youcangazebacktowardthemainlandoroutovertheAtlanticOceanandcontemplatethebeautycreatedbyaretreatingglacier.AItalsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.BMt.DesertIslandisoneofthemostfamousofalltheislandsleftbehindbatheglacier.CThewealthyresidentsofMt.DesertIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves.DThetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage.EThismountainrises1,532feet.MakingitthehighestmountainontheAtlanticseaboardFItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSound,adeepandnarrowstretchofwatersevenmileslong.6ᑖb¢£(5165⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ)▅-☢Ḅᦻᦻᨵ15ᜐᜐm564⌱⚗᪷8ᦻḄᑁ:k4⌱⚗⌱G1ᨬs)ᫀºᙠ)⚪ᓱXQḄR஺SexchangesurgeryguidelinesdraftedChinaissettoissueitsfirstclinicalguidelineonsex-changesurgery,accordingtoanoticeputonthewebsiteoftheMinistryofHealthyesterday.Theministryisnowsoliciting(õj)publicandprofessional(51)onthedraftguideline.Thecomingguidelineaimstoregulateandstandardizesexreassignmentsurgery.Experts(52)nearly2,000Chinesehaveundergonesex-changesurgerywhile100,000to400,000arestillconsideringit.However,noofficialnumberisavailable.Inthedraft,theMOHsetsminimum____(53)forbothsurgicalcandidatesandmedicalinstitutions.Candidatesforthesurgerymustbeolderthan20andsingle,thedraftguidelinesaid.Theyarealsorequiredtoproveapersistent(54)forasexchange,toliveforatleastfiveconsecutiveyearsfull-timeinthenewgenderrole,andtoengageinmentaltherapyforatleastoneyear.Beforesurgerycantakeplace,acandidatemustreceivearecommendationfortheoperationfroma(55)afteranappropriateseriesoftherapysessions.Also,severallegalrequirementsmustbemet(56)theprocedure.Thecandidatemustprovideprooffrompolicethatheorshehasdoesnothaveanycriminal(57)inthepast.Policemustalsoagreetochangethesexstatusontheidentitycardoftheprospective(öᩭḄ)receiverbeforethe(58)cantakeplace.Theadvent(5ø)ofsuchaguidelineisbelievedtoshowthatthegovernmentisconcerned(59)theneedsofarelativelysmallnumberofpeoplewhowanttochangesex.Butdoctorsalsowarn(60)allstakeholders,includingthehospitalandprospectivereceivers,shouldbehighlycautious

19aboutthissurgery.Theoperationismorethanamedical(61)duetoitshugesocialandlegalconsequences.Doctorsshouldmakeitcleartothose(62)sex-changesurgeriesthattheoptionalwaysremainstocontinuetoliveintheoriginalrole.Theguideline(63)surgeonstotellpatientsaboutotheroptionssuchashormonetherapy.Theyarealsorequiredtoexplainthe(64)involved,andunderlyingsocialbarriersincludingdiscrimination,andadministrativerecognitionandapproval.Forthecandidates,thesurgeryitselfisnotthe(65)issueinthelongrun.Therealissueisthekindoflifeheorshewillhavetoleadafterward.51.A.policiesB.placesC.opinionsD.services52.A.acknowledgeB.estimateC.suggestD.advocate53.A.patternB.recordC.criteriaD.example54.A.problemB.desireC.effortD.feedback55.A.psychologistB.physicistC.chemistD.geologist56.A.beforeB.afterC.underD.during57.A.courtsB.offencesC.tendenciesD.damages58.A.accidentB.debateC.conferenceD.operation59.A.aboutB.withC.toD.of60.A.ifB.whileC.whatD.that61.A.procedureB.careC.conditionD.examination62.A.followingB.helpingC.studyingD.seeking63.A.recommendsB.putsC.requiresD.warns64.A.risksB.differencesC.reasonsD.facts65.A.socialB.bigC.economicD.current2011¤¥¦§¨ᔠªA«ὃe)ᫀ
ஹ⌱⚗1.Aunclear-obscure.úûüýᨎḄ2.A(greatly)-considerably,greatly"ÿadv.ᙢᙢ3.C(push)—urgepush4.Dhandle-approachApproach2starttodealwith(asituationorproblem)inacertainway⚪஺5.Ccaused---provoke:᝼..⌼ᡂ6.Dstand!tolerate"#ஹ%#7.Aenergetic—vigorous&'ᐙ)Ḅᨵ,'Ḅ8.Ashake-tremble-ᢘ-/9.Cpraised--hail:01.23.45.ᔣ71.10.Dafraid---scared8᝿.អ;11.Dunderstand--graspᳮ=>12.Bsaying--remarking?@?A13.Amaintained14.C(continuous)-steady.BCḄ15.Acriticizes--findsfaultwithᢧ┯ᢇG!ஹ▅IᑨK16.A17.B18.C19.C20.B21.A22.A.LஹᭆNᜧPQᡂRS23.F24.E25.C26.A27.A28.C29.D30.F

20Tஹ▅Iᳮ31.B32.B33.B34.C35.B36.A37.D38.B39.D40.D41.B42.C43.C44.D45.Ccஹ⊡ᐰfᦻ46.D47.B48.F49.A50.EjஹQklm51.opinions(C)52.estimates(B)53.criteria(C)54.desire(B)55.psychologist(A)56.before(A)57.offences(B)58.operation(D)59.about(A)60.that(D)61.procedure(A)62.seeking(D)63.requires(C)64.risks(A)65.big(B)2010ᐰὃ⚪ஹᫀ⚪ᔠ(A)⚪ᑖ⌱⚗(115⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ)¡☢£RS¤ᙳᨵ1£ᡈfᑜᨵ¨©ª«ᜐᑜªᑖC1£P®ᨬ°±Ḅ⌱⚗஺1.Ienjoyedtheplay-ithadacleverplotandveryfunnydialogues.A.boringB.longC.humorousD.original2.Iwanttoprovidemyboyswithadecenteducation.A.specialB.goodC.privateDgeneral3.Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment.A.doubtB.loveCsurpriseD.anger4.Thetwobankshaveannouncedplanstomergenextyear.A.combineB.closeC.breakD.sell5.Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners.AsimilarB.usualC.badD.polite6.Ican'tputupwithmyneighbor'snoiseanylonger,it'sdrivingmemad.A.measureB.generateC.tolerateD.reduce7.Regularvisitsfromasocialworkercanbeofimmensevaluetooldpeoplelivingalone.A.greatB.equalC.moderateD.immediate8.Hewasrathervagueaboutthereasonswhyheneverfinishedschool.A.badB.unclearC.brightD.general9.Steepstairscanpresentaparticularhazardtoolderpeople.A.caseB.pictureC.dangerD.evidence10.Hedemolishedmyargumentsinminutes.A.acceptedB.disprovedC.supportedD.disputed11.Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesofvigorousexerciseeveryday.A.energeticB.regularC.freeD.physical12.Lowertaxeswouldspurinvestmentandhelpeconomicgrowth.A.requireB.attractC.encourageD.spend13.Hewaskeptinappallingconditionsinprison.A.necessaryB.criticalC.normalD.terrible14.Theprojectrequiredtenyearsofdiligentresearch.AbasicB.scientificC.hardworkingD.social15.Ourarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil.A.doubtB.confusionC.reliefD.failure

21!ᑖ▅IᑨK²1622⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖ³¡☢Ḅfᦻ´ᑡA¶7£RS«᪷¸fᦻḄᑁº»£RSAᑨK᝞½¾R¿ÀḄÁÂÃÄ«⌱ÅA
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᝞½¾RḄÃÄᦻ¤Çᨵ¿«⌱ÅC஺TheWriting'sontheWall?Isitartorisitjustvandalism²ÈÉʳ?Well,it'sstillacrime,butgraffiti²Ìͳhaschangedsineethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghis"tag”,TAKI183,allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971,andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofart,musicanddancing,poetry,languageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-citypeoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould.AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdale,GreaterManchester,hasbeensosuecessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune."We?eplanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandGermanyforaweek,"saysLiam,oneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000,andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes."Weallshareacommoninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother."Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway."Beforewebegan,peoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnow,withalltheartistshangingoutdownthere,peopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow."Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegally,therehasbeenafallintheamountof'lagging"onpeople'sprivateproperty.StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn*tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.So,at12yearsold,Temperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe'dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampton,England."Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.Hhesays.16.DemetriuswasateenagerfrominNewYork.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.ThegraffitischemeinRochdalewasforteenagersonly.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Peopledidnotlikeusingthesubwaybeforeanorganizedgroupofgraffitiaritistscame.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Sincetheschemestarted,newwallinthetownweresprayedwithgraffiti.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.MostoftheothergraffitiartistsinEnglandwereabouttenyearsolderthanTemper.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Temper,astreetartist,isnowheadofgraffiticlubinEngland.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.Temperisinvolvedinmanydifferentaspectsofhip-hopculture.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedLᑖᭆNᜧPÎQᡂRS²2330⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ8ᑖ³¡☢Ḅfᦻ´ᨵ2⚗ÏÐÑ1
23-26⚪⌕ÓÔᡠÖḄ6£⌱⚗¤2-5××⌱Å1£ᨬØ᪗⚪2
27-30⚪⌕ÓÔᡠÖḄ6£⌱⚗¤£RSC1£ᨬØ⌱⚗஺WasteNot,WantNotIBobandClaraDarlington,whoownandrunafarmintheNorthofEngland,havealwayslooke

22dfornewwaysofmakingmoneyoutoftheproducetheygrow.Theirsuccessbeganwhentheyestablishedashopontheirfarm,sothatpeoplecouldcomeandbuyfreshvegetablesdirectlyfromthem.2Thebusinesswasanimmediatesuccess,andsoonscoredtopmarksinacompetitionsetupbytheFarmRetailAssociationtofindthebestfarmshopinthecountry.TheAssociation'sinspectorsfoundtheDarlingtons'shopofferedexcellentserviceandvalueformoneyaswellasqualityfruitandvegetable.3ClaraDarlingtonisatrainedchefand,inadditiontoarangeofhome-grownfoodsandotherIocalproduce,shebeganofferingavarietyofpreparedmealswhichshehadmadeherselfinthefarmhousekitchen.Asmallcafealongsidethefarmshopwassoonadded,witheverythingthatvisitorscouldtasteonthemenualsobeingforsaleintheshop.4Claraadmitsthatstartingthebusinesswasexpensive,andshehasworkedveryhard,butmaintainsthatiftheproductisgood,thepublicrecognizethisandbuyit."Iaimtoofferthehighestqualitytoourcustomers,whethertheycomeinforaloafofbread,ortakeawholedinner-partymenu.Itakeitasacompliment²ÚÛ³ifpeopletakehomeoneofmydishestoservetotheirfamilyandfriendsandgetawaywithpretendingtheymadeitthemselves.”5Soitwasthatthecouplerealizedthattheyhadasurplusofmisshapenordamagedvegetablesgrownonthefarmwhichwereunsuitableforsellingintheshop.Clara,notwishingtoseethemgetthrownaway,decidedtoturnthemintosoup.6ThesoupmetwiththeimmediateapprovalofcustomerstotheshopandClaranowproducestendifferentvarieties.ShespentmuchofthesummertravelingupanddowntoLondonbyrail,doingpresentationsofthesoups.Asaresult,theyarenowservedinfirst-classrailwayrestaurantcarsbelongingtothreecompaniesaswellasbeingstockedbyanumberofhigh-classLondonstores.23.Paragraph2.24.Paragraph3.25.Paragraph4.26.Paragraph5.A.ProfessionalrecognitionisobtainedB.EnsuringthatnothinggetswastedC.AnecessaryalternativetofarmingD.TimewellspentisrewardedE.Continuinginvestmentisnecessaryalternativetofarminginhighstand9rdsF.Professionalskillsareexploited27.BobandClaraDarlingtonestablishedashopto.28.Apartfromqualityfruitandvegetables,thecouple.29.Insteadofthrowingthedamagedvegetablesaway,thecouple.30.ClaraspentmuchofthesummergoingtoLondonto.A.sellfreshvegetablesB.turnthemintosoupC.sellasmuchaspossibleD.promotehersoupsE.fillagapinthemarketF.offeravarietyofpreparedmealsTᑖ▅Iᳮ²3145⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ45ᑖ³¡☢ᨵ3ÜfᦻÜfᦻ´ᨵ5⍝⚪஺«᪷¸fᦻᑁº⚪C1£ᨬØ⌱⚗஺1ÜTheIceman

23OnaSeptemberdayin1991,twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaiy.Highuponamountainpass,theyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10,499feet,or3,200meters
,theiceisusuallypermanent,but1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.Itwaslyingfacedownward.TheskeletonÞß³wasinperfectcondition,exceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillhoidingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark²᪛á³andaholderforarrows.Whowasthisman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscentury,perhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarI,sinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfather,whohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholder,maybeevenathousandyearsold.Withmoderndatingtechniques,thescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5,300yearsold.Bominabout3300B.C.,helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidence,however,tellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskin,butitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswound,andnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwar,orhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.Bystudyinghisclothesandtools,scientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhedied,buthehasgiveusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes.31.ThebodyoftheIcemanwasfoundinthemountainsmainlybecause.A.hewaslyingontheiceB.hewasjustonamountainpassC.twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsD.themeltedicemadehimvisible32.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A.TheIcemanlivedapoorlife.B.TheIcemanwasstruckdeadfrombehind.C.TheIcemanwaskilledwhileworking.D.TheIcemancouldhavediedfromthewoundinthehead.33.AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouttheIcemanEXCEPT.A.hewasasoldierinWorldWarIB.hewasaSwisswoman'slong-lostfatherC.hecamefromItalyD.hewasbornaboutathousandyearsago34.ThescientistsmadethedeductionthattheIcemanA.hadgotawoundonthebackofhisheadB.hadatinyholeinhisskincausinghisdeathC.washitintheshoulderbyanarrowheadD.wasprobablyinsomekindofabattle35.Theword“bandits”inparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby.

24A.soldiersB.huntersC.robbersD.shooters2ÜTheBestWaytoReduceYourWeightYouhearthis:"Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.MYoufeelsad:'1skipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo?”Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenes,notyourlifehabits,determineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat,"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese²âãḄ³parentsbecomeobese,ascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight.*'Howcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Well,dietingcanbeeffective,butthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirsch,aresearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversity,didastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeks,thesubjectslost45kgonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospital,theyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic²ä▰æçḄ³measurement,fatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn'tresultInnormalweight,butinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeople,however,sufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSims,oftheUniversityofVermont,gotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonths,theyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithout"hopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopusbtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.36.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthatourweightisdeterminedby.A.OureatinghabitB.OurlifestyleC.OurworkhabitD.Ourgenes37.InJulesHirsch'sstudy,thesubjects.A.showednohealthproblemB.gainedweightrapidlyC.wereallveryshortD.livedonlyonliquidfood38.Afterleavingthehospital,theeightfatpeople.A.attemptedsuicideB.werebacktonormalweightC.wentmad

25D.followedtheadviceofHirsch's39.InEthanSimsstudy,thesubjectswereaskedto.A.stayinprisonB.eatasmuchastheycouldC.battletheirgeneticinheritanceD.lowertheirweight40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Eachpersonwantstoeattohisheart'scontent.B.Each,personhasaweightrangeof9kg.C.Eachpersonhasanaturalweightrange.D.Eachpersonwantstocontrolhisweight.3ÜFoodforLearningInEritrea,asmallcountryinnortheastAfrica,approximately80percentofthepopulationisilliterate.Thatpercentageisevenhigherinwoman.Asinmanydevelopingcountries,manyEritreanshavetraditionalideasabouttheroleofwomen.Theybelievethatwomenshouldstayhomeandtakecareofthefamilyandshouldnotgetaneducationorlookforajob.ThesebeliefsareoneofthefactorsthatpreventEritrieaandotherdevelopingcountriesfromimprovingtheireconomicsituation.Experienceinmanydevelopingcountrieshasshownthateducatedwomenhavefewerchildrenandhavemoreopportunitiesforimprovingtheirlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies.InEritrea,infact,thereisgreatneedforimprovement.Itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld.FormanyEritreanfamilies,gettingenoughfoodisadailyproblem.Todealwiththeseproblems,theEritreangovernmenttogetherwiththeWorldFoodProgram,hasanewprogramthatoffersfoodasarewardforlearning.Inprimaryschools,allthechildrenreceivefoodpackagestotakehometotheirfamilies.However,withthenewprogram,thegirlsreceivemorefoodthantheboys.Thisway,parentsareencouragedtosendtheirdaughtertoschoolratherthankeepingthemathome.AnothergovernmentprogramthataimstoeducatewomenisFoodforTraining.ManagedbytheNationalUnionofEritreanWomen,thisprogramofferfoodrewards(alsofromWorldFoodOrganization)towomenandeldergirlswhoarewillingtojointheprogram.BecauseofthewarwithEthiopia,manywomenarebringinguptheirfamiliesontheirown.Theyoftenliveinrefugeecamps,withnolandoftheirownandnowaytoearnmoney.Mostofthesewomenareilliterateandhavenoskillstofindajob.Theyspendmostoftheirdaylookingforfoodandpreparingitfortheirfamilies.TheFoodforTrainingprogramhelpstheteenagersandwomenchangetheirlives.Iftheyagreetojointheprogram,theyreceivealargepackageoffoodeachmonth.Inreturn,thewomenarerequiredtoattendfreeliterateclassesfortwohourseveryday.WhenFoodforTrainingclassesintworegionsofEritrea,5000girlsandwomenjoinedinthefirsttwomonths.Itisespeciallypopularwithteenagegirls,agedfourteentosixteen,whohaveneverhadachancetogotoschoolbefore.TheorganizersofFoodforTrainingalsoplanstoofferotherkindsofcoursesforwomen,usingthesamesystemoffoodrewards.Inthesecourses,theywillteachwomenjobskillsandcraftssuchasbasketweaving.Thesewomenwillnotonlylearntoreadandwrite.Theywillbecomeawareofwhatisgoingonintheircountry.41.Accordingtothepassage,traditionalideasaboutwomen.A.arerejectedbyyoungergenerationB.helpimprovetheeconomyC.hindereconomicdevelopment'

26D.havelittleimpactoneconomicdevelopment42.TheEritreangovernmentisofferingextrafoodtogirlsinschoolinorderto.A.encouragetokeepgirlsathomeB.changetraditionalattitudestowardswomenC.helpgirlsfeedtheirfamiliesD.createmorejobsforEritreanteachers43.WiththeFoodforLearningprogram,womengetalargepackageoffoodaslongasA.theyattendfreeliteracyclasseseverydayB.theyhavenolandoftheirownC.theybringuptheirfamiliesontheirownD.theyliveinrefugeecamps44.Thenewliteracyprogramsareanexampleof.A.theworkof5,000womenandteenagegirlsB.theproblemswiththeaidofinternationalorganizationsC.localandinternationalorganizationsworkingtogetherD.theEritreangovernmentworkingtokeepitspower45.Accordingtothepassage,FoodforTrainingwè.A.helpwomenbettertheirlivesB.encouragewomentoleavetheircountryC.teachwomenaboutinternationalaidD.allowwomentospendmoretimeathomecᑖ⊡ᐰfᦻ(4650⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ)¡☢Ḅfᦻᨵ5ᜐm>fᦻ´ᨵ6£RSᐸ¤5Rêëfᦻ«ᢥ᯿fᦻᑁºîᐸᑖïðñòᨵóôõឮ÷ᦻøòù஺IKnowJustHowYouFeelDoyoufeelsad?Happy?Angry?Youmaythinkthatthewayyoushowtheseemotionsisunique.Well,thinkagain.Eventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingscanbeclassified,accordingtoMindReading,aDVDdisplayingeverypossiblehumanemotion.Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeelthefirstvisualdictionaryofthehumanheart.Attemptstoclassifyexpressionsbeganinthemid-1800s,whenDarwindividedtheemotionsintosixtypes-anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surpriseandenjoyment.(46)EveryotherfeelingwasthoughttoderivefromDarwin'ssmallgroup.MorecomplexexpressionsofemotionswereprobablyIearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture.Butnowitisbelievedthatmanymorefacialexpressionsaresharedworldwide.(47)TheMindReadingDVDisasystematicvisualrecordoftheseexpressions.TheprojectwasconceivedbyaCambridgeprofessorasanaidforpeoplewithautism(úûü)whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotions.Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses.Actorsandteachers,forexample,needtounderstandawiderangeofexpressions.Theprofessorandhisresearchteamfirsthadtodefinean"emotion'*(48)Usingthisdefinition,1,512emotiontermswereidentifiedanddiscussed.Thislistwaseventuallyreducedto412,from"afraid'*to"wanting”.Oncetheseemotionsweredefinedandclassified,aDVDseemedtheclearestandmostefficientwaytodisplaythem.InMindReading,eachexpressionisactedoutbysixdifferentactorsinthreeseconds.(49)Theexplanationforthisissimple:wemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwords,butweinstantlyrecogniseonewhenweseeitonsomeone'sface.HItwasreallyclear

27whentheactorshadgotitright,nsaysCathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD.*'Althoughtheyweregivensomedirection,'1saysMsCollis,“theactorswerenottoldwhichfacialmusclestheyshouldmove."(50)Forexample,whensomeonefeelcontempt,youcan'tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown.SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmerican,ProfessorPaulEkman,whohasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion.Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled"actionunits*'.Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10,000visiblefacialshapes.Ekmenhaswrittenoutapatternoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion.A.Hesaidthatthisexpressionoffeelingisuniversalandrecognizablebyanyonefromanyculture.B.Anyothermethodofshowingthe412emotionswouldhavebeenfarlesseffective.C.Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareaofbrainreadtheemotionalexpressions.D.Theseparticularmusclesaredifficulttocontrol,andfewpeoplecandoit.E.Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby*'lfeel*'"helooks"or"shesounds".F.Wethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotion,butitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesofthis.jᑖQklm(5165⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ)¡☢Ḅfᦻᨵ15ᜐm>«᪷¸fᦻᑁºᜐm>C1£ᨬØ⌱Å஺RacialPrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountries(51)thewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute(ýþḄ)force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby_(52)firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging(ÿ).Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyarguein(53)ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate(ᔠḄ)solution,(54)anyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreally(55)youwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch(ᐵij),wehavemadenoactual(56)atall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecorded(57)ofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthat_(58)neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesuffering(59)nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto(60)themorningafterwhenwedismally(▢ᙢ)contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwho(61)wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecuted(62)theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto(63)actswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedat(64)uptheslumsandghettos(),atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldnothavegonealongwayto(65)atasolution.51.A.whereB.whatC.whyD.when52.A.fightingB.returningC.catchingD.setting53.A.spiteB.memoryC.needD.favor54.A.toB.throughC.likeD.as55.A.fillsB.putsC.forcesD.sets56.A.progressB.decisionC.pointD.sense57.A.systemB.historyC.rangeD.business

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34AfaithfulBroyalCgenuineDsincere4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.AattractionBsimplicityCpowerDrigor5Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.AmistBfogCmysteryDsecret6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation.AannoyedBtroubledCthreatenedDaroused7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.AborrowedBpurchasedCrewrittenDcopied8Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch.AfastenedBencouragedCraisedDinitiated9Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney.AsomeBlittleCextraDenough10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.ApatientsBmiraclesCillnessDrecovery11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.AmonotonousBendlessCseriousDbitter12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment.AoldBunforgettableCfunnyDunfair13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.AfollowBorderCproveDhandle14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.AemptyBhairlessCbareDsmooth15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.AexpressionsBwarningsCinstructionsDadvertisements2ᑖ▅7ᑨ91622⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖ☢Ḅ%ᦻ;ᑡ=>7)᪷@%ᦻḄᑁBCD=ᑨ9᝞FGHIḄJK,LM)⌱NAO᝞FGHIḄJ┯QLM)⌱NBO᝞FGḄLMᦻ!RᨵH)⌱NC.KeeponFightingTurningonceagaintothequestionofinvasion,Iwouldobservethattherehasneverbeenaperiodinalltheselongcenturiesofwhichweboastwhenanabsoluteguaranteeagainstinvasion,stilllessagainstseriousraids,couldhavebeengiventoourpeople.InthedaysofNapoleonthesamewindwhichwouldhavecarriedhistransportsacrosstheChannelmighthavedrivenawaytheblockadingS┝fleet.Therewasalwaysthechance,anditisthatchancewhichhasexcitedandbefooledUVtheimaginationsofmanycontinentaltyrants.Manyarethetalesthataretold.Weareassuredthatnovelmethodswillbeadopted,andwhenweseetheoriginalityofmaliceឌ឴theingenuityofaggression,whichourenemydisplays,wemaycertainlyprepareourselvesforeverykindofnovelstratagemᡊᶍandeverykindofbrutalandtreacherous᝚\maneuver]^஺Ithinkthatnoideaissooutlandish_`Ḅthatitshouldnotbeconsideredandviewedwithasearching,butatthesametime,Ihope,withasteadyeye.Wemustneverforgetthesolidassurancesofseapowerandthosewhichbelongtoairpowerifitcanbelocallyexercised.Ihave,myself,fullconfidencethatifalldotheirduty,ifnothingisneglected,andifthebestarrangementsaremade,astheyarebeingmade,weshallproveourselvesonceagainabletodefendourislandhome,torideoutthestormofwar,andtooutlivethemenaceaboftyranny,ifnecessaryforyears,ifnecessaryalone.Atanyrate,thatiswhatwearegoingtotrytodo.ThisistheresolveofHisMajesty'sgovernment-everymanofthem.Thisisthewillofparliamentandthenation.TheBritishEmpireandtheFrenchrepublic,linkedtogetherintheircauseandintheirneed,willdefendtothedeaththeir

35nativesoil,aidingeachotherlikegoodcomradestotheutmostoftheirstrength.EventhoughlargetractsofEuropeandmanyoldandfamousstateshavefallenormayfallintothegripoftheGestapoandalltheodiouscdḄapparatusofNazirule,weshallnotflageforfail.Weshallgoontotheend,weshallfightinFrance,weshallfightontheseasandoceans,weshallfightwithgrowingconfidenceandgrowingstrengthintheair,weshalldefendourisland,whateverthecostmightbe,weshallfightonthebeaches,weshallfightonthelandinggrounds,weshallfightinthefieldsandinthestreets,weshallfightinthehills,weshallneversurrender,andevenif,whichIdonotforamomentbelieve,thisislandoralargepartofitweresubjugatedgᨴiandstarving,thenourempirebeyondtheseas,armedandguardedbytheBritishfleet,wouldcarryonthestruggle,until,inGod*sgoodtime,thenewworld,withitspowerandmight,stepsforthtotherescueandtheliberationoftheold.16ThroughoutBritain'shistory,therehasbeennoguaranteethataninvasionwouldnothappen.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17NapoleonandhisarmyoncecrossedtheEnglishChannelandconqueredBritainARightBWrongCNotmentioned18TheenemywilluseeverymeansconceivabletodestroyBritain.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19ChurchillisconfidentthathewilllivelongerthanHitler.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20TheRoyalAirForcewilllaunchmassiveairstrikesagainsttheGermans.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21TheBritishempireissostrongthatitdoesnothavetotakeHitlefsmenaceseriouslyARightBWrongCNotmentioned22AlthoughmanycountrieshavebeenoverrunbytheGermans,theBritishpeoplewillnevergivein.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3ᑖᭆkᜧ.mnᡂ2330⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ8ᑖ☢Ḅ%ᦻ;ᨵ2⚗pqr12326⚪⌕tuᡠwḄ6⌱⚗!*25xx1⌱Nᨬy᪗⚪O
22730⚪⌕tuᡠwḄ6⌱⚗!*,-1ᨬy⌱⚗஺McGrady'sSpectacularArt1WhenTracyMcGradyishealthy,hisplaycanbesobeautifulthatevenhisownteammatesonthecourtcannothelpbutadmireit-inthemiddleofagame2"It'shardforme,becauseI'mafanofbasketball,"Houstonpointguard{|}~Ḅ;RaferAlstontoldTheHoustonChronicle
inewspaperafterMcGrady's44-pointperformanceagainstUtahonJanuary5."Whenhe'sshootingtheballlikethat,alotoftimesI'mstandingtherewatchingand,allofasudden,theotherteam'sgettingtheballandgoingonafastbreakandI'mgettingyelledatbythecoach."Indeed,McGrady'sbodycontrol,hisenergy,hisshooting-watchingtheseislikewatchinganartistatwork,blendingcolors,constructingsentences,orplayingmusic.3Unfortunately,McGrady,27,hasn'talwaysbeenonthejob.Alreadythisseason,he'smissedsevengameswithbackspasmsAfterYaoMingwasinjuredonDec.23,itappearedHoustonwouldbewithoutbothofitsstars.McGrady,however,returnedthreedayslaterandhasbeenplayingwelleversince,scoringmorethan30pointsineachofthelastsixgames,asofTuesday.Houstoncan*tseemtogetonwithouthim.WhenMcGradywasinjured,theRocketswontwoandlostfive4uListen,thereareonlyfourorfivepeopleontheentireplanetthatcandothethingshecandowiththebasketball,“forwardShaneBattiersaidofMcGrady.uFromafan'sperspective-andwe'refanseventhoughwe'replayers-it'sreallyfuntowatchhimdothat.Fromaplayer'sperspective,hisgamecanaffeettheentireteam.NoquestionWeseehim,andwegetexcited,andthatpumpsusup.Hekeepsmakingshots,andsuddenlyitseemstobecomeeasierforeverybody.”

365Butitwon't,really.Houstonhasjustbegunatoughtime.FourofthenextsevengameswillbeplayedawayfromHouston.Sixofthegameswillbeagainstteamswithwinningrecords.Opponentswilldouble-teamMcGradyinanattempttodulltheimpactofhisart.Insteadofwatching,McGrady'steammateswillneedtocreatealittleartoftheirown.23Paragraph2஺24Paragraph3,25Paragraph4஺26Paragraph5஺ANecessityfortheTeammatestoImproveTheirOwnSkillsBEvaluationfromTwoDifferentPerspectivesCSpectacularPerformanceontheCourtDPlayersHoustonCan'tDoWithoutEYaoMing'sPerformanceFMcGrady'sInjury27McGradyplaysbasketballsowell_28YaoMingmissedseveralgames_29ThereareveryfewpeopleontheEarth_30Everyonewillhavetocontribute_AthathisteammatescannothelpadmiringhimBthatheisoftenyelledatbythecoachCwhocanplaybasketballsowellDbecausehehadbeeninjuredEifHoustonhopestowinFsincehereturned4ᑖ▅7ᳮ3145⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ45ᑖ☢ᨵ3%ᦻ%ᦻ;ᨵ5⍝⚪஺)᪷@%ᦻᑁB*⚪,-1ᨬy⌱⚗஺YouthEmancipationinSpainTheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents*homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry*sstate-runInstituteofYouth.Tocoaxyoungpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda“YouthEmancipation”programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious-Ḅlabormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists஺FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport“TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouthKeyforUnderstanding”஺“Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganizedsaidMinguez.InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews᜛ᵥ/alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.Parents'toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.

37“Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhellputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,“saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosII1UniversityinMadrid.Mothers*willingnesstodochildren'shouseholdchoresrworsenstheproblem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest,28,hasagirlfriendandajob.Butlifewithmumisgood.“HismumdoesthewashandcooksfbrhimOintheend,heliveswell,“Massosaid.31The“YouthEmancipationprogramalmsathelpingyoungpeopleAfightforfreedom.Bliveinanindependentway.Cfightagainstsocialinjustice.Dgetridoffamilyresponsibilities,32Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatfamilytiesarestrongerinPortugalthaninAFinland.BGreece.CSpain.DItaly.33Youngpeople'sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPTAparents'tolerance.Bhousingproblems.Cculturaltraditions.Dunwillingnesstogetmarried34WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofDionisioMasso?ASheis60yearsold.BShehasaboyfriend.CShehasthreechildrenDShelivesinMadrid35Thephrase“waryof“inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedbyAtiredof.Bafraidof.Ccautiousabout.Dworriedabout.¡RoadTripVacationsIt'ssummer.IntheUnitedStates,it'stheseasonofswimmingpools,barbequesᡝ᜛£ᾙcampingandroadtrips.Roadtripvacationswherethecarjourneyispartofthefunareespeciallypopularwithcollegestudents,wholiketoexplorethecountryonwheels.Thesebudgettripsareidealforstudentswhooftenhaveplentyoffreetimebutlittlemoney.uEversinceIwenttocollege,I'vebeentravelingaroundalot,exploringthecountry,“saidAustinHawkins,a19-year-oldcollegestudentfromNewYork.Thissummer,HawkinsandhisfriendshavespentweekendstravelinginNewEngland.Thebestpartaboutcartrips,saidHawkins,isthatyoucanbespontaneous."Onaroadtrip,ifyougetinterestedinthingsyouseealongthewayyoucanstopandexplore.”MattRoberts,a20-year-oldstudentfromOhiowhodrovetoMontreal,Canada,agrees."Withroadtripsyoudon'thavetoplaninadvance,youcanjustgetintoacaranddrive.w

38Evenwithhighgasprices,drivingwithfriendsischeaperthanflying.Robertspaidabout40dollarsforgas,butaroundtripplaneticketwouldhavecostnearly400dollars.Drivingtripsfirstbecamepopularinthe1920s.Newlypavedroadsandimprovedcarsmadeitpossibletotravellongerdistances.Motels¥¦§✂startedappearingoutsidecities.Bythe1950s,carownershipbecamethenorm.ConstructionoftheUSinterstate©▭Ḅhighwaysystembeganin1956andmotelandrestaurantchainspoppedup«ᯠ=everywheremakinglongdistancetripseasier.Today,theUShasthehighestcarownershiprateintheworld.Only8percentofAmericanhomeshavenocar,accordingtothemostrecentUScensus.Thoughmanycollegestudentsdon*townacar,mosthaveaccesstoone.OnmanyofHawkins1trips,theyusedaborrowedvan.Hawkins1mostmemorableroadtriptookplaceoverspringbreak.HeandtwofriendsdrovefromNewYorktoNewOrleanstovolunteer,helpingrebuildthecityafterHurricane®KatrinahititlastJuly.Theycrossedthecountryintwodaysandsleptintheircarinchurchparkinglots.Roberts'roadtriptoCanadalastwinterwasevenmoreeventful.UponarrivinginMontreal,theywerelostinablizzardandshiveringinthe-25°cold.Tofindtheirhotel,theyturnedonalaptop¯°±ᵯᨴ³anddrovearoundincirclesuntiltheyfoundaspotwithwirelessInternetcoverage.“1knowweshouldhaveplannedbetter,butwe'reyoung.Now,whenIseethoseguysIalwayssay'Rememberwhenwewerelostinthesnowstorm!'111neverforgetthat.”36Whoareroadtripvacationsespeciallypopularwith?ACollegestudentswholiketotravelonwheels.BTeacherswhohaveplentyoffreetimebutlittlemoneyCVolunteerswhowanttohelprebuildNewOrleans.DAmericanswhohavenocars.37WhatwillHawkinsdowhenheseessomethinginterestingonaroadtrip?AHewillturnback.BHewilldrivearound.CHewillstoptoexplore.DHewillstopexploring.38Whendidmotelssuddenlyappeareverywhere?AAftertheworktobuildtheinterstatehighwaysystemstarted.BWhendrivingtripsbecamepopular.CAftermanyroadswerepaved.DAfternewcarsweremade.39WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeHawkins'triptoNewOrlends?AEventful.BColorful.CDelightful.DUnforgettable,40Theword“blizzard”inparagraph12couldbebestreplacedbyAsnowstorm.Bhurricane.Cmist.Dfog.´TightenedVisaRegulations

39AccordingtoSouthKorea'snewvisaregulations,nativespeakersofEnglishinSouthKoreawillberequiredtoundergocriminalrecordchecks,medicalanddrugtests,providesealedacademictranscriptsᡂµᓫandhavetheiruniversitydiplomasinspected,TheKoreaTimeshasreportedThetightenedregulationswillaffectanestimated17,000foreignersthatholdE-2visas-specificallyforforeignlanguageteachers.ThemostcontroversialrequirementisthatEnglishteachersresiding·¸outsideSouthKoreawillhavetohaveaninterviewataSouthKoreanEmbassybeforetakinguptheirteachingposts.ForapplicantslivinginremoteareasinCanada,AustraliaortheUS,thisisanadditionaltravelburden.Meanwhile,foreignteacherscurrentlylivinginSouthKoreamustleavethecountryaftertheirone-yearcontractsandrenewtheirvisasbyvisitinganeighboringcountryandreturnwithoutadditionaldocumentationᦻ¹º@஺Thevisachangesareareactiontopublicconcernaboutthesuitabilityofsomeforeignteachers.AreportfromtheSouthKoreanMinistryof-EducationandHumanResourcesDevelopmentshowsbetween2001andAugustofthisyear,1,481foreignlanguageteachershavebeencaughtforarangeofoffensesincludingforged»⌼Ḅdegrees,visaviolationsandgenerallawbreaking.ButthechangesarelikelytoslowupthesupplyofteacherstoSouth.Korea'sEnglishlanguageeducationsector.AccordingtoMichaelDuffy,managerofateacherplacementserviceinSouthKorea,applicantshavetospendafewhundreddollarsandseveralmonthsongettingaffidavits½☢▰¿½fordocuments."SouthKorea-hasputuptoomanyhoopsᙌtojumpthrough,"hesaid,addingthatforeignerswouldseekworkelsewhere.MostforeignerswonderiftheexperienceofworkinginSouthKoreawillbeworththeburdenofthepaperworkandincreasingrestrictions."Idon'tthink
SouthKoreahasthoughtthisthrough,“saidScottMcInnis,aCanadianteacherbasedinIncheonnearSeoul."ThisisareactionarymovebythegovernmentthatwillhavestrongimplicationsfortheEFLcommunity.**AspartoftheeffortstoeasethediscontentÁtheSouthKoreanMinistryofJusticehasgrantedathree-monthgraceperiodforcurrentE-2visaholderstopreparethenecessarydocuments.41WhichofthefollowingisNOTrequiredofanE-2visaapplicant?ATopassaKoreanlanguagetestBToundergoamedicaltest.CToprovidesealedschoolreports.DToundergoadrugtest.42Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph2thatbeforethevisaregulationswererevisedforeignteachersdidn'thavetoAsignnewcontractsiftheywantedtocontinuetoworkBgothroughanyformalitiesiftheywantedtostayabitlongerCvisitaneighboringcountryiftheywantedtorenewtheirvisasDintendewaSouthKoreanofficialiftheywantedtoapplyforworkpermits43Thelistofcrimesmanyforeignlanguageteacherscommittedbetween2001antAugustofthisyeardidNOTincludeAvisaviolations.BforgeddegreesCsubversiveactivitiesDgenerallawbreaking.44ThenewvisapolicyaimsatAprotectingSouthKoreafromterroristattacks.BimprovingforeignlanguageteachinginSouthKorea.CprovidingmorejobopportunitiesfortheSouthKoreanpeopleDencouragingtheSouthKoreanpeopletolearntheChineselanguage45EFLinparagraph4isanabbreviationof

40Aeasilyforgottenlovers.Bextremelyfussylawyers.Cexceptionallyfastlearners.DEnglishasaforeignlanguage.5ᑖ⊡ᐰ%ᦻ(46K50⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ)☢Ḅ%ᦻᨵ5ᜐÆÇ%ᦻ;ᨵ6ᐸ!5ÉÊ%ᦻ)᪷@%ᦻᑁBËᐸᑖÌÍÎᨵÏÐÑឮÓᦻÔÎÕ஺MyLifeatRendaIlearnedveryquicklythatbeingateachingassistant(TA)attheUniversityofIowawouldbedifferentfrombeingateacheratRenminUniversity.(46)Eyesstaring,mouthsopen,studentsexaminedmybignose,whileIwaswritingmynameontheblackboard.AtIowa,whenmyfirstclassesbegan,halfofmystudentsstillhadn'tarrived.Wheneveryonefinallyfoundaseat,ringingcellphonesandloudyawns(Ö×)interruptedmyopeningremarks.ItisnotthatAmericanstudentsweredisrespectful.(47)Theywere,however,farmoreskepticalthanthestudentsIhadatRenda.ThetruthisIcouldn'tfaultthemfbrtheirskepticism.UndergraduatesatlargeUSuniversities-especiallyfreshmenandsophomores-oftenhaveseveralclassesasemesterhandledbyTAs.Insomecases,theTAsetsthecoursecontent.(48)Mosthavegoodintentions,butveryfewareaseffectiveasprofessors.Everyteacherhastoconfrontobstaclestolearning-nomatterwhattheculture.Studentswhotalkduringlectures,studentswhocheat,studentswhoquestionthegradetheygetforapaperorproject-dealingwiththeseisallpartofthejob.(49)Thedifference,Ithink,isthatintheUSIhadtoswallowmoreofmypride.(50)Ihadaresponsibilitytoteachthem,ofcourse,butIhadtodosoindirectly-asaguidewhohimselfhadafewthingstolearnfromthestudents.AInmystudents*minds,Ihadlittletoofferthem,exceptperhapssomesamplequestionsforthemid-termexam.BInothers,theTAworksasagraderanddiscussionleader.CIencounteredtheseinChina,andIfacedthemintheUS.DOntheotherhand,beingtaughtbyagraduatestudentisnotnecessarilybad.EMostwerepolite,oratleast,indifferentFBackatRenda,Ihadwalkedintomyfirstclassesfeelinglikeacelebrity.6ᑖnØÙÆ(51K55⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ)☢Ḅ%ᦻᨵ15ᜐÆÇ)᪷@%ᦻᑁB*ᜐÆÇ,-ᨬy⌱⚗஺ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudents,JoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshimwatchmovies,surftheInternetandtext-messagehisfriends.He'spartofaGenerationM”-thosebornafter1985who(51)upconnectedtoeverythingfromvideogamestocellphones.“Forus,it'severydaylife,“saidJuarez,18,afreshman(52)CaliforniaStateUniversityatSacramento(CSUS)(53),educatorsarenowsayingthatnotallGenerationM-erscansynthesizethepilesofinformationthey'reaccessing"They'regeeky(mÚÛÜÝḄ),buttheydon'tknowwhatto(54)withtheirgeekdom,“saidBarbaraO'Connor,acommunicationsstudiesprofessorwhohasbeeninvolvedinanationwide(55)toimprovestudents'computer-researchskills.

41Inarecentnationwidetestto(56)theirtechnological“literacy”-theirabilitytousetheInternettocompleteclassassignments-only49percentcorrectlyevaluatedasetofWebsitesforobjectivity,authorityandtimeliness.Only35percentcouldcorrectlynarrowanoverly(57)Internetsearch.About130SacramentoStatestudents,includingJuarez,participatedintheexperimentaltest,(58)to6,300collegestudentsacrossthecountry.Thehour-longassessmenttestisconductedbyEducationalTestingService.Itisaweb-basedscavenger(ßᾙàᱥ)hunt(59)simulatedInternetsearchenginesandacademicdatabasesthatspitoutpurposelymisleadinginformation.uThey'reverygoodat(60)inandusingtheInternet,butdon'talwaysunderstandwhattheygetback,“saidLindaGoff,headofinstructionalservicesfbrtheCSUSlibrary.“Youseeanopensearchbox,youtypeinafewwordsandyou(61)thebutton,“saidGoff,whoisinvolvedinthetesting.“Theytakeatfacevalue(62)showsupatthetopofthelistasthebeststuff.”Educatorssaythatthesesloppy(âã)researchskillsaretroubling.“Welookatthatasafoundationalskill,inthesamewaywe(63)mathandEnglishasafoundationalskill,“saidLorieRoth,assistantvice-chancellorforacademicprogramsintheCSUsystem.Measuringhowwellstudentscanusortthegood(64)thebad“ontheInternethasbecomeahigherpriorityforCSU,Rothsaid.CSUisconsidering(65)amandatory(äᑴឋḄ)assessmenttestontechnologicalliteracyforallfreshmen,muchasithasrequiredEnglishandmathplacementtestssincethe1980s.51AbroughtBbuiltCstoodDgrew52AaboutBnearCatDby53ABesidesBHoweverCInadditionDDoubtfully54AdoBworkCmakeDdeal55AeffortBplotCwishDslogan56AaskBmeasureCrequireDdemand57AsmallBlittleCbroadDpartial58AmadeBheldCmanagedDadministered59AbetweenBuponCbyDwith60AtakingBcopyingCtypingDmoving61ApullBpushCbeatDknock62AwhateverBwhoeverCwhicheverDhowever63AlookatBtakeupCcopewithDserveas64AoutBfromConDof65AaddedBaddsCaddingDaddூèὃᫀ௃1A2B3C4A5C6A7D8B9D10B11B12D13A14C15C16A17B18A19C20C21B22A23C24D25B26A27A28D29C30E31B32A33D34B35C36A37C38A39D40A41A42C43C44B45D46F47E48B49C50A51D52C53B54A55A56B57C58D59D60C61B62A63A64B65C2008êëᐰìíî᜜
ὃᔁ

42ᔠA1ᑖ⌱⚗115⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ☢!ᙳᨵ1ᡈ%
ᑜᨵñ'()*ᜐᑜ(ᑖ,-1./ᨬ*12Ḅ⌱⚗஺1.Withimmenserelief,IStoppedrunning.AsomeBenormousClittleDextensive2.Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata.AcollectBhandleCanalyzeDinvestigate3.Jackeventuallyovertookthelasttruck.AhitBpassedCreachedDled4.Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance.ApossibleBprofitableCeasyDwise5.Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle.AfactBmysteryCstatementDgame6.Thatguyisreallywitty.AsmartBuglyChonorableDpopular7.Theworldchampionsufferedasensationaldefeat.AreasonableBdramaticChumiliatingDhorrifying8.ItseemsthatonlyMaryiseligibleforthejob.ApreparedBtrainedCqualifiedDguided9.ThispoemdepictsthebeautifulsceneryofatownintheSouth.ApraisesBwritesCimitatesDdescribes10.Themeaningisstillobscure.AvagueBtransparentCalienDsignificant11.Dumpedwastemightcontaminatewatersupplies.AdestroyBdecreaseCdelayDpollute12.OnetheorypostulatesthattheancientFilipinoscamefromIndiaandPersia.AassumesBexpectsCpredictsDconsiders13.Itisverydifficultforachildtoadheretorules.ArememberBfollowCunderstandDlearn14.IhopethatIdidn'tdoanythingabsurdlastnight.AawkwardBstrangeCstupidDawful15thereshouldbelawsthatprohibitsmokingaroundchildren.AforbidBadvocateCinheritDwithdraw2ᑖ▅7ᑨ91622⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖ☢Ḅ%ᦻ;ᑡ=>7)᪷@%ᦻḄᑁBCD=ᑨ9᝞FGHIḄJK,LM)⌱NAO᝞FGHIḄJ┯QLM)⌱NBO᝞FGḄLMᦻ!RᨵH)⌱NC஺WhatIsGlobalization?Itwastheanti-globalizationmovementthatreallyputglobalizationonthemap.Asawordithasexistedsincethe1960s,buttheprotestsagainstthisallegedlynewprocess,whichitsopponentscondemnasawayoforderingpeople'slives,broughtglobalizationoutofthefinancialandacademicworldsandintoeverydaycurrentaffairs.Inthelate1980sandearly1990s,thebusinessmodelcalledthe“globalized”financialmarketcametobeseenasanentitythatcouldhavemorethanjustaneconomicimpactonthepartsofthew

43orldittouched.Globalizationcametobeseenasmorethansimplyawayofdoingbusiness,orrunningfinancialmarkets-itbecameaprocess.Fromthenonthewordtookonalifeofitsown.Sohowdoestheglobalizedmarketwork?Itismoderncommunicationsthatmakeitpossible;fortheBritishservicesectortodealwithitscustomersthroughacallcentreinIndia,orforasportswearòàᨴimanufacturertodesignitsproductsinEurope,maketheminsoutheastAsiaandselltheminnorthAmerica.Butthisiswheretheanti-globalizationsidegetsstuckinᐵô.IfthesepracticesreplacedomeSticeconomiclifewithaneconomythatisheavilyinfluencedorcontrolledfromoverseas,thentheereationofaglobalizedeconomicmodelandtheprocessofglobalizationcanalsobeseenasasurrenderofpowertothecorporations,orameansofkeepingpoorernationsintheirplace.Noteveryoneagreesthatglobalizationisnecessarilyevil,orthatglobalizedcorporationsarerunningthelivesofindividualsoraremorepowerfulthannations.Somesaythatthespreadofglobalization,freemarketsandfreetradeintothedevelopingworldisthebestwaytobeatpoverty—theonlyproblemisthatfreemarketsandfreetradedonotyettrulyexist.Globalizationcanbeseenasapositive,negativeorevenmarginalprocess.Andregardlessofwhetheritworksforgoodorill,globalization'sexactmeaningwillcontinuetobethesubjectofdebateamongthosewhooppose,supportorsimplyobserveit.16.Globalizationisatermusedonlyinthefinancialandacademicworlds.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17.Globalizationcanbebestunderstoodasawayofdoingbusiness.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18.Moderncommunicationsplayanimportantroleinglobalization.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19.Britainhasbenefitedquitealotfromglobalization.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20.Theopponentbelievesthatglobalizationwillkeepthepoorernationsinpoverty.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21.Theopponentsthinkthatglobalizationcorporationshavemorepowerthannations.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22.Freemarketsandfreetradewilleventuallyprevail.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3ᑖᭆkᜧ.mnᡂ2330⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ8ᑖ☢Ḅ%ᦻ;ᨵ2⚗pqr1
2326⚪⌕tuᡠwḄ6⌱⚗!*25xx⌱N1ᨬy᪗⚪O2
2730⚪⌕tuᡠwḄ6⌱⚗!*,-1ᨬy⌱⚗஺ANewCitizenshipTest1Lastweek.asampleofthenewUScitizenshipö÷øùexamwasreleasedbytheUSCitizenshipandImmigrationServicesUS-CLS
.Itwillbetriedoutin10citiesearlynextyeartoreplacethecurrenttestin2008.InsteadofaskinghowmanystripestheUSflaghas,asthecurrenttestdoes,thenewoneaskswhythereare13stripes.Insteadofhavingtonamethebranchesofgovernment,anapplicantisaskedtoexplainwhytherearethree.2"Thegoalistomakeitmoremeaningful.wexplainsEmilioGonzalez,directoroftheUS-CIS.Immigrantswhopassitareexpectedtohaveabetter"understandingandrespect"forUScivicö÷Ḅvalues,Gonzalezsays.3TheUSisn'ttheonlycountrydealingwithcitizenshipteststhataimtogeta"sharedcommitmenffromimmigrantsfortheiradoptedcountry's“values”.Inrecentyears,inadditiontotheusualrequirementoflanguage/workskillsandeconomicstatus-severalEuropeancountrieshaveadoptedcitizenshipt

44ests.BritainintroducedanewcitizenshiptestlastNovember.InMarch,anewDutchlawtookeffectrequiringallwould-beimmigrantstotakeacitizenshiptest.ItinvolvedwatchingavideoshowingnudeúûḄwomenbathingatbeachesandgayüឋýḄmenkissinginpublic.Theaimwastoensurethat"newcomerswillbecomfortablewiththecountr/sliberalsocialmoresþ4Europehasbeenknownforwelcomingimmigrantsfordecades.But,today,thefactisthatsomeimmigrantsarekeptapartfromlocalcitizensbycultureandtheybecomehostiletoeachother.PromotingintegrationhasbecomeamajorconcernforEuropeancountries,aftertheriotinginMuslimghettoesÿᦪ
inFranceandthekillingofDutchpublicfiguresbyreligiousextremists.5Officialsbelievethataperson'sattachmenttoacountrycanbetestedbyhisorherknowledgeofthecountry.However,somecriticssaythatthechangescandolittletohelppeople5assimilateᓄthemselves.immigrationisaculturewartoday-Isgivinganewtesttherightwaytolessentheaccusationsinthatfight?”saysAliNoorani,oftheMassachusettsImmigrantandRefugeeAdvocacyCoalition
ὶ23paragraph224paragraph325paragraph426paragraph5A.PreparationfortakingacitizenshiptestB.CitizenshiptestsinEuropeancountiesC.ImportanceofpromotingintegrationD.NecessitytoknowthebranchesofgovernmentE.DifferentOnthenewcitizenshiptestF.Goalofthenewcitizenshiptest27Thequ-on8inthenewcitizenshiptestaremoredifficult.28Would-beimmigrant8totheUSareexpected.29IntheDutchcitizenshiptestallwould-beimmigrantsarerequired.30Somepeoplefearthatchangeinthecitizenshiptestwilldolittle.AtoknowalotmoreaboutthecountryBtowatchavideoCtohelpimmigWnt8acceptthenewcultureDtomarryAmericancitizensEtodolow-skilljobsFtoanswer4ᑖ▅ᳮ31W45⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ45ᑖ☢ᨵ3ᦻᦻ!ᨵ5⍝⚪஺$᪷&ᦻᑁ()⚪*+1,ᨬ.⌱⚗஺CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition-Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexciting,metropolitanatmosphere.Squares,plazas12andarcades34formtheheartofEurope'scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarco-abeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshops,churches,restaurantsandcaf6s.InBarcelona,Spain,LaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London*sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusicians,acrobatsᩖᢈ7ᕒandartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitieso

45ftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondon,theyserveasabeautifulbackdrop9:tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrantᨵ;<Ḅheartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolution,socialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.HThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon'tseeallthemistakes>1saidGarreau."Thosehaveallbeenremoved."MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecar,sobars,restaurantsandcafeswerenearto,people'shomes.Today,thefocusofmanyEuropeans*lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirts,drivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconvention,therearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalways,livingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtourists,providethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisParticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationaliststhisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos?ᕸᖹandcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisittheChurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarkets,cafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampieofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenee,Italyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshops,andcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowds,butalsothelocalcommunity.31.ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthateachbigcityinEuropeAhasmanylargesquares.Bhasmanyverymagnificentsky-scrapers.CdrawstouristsinlargenumberseveryyearDhasacenterwheretouristsmeettheirspouses.32.WhichstatementisNOTtrueofCoventGarden?AItiscrowdedwithpeople.BItislocatedinLondon.Citisfilledwithstalls.DItissurroundedbyshops,churches,restaurantsandcafes33.WhydopeoplethinkthatVeniceisSOgreat?ABecauseitisafamoustouristattraction.BBecauseyoucanreachanywherebyboat.CBecauseitiswell.knownforItsmerchants.DBecauseallthemistakeshavebeenremoved.34.WhatareParisiansfamousfor?ATheirpursuitofindependence.BTheirenthusiasmforconversation.CTheirabilitytokeepthecityflourishing.DTheirdevotiontodevelopingamultipleculture.35.ThewritercitestheDuomointhelastparagraphasanexampletoillustratethatAthereisatightlinkbetweenchurchandsociety.Ballchurchesaremagnificent.Coldchurchesareverypopular.Dhigh-risechurchesareimpressive.BDoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeight

46Youhearthis:uNowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.”Youfeelsad:ulskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo?”Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenes,notyourlifehabits,determineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat,"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobeseCDḄparentsbecomeobese,ascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight.nHowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Well,dietingcanbeeffective,butthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirsch,aresearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversity,didastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeks,thesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospital,theyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolicE▰GHḄmeasurement,fatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn'tresultinnormalweight,butinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeople,however,sufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSims,oftheUniversityofVermont,gotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonths,theyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyended,theywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.36.Whatdeterminesyourweight?AYourworkingmanner.BYoureatinghabit.CYourlifestyle.DYourgenes.37.WhatdidJulesHirschdototheeightfatpeopleinhisstudy?AHeletthemskipsupperBHeletthemskipbreakfast.CHeletthemruneverymorningandevening.DHegavethemaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.38.Whathappenedtotheeightfatpeopleaftertheyleftthehospital?ATheywentmad.BTheykilledthemselves.CTheywerebacktonormalweight.DTheyattemptedsuicide.39.EthanSimsmadehissubjectsAbattletheirgeneticinheritanceBincreasetheirweight.CsufferfromhungerDlowertheirweight.40.Whatdidscientiststhinkwastrue?AEachpersonhasafixedweightrange.BEachpersonhasaweightrangeof9kg.CEachpersonwantstocontrolhisorherweight.DEachpersonwantstoeattohisorherhearfscontent—JB—

47ShamingPunishmentsLastmonth,JamesConnolly,ajuniorattheUniversityofMassachusetts,stoodinfrontofalocalpolicestationwearingatogaIJaspunishment.Hiscrime?Hewaschargedwithunderagedrinking,illegalpossessionofalcoholandexcessivenoisewhileholdingaparty.ThisshamingpunishmenthasincreasedintheUSinrecentyears,mostlyimposedbylocaljudgesforless-seriouscrimes,suchasdrunkdrivingandtheft.TheybelieveshameisthebestpettycrimedeterrentKH
.Forexample,inTennessee,JudgeJamesMcKenziehasmadeshopliftersᖪMNᱥᡬQstandoutsideWal-Martwithsignsthatread,ulamathiefputherebyorderofJudgeMcKenzie”nAlternativepunishmentslikecommunityserviceandfinesdon'tconveymoralcondemnationRSofthecriminal/1saidDanKahan,aUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolprofessor,inanarticlepublishedontheuniversity'swebsite.uTheyaren*tshamefulenough."ShamingpunishmentsaresometimescalledScarletT⁐ḄLetterpunishments.ThenamecomesfromUSauthorNathanielHawthorne's1850novelTheScarletLetter.Inthisnovel,awomanisforcedtowearascarlet"A"onherclothesaspunishmentforheradulteryV᝚.However,UniversityofIowalawprofessorAndrewHosmaneksaidthereisanimportantdifferencebetweentheshamingpunishmentsofcolonialAmericaandthoseassignedinstateslikeTennessee.“Earlysocietiesoftenhadareacceptance5ceremonytowelcometheoffenderbackintomainsociety,"saysHosmanek.^ContemporarypunishmentsinAmericalackthis.”Supportersofshamingpunishmentarguethatpublicshamingisagoodwayofexpressingcommunityvalues.Somejudgessayshamedoffendersseldomrepeattheircrimes.Othersaren'tsosure.uThereislittleevidencetosuggestthatshamingpunishmentsaresuccessfuIinpreventingpeoplefromcommittingspecificcrimes.Andashamedcriminalmayfaceahardbattletoregaincredibilityinsociety/*saidHosmanek."So,ashamingpunishmentmayforcetheoffenderintomorecrimestosupporthimself.”Expertsalsodebateshamingpunishmentsdamagetohumandignity."Sincethepointistoshame,it*sofcoursedegradingYZ[\Ḅ“saidLindaMalone,directoroftheHumanRightsandNationaISecurityLawProgrammeatWilliamandMaryLawSchool.“USlawonlyprohibitspunishmentthatis'cruelandunusuaP-notInhumananddegrading5.It'sverydifficultforathieftoprovethatholdingasigninfrontofWal-Martis'cruelandunusual’.”41.JamesConnollywasaccusedofallthefollowingcrimesEXCEPTA.illegallypossessingalcohOI.B.smugglingdrugs.C.drinkingatanillegalage.D.makingtoomuchnoiseataparty.42.WhichofthefollowingpunishmentsdoesNOTmorallycondemnacriminal?AHoldingasignthatannounceshisorhercrime.BPublishinghisorhernameonawebsite.CApologizingforthecrimeinfrontofWal-Mart.DHavingtodousefulworktohelpotherswithoutbeingpaid.43.InthenovelTheScarletLetter,awomanisaccusedofA.corruption.B.bribery.C.adulteryD.thee.44.Theword“suggest'inParagraph10couldbebestreplacedbyA.propose.B.indicate.C.assume.D.explain.45.WhatdoesUSlawforbid?

48ACruelandunusualpunishmentsBinhumanpunishments.CDegradingpunishmentsDShamingpunishments.5ᑖ⊡ᐰᦻ46W50⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ☢Ḅᦻᨵ5ᜐ`aᦻ!ᨵ6,bcᐸe5,fgᦻ$᪷&ᦻᑁ(hᐸᑖijklᨵmnoឮqᦻrls஺WhafsLackingin'Sicko'?Whenitcomestoeconomicdecisions,therearealwaystrade-offsft.Gainonethingandyoulosesomethingelse.46
ThecentralargumentofMichaelMoore'smovie“Sicko”thatthecuretothenation'shealthcareproblemsisasingle-payersystem-ishardlynovelandiscertainlyworthconsideration,whetherornotyouagreewithit.ButincomparingtheAmericansystemwithsingle-payerplansofothercountries-Britain,France,CanadaandCuba-Mr.Mooreleftoutthetrade-offs,characterizingthosecountriesasheaIthcareparadises.47
KurtLoder,thefilmcriticwhoisbestknownastheanchoruᢝ[of“MTVNews",wroteacritiqueᢇxofthefilmforMTV'swebsite."Sicko”hesaid,"doesarealservice"inportrayingyzvictimsofAmericaninsurancecompanies-likethepeoplewhodiedbecausetheironlytreatment.Optionswereconsidered“experimental”andthereforenotcovered.48
When"governmentsattempttoregulatethe—balancebetweenalimitedsupplyofhealthcareandanunlimiteddemandforit,theyYeinevitablyforcedtorationtreatment,Mr.Loderasserted._49
Mr.Lodercitedtheshortfilm“DeadMeat,"whichpresentsanecdotes{|offailureintheCanadiansingle-payersystem.Initsone-sidedness,HDeadMeat”mighthavemadeforanicedoublefeaturewith“Sicko”andleftmovie-goerswithamorecompleteunderstandingofthecomplicationsofdecidingonahealthcaresystem50
oThisallmakesanotherwise"emotionallycompellingfilmnotnecessarilyanintellectuallysatisfyingone,”wroteDarrenBarefoot,aCanadianblogger}~ὅ.AMr.Moorealsodecidedtoignoreproblemsinothercountries,likeFrance'shightaxesandBritain'scash-shorthospitals.BButthefilmasawhole,heconcluded,is"breathtakinglymeretriciousḄJinlargepartbecauseofitscharacterizationsofothercountries,healthcaresystems.CTheproblemshavebeennoticed-andcriticismiscomingnotjustfromMr.Moore'sdetractorsὅ.DHetickedoffanumberofnegativestatisticstocounterthepositiveonesofferedbyMr.Moore.EHealthcareistheprevention,treatment,andmanagementofillness.FThisisparticularlytrueinhealthcare,amarketinwhichscarceḄgoodsareridiculouslyexpensive,butneededbyeverybody.6ᑖ`51W65⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ☢Ḅᦻᨵ15ᜐ`a$᪷&ᦻᑁ()ᜐ`a*+1,ᨬ.⌱⚗஺TheGreatestMysteryofWhalesThewhaleisamammalᱥ—warm-blooded,air-breathing,givingbirthtoitsyoungalive,suckingthem-and,likeallmammals,originatedonland.Therearemanysignsofthis.51
frontflippers,usedforsteeringandstability,aretracesoffeet.Immensestrengthisbuiltintothegreatbodyofthebigwhales,andinfactmostofawhale'sbodyisonegiganticmuscle.Thebluewhale5spulling52
hasbeenestimatedat400horsepower.Onespecimenwasreportedtohave53
awhalingvesselforsevenhoursatthe___54
ofeightknots.

49Anenragedwhalewillattackaship.Afamous(55)ofthiswasthefateofwhalerEssex,whichwassunk(56)thecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury.Morerecently,steelshipshavehadtheirplatesbuckled()inthesameway.Spermwhaleswereknownto___(57)theold-timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrushthem.Thegreatestmysteryofwhalesistheirdivingability.Thespermwhalecan(58)thebottomforhisfavoritefood,theoctopus(r).(59)thatsearchheisknowntogoasfardownas3,200feet,wherethepressureis1,400pounds,tothesquareinch.Doing(60)hewremainsubmerged(Ḅ)aslongasonehour.Twofeats(ᢈ)areinvolvedinthisstoringupenough(61)(allwhalesareair-breathed)andwithstandingthegreatchangeinpressure.Just_(62)hedoesitscientistshavenotdetermined.Itisbelievedthatsomeoftheoxygenisstoredinaspecialsystemofbloodvessels,ratherthanjustheldinthelungsoAnd(63)isbelievedthataspecialkindofoilinhisheadissomesortofcompensatingmechanismthatautomaticallyadjuststheinternalpressureofhisbody.But(64)youcan'tbringalivewhaleintothelaborstoryforstudy,noone(65)justhowthesethingswork.51ATheirBIt'sCTheirsDIts52.AstrengthBwidthCheightDlength53.AeatenBcrashedCtowed()Dlifted54.AdistanceBrateCvoyageDsail55.ApictureBfilmCexampleDbook56.AOffBofCaboveDover57.AhitBseizeCdamageDkick58.AflytoBjumponCdivetoDcrawlon59.AInBOnCByDAt60.ASOBsuchCaboveDthesame61.AwaterBoxygenCenergyDheat62.AwhatBwhoChowDwhich63AitBheCsheDthere64.AbecauseofBduetoCsinceDowingto65.AcommunicatesBknowsChearsDdevelopsᫀᑖ¡⌱⚗⚪123456789101112131415BABDBABCDADABCABᑖ▅ᑨ£16171819202122BBAAACC¤ᑖi¥ᜧ§¨ᡂbc2324252627282930FBCEFABCªᑖ▅ᳮCentersofthegreatEuropeancities3132333435

50cDDBABDoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeight3637383940DDCBA¤ShamingPunishments4142434445BACBAᑖ⊡ᐰᦻ4647484950FCBDAᑖ515253545556575859606162636465DACACAACAABCACB2007«¬®¯ὃ±²ᔠ´Aµ¶⚪·ᫀ¸1ᑖ¡⌱⚗115⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ☢,bceᙳᨵ1,ᡈ¯ᑜᨵ¼½¾$)ᜐᑜ¾ᑖ*+1,§¿ᨬ)ÀÁḄ⌱⚗஺I.Thenewswillhorrifyeveryone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite2.Thearticlesketchedthemajoreventsofthedecade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented3.1won'ttoleratethatkindofbehavior.A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take4.Theirstyleofplayingfootballisutterlydifferent.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally5.Hersisterurgedhertoapplyforthejob.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised6.Evensensiblemendoabsurdthings.A.unusualB.ridiculousC.specialD.typical7.Shebumpedinotherboyfriendintownthismorning.A.walkedB.cameC.fledD.ran8.Thissortofthingisboundtohappen.A.sureB.quickC.fastD.swift9.Attheageof30,Herseysuddenlybecameacelebrity.A.bossB.managerC.starD.dictator10.Hecannotdiscriminatebetweenagoodideaandabadone.A.judgeB.assessC.distinguishD.recognize11.TheyareconcernedforthefateoftheforestandtheIndianswhodwellinit.A.liveB.sleepC.hideD.gather12.Theindexisthegovernmentschiefgaugeoffutureeconomicactivity.A.methodB.measureC.wayD.manner13.Thearchitectureisharmoniousandnobuildingisoversix-storeyhigh.A.old-fashionedB.traditionalC.conventionalD.balanced

5114.Thefoodisinadeciuatefortenpeople.A.demandedB.qualifiedC.insufficientD.required15.Sheperseveredinherideasdespiteobviousobjectionsraisedbyfriends.A.persistedB.insistedC.resistedD.suggested2ᑖ▅ᑨ£1622⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ7ᑖ☢Ḅᦻ!ᑡÃÄ7,bc$᪷&ᦻḄᑁ(Å,bcÆÃᑨ£᝞ÈÉbÊËḄÌ*ÍÎ$⌱ÏA;᝞ÈÉbÊËḄ┯ÑÍÎ$⌱ÏB;᝞ÈÉbḄÍÎᦻeÒᨵÊ·$⌱ÏC஺CreatingaWorldwithoutSmokingSmokingwillbebannedinallpubs,clubsandworkplacesfromnextyearaffterhistoricvotesintheCommonslastnight.Afterlast-minuteappealsfromhealthcampaigners,MPsoptedforablanketprohibitionwhichwillstartinsummer2007,endingmonthsofargumengoverwhethersmokersshouldbebarredinpubsandrestaurantsonly.Theyvotedtobansmokinginallpubsandclubsby384to184,asurprisinglylargemajorityof200.Smokingwillstillbeallowedinthehomeandinplacesconsideredtobehomes,suchasprisons,carehomesandhotels.Smokerslightingupinbannedareaswillfaceafixedpenalitynoticeof£50andspotfinesof£200willbeintroducedforfailingtodisplayno-smokingsigns,withthepossiblepenalty,iftheissuegoestocourt,increasingto£1,000.CarplineFlint,thePublicHealthMinister,alsoannouncedthatthefineforfailingtostoppeoplesmokinginbannedareaswouldbeincreasedto£2,500-morethantentimesthe£200originallyproposed.TheBillalsoallowstheGovernmenttoincreasetheageforbuyingcigarettes.Ministerswillconsultonraisingitfrom16to18.TheBillnowgoestotheLordsbutwillbethroughbythesummerrecess.EvenaplantoallowsmokingtocontinueinprivateclubswasthrownoutasMPsonallsidesweregivenpermissiontovotewiththeirconscienceratherthanonapartyline.PatriciaHewitt,theHealthSecretary,saidtheHealthBillwouldbansmokingin^virtuallyeveryenclosedpublicplaceandworkplaceninEnglandandsavethousandsoflivesayear.Smoke-freeworkplacesandpublicplaces'willbecomethenorm”.Shesaid:uAnadditional600,000peoplewillgiveupsmokingasaresultofthislawandmillionsmorewillbeprotectedfromsecond-handsmoke.MPeterHollins,director-generaloftheBritishHeartFoundation,said:uThevoteisalandmarkvictoryforthepublichealthofthiscountryandwillsavethelivesofmanypeople/*16.Abanonsmokinginallpubs,clubsandworkplaceswillbegininsummer2007.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Thelawdoesnlseemtoapplytoofficials.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Onecanneverthelesssmokeathome.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.ThereisapossibilityfortheGovernmenttoraisetheageforbuyingcigarettes.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.TheGovernmentwillshutdowncigarettefactoriesinlargenumbers.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.TheGovernmentwilldefinitelyimposeamuchheaviertaxontobacco.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

5222.TheGovernmentwilltakenecessarymeasurestohelpsmokersgiveupsmoking.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned3ᑖᭆ¥ᜧ§¨ᡂbc2330⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ8ᑖ☢Ḅᦻ!ᨵ2⚗Ô±ÕÖ1
23×26⚪⌕ÙÚᡠÜḄ6,⌱⚗e)2×5ÝÝ⌱Ï1,ᨬ.᪗⚪;2
27×30⚪⌕ÙÚᡠÜḄ6,⌱⚗e),bc*+1,ᨬ.⌱⚗஺ThingstoKnowabouttheUK1FromBuckinghamPalacetoOxford,theUKisloadedwithwonderfulicons᪗à
ofpasteras.Butithasalsomodernizedwithconfidence.Ifsnowbetterknownforvibrantᐙ*ã;<Ḅcitieswithgreatnightlifeandattraction.Fashions,finedining,clubbing,shopping-theUKisamongtheworld'sbest.2MostpeoplehavestrongpreconceptionsabouttheBritish.ButifyouYeoneofthesepeople,you5dbewisetoabandonthoseideas.Visitanightclubinoneofthebigcities,afootballmatch,oragoodlocalpubandyoumightmorereadilydescribetheEnglishpeopleashumorousandhospitable.Ifscertainlytruethatnoothercountryintheworldhasmorebird-watchers,sportssupporters,petownersandgardenersthantheUK.3GettingaroundEnglandisprettyeasy.BudgetäåḄairlineslikeEasyjetandRynnairflydomestically.Trainscandeliveryouveryefficientlyfromonemajorcitytoanother.Longdistanceexpressbusesarecalledcoaches.Wherecoachesandbusesrunonthesameroute,coachesaremoreexpensivethoughquicker
thanbuses.London5sfamousblackcabsareexcellentbutexpensive.Minicabsarecheapercompetitors,withfreelance,æḄdrivers.Butusuallyyouneedtogiveacallfirst.London'sundergroundiscalledtheTube.Ifsveryconvenientandcangetyoutoalmostanypartofthecity.4TheUKisnotfamousforitsfood.ButyoustillneedtoknowsomeofthetraditionalEnglishfoods.Themostfamousmustbefishandchips.Thefishandchipsaredeepfriedinflour.Englishbreakfastissomethingyouneedtotry.ltisfriedbacon.sausages,friedeggs,blackpudding,friedtomatoes,friedbreadandbakedbeans,withtoastandapotoftea.Otherthingslikeshepherd'spieandYorkshirepuddingarealsowell-knownasapartofEnglishfoodculture.5PubbingandclubbingarethemainformsofEnglishnightlife,especiallyfortheyoung.Pubbingmeansgoingtoapubwithfriends,havingdrinks,andchatting.Clubbingisdifferentfrompubbingandincludesgoingtoapub,oraplaceofmusic,orabar,oranyotherplacestogatherwithfriends.Clubbingcanbefoundeverywhere.Usuallythereissomekindofdresscodeforclubbing,suchasnojeans.nosportswear,orsmartclubwear,whilepubbingismuchmorecasual.23.Paragraph2.24.Paragraph3.25.Paragraph4.26.Paragraph5.A.EducationB.PeopleC.TransportD.DrinksE.FoodF.Nightlife27.TheUKisacountrythatis.28.TheBritishpeopleare.29.CoachesintheUKare.30.Fishandchipsare.A.fasterbutmoreexpensivethanbusesB.bothancientandmodern

53C.humorousandhospitableD.cheapandefficientE.traditionalandfamousF.cleverandhardworking4ᑖ▅ᳮ3145⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ45ᑖ☢ᨵ3ᦻᦻ!ᨵ5⍝⚪஺$᪷&ᦻᑁ()⚪*+1,ᨬ.⌱⚗஺TryingtoFindaPartherOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinbterviewed,oneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships?Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewemakingitharderforourselves?Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn'texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheory,findingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsago.yourchoiceofsoulmateçஹé[wasconstrainedbygeography,socialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicit,manymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroysterᱝë,yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooks,impressivesalary,kindtograndmother,andrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisnljtisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon'tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcourse,thisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.31.Whatdoestherecentpollshow?A.Itisgettingmoredifficultforawomantofindherhusband.B.ltisgettingincreasinglydifficulttostartafamilyl.C.ltisgettingmoredifficultforamantofindhiswife.D.ltisgettingincreasinglydifficulttodevelopanintimaterelationshipwithyourspouse.32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutacontemporarymarriedcouple?A.Thewifedoesn'thavetoraisethechildrenallbyherself.B.Thehusbanddoesn'thavetosupportthefamilyallbyhimself.C.Thewifeisnolongertheonlypersontomanagethehousehold.D.Theywillreceivealargesumofmoneyfromthegovernment.33.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconstraintonone'schoiceofsoulmateintheolddays?A.Thehealthconditionofhisorhergrandmother.B.Thegeographicalenvironment.C.Thesocialconvention.D.Thefamilytradition.34.WhichofthefollowingisNOTexpectedofapartneraccordingtothispassage?

54A.Goodlooks.B.Animpressivecareer.C.Ahighsalary.D.Afinesenseofhumor.35.Theword'sustain^paragraph2
couldbebestreplacedbyA."reduce”.B."shake”.C."maintain”.D."weaken”.BMilosevic^DeathFormerYugoslavleaderSlobodanMilosevicwasfounddeadlastSaturdayinhiscellattheHague-basedInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslavia.The64-year-oldhadbeenontrialtheresinceFebruary2002.BorninprovincialPozarevacin1941,hewasthesecondsonofapriestandaschoolteacher.Bothofhisparentsdiedwhenhewasstillayoungadult.TheyoungMilosevicwasuuntypicar\saysSlavoljubDjukic,hisunofficialbiographer.Hewasunotinterestedinsports,avoidedexcursions⌶íîandusedtocometoschooldressedintheold-fashionedway-whiteshirtandtie."Oneofhisoldfriendssaid,hecould'imaginehimasastation-masterorpunctiliousïðñḄcivilservant.”Indeedthatisexactlywhathemighthavebecome,hadhenotmarriedMira.Shewaswidelybelievedtobehisdrivingforce.Atuniversityandbeyondhedidwell.Heworkedforvariousfirmsandwasacommunistpartymember.By1986hewasheadofSerbia'sCentralCommittee.Butstillhehadnotyetreallybeennoticed.ItwasKosovothatgavehimhischance.AnautonomousprovinceofSerbia,KosovowashometoanAlbanianmajorityandaSerbianminority.In1989,hewassenttheretocalmfearsofSerbianswhofelttheywerediscriminatedagainst.Butinsteadheplayedthenationalistcardandbecametheirchampion.Insodoing,hechangedintoaruthlessòóḄanddeterminedman.AthomewithMiraheplottedthedownfallofhispoliticalenemies.ConspiringôõwiththedirectorofSerbianTV,hemountedamodernmediacampaignwhichaimedtogethimthemostpowerinthecountry.HewaselectedSerbianpresidentin1990.In1997,hebecamepresidentofYugoslavia.Therestofthestoryiswell-known:hisnationalistcardcausedYugoslavia'sotherethnicgroupstofightfortheirownrights,powerandlands.Yugoslaviabrokeupwhenfourofthesixrepublicsdeclaredindependencein1991.Warstartedandlastedforyearsandmillionsdied.ThenWesterncountriesintervened.NATObombedYugoslavia,andheeventuallysteppeddownasstateleaderin2000.Soonafterthis,Serbia'snewgovernment,ledbyZoranDjindjic,arrestedhimandsenthimtofacejusticeattheYugoslavwarcrimestribunalintheHague.36.WheredidMilosevicdie?A.Inabasement.B.lnaprison.C.lnKosovo.D.lnhisowncountry.37.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheyoungMilosevic?A.Hedressedinaprettyold-fashionedway.B.Hewasnotinterestedinsports.C.Heoftenavoidedexcursions.

55D.Hewasextremelyambitious.38.AllofthefollowingpersonschangedhisfateinonewayoranotherexceptA.Mira.B.hisparents.C.ZoranDjindjic.D.theDirectorofSerbianTV.39.WhywasMilosevicsenttoKosovoin1989?A.Tohandleeconomicissues.B.TodrivetheAlbaniansbacktotheirowncountry.C.ToremovetheSerbians5fearsofbeingdiscriminatedagainst.D.Tolaunchanattackagainsthispoliticalenemies.4O.Whathappenedin1991?A.Yugoslaviabrokeup.B.Westerncountriesintervened.C.NATObombedYugoslavia.0.Milosevicwasarrested.¤TheWorldCupThissummer'sWorldCupcompetitionwillseeteamscompetingtoplaytheworld'sbestfootball.Butthefootballtheyplaywillnotallbeofthesamekind.ThefansexpectdifferentstylesofplayfromBrazil,Germany,orItaly.WhatmakesBrazilianfootballBrazilian?OurstyleofplayingfootballcontrastswiththeEuropeansbecauseofacombinationofqualitiesofsurprise,accuracyandgoodjudgment.ThisstylehaswonBrazilfiveworldcups.YetmanyBrazilianfansonlycountfourofthesevictories.In1994,theteamabandonedthisstyleformodern,scientifictrainingandtactics.Theteamwonthecup,butinaboringway.TheItaliansthinkdifferently.uTomanyItalians,thescore0-0hasagloriousquality,suggestingperfectionjsaystheBritishfootballwriterSimonKuper.lntheItalianculture,theideaoffaceisveryimportant.ThisiswhyItalianteamsaretraditionallybuiltaroundstrongdefences.TheDutchfootballerJohanCruyffoncesaidthatItalianteamsneverexactlybeatyou.lfsjustthatyouoftenlosetothem.InHolland,thereisatraditionofdecisionmakingthroughargumentanddiscussion.ltisasocietywhereeverybodyisexpectedtohaveapointofview."EveryDutchplayerwantstocontrolthegame,"saysArnoldMuhren.uYouplayfootballwithyourbrainsandnotyourfeet.”“ADutchplayerargues,nsaysSimonKuper.“AnEnglishplayerobeyshissuperior.Heisasoldier/ThequalitiesvaluedinEnglishfootballaremilitary-strength,aggressionandcourage.Thiscanmakeforexcitingfootball.ButitalsomeansthattheEnglishfinditdifficulttouseskillfulplayers.DavidBeckhamisusuallycriticizedforhisfailuretodefend-despitethefactthatheisanattacker.IftheEnglishliketofight,theGermansliketowin.Inrecentyears,Germanyhastriedtochangeitsimageasacountryofruthlessefficiencyandadesireforvictoryatallcosts.ButGermansarequitehappyforthesequalitiestoremainintheirnationalfootballteam."Footballisasimplegame,“GaryLinekeroncesaid.“YoukickaballaboutforninetyminutesandintheendtheGermanswin.”Ifsdifficulttopredictwhowillwinthisyear'sWorldCup.Thereisnostrongfavorite.Butalookatthetrackrecordofpreviouswinnersshowsthatitisthenationswiththestrongestnationalcharacteristicsinthefootballthatperformbest.ltseemsthatyouneedtoknowwhereyoucomefromifyouwanttogettothetop.41.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicoftheBrazilianstyleofplayingfootball?A.Accuracy.B.Surprise.

56C.Goodjudgment.D.Ruthlessefficiency.42.Whydomanylialiansthinkthatthescore0-0hasagloriousquality?A.Becauseitmakesnooneloseface.B.BecausetheItalianteamisnotverystrong.C.BecauseItaliansarenicepeople.0.Becausethatscoreiswhattheirteamcouldobtain.43.WhatisoneexpectedtodoinHolland?A.Toplayfootball.B.Toexpresshisorheropinionfreely.C.Tomakeafussaboutnothing.D.Tobeathisorheropponentsruthlessly.44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheBritishfootballplayers?A.Theyareaggressive.B.Theyarecourageous.C.Theyplayfootballforfriendship.D.Theyobeytheirsuperiors.45.Whowillwinthisyear'sWorldCup?A.TheBrazilianteam.B.TheItalianteam.C.TheGermanTeam.D.ltisunpredictable.5ᑖ⊡ᐰᦻ(4650⚪⚪2ᑖᐳ10ᑖ)☢Ḅᦻᨵ5ᜐ`aᦻ!ᨵ6,bcᐸe5,fgᦻ$᪷&ᦻᑁ(hᐸᑖijklᨵmn,oឮqᦻrls஺AmericanDreamsThereisacommonresponsetoAmericaamongforeignwriters:theUSisalandofextremeswherethebestofthingsqrejustaseasilyfoundastheworst.Thisisacliche(▰ö÷).Inthelandofblackandwhite,peopleshouldnotbetoosurprisedtofindsomeofthebiggestgapsbetweentherichandthepoorintheworld.ButtheAmericanDreamoffersawayouttoeveryone.(46)Noclasssystemorgovernmentstandsintheway.Sadly,thisoldargumentisnolongertrue.OverthepastfewdecadestherehasbeenafundamentalshiftinthestructureoftheAmericaneconomy.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorhaswidenedandwidened.(47)Overthepast25yearsthemedianUSfamilyincomehasgoneup18percent.Forthetop1percent,however,ithasgoneup200percent.Twenty-fiveyearsagothetopfifthofAmericanshadanaverageincome6.7timesthatofthebottomfifth.(48)Inequalitieshavegrownworseindifferentregions.InCalifornia,incomesforlowerclassfamilieshavefallenby4percentsince1969.(49)ThishasledtoaneconomyhugelyinfavorofasmallgroupofveryrichAmericans.Thewealthiest1percentofhouseholdsnowcontrolathirdofthenationalwealth.Therearenow37millionAmericanslivinginpoverty.At12.7percentofthepopulation,itisthehighestpercentageinthedevelopedworld.YetthetaxburdenonAmerica'srichisfalling,notgrowing.(50)Therewasaneconomictheoryhoidingthattherichspendingmorewouldbenefiteveryoneasawhole.Butclearlythattheoryhasnotworkedinreality.A.NobodyispoorintheUS.

57B.Thetop0.01percentofhouseholdshasseenitstaxbitefallbyafull25percentagepointssinee1980.C.Forupperclassfamiliestheyhaverisen41percent.D.Nowitis9.8times.E.Asitdoesso,thepossibilitytocrossthatgapgetssmallerandsmaller.F.AIIonehastodoistoworkhardandclimbtheladdertowardsthetop.6ᑖ`(5165⚪⚪1ᑖᐳ15ᑖ)☢Ḅᦻᨵ15ᜐ`a$᪷&ᦻᑁ()ᜐ`a*+1,ᨬ.⌱⚗஺SendingE-mailstoProfessorsOnestudentskippedclassandthensenttheprofessorane-mail(51)forcopiesofherteachingnotes.Another(52)thatshewaslateforaMondayclassbecauseshewasrecoveringfromdrinkingtoomuchatawildweekendparty.AtcollegesanduniversitiesintheUS,e-mailhasmadeprofessorsmoreapproachable(ø᧕Á[).Butmanysayithasmadethemtooaccessible,(53)boundariesthattraditionallykeptstudentsatahealthydistance.Thesedays,professorssay,studentsseemtoviewthemasavailable(54)theclock.sendingasteadystreamofinformale-mails.“Thetonethattheytakeine-mailsisprettyastounding(ú[ᔛüḄ)ýsaidMichaelKessler,anassistantdeanatGeorgetownUniversity.'They'll(55)youtohelp:1needtoknowthis.'”“There'safine(56)betweenmeetingtheirneedsandatthesametimemaintainingaleveloflegitimacy(Ìþឋ)asan(57)whoisincharge.”ChristopherDede,aprofessorattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducation,said(58)showthatstudentsnolongerdeferto()theirprofessors,perhapsbecausetheyrealizethatprofessors*(59)couldrapidlybecomeoutdated.“Thedeferencewasdrivenbythe(60)thatprofessorswereall-knowingsourcesofdeepknowledge,,5Dedesaid,andthatnotionhas(61).Forjuniorfacultymembers,e-mailsbringnewtensionintotheirwork,somesay,astheystrugglewithhowto(62).Theirjobprospects,theyrealize,mayrestinpartonstudentevaluationsoftheiraccessibility.Collegestudentssaye-mailmakes(63)easiertoaskquestionsandhelpsthemlearn.Buttheyseemunawarethatwhattheywriteine-mailscouldhavenegativeeffects(64)them,saidAlexandraLahav,andassociateprofessorofLawattheUniversityofConnecticut.Sherecalledane-mailmessagefromastudentsayingthatheplannedtomissclasssohecouldplaywithhisson.ProfessorLahavdidnotrespond.“Suche-mailscanhaveconsequences,"shesaid."Studentsdon'tunderstandthat(65)theysayine-mailcanmakethemseemunprofessional,andcouldresultinabadrecommendation.M51.A.providingB.offeringC.supplyingD.asking52.A.complainedB.arguedC.explainedD.believed53.A.removingB.movingC.puttingD.placing54.A.aboutB.aroundC.atD.from55.A.controlB.shoutC.orderD.make56.A.requirementB.contradictionC.tensionD.balance57.A.teacherB.instructorC.lecturerD.professor58.A.e-mailsB.passagesC.textsD.books59.A.technologyB.expertiseC.scienceD.imagination

5860.A.traditionB.senseC.notionD.meaning61.A.strengthenedB.weakenedC.reinforcedD.consolidated62.A.askB.questionC.respondD.request63.A.himB.herC.youD.it64.A.onB.againstC.inD.about65.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.what2007᜜ὃ᪗ᫀᔠAᔁA1.B2.C3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.C10.C11.A12.B13.D14.C15.A16.A17.B18.A19.A20.C21,C22.C23.B24.C25.E26.F27.B28.C29.A30.E31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C36.B37.D38.B39.C40.A41.D42.A43.B44.C45.D46.F47.E48.D49.C50.B51.D52.C53.A54.B55.C56.D57.B58.A59.B60.C61.B62.C63.D64.A65.D2006ὃᔠA⚪ᫀ1ᑖ!"#⌱⚗&1W15⚪'(⚪1ᑖ'ᐳ15ᑖ*☢(,-./ᙳᨵ1,"ᡈ3ᑜᨵ567'89(ᜐᑜ7ᑖ;<1,=>ᨬ9@A⌱⚗஺1Shewasapuzzle.A.girlB.womanC.mysteryD.problem2Herspecialityisheartsurgery.A.regionB.siteC.platformD.field3FrancehaskeptintimatelinkswithitsformerAfricanterritories.A.privateB.friendlyC.strongD.secret4Youshouldhaveblendedthebutterwiththesugarthoroughly.A.mixedB.spreadC.beatenD.covered5TheindustrialrevolutionmodifiedthewholestructureofEnglishsociety.A.destroyedB.brokeC.changedD.smashed6Ticketsarelimitedandwillbeallocatedtothosewhoapplyfirst.A.postedB.sentC.handedD.given7Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculous.A.amazingB.conservativeC.insignificantD.unforgettable8Customersoftendeferpaymentforaslongaspossible.A.makeB.demandC.obtainD.postpone9Canadawillprohibitsmokinginallofficeslaterthisyear.A.removeB.banC.eliminateD.expel10Shereadapoemwhichdepictsthesplendorofthesunset.A.declaresB.assertsC.announcesD.describes11Frommystandpoint,thisthingisjustridiculous.A.pointofviewB.fieldC.knowledgeD.information12Thelatestcensusisencouraging.A.statementB.assessmentC.countD.evaluation13Thecuriouslooksfromthestrangersaroundhermadeherfeeluneasy.A.differentB.proudC.unconsciousD.uncomfortable14Readingthejobad,hewonderedwhetherhewaseligibletoapplyforit.A.ableB.fortunateC.competentD.qualified

5915Hewaselevatedtothepostofprimeminister.A.promotedB.pulledC.liftedD.treated2ᑖ!▅DᑨF&16G22⚪'(⚪1ᑖ'ᐳ7ᑖ*☢Ḅ3ᦻJᑡLM7,-.'8᪷O3ᦻḄᑁQR(,-.SLᑨF!᝞UV-WXḄYZ;[\'8⌱]A^᝞UV-WXḄY┯`[\'8⌱]B^᝞UV-Ḅ[\ᦻ/aᨵW'8⌱]C.FairyTalesforAlltheWorldThisyear,theworldismarkingthe200thanniversaryofDanishauthorHansChristianAndersenwithawiderangeofevents.Andersen'staleshaveattractedmillionsofreadersformorethanacentury.Theycontinuetobeamongthebest-knownworksofworldliterature."TheUglyDuckling&bc"and“TheLittleMermaid&efg"areamongthemostfamous.HewasbornonApril2,1805,intheslumsofOdense,Denmark.Hisfatherwasashoemakerandhismotherworkedasawasher-woman.Andersenreceivedverylittleeducation,buthisfascinationwithfairytalesinspiredhimtocomposehisownstoriesandarrangepuppet&ᩈᏔshows.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewas11.Hewasforcedtogotowork,firstasanapprenticetoaweaverandtailorandtheninatobaccofactory.Attheageof14,hemovedtoCopenhagentotryacareerasasinger,dancerandactor.Hesanginaboy*schoir&ᔠᖛk'buthemadeverylittlemoney.Healsotriedtheballet,buthisawkwardnessmadethisimpossible.Finally,whenhewas17,JonasCollin,adirectoroftheRoyalTheatreinCopenhagendiscover©dAndersen.AfterhearingAndersenreadaplay,Collinrealizedthathehadtalent.AndhegotmoneyfromthekingforAndersen'seducation.In1828,AndersenpassedtheentranceexaminationstotheuniversityinCopenhagen.Hiswritingswerefirstpublishedin1829.In1833,hereceivedgrantmoneyfortravel,whichheusedtovisitGermany,France,Switzerland,andItaly.Thesejourneyswererecordedinhistravelogues&lmnop஺In1835,Andersenpublished"FairyTalesforChildren,“whichcontainedfourshortstories.Heeventuallywrotearound168fairytales.Theyachievedsuccessinhislife-timeandwerewidelypublishedandtranslated.Unhappinessalsofounditswayintomanyofhistaleswhichwerenotmeantmerelyforchildrenbutforadultsaswell.Heusedverysimplelanguageandstyletodisguisethemoralteachingsofhistales.Andersenalsowrotenovels,playsandpoems.HediedathishomeinRolighedonAugust4,1875.16AndersendiedonApril4,1875A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17ChinesechildrenareparticularlyfondofAndersen'stalesA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18Andersenwasnotagoodballetdancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19CollinmanagedtogetmoneyforAndersentoreceivemoreeducationA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20Andersen'sfairytalesdidn'tachievesuccessuntilafterhediedA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21Andersen'stalesnotonlytellstoriesbutalsoteachmorallessonsA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22Andersen'snovels,playsandpoemsarenotwell-knownA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

603ᑖ!ᭆrᜧ=tuᡂ-.&23G30⚪'(⚪1ᑖ'ᐳ8ᑖ*☢Ḅ3ᦻJᨵ2⚗wxy!&1
23G26⚪⌕{ᡠ}Ḅ6,⌱⚗/92G5~(~1⌱],ᨬ᪗⚪^&2
27G30⚪⌕{ᡠ}Ḅ6,⌱⚗/9(,-.;<1,ᨬ⌱⚗஺60thAnniversaryCeremonyinMoscow1WiththousandsofsoldiersandwarveteransparadingacrossMoscow'sRedSquareandfighterjetsscreamingoverhead,Russiacelebratedthe60thanniversaryofdefeatingNaziGermany.Morethan50worldleaders,includingChina'sPresidentHuJintao,attendedtheceremony.2Speakingatthestartoftheparade,Russia'sPresidentVladimirPutinpraisedallthosewhofoughtforfreedomandindependence.'The,warshowsthatresortingtoforcetosolveproblemswillresultintragedyfortheworld,soapeacefulordershouldbesafeguarded&basedonsecurity,justiceandculturalexchange,"Putinsaid."Facedwiththerealthreatofterrorismtoday,wemustremainfaithfultothememoryofourfathers.Itisourdutytodefendaworldorderbasedonsecurityandjusticeandonanewcultureofrelationsamongnationsthatwillnotallowarepeatofanywar,neither'cold1nor'hot',*'hecontinued.3TheSecondWorldWarisperhapsthemostcatastrophic&ឋḄeventthatmankindhaseversuffered.Thewaraffected80percentoftheworld'speopleatthattime,from61countries,andclaimed55millionlives.4Afterthecelebration,PresidentHusaidthatpeace,developmentandcooperationwerethefuture."Chinawillunswervingly&<ᙢ,followtheroadofpeaceanddevelopmentandwillmakeajointeffortwithallnationstocontributetosafeguardingworldpeaceandpromotingdevelopment,”hesaid.5GermanChancellorGerhardSchroederaskedRussiaforforgivenessforthesufferingGermanyinflicted&⌼ᡂduringtheSecondWorldWarinanarticleinSunday'sKomsomolskayaPravdanewspaper."TodayweaskforgivenessforthesufferinginflictedupontheRussianpeopleandotherpeoplesatthehandsofGermansandinthenameofGermans,“Schroedersaid.6PresidentHuandtheotherleadersalsojoinedawreath&ᙌlayingceremonyattheTomboftheUnknownSoldiersonMonday.23Paragraph2.24Paragraph3.25Paragraph4.26Paragraph5.A.GloomyworldB.Putin'scommemoratingspeechC.China'sdeterminationD.Schroeder'spleaforforgivenessE.World*sworstdisasterF.Pacificwar27Russiacelebrated.28WorldWarTwodeprived.29Chinapledgesherselftofollow.30Theworldleadersfinallyattended.A.61countriesB.awreathlayingceremonyC.the60thanniversaryofitsvictoryoverNaziGermanyD.theroadofpeaceanddevelopmentE.55millionpeopleoftheirlives

61F.anopeningceremony61countries4ᑖ!▅Dᳮ&31W45⚪'(⚪3ᑖ'ᐳ45ᑖ*☢ᨵ33ᦻJᨵ5⍝⚪஺8᪷O3ᦻᑁQ'9(⚪<1,ᨬ⌱⚗஺IstheTieaNecessity?Ties,orneckties,havebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.So,arethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties?Maybe.Lastweek,theUK'sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.Infact,Blairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities&fwithoutties,whichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast.ForsomemoreconservativeBritish,thetieisamustforproperappearance.Earlier,LaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghan,thetiewasasignofbeingcomplete,ofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurch,toworkintheoffice,toaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion.Buttoday,peoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions.Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplya"band”.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman'sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear&⚠⛲impressedCharlesILthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled&toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660,hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim.Itwasn't,however,untilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorful,flowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Then,clubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer'smembershipinthelate19thcentury.Afterthat,thetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen.Butnow,evengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anyway,thedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood.31ThetiesymbolizesallofthefollowingexceptA.respect.B.elegance.C.democracy.D.politeness.32WhydoesBlairsometimesshowupinaformaleventwithoutatie?A.Becausehewantstomakeashow.B.Becausehewantstoattractattention.C.Becausehewantstoliveinacasualway.D.Becausetiesarecostly.33WhichofthefollowingisNOTasocialoccasion?A.Goingtochurch.B.Goingtoworkintheoffice.C.Goingtoaparty.D.Stayingathome.34WhobroughttheFrenchmen'sneckweartoBritain?A.CharlesII.B.TonyBlair.C.JimCallaghan.D.AndrewTurnbull.35WhendidBritishgentlemenbegintoweartiesregularly?A.Inthe1630s,B.Afterthelate19thcentury.C.In1660.D.Inthelate18thcentury.WhyNotEatBreakfast?

62Breakfastisnotonlythemostimportantmealoftheday,itisalsothemostneglectedorskipped.Commonreasonsfornoteatingbreakfastincludelackoftime,notfeelinghungry,traditionaldislikeforbreakfast,anddieting.Breakfastsimplymeans"breakthefast.'*Yourbodyspendsatleastsixtotwelvehourseachnightinafastingstate.Inthemorningyourbodyneedsenergytorevup&ᩭintohighgearfortheday*sworkahead.Ifyouskipbreakfast,youarelikelytoconcentratelesseffectivelyinthelatemorning,feelirritable,short-tempered&᧕᝼Ḅ'tired,orweak.Whenyouchoosenottoeatbreakfast,yourbodystaysinslowgear.Also,peoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenbinge&⁚ᑴḄᜧᔛlaterinthedayatothermealsoreatahigh-calorie&ᓱ¢£snackinthemorning.Breakfasteaterstendtoeatlessfatduringtheday,havemorestrengthandenduranceandbetterconcentrationandproblem-solvingability.Agoodbreakfastshouldprovideupto1/3ofyourtotalcalorieneedsfortheday.Ontheaverage,weeat400lesscaloriesforbreakfastthanfordinner.Ifbreakfastdoesn'tappealtoyouinthemorning,tryeatingalighter-dinner,earlierintheeveningorsavehalfyourdinnerforbreakfastinthemorning.Ifyoustillaren'thungryinthemorning,startwithsomethingsmalllikejuiceortoastorhaveamid-morningsnacklaterwhenyouarehungry.Noteatingbreakfastcanalsocauseyoutoovereat,sinceafallinbloodsugaroftenmakesyoufeelveryhungrylater.Tomakemattersworse,sinceyourbodyisinaslowedstate,itwillnotbeabletoburnthoseextracaloriesveryefficiently.Ifyoufeedyourbodyhealthysnacksandmealsthroughouttheday,youarelesslikelytobecomeextremelyhungryandstuffyourselfassoonasyoubegintoeat.Sincebreakfastisthefirstandmostimportantmealoftheday,choosingtherightfuelisimportant.Thebestbreakfastfoodsarefruits,juice,leanmeat,andgrainproductssuchasbreads,rice,noodies,andcereals.36Thewordfast'*inthephraseHbreakthefast"inparagraph2meansA."aseriesofquickactions',.B."ahabitofeating".C.*'aperiodofnoteating".D.nastrictrule',.37WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofapersonwhodoesnothavebreakfast?A.Hewillbeeasilydistracted.B.Hewilltendtolosehistemper.C.Hewillfeelweak.D.Hewillbecomeverytalkative.38YoucanimproveyourappetiteforbreakfastbyA.noteatingtoomuchfordinnerintheeveningB.drinkingaglassofmilkbeforegoingtobed.C.eatingabigdinnerintheevening.D.havingsomejuiceandatoastfordinner.39Whichofthefollowingisahealthyeatinghabit?A.Eatingaslittleaspossible.B.Eatingnobreakfast.C.Eatingnolunch.

63D.Eatingthreeregularmealsaday.40WhichfoodisNOTfitforbreakfast?A.Rice.B.FatmeatC.Bread.D.Juice.4q3r--AjV¤WhoCameFirst,theChickenortheEgg?Ijustmailedthechickenandtheegg,eachinitsownseparatepackaging,andkeptcarefultrackofwheneachshipmentwassentfromapostofficeinCambridge,Massachusetts,andwhenitlaterarrivedatitsintendeddestinationinNewYorkCity.Inmailingthechicken,IwascarefultoadheretotherestrictionsdescribedintheAmericanPostaIService'sDomesticMailManual57,asupdatedonApril3,2003.This,themostrecent,versionoftheManualstatesthat:"AdultchickensmustbesentbyExpressMail.ThecontainersusedmustpassthestandardsinInternationalSafeTransitAssociationTestProcedureIA;bestrongenoughtoendurenormalhandling;andensureenoughairforthechickensintransit.Thenumberofbirdsmustnotbemorethanthecontainer'slimit."Imailedthechickeninawoodenboxgotfromacolleaguewhodoesresearchwithbirds.Then,Imailedtheegginstandardpackagingobtainedthroughanindustrialsupplier.It*squitesimple.Ipostedboththechickenandtheeggat9:40am,onaMondaymorning,fromtheHarvardSquarepostoffice,inCambridge,Massachusetts.Thestafftheretoldmethatthiswasthefirstchickenanyonehadmailedfromthereinrecentmemory,andperhapsever.Theyhandledboththechickenandtheeggskillfullyandpolitely.TheintendeddestinationforbothpackageswastheJamesA.FarleyGeneralPostOffice,whichislocatedinManhattanrightnexttothePennStationtrainterminal.ItookthesubwayfromtheHarvardSquaretotheBostontrainstation,andfromthereboardedatraintoNewYorkCity,adistanceofabout320kilometers,arrivingthatafternoonatPennStation.Iimmediatelywenttothepostoffice,toawaitthearrivalsofthechickenandtheegg.TheJamesA.FarleyGeneralPostOfficeisopen24hoursaday,soIwasabletowaitthereuntilbothitemsarrived.Iinquiredonceperhourforboththechickenandtheegg.Thatday,Monday,neitherthechickennortheeggarrived.Thenextday,Tuesday,neitherthechickennortheeggarrived.Thechickenarrivedat10:31am,Wednesday.Thestaffatthepostofficetoldmethatthiswasthefirstchickenanyonehadmailedtothepostofficeinrecentmemory,andperhapsever.Theeggarrivedthatsameday,at9:37pm,11hoursafterthechicken.Basedonexperimentdata,it'snowquiteclearthatthechickencamefirst,theeggsecond.41WhichofthefollowingisNOTrequiredofacontainer?A.Itshouldbeventilated.B.Itshouldbemadeofsteel.C.Itshouldbesufficientlylarge.D.Itshouldbestrong.42WhydidtheauthorgotoNewYorkCity?A.Becausehehadneverbeentherebefore.B.Becausehewantedtoshowthathecouldarrivebeforeboththechickenandtheegg.C.Becausehehadsentthechickenandtheeggtohimself.D.Becausehewantedtocheckwhichofthetwoitemswouldarrivefirst.43HowdidhegotoNewYorkCity?A.Byboat.B.Bybus.C.Bytubeandrail.D.Byair.

6444Whendidthechickenarrive?A.OnMonday.B.At9!37pm,Wednesday.C.OnTuesday.D.Elevenhoursbeforetheegg45Whatdidhedoallthisfor?A.Toamusethereaderwithanunlikelyanswertothechicken-or-eggpuzzle.B.Toknowifanimalslikechickenscouldbeposted.D.Toknowifeggswouldbreakonthewaytotheirdestination.D.Toshowthathewashighlyintelligent.5ᑖ!⊡ᐰ3ᦻ(46G50⚪'(⚪2ᑖ'ᐳ10ᑖ)*☢Ḅ3ᦻᨵ5ᜐ§¨'3ᦻJᨵ6,-.'ᐸ/5,ª«3ᦻ'8᪷O3ᦻᑁQ¬ᐸᑖ®¯ᨵ°±'²ឮ´ᦻµ¯¶஺HowDidSheConquertheAmericans?African-AmericantalkshowqueenOprahWinfreyistheworld'smostpowerfulcelebrity,accordingtoForbesmagazine.(46)Winfrey,51,draws30millionviewersweeklyintheUnitedStates.Hertalkshowreaches112countries.SheearnedUS$225millionoverthepast12monthstoranksecondincelebrityriches.TheannualForbeslistgivesmostweighttoannualearnings.(47)"After21years,herexcitingchatshowstillrulestheairwaves.Itcreatednewcelebritiesandhundredsofmillionsofdollarsinprofits,'*themagazinesaid.Winfreyismostpopularwithherpopulartalkshow"TheOprahWinfreyShow".Shecanalwaysattractthesuperstarsandletthemopenuptoherintimateinterviewingstyle.Lastmonth,AmericanactorTomCruise,42,surprisedfanswhenhecelebratedhisnewromancewith26-year-oldactressKatieHolmes.Hejumpedupanddown,shouting'Tminlove."Onlyafewyearsago,Cruiseandhisex-wifeNicoleKidmanappearedseparatelyonthesameshowtellingthenewsoftheirdivorce.(48)Winfrey'sapproachappearstobesimple.Sheisinpursuitofself-improvementandself-empowerment(«·)஺Thishasprovedtobejustwhatpeople,especiallywomen,want.Winfreyoftentalksaboutherpersonalsecretsonhershow.Thatpullsinviewers.Forexample,sherevealedthatshehadbeensexuallyabusedasachild,andhasspokenfreelyofherstrugglewithherweight.WinfreywasborntoapoorfamilyinMississippiin1954(49)Attheageof19,shebecametheyoungestpersonandthefirstAfrican-Americanwomantoanchor(¸ᢝ)anewsprogramme.Hersuccesshasnotjustbeenonthescreen.Hermediagroupincludesawomen'sTVnetworkandwebsitesforwomen.Winfre/sworkhasextendedtosocialchange.(50)ShetestifiedbeforetheUSSenatetoestablishanationaldatabaseofdangerouschildabusers.PresidentBillClintonlatersigned"OprahBill"intolawA.In1991,shedidalotofworkfortheNationalChildProtectionActB.ShewasnotaverysuccessfulwomanC.ShebeganbroadcastingwhilestillathighschoolD.itplacedWinfreyatthetopofitsannualrankingofthe100peoplelastweek.E.Thecouplehadbeentight-lippedabouttheirbreak-upF.Butitalsolooksatthecelebrity'spresenceontheInternetandinthemedia6ᑖ!uº»§(51G65⚪'(⚪1ᑖ,ᐳ15ᑖ)*☢Ḅ3ᦻᨵ15ᜐ§¨'8᪷O3ᦻᑁQ9(ᜐ§¨;<1,ᨬ⌱⚗஺PrettyGood

65WhenSpanishfootballclubBarcelonapaidUS$35millionforRonaldinholastsummer,theyweren'tbuyingaprettyface."Iam(51),“admitstheBraziliansuperstar(¼½¾)஺"Buteveryonehasgotadifferentkindofbeauty.WhatI(52)haveischarm.'1Indeedhehas.Hisbuckteeth(¿ᱛ),flowinghair,bigsmile,andofcoursehis(53)skillsarealwayseye-catchingonthepitch.The23-year=oldstriker(/Á)scoredtwogoalsina3-2winoverDeportivoLaCorunaonMarch1.ItwasBarcelona'ssixthwininarowand,thankstotheirBrazilian's10-goalcontribution,(54)lookedlikeapoorseasoncouldnowendasuccess.Ronaldinho-fullnameRonaldoDeAssisMoreira-isoneofmanySouthAmericanswholearnedtheirskillsplayinginthebackstreetsbefore(55)themoffontheworldstage.Greatthingswere(56)whenGremiosignedhimasaseven-year-old,andhesoonbeeamefriendswithRonaldo,whowasthentheotheryoungstarofBrazilianfootball.ItwasRonaldowhofirstcalledhimRonaldinho,which(57)LittleRonaldo.Hefirst(58)forhiscountryin1999butitwasatthe2002WorldCupwhereheshowedhisrealworth,scoringanunbelievablefree-kickinBraziTsquarter-finalvictory(59)England.“Ihaveneverfailedtodeliverinbigmatches,"Ronaldinhosays."Mygameisbasedonimprovisation(ᓽᐶ⊤Å)oOftenaforwarddoesnothavethetimetodecidewhethertoshootor_(60)oItisinstinctthatgivesouttheorders."WhilehemaynothaveDavidBeckham'sgoodlooks,Ronaldinhohasa(61)reputationoffthepitch.AtformerclubParisSaintGermain,whichsoldhimtoBarcelona,hebroke(62)rulesbygoingoutandenjoyingthecity'snightlife."Withoutdoubt,Ronaldinhoisthemost(63)playerIhaveevercomeacross,"saysformerPSGcoachLuisFerdandez.**Themain*'(64)foranycoachisthatoneplayerwithoutdisciplinecanhurtthe'wholeteam."ButRonaldinhodoesn'tthinkhehasdoneanythingwrong."Iamjustayoungpersonwhoenjoys(65),“hesays.51AhandsomeBgood-lookingCuglyDattractive52AmustBdoCwillDcould53AdangerousBfrighteningCawfulDbrilliant54AthatBwhichCwhoDwhat55AshowingBdemonstratingCillustratingDdisplaying56AworkedBhopedCthoughtDexpected57AdescribesBmeansCexplainsDexpresses58AkickedBservedCplayedDacted59AoverBatConDabove60AmoveBrunCthrowDpass61AcowboyBgoodboyCplayboyDcollegeboy62AgroupBclassCcollegeDclub63AdifficultBcooperativeCdiligentDhelpful64AquestionBissueCproblemDpoint65AhimBlifeCherselfDyourselfᫀ!1C2D3B4A5C6D7A8D9B10D11A12C13D14D15A16B17C18A19A20B21A22C23B24E25C26D27C28E29D30B

6631C32C33D34A35B36C37D38A39D40B41B42D43C44D45A46D47F48E49C50A51C52B53D54D55A56D57B58C59A60D61C62D63A64C65B