MBA英语阅读精讲汇粹1

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MBA
▅1Passageone(Theonlywaytotravelisonfoot)Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike'PalaeolithicMan','NeolithicMan',etc.,neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel'LeglessMan\Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:'inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailways,ski-liftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.'Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld-orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,inparticular,areforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Isitthelureofthegreatmotorways,orwhat?Andasforseatravel,ithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:'Ijoinedthenavytoseetheworld,andwhatdidIsee?Isawthesea?Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssaysTvebeenthere.'Youmentiontheremotest,mostevocativeplace-namesintheworldlikeElDorado,Kabul,IrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosayTvebeenthere?-meaning,41drovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.?Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravellers.1ஹAnthorpologistslabelnowaday'smen'Legless'becauseApeopleforgethowtousehislegs.Bpeopleprefercars,busesandtrains.Cliftsandescalatorspreventpeoplefromwalking.Dtherearealotoftransportationdevices.2ஹTravellingathighspeedmeansApeople'sfocusonthefuture.Bapleasure.Csatisfyingdrivers'greatthrill.Danecessityoflife.3ஹWhydoestheauthorsay4wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes'?APeoplewon'tusetheireyes.BIntravelingathighspeed,eyesbecomeuseless.CPeoplecan'tseeanythingonhiswayoftravel.DPeoplewanttosleepduringtravelling.4ஹWhatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?ALegsbecomeweaker.BModemmeansoftransportationmaketheworldasmallplace.CThereisnoneedtouseeyes.DThebestwaytotravelisonfoot.5.Whatdoes4abird's-eyeview'mean?ASeeviewwithbird'seyes.

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25.C456ᔣ89Ḅ:;<=>஺Aᵨ?Ḅ129:@஺B?ᙠ9B:஺DC:@஺MBADE▅GHIJK(2)Passagetwo(ViciousandDangerousSportsShouldbeBannedbyLaw)Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,ifsamazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don'tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungeylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongage;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbearbaiting.Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof'thesportingspirit'issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.Whyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally-admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor'sopinionofnowadays'humanbeingsisA.notveryhigh.B.high.C.contemptuous.D.critical.2.ThemainideaofthispassageisA.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw.B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsmoneytoseeviolence.C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports.D.peoplearebloodthirstyinsports.3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansisA.TocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday'speople.B.togiveanexample.C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter.D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtobloodthirsty.4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?

3A.Three.B.Five.C.Six.D.Seven.5.ThepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisA.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves.B.that,bybanningthedangeroussports,wecanimprovethelaw.C.thatwemusttakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem.D.toshowlawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange.Vocabulary1.relish4...MNᜐPQR2.orgySTPUV3.arenaWᢈYPZ[ᡈᧅ^ḄYᡠ4.blood-thirsty`aḄPb⊈Ḅ5.bear-baiting⌹efg6.bull-fightᧅh7.batterijPklᙢiᡭ/ᣨPqᡭ8.pulpᡂstPᡂᙽ9.burstintoflamesvᯠxyzᩭ/Ḽ}10.grim~ḄPḄ11.coopup(...ᐵzᩭ1.bear-baiting⌹efg஺ᓝஹᓝ)DḄfgḼḄeP`aPἭ஺2....twomenbattereachothertopulpintheboxingring.ூ᪀᪆௃batteronetopulp=beatonetoapulp¡¢£,ᡭ¥£ூ¦ὃᦻ௃¨©ᙠªjYᑁ¬¡¢P®⍝©ᡭ᎔ᙠᙢP±²zᩭ஺3....unmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.ூ¦ὃᦻ௃1³´ᡈµ´¶·¸¹ºjPvᯠyzᩭ»[⊭஺4.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchisfrontpagenews.ூ¦ὃᦻ௃)*½¾¿ÀÁ¶Âᜮ᱐ᜮᩩÆÇ஺ᑏÈÉᦻᜧËὅÌÍᐜÏÐஹᑖ᪆ḄᑏÒÈ஺ᐜÓÔÕÖ×ÏØ⇊ÚÛÜϨὅÝÞß஺ὅᚆ᳛ᡂ“ÞßØ!ÚÛ”Päὅåæᔜèéஹ▭Ýb⊈ᡂឋὅ஺ìíîïᒈ᪆ÓÞßØ⇊ÚÛḄñPᨬᢣ6ᦋᗐ“Ø⇊”Ḅ᪷öb÷ᦋᗐÈøÌÍù᩽ḄïûPÈøüýåæþᜧḄᦻÿ
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shouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it'stheconsumerwhopays../Thepooroldconsumer!He'dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn'tcreatemassmarketsfbrproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etc.,fromanadvertisement.Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfiintheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingfbratrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfiillofthedailyrationofcalamities.Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittlefbrourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfiillprice!Anotherthingwemustn'tforgetisthe'smallads.'whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformfbrthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe'hatch,matchanddispatch,columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor'agony'column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.Ifsthebestadvertisementfbradvertisingthereis!1.Whatismainideaofthispassage?A.Advertisement.

5B.Thebenefitsofadvertisement.C.Advertisersperformausefulservicetocommunities.D.Thecostsofadvertisement.2.TheattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersisA.appreciative.B.trustworthy.C.critical.D.dissatisfactory.3.Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers?A.Becauseadvertisersoftenbrag.B.Becausecriticsthinkadvertisementisa“wasteofmoney”.C.Becausecustomersareencouragedtobuymorethannecessary.D.Becausecustomerspaymore.4.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue?A.Advertisementmakescontributiontoourpocketsandwemayknoweverything.B.Wecanbuywhatwewant.C.Goodqualityproductsdon'tneedtobeadvertised.D.Advertisementmakesourlifecolorful.5.ThepassageisA.Narration.B.Description.C.Criticism.D.Argumentation.Vocabularyl.comeinforsth.
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1.Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscominginfbrcriticism.ூὃᦻ௃ᖪ4ILᜧJ4ὁᢸᢇ஺2.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairfbrself-promotion.ூὃᦻ௃Ḅᢇὅ៬ᙠ¡ᡃ¢£/᪗¦§ᨵᜩᑖ஺3.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingoroffersuchdeepinsightintohumannature.ூὃᦻ௃n©ª«ᐸ~%v®¯°᝞²ᨵ³Ḅᦻ´ᡈ¯°tឋḄᑁ¸᝞²¹ºḄ»¼஺4.It'sthebestadvertisementfbradvertisingthereis.½ᫀ¿Àl.C../ḄÁÂᨵᵨ஺ὅÃÄÅ☢ᩭÇÈᵨÉÊËÌÍ᝞ÎÏÐÑÒᜧḄÓÔᡃLÕÖ×S4ᜧØḄÙᵨÚÙὅḄᖪÐÛ/ÜÝÞ஺◀├áᖪÐ᜜ᐸã⌕Ḅäᙠå/æ|çᨵᐵèᵨᖪÐḄÖé4ᩭ¡êᨵëÏÐḄìí஺ÊÄÌ@îïᓄð᛻ä஺᝞ÎòóôḄᜋ§ön§÷ᨵÜ/ø᪵஺úûüt%ýþḄÿ

6ᦋᑗ஺ᡃḕᡃ᩽Ḅ஺!ஹᵯ$ஹᵯ%$&'(ᨵ*+ᦈᐭ./01஺ᡃḄ!2ᡃ34.52ᡈὅ82ᡃ9:;<=>Ḅ⁚@AᐰCDᖪFḄ஺᝞H⌕ᡃ3!ḄᐰJ2<ᡃ⌕F>5KᨬM•ᔜPQRḄS9஺TUVᙠ*XR@YZஹ[ᓬ]^ஹ_`abcdef஺*XghḼ•jklmnopḄᨵᵨឋ஺A.஺stu஺B.vwx஺ᦻz{Cwx2|Cop}mnḄS9஺D.~ᵨ஺2.A./஺UCA⚗஺ᨬ⌕Ḅ2ὅPPS92CᑁᑮḄxAᐰC0ᔾᦈ╏2*8*Xᜧ&'ᑭ¡ᨵ>¢஺ᨬ⌕ḄC£~ὅ3Ḅ~¤஺¥8A⚗஺B.¦§e¨஺C.ᢇª஺D.{«¬஺3.A.Dᖪ᰿ᔿ2஺°/±²1.஺B.Dᢇªὅ³´~஺C.Dµ¶£~ὅ·[{¸⌕Ḅ¹º஺D.D£~ὅ»3¥>஺4.C.w¼½{◤⌕஺ᑗ½g◤⌕2¿½ஹὁ½g◤⌕஺A.ᡃḄ஺B.ᡃUV[ᑮᡃᡠ◤Ḅ஺D.¶ᡃ0ÂÃÄ>Å஺*ÆᩩgᑮCÈÉḄ஺5.C.ᦻz•ÊËÌᑮḄᢇª2ᯠMὅVÎḄÏÐ8ᐸS9஺A.ÒÓ஺B.Ôᑏ஺D.Ö஺MBA×Ø▅ÚÛÜÝ(4)Passagefour(preface)Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or-independentlyofanycourse-simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarformbeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn'ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

71.Accordingtothepassage,"scientificsubculture5means[A]culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists.[B]peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.[C]thescientificcommunity.[D]peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause[A]itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.[B]Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.[C]Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.[D]Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho[A]areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.[B]aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.[C]workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.[D]wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.4.Accordingtothispassage,[A]Englishisasexistlanguage.[B]onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.[C]womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.[D]malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.5.Thispassagemostprobablyis[A]abookreview.[B]theprefaceofabook.[C]thepostscriptofabook.[D]theconcludingpartofabook.Vocabulary1.subcultureÞᦻᓄàáᢣᙠjmnᡈPᦻᓄᑁᐹᨵäᱯឋḄàTæ2.superficialçèḄ2èↈḄ2⊤☢Ḅ3.layperson᜜í2î᜜ï2ðT4.mustyñòḄ2ὁóḄ2▰ῖḄ5.gadgetö÷¬ø2öùú2¿ñ6.pervasiveûüḄ2ýþḄ2ÿḄ7.populate..ᙠ...ᓰᙢ8.implicitḄᑁḄ9.unspecifiedᱯḄ10.offset,⊡1.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.ூὃᦻ௃᝞%&'(⍝*+,-./01234ᮞ678Ḅ9:*;<=>᧕@A-.ḄBCDEFᱯGHIᱯJ-.ᭆL஺2.Wchopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudeandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsareandwhattheydo.ூὃᦻ௃ᡃOPQRSTUVWXὅZ-.[Lᨵ&]^_▎ḄabcZdef-.ஹ-./f+de'HIhOᙠideᨵ&]^jkḄ[l஺3.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.ூὃᦻ௃m᜜Xὅo.pqrst-.[luᡃOᦻᓄwᜐ2ᙠḄy+tz[4{.|}~Ḅᐵ

8஺4.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.ூὃᦻ௃-.ᦻᓄᝣ᝕ᵨᩭᜧ஺R2fḄ᜜frᑗᙢᙠpᔜ℉Ḅᑖᵫᩭᝣ᝕ᐭ@¡¢^ᵱ¤¡¥Ḅ⚞§¨@©ᜧḄª«஺5.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgementoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofhumanraceequally.ூὃᦻ௃R¬ᶍ¨2ᳮ}¯°±²³´@&k*;fᙠµ¶Z·'¸m¹¢ᡃOḄº»¼U½2ᐰ஺¿ᫀÁA1.C-.Â஺¿ᫀᙠÃÄÃÅ'OÆÇ@A-./ÈÉᙠᐸḄᦻᓄHIhOfde᪵Ḅ'஺ÃÌÄÍÎᑮᨵᐵ-.ÂḄÐ☢HIᝣ᝕Z-.ᦻᓄḄª«஺o-.Âᓽᦻᓄ஺A.-./ᡠÔᡂÖÖᦻᓄ×஺B.-.(Øᨵ▲Ḅ+'஺C,Z-.Úᜧª«Ḅ'஺2.BÛ^-.ÜÝÞßᑮᡃOÈÉḄᔜ&à☢஺ᦻáâãäålæ-.fᡃOᦻᓄḄ©⌕è⚪ᵫ°ÜÝêIᑮᡃOÈÉḄëà☢ᨵ(ØḄ'±²◤⌕í៉+ï᪀4ᵨ஺A.@A0ñ4òó-./Ḅôo2õ>᧕஺C<=FC.-./ÈÉᙠᱯöḄᦻᓄ஺D.@A-.ḄBᱯឋ<=>᧕஺3.A2õ@A-.Ḅᜧ.Èᡈ᜜ù஺ÃÅÄ✌;l@RST^Z-.(ûAḄᜧ.È4᜜ùᡠᑏ^y+'ýþ-.ÿ
ḄᚮḄ◭ḄḄḄ⌕ḄḄḄ!ᑏ஺$%&⌕A⚗ᡠᑏ)*+,-.Ḅᜧ012஺B.ᗐ4ᔜ஺C.ᙠ
ḄᚮḄ78஺D.9*ᨵ;<+,Ḅ஺4.D-=>ᵨ□ឋḄBC0DCEᢣG஺HIJK7L+$MNOPQR!STDḄᨵᐵVWXVYZ0[\ᙠᐸ7ḄḄ^ᔁ஺`aᩭ)cᩭc.Ḅᝣ᝕ᒹghᩭ)ijkl.ᝣ᝕hᐭnopᵱorḄ⚞t)uvwᜧxy)ᡠzᝣ᝕ᙠ{ᦻᓄ~7Ḅ.u-kḄᏔᯠ)!kVYᔜ&Ḅᡂᑖ஺ᙠᐸᓄ0xy)ᡃ☢Ḽ◚ឋḄᵨ□ឋBC0DCᩭᢣᢣᱥ)+◀$¡⚟)ᡃᙠ£¤0¥⌕¦ᵨ+§ᦪBC0DCᩭ©Dªᡈ᝛஺A.kឋ஺B.®ᨵᙠ⚞t7)ᝣ᝕Ḅᵨ¯°±஺C.ᝣ᝕ᙠ᧽³ᡃ7Ḅ-〉>ឋv+wᜧḄxy஺᪷¶·⚪¹º%&$I⚗»-*஺-¤%ᡂkᨵឋḄ)ᐸ7¼ᨵCឋ⊤¾ᵱឋᡈ᝕ឋ஺ᦻᑁ&RᢣÀᝣ᝕.k᦮ÂVYḄḄᡂᑖ஺ᵫ4ᝣ᝕ᙠÀḄxy)ᡠz-¤Äᵨ□ឋBCᡈDCEᢣÀ)u-kᙠÅ……5.BNḄÇ)ᦻÈᜧÉ஺A.NḄÊ஺C.NËஹNḄ▬Î஺D.NḄÏᑖ஺MBA▅ÑQLÒÓ5PassagefiveMeditationinIndonesianBusiness
Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,called'WaliUllah'or'thoseclosetoGod,'energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.'Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditate

9togetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan'tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired/Hadizikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialfbracandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.'Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.*Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHandspike'sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKcbatinan-the'searchfbrtheinnerself5Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking."Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie'sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation/hesaid.1.Whatisthemostimportantfactorintheirdoingbusiness?[A]Mysticism.[B]Religion.[C]Meditation.[D]Investment.2.Whomdotheyconsult?[A]ThespiritsofancientJavanesekings.[B]WaliUllah.[C]OldKings.[D]Carnegie.3.WhydidHadisikehastentoadd4hiscompaniesalsoholdmodempersonnelmanagementsystems..??[A]HethoughtMysticismwasnotsogoodasexpected.[B]Toshowtheytoofocusedonqualifications.[C]Toshowtheyhiredqualifiedpersons.[D]Toshowthepossibilityofcombinationofthescientificmanagementwithreligion.4.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionofthemeditationis[A]togainprofitfromthegod.[B]togainpeaceofmindtomakedecision.[C]togainforeknowledge.[D]togainobjectiveconclusion.5.Whatdoes"operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures'referto?[A]Adoptingthewesternwayofdoingbusiness.[B]Ordinarywayofdoingbusinesswithoutmeditationandfasting.[C]ContactwithGod.[D]Puttingrightpersonsintherightjobs.Vocabulary1.fileintoÕÖ!ᐭ)᣸ØhE2.JakartaÙÚÛ3.meditateÜÝ)Þß)àḕ4.Javaâã5.JavaneseâãḄ6.mysticismäåæ

107.boostçh)Ú)Oè8.devout⇎êḄ)ëêḄ9.appealto
ᔣ..îᔙ,ñò4,óô10.legendn%)äõ11.fastingἭ÷)øᡄ12.holdontoᢕû,ü\13.personnelmanagementsystemýᳮᑴ14.perspectiveinvestment
ᢗ15.ventureᖪᢗ◅16.sharpen..┦/┦17.businessslideᓬ/ᚁ18.turnaround19.subconsciousḄ,"Ḅ20.cybernetics#ᑴ%21.CarnegieᓱὊ(22.tap)*⌱,-./01.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.ூ2ὃ/ᦻ௃ᙠᓺ89:;<=>?@ᑮᓺ8BḄᔜDE☢ᖪGHI᜜஺2.Thosedevouttraders,called'WaliUllah'or'thoseclosetoGod,'energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.ூ2ὃ/ᦻ௃LM⇎OḄᖪPQRWaliUllah,ᡈὅ“VW;ḄP“XYZḄἌ\]ᔙ_`abᙢḄ9:;?@ᓺ8BḄᔜD⚞éᖪGHI᜜஺ê☢ëìíîïLi;⚪³ᑏ஺ñòìᑏᩭó஺ñôìõᵨöᖪஹE☢ḄᐹÌI÷ñøìq®EùᳮE²}ú஺ûᫀýþ1.C´¤஺Lᙠñiÿᨵ஺A.஺Ḅᭆᔜ☢஺ᐹḄ⌕!஺B,"ᦟ஺D.ᢗ%஺2.A&'()*+,-ᮣ஺/ᫀᙠ234஺B.WaliUllahᢣᓺ789᪍ᖪ<஺=>⇎@Ḅᖪ

11ᡃn3xjᨵ=ᩭ=<seᳮᡈὅc☠஺Jsᮣᡃnc஺FḼcᒺ⊡ᐙcḄJᵨ)?@ABCᜫE300GHᐗ஺?JKLMḄNOPB⚗ᑁ஺A.RᵨTU;ᓬUV(X᧕UV)஺ᦻᑁᨵZP:%BTUUV஺C."[\]^஺D._`ᗐb஺Passagefive(MeditationinIndonesianBusiness)Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomofasmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosedtheireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsareaimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesfbrgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommysticcommunicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndianMoslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,calledtWaliUllah,or'thoseclosetoGod,'energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.LegendsattributemagicpowerofforeknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandtocontactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.'Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditatetogetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan'tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespiritswilltellusheshouldbehired/Hadizikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnelmanagementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialfbracandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspectiveinvestmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.4Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobeobjectiveinjudgingtheriskofanewventure.Meditationandcontactwiththewisdomoftheoldleaderssharpensyourowninsightandintuition.Thenyouhavetoapplythatintuitiontotheinformationyouhaveandworkhardtobesuccessful.5Mysticmeditationhelpedreverseabusinessslidehiscompaniesexperiencedinthemid-1980.Operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,helostmorethan$3millionsinthatyearalone.Meditationbroughtbackhispeaceofmind.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ThemysticisminHandspike'sboardroomispartofagrowingmovementinIndonesiacalledKebatinan-the"searchfbrtheinnerself*Oneofhismanagers,YusufSoemado,whostudiedbusinessadministrationatHarvardUniversity,comparedtheideaofmysticmanagementtowesternsystemofpositivethinking.'Willpowerandsubconsciousmindarerecognizedasimportantfactorsinbusiness.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie'sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation/hesaid.1.Whatisthemostimportantfactorintheirdoingbusiness?[A]Mysticism.[B]Religion.[C]Meditation.[D]Investment.2.Whomdotheyconsult?[A]ThespiritsofancientJavanesekings.

12[B]WaliUllah.[C]OldKings.[D]Carnegie.3.WhydidHadisikehastentoadd'hiscompaniesalsoholdmodempersonnelmanagementsystems..??[A]HethoughtMysticismwasnotsogoodasexpected.[B]Toshowtheytoofocusedonqualifications.[C]Toshowtheyhiredqualifiedpersons.[D]Toshowthepossibilityofcombinationofthescientificmanagementwithreligion.4.Accordingtothepassage,thefunctionofthemeditationis[A]togainprofitfromthegod.[B]togainpeaceofmindtomakedecision.[C]togainforeknowledge.[D]togainobjectiveconclusion.5.Whatdoes'operatingwithnormalbusinessprocedures,referto?[A]Adoptingthewesternwayofdoingbusiness.[B]Ordinarywayofdoingbusinesswithoutmeditationandfasting.[C]ContactwithGod.[D]Puttingrightpersonsintherightjobs.Vocabulary1.fileintocd9ᐭ,᣸hij2.Jakartaklm3.meditate!nopḕ4.Javars5.JavanesersḄ6.mysticism/0tu7.boostviwlx8.devout⇎zḄ{zḄ9.appealto
ᔣ..~ᔙ210.legendO,/N11.fastingἭ,#ᡄ12.holdontoᢕ13.personnelmanagementsystem`ᳮᑴ14.perspectiveinvestmentᢗ15.ventureᖪᢗ◅16.sharpen……┦/┦17.businessslide;ᓬ/7ᚁ718.turnaround()44¡19.subconscious)¢Ḅ,£)¢Ḅ20.cybernetics¤ᑴ21.CarnegieᓱὊ§22.tap¨©⌱«¬K®1.MysticismtouchesalmosteveryaspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.ூ°ὃᦻ௃ᙠᓺµ/0tu¶·¸¹ᑮᓺµ(ºḄᔜ¼U☢ᖪ¾¿᜜஺2.Thosedevouttraders,called'WaliUllah'or'thoseclosetoGod,'energeticallyspreadbothtradeandreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.ூ°ὃᦻ௃?Á⇎zḄᖪ`ÂÃWaliUllah,ᡈὅ“]ÇtḄ`”ÉÊËḄἌ~ᔙÍrsÎᙢḄ/0t

13uÏᔠ஺ÊËÑÒ?@⌶ÔÕ᩽{×ᙢ©Øᖪ;ᓬ"ÙᦟÛÜ஺3.Puttingtherightpersonsintherightjobsandgainingconfidenceinhisbusinessdecisionswerethekeystoaturningaroundthathasbroughtexpansionandprofitability.ூ°ὃᦻ௃ាÎḄÞ'ßàᵨᔠ〉Ḅ`⌱LâãᐹᨵÛåæV4Ḅᐵè஺éêëìᩭ©Ø"ᑭï஺ᡈb`ðñᢣᢵôõ3öw÷ᜧØùúḄᐵè஺4.Searchfortheinnerself.ூ°ὃᦻ௃ûüᑁåḄýᡃ஺5.Suchapproachesaspsycho-cybernetics,Carnegie'sthinkandgrowthrates,orthepowerofpositivethinkingarewesternattemptstotapthesamehigherintelligencethatwecontactthroughmeditation.ூ°ὃᦻ௃ÿ
ᳮᑴஹᓱὊஹ᳛ஹᡈὅ᩽ὃḄ!"#$ᡃ&'()*ᩭ,ὶ.Ḅ஺ᑏ1"2ᦻ4ᜧ6789:;<=#>?ᓺABCᖪE᝞GH⃩JK஺L⌕Nᵨ8PᑮᐹSᑏ1T"஺8UVWX&YZᱯḄ\88]^ᦻ_#]`a<#$bcde)#ᔣghijḄkᮣmnᩭH⃩஺7opqLrstuvᓺBwxḄᔜz⚞|#ᖪ}~]᜜஺☢78L⚪$ᑏ஺ᑏᩭ஺#ᵨᖪ}☢ḄᐹS##,ᳮ"஺ᫀ1.C)஺7ᙠ•ᨵW஺A.pqLr஺zḄᭆ#¡¢wxᔜ☢஺$]ᐹSḄ£",¤⌕¥¦஺B.§ᦟ஺D.ᢗª஺2.A«¬ghijkᮣ஺ᫀᙠ8஺B.WaliUUahᢣᓺA¯°᪍ᖪE஺7²⇎´ḄᖪEµ£WaliUllahᡈὅᡂ·¸¹LḄE஺ºp»~¼ᐜ¾Ḅ¿ÀÁWaliUHah஺C.ὁij஺D.ᓱὊ#1835-1919wÃÄᐲḄÆÇÈÉÊ}Ë,᠄ᗐË஺Xᨵ8ᝅᳮÏ'}Ḅ!"#Ñ·ᓱὊÒᳮ"Ó஺3.BX&~¤ÔªᔊஹÖ஺7ᙠ×ØÙ#ᖪEHadisiko>»ÚÛW“᝞Ýᡃ&⌕ÞßᳮEᕒ#ᡃ&V8Ù)#ááâᨵ7oãäᩭåæ7zE]ᳮçèᡈὅX]é☠஺~épᮣëìᡃ&íÞßX஺¸ḼXᒺð⊡ᐙXḄJK~NᵨóhEôᳮ.õ#ᓽ⌕ὃ⇋ÞßḄEᕒᨬ᪷úḄᩩ_üý\ªᔊ”஺A.Xÿ
஺C.⊤஺ᦻᡠ⊡ᐙ!"#$஺D.⊤%&'ᳮ)*ᦟ,ᔠḄ/0ឋ஺Hadisike23ᨵ5678஺90'*ᦟ஺4.B:ᑮ<☟ᜮᾯᩭAB஺5ᙠDEFGHIᑖKᑮ஺“MNḄᢗ#PQ
ḄR8Sὃ⇋஺ᨵḼWX)YWḄᜮᾯ᧕[\]ᙢᑨ`aᢗ#Ḅb◅஺R8)Qd⚞⋀ḄghijḄklm)nop:q┦஺'‘DuFDvw“ᐸ•zR8ὅ|}~ḄR8i⌕᪗ᩭu☟ḄᜮᾯAB஺”A.:ᑮᑭ஺C.:ᐜ஺ᐜḄ0m[WaliUllahoD.:ᑮ\]Ḅ,஺ᦻᑁᑮᜮᾯWX᧕\]ᙢᑨ`ᢗ#b◅ᔲ\]Ḅ,஺5.B3ᨵR8)ᡄḄ7஺DEF
ḄR8¡¢£¤¥7¦ᚁ¨©ªᓬ¬5u®¯°ᜫ²300´µᐗ஺5·¸¹ḄºB⚗ᑁ஺A.¼ᵨ¾¿ªᓬ¿ÀÁÂ᧕¿ÀÃ஺ᦻᑁ3ᨵÄ©¯¾¿¿À஺C.)gh஺D.ᗐÆ஺MBAÇ2▅ÉÊKËÌ(6)Passagesix(DropoutsforPh.D.s)EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.

14requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated"becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementfbrthedegree.AttritionatthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.'“Theresultsofourresearch"Dr.Tuckerconcluded,*4didnotsupporttheseopinions?'1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfbrdroppingout.2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfbrtheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfbrnon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.4swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.4sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.4stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.1.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat[A]stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus.[B]thefropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy.[C]thePh.D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropout.[D]Thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers.2.Researchhasshownthat[A]DropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.'sinfinancialattainment.[B]theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies.[C]ThePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsout.[D]aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree.3.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.[A]isthemostfrequentreasonfbrdroppingout.[B]ismoredifficultfbrthesciencecandidatethanfbrthehumanitiescandidate.[C]isanessentialpartofmanyPh.D.programs.[D]doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities.4.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat[A]optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.[B]aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.[C]collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropouts.[D]Ph.D.'sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions.5.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin[A]salaryfbrPh.D.toolow.[B]academicrequirementtoohigh.[C]salaryfbrdropoutstoohigh.[D]1000positions.

15Vocabulary1.dropoutÍ&ὅ⌶⌨&2.well-roundedᐰ☢Ḅ3.attritionÒ/ÔᕒÖ°4.drain×Ø5.bracketuÙÁÚᢣᢥᦈᐭᑖÙḄÃ▤à6.laggingbehindotherfieldsáG[ᐸâ⚞ã7.glum▢åḄæ¸çè1.EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.ூêὃçᦻ௃ᦟìíὅî!ᐵèðñÍ&Ḅò¹᳛ô5õᑗ◤⌕ðñḄøùu¿☢Ḅî!°ᜫ஺2.Itwasbaseon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.ூ,᪀ᑖ᪆௃sentQdᑖüý⛲questionnaires஺Whoÿ
⛲students஺ூὃᦻ௃ᐰ☢22000⊤ᑖ〈ᙠ24ᡠᜧḄ"#$%&ẠḄ஺ᐰ☢()*+,-./012᝿4ᨵ᪷7Ḅ஺3.AttritionatthePh.D.leverisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.ூ8᪀ᑖ᪆௃;<஺Tocapacity=>?ᐰ@஺ூὃᦻ௃"#ABḄCᕒḄEF;G%HIḄᦟᣴLMḄNOPQR;Sᵨᑮ᩽▲ḄᜧXYḄZ[஺4.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.*stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.ூ8᪀ᑖ᪆௃thefactḄ\]that
^Ḅwhere_
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164.A.va?wᦻxKyMQzᨵ?{|}஺?ᙠ@~Bᨬ•B஺@~BG“ᡃMẆcḄ|PQᢝ?7(ᒹ᪥)Gপ2⌨Ḅ⌕U஺ফᜧ4ᦪ⌨ὅᙠ56m,ᑮLMḄ#'(•Ḅ஺বᜧ4ᦪ⌨ὅᙠ¡¢Ḅ£¤LMᡠ¥ᦟ§¨•஺”ᨬ7BG“
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¯ᨵ25%Ḅ⌨"#ὃ⇋Ẇc▾²vKᩩ2´µLM´ᶇᨵḄᦈᐭKᨵ·⌕´ᶇLM¸«Ḅ£¤஺”B.⌨ὅKᜧ¹V}KPQᐹᜓ»ᑮ¼ᡠ◤⌕Ḅ7ᑗ஺C.▾ᜧ¿ÀÁ34⌨஺D.ᙠÂTümsᨵᢳᑮLM+»ḄÅ஺B.ஹC.Ç⚗ᦻᑁsW஺D.QjKÊYËÌÍ4஺5.A.Ḅ£]ÎÏ஺@A⚪A.ḄÌÍYËÌÍ4஺B.T⌕1ÎÑ஺?Ò2ÓTUὅÔÕÖ஺C.ὅ£]ÎÑ஺Q2ÎÑV2ᨵ7=ᑖÑS஺@×⚪D⚗ÍØ஺D.Ù¼Ï஺ᦻᑁsᨵW஺MBAÚ/▅vÜÝÞß(à)Passageseven(StricterTrafficLawcanPreventAccidents)Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymodemdrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundfbrthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusthemotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindasteering-wheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-years-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehaviour.Everythingisdonefbrhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytragic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomethethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestsfbrsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson'sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemadmuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsfbrmanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastosevereiftitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisfbrhumanbeings,notmotor-cars.1.Themainideaofthispassageis[A]Trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists.[B]Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledeachyear.[C]Thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax.[D]Onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventaccidents.2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocietytowardmotorists?[A]Societysmilesonthemotorists.

17[B]Hugecarparksarebuiltinthecitiesandtowns.[C]Victimsofaccidentsarenothing.[D]Societycondonestheirrudedriving.3.Whydoestheauthorsay:'hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality?5[A]Drivingcanshowhisrealself.[B]Drivingcanshowtheotherpartofhispersonality.[C]Drivingcanbringouthischaracter.[D]Hiscarembodieshistemper.4.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTmentionedasawayagainsttrafficaccidents?[A]Buildmorehighways.[B]Stricterdrivingtests.[C]Testdriverseverythreeyears.[D]raiseagelimitandlaydownsafetyspecifications.5.Theattitudeoftheauthoris[A]ironical[B]critical[C]appealing[D]militantVocabulary1.immuniseáâãKáâ◀2.expectationoflife=lifeexpectancyᙳæç3.versus=againstj⚔Kéj4.mutilateêë5.wilfulìឋḄKí᡻Ḅ6.benignïðḄKñ᠄Ḅ7.condoneïó8.desecrateôõKö÷9.codeøùKùOKúû10.stringentü^ḄKýញḄKÿᑗḄ11.performance,ᡂᢣcar'sbehaviorsuchasspeed,fimctionetc.ᡂ,ஹ஺1.Manversusthemotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.ூὃᦻ௃!ᢙ#$%&'()*Ḅ+,-Ḅᡊᧅ஺2.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.ூὃᦻ௃01Ἥ-ᡠᨵ5678⊤:Ḅ;<஺ᑏ>?@AᦻBᜧDᦻBEF“HIJᦑ”MᵨOPஹ!QR@஺SḄTᙳVWXYHIJᦑ᳛ᡂ[Q\]^_Jᦑ᳛`ᓣḄbO⌕dᑴfghiḄ@jklᑴ-mm⌼ᡂJᦑḄop஺qᫀst1.DuᨵghiḄHI@jvᑴ-HIJᦑ஺ᙠᨬy$zḄ{E|}:Ḅᨬ~஺☢zu⌼ᡂJᦑḄmmbO஺ᐸḄ”ᑴfHI@jl+ḄWḄ᎛஺!ᨵ*Ḅ@jᨬhiḄ*ohi஺@¡u!HIJᦑ᳛]ᜧᜧ¢£Ḅ>ᵨ¤ᨵ¥¦§ḄᦔP஺©”ᑡ«⌕¬ḄJ“®¯°01᪗²ᓄQ:ᙠḄ⌕hi´ᡠᨵµ¶·¸¹ὃ᪶$»´¹¼Ḅᐕ¾¹¿0ÀÁᑮ21ôᐰŶÆ·¹Ç0ÈÉhiḄÊᐰ¯°¤¯fᐸÊᐰឋ©……ÍÎÏ]ᩭѦhᔍ᝞Pᐸ{PJ·¹µÔᦪḄÖo×ᙠØÙhiḄJ஺”A.Ú⌕¶Æµ¶⌼ᡂḄHIJᦑ஺B.ᐰ·¹ᨵᓟÜ஺C.ᨵ*ḄHI@j஺¸⍝qᫀÇᦻ|\ᑮÞ$ßo>|àḄ஺

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19[C]Toshowmasstransportationchangedmanycities.[D]Tocontrasttheirrateofgrowth.3.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasonedisadvantageofresidentialexpansion?[A]Itwasexpensive.[B]Ithappenedtooslowly.[C]Itwasunplanned.[D]Itcreatedademandforpublictransportation.4.TheauthormentionsChicagointhesecondparagraphasanexampleofacity,[A]thatislarge.[B]thatisusedasamodelforlanddevelopment.[C]wherethedevelopmentoflandexceededpopulationgrowth.[D]withanexcellentmasstransportationsystem.Vocabulary1.reviseᦋ2.fabric÷᪀3.catalyzeùᓄûº4.sortout..ᑖþÿ,⌱5.omnibusᐳ/6.trolleyᨵᵯᵯ7.peripheryᕜ8.sprawlᱥᑜ⅁☢!"ᦣ$9.lot%ᱏ'ᙢ10.underscore)*ᙠ,☢ᑜ-.11.transitlines/0.112.subdivision23Ḅ%ᙽ'ᙢ6ᑜᑖ%89ᫀ;<1.Dᐳ=>/0?@A᡽CḄDE஺ᦻH$IJKL2MNO“ᐳ=>/0QRS᪷U"☢ᦋWXY@AḄZ[\]^_᪀஺”b☢ᦻHᑁdefR"☢Ḅᐹhᓄ஺A.ᐳ=>/0j஺B.@AklḄmnoឋ஺C.q◤᝞tuo'ᙢᑭᵨ஺MR⚗ᦻyz{ᐹh|⚪LᑮmfᦻHḄ⌕⚪஺2.Cᐳ=>ᦋWX@A஺9ᫀN"1850AὁḄᖪᙢ8mᑮ2ᑮXMᐸ¡᡽¢10஺£ᙠq¤¥Ḅ¦§¨©ª¤«¬¬ὁḄ@Ay®ᯠᩭ±²³´µஹ·ᱥ\¸¹º“ᙠ1890¢1920»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂAᑁᨵÃ250,000SÄḄªÅÆ8ᜧᦪÉᙠÊ8஺]ËÌ᪵MλA8᜜ЮᙠÀÁÂᜧÑAᙢ8ᑁÒᑜ⌼X550,000SªÅÆ8஺”A.⊤ÖᡂØḄÙÚÛ"☢ᦔÝ஺B.ᨵᐳ=>/0Ḅ@A{஺D.?ÞÛὅᡂØ᳛áÑmfUᦻyÛ@AâḄḄ஺3.Cãᨵᑜ஺JäR¥“@A᡽C⅁᪷UᑜåæᓟS%Ḅᢗéᖪêë᡽Cìmὃ⇋ïðñ*òᔠᑭᵨ'ᙢômὃ⇋õᩭ'ᙢᑭᵨ஺”A,ö÷\B.ö᠒ÛS⌱⚗ᦻᑁãᨵL஺D.ùú⌼X?ᐳ=>/0Ḅ◤û஺MmfªÅ᡽CḄNSüOýfRS᪷UᦋW@AḄNS"☢஺JNRþ“>Ëᜧÿ
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20MBA▅69
PassageNine(Holmes,Knowledge)Hisignorancewasasremarkableashisknowledge.Ofcontemporaryliterature,philosophyandpoliticsheappearedtoknownexttonothing.UponmyquotingThomasCarlyle,heinquiredinthenaivestwaywhohemightbeandwhathehaddone.Mysurprisereachedaclimax,however,whenIfoundincidentallythathewasignorantoftheCopernicanTheoryandofthecompositionoftheSolarsystem.“Youappeartobeastonished,Holmessaid,smilingatmyexpression."'NowthatIdoknowitIshalldomybesttoforgetit.Yousee,Iconsiderthataman'sbrainoriginallyislikealittleemptyattic,andyouhavetostockitwithsuchfurnitureasyouchoose:Afooltakesinallthelumberofeverysortthathecomesacross,sothattheknowledgewhichmightbeusefultohimgetscrowdedout,oratbestjumbledupwithalotofotherthings,sothathehasdifficultyinlayinghishanduponit.Itisamistaketothinkthatthelittleroomhaselasticwallsandcandistendtoanyextent.Dependuponit,therecomesatimewhenfbreveryadditionofknowledgeyoufbrgetsomethingthatyouknowbefore.Itisofthehighestimportance,therefore,nottohaveuselessfactselbowingouttheusefulones.^^“ButtheSolarSystem!”Iprotested.“Whatthedeuceisittome?”heinterruptedimpatiently.Onemorning,Ipickedupamagazinefromthetableandattemptedtowhileawaythetimewithit,whilemycompanionmunchedsilentlyathistoast.Oneofthearticleshadapencilmarkattheheading,andInaturallybegantorunmyeyethroughit.Itssomewhatambitioustitlewas“TheBookofLife,anditattemptedtoshowhowmuchanobservantmanmightlearnbyanaccurateandsystematicexaminationofallthatcameinhisway.Itstruckmeasbeingaremarkablemixtureofshrewdnessandofabsurdity.Thereasoningwascloseandintense,butthedeductionappearedtometobefar-fetchedandexaggerated.Thewriterclaimedbyamomentaryexpression,atwitchofamuscleoraglanceofaneye,tofathomaman'sinmostthought.Deceit,accordingtohim,wasimpossibilityinthecaseofonetrainedtoobservationandanalysis.HisconclusionswereasinfallibleassomanypropositionsofEuclid.Sostartlingwouldhisresultsappeartotheuninitiatedthatuntiltheylearnedtheprocessesbywhichhehadarrivedatthemtheymightwellconsiderhimasanecromancer.“Fromadropofwater,“saidthewriter,“alogiciancouldinferthepossibilityofanAtlantic.Soalllifeisagreatchain,thenatureofwhichisknownwheneverweareshownasinglelinkofit.Likeallotherarts,thescienceofDeductionandAnalysisisonewhichcanbeacquiredbylongandpatientstudy,norislifelongenoughtoallowanymortaltoattainthehighestpossibleperfectioninit.”ThissmartlywrittenpieceoftheoryIcouldnotacceptuntilasuccessionofevidencesjustifiedit.1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardHolmes?[A]Praising.[B]CriticaL[C]lronical.[D]Distaste.2.WhatwaydidtheauthortaketostickoutHolmes5uniqueness?[A]Bydeduction.[B]Byexplanation.[C]Bycontrast.[D]Byanalysis.3.WhatwastheHolmes5ideaaboutknowledge-learning?[A]Learningwhateverybodylearned.[B]Leamingwhatwasusefultoyou.[C]Learningwhateveryoucameacross.[D]Lcarningwhatwasdifferenttoyou.4.Whatdidthearticlementionedinthepassagetalkabout?[A]Onemaymasterthewayofreasoningthroughobservation.

21[B]Onemaybecomerathercriticalthroughobservationandanalysis.[C]Onemaybecomerathersharpthroughobservationandanalysis.[D]Onemaybecomepracticalthroughobservationandanalysis.Vocabulary1.ThomasCarlyleᡲ•ᓱ1795-1881ஹᔊ¡ஹ¢£2.jumble(up)¤¥,§¨¥3.layhandon(upon)sth.ᢕ,ªᑮ4.atbestᨬḄ®¯°5.elbowout(off)ᵨ±²ᾢᢴµ¶µ6.deuce=devilwhatthedeuceisittome?P}⊤¸¹᥅Ḅ»ូ1ᳮ஺¾¿P᎔◭ḄÂÃÄᡃᨵÆÇᐵÉ7.whileawaythetimeÊË/ᡭ
-Î8.shrewdnessÏÐÐ┦ᱰᑭ9.far-fetchedᱫÕ▬×ØÙᯠ10.fathomÛÜ/ݶÞßà11.infallibleráâã12.uninitiatedäåæçèḄ13.Euclidéê}ë(íîïᦪ£)14.necromanceròóôõö÷1.Afboltakesinallthelumberofeverysortthathecomesacross,sothattheknowledgewhichmightbeusefultohimgetscrowdedout,oratbestjumbledupwithalotofotherthings,sothathehasdifficultyinlayinghishanduponit.ூù᪀û᪆௃þÿ
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9;Ḅ#ᩭ#ᡠO%Q78%◀%}%ᵨO?
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22ÚÛܯ8᯿ᓫᐰᦈAá¼ὅḄÆ9âÚÇᡲÊgÎÏä#8•æçâᜧè஺éᫀëÚLAìí஺¼ὅO;îᡲ#ᱥgᨵ;O%ð#ḄÆ9ᢇòpóᩭlm#ᱥḄyô஺ᔲõᡠö÷øÓᙠùú஺yÆ9ÈìíÊgûmüýÎþä#ÿ
஺2.Cὅᵨ஺3.Bᨵᵨᱥ஺⊤ᜮᾯḄ!"#$%&⌱()ᐹ(,-)/0!12⌱(“ᨵᵨ4”67809:ᱥᨵᵨ4ᢴ<=஺4.C>?@Aᑖ᪆DEF7GH┦஺ᨬKLMNᡠᑏᦻRḄᑁT஺ᗐV@Aᑖ᪆ḄDWXYZ[D\]•_`$,ᜧbc஺de•f,gḄ\⚞M>?ij@ஹᑖ᪆Ẇmn7஺opMq>?@ᑖ᪆DWXF7Hrs᠗uvwᱥLᨵὶy஺MBAz{▅}~N(10)Passageten(AntinuclearDemonstration)Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135,000demonstratorsconfrontedpoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1,000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaid,theprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedarea,wouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebay,andhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.GovernorStanfbrthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.<4Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelaw,“hesaid.Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.Theycarriedplacardsthatread“NoNukesisGoodNukes,“"Sunpower,NotNuclearPower,"and"StopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril."Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistpolice,butrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassembly,trespassing,anddisturbingthepeace.1.Whatwerethedemonstratorsprotestingabout?[A]Privateprofits.[B]NuclearPowerStation.[C]Theprojectofnuclearpowerconstruction.[D]Publicperil.2.Whohadgas-masks?[A]Everybody.[B]Apartoftheprotestors.[C]Policemen.[D]BothBandC.3.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasareasonfbrthedemonstration?[A]Publictransportation.[B]Publicperil.[C]Pollution.[D]Disposalofwastes.4.Withwhomwerethejailsandcourtsoverloaded?

23[A]Withprisoners.[B]Witharresteddemonstrators.[C]Withcriminals.[D]Withprotestors.5.WhatistheattitudeofGovernorStanforthThumpertowardthepowerprojectandthedemonstration?[A]stubborn.[B]insistent.[C]insolvable.[D]remissible.Vocabulary1.teargas2.passivelyresistingprotestor#ᢙḄᢙὅ3.stage4.breakupᦣ5.cordonᡄᡄ6.nuke᪶ᘤ᪶ᵯ7.defyᯠℿ¢/¤ᢙ8.canister¥¦§☂©¦9.dislodgeª«10.charge¬ᔣ¯¬11.trespass°±ᐭ᡾´µ¶·¸1.Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.ூº᪀¼᪆௃¶¾1ᵨinanattempt¿ÀÁ{AstagedᑖÀ¶ÃFi஺StagedÄ⛲demonstration«ூÆὃ·ᦻ௃ÈjÉÊᑴÌ?ḄᨬᜧḄ¤᪶ÍÎϾÐÑ9Òᣓ95000Ô#ÕᣓḄᢙὅÖ×ØᦣÏÙÚ஺2.TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoncd-offconstructionsite.ூº᪀¼᪆௃Ûܶ஺ூÆὃ·ᦻ௃ÈjÉÝ᧽¯ßàáᓟãÍÎὅ¬ẚᡄÊ᪶åæçᙢᕜêḄë┝íᢙÍÎîï9஺ᑏÐðᦻRᜧ&dMᑣᨵᐵ¤᪶ᵯḄóôÍÎᢙḄõö÷øᵨ஺Ð╋úûóôüýᢙ஺þpᑏ<9ÿ
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244.BªᣓḄὅ஺OQᨬ¥•Ï“⌕êᑮTìᱞ±TNîïðñòu*TóNôõö÷஺”äὅÑᜓᙶᱞX?úèḄXû஺uᑮìᱞü?ýTóNḄa⚪஺ᡠxþÿ
ᢕḄὅ஺A.஺C.஺D.ᢙὅ஺ᢕᡠᨵḄᢙὅ஺ᐵᙠᱞḄ
ᢕḄὅ஺5.A᡻ᓄ஺!"#$%ᢝ'᪶ᵯ*+ᑜᵨ.ὃ⇋12ᑁ•5⌕7ᡂ+ᑜ9:;<=>?ᑮ:᎛BCD஺EFGHIJKẚM+ᑜḄNIOᜐ஺QRS>ᑁᔜᜐUVᩭᜐᳮFY“[\:S^_ᑮ`ab'cFd>e᡻fg஺B.%ᢝḄ஺C,hiḄ஺D.jឧḄ஺MBAl^▅nopqr(10)Passageten(AntinuclearDemonstration)Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135,000demonstratorsconfrontedpoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1,000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaid,theprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedarea,wouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebay,andhadnoacceptablemeansfbrdisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.GovernorStanfbrthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetfbrcompletioninthreeyears.t4Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelaw,“hesaid.Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.Theycarriedplacardsthatread“NoNukesisGoodNukes,“"Sunpower,NotNuclearPower/'and"StopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril."Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistpolice,butrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassembly,trespassing,anddisturbingthepeace.1.Whatwerethedemonstratorsprotestingabout?[A]Privateprofits.[B]NuclearPowerStation.[C]Theprojectofnuclearpowerconstruction.[D]Publicperil.2.Whohadgas-masks?[A]Everybody.[B]Apartoftheprotestors.[C]Policemen.[D]BothBandC.3.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasareasonfbrthedemonstration?[A]Publictransportation.[B]Publicperil.[C]Pollution.[D]Disposalofwastes.4.Withwhomwerethejailsandcourtsoverloaded?[A]Withprisoners.

25[B]Witharresteddemonstrators.[C]Withcriminals.[D]Withprotestors.5.WhatistheattitudeofGovernorStanforthThumpertowardthepowerprojectandthedemonstration?[A]stubborn.[B]insistent.[C]insolvable.[D]remissible.Vocabulary1.teargastuvw2.passivelyresistingprotestorxᢙḄᢙὅ3.stageyz{`|}4.breakup~ᦣ5.cordonᡄᡄ6.nuke᪶ᘤ᪶ᵩ*7.defyᯠℿ/ᢙ8.canister☂9.dislodge10.chargeᔣ11.trespassIᐭ᡾\¡¢£I.Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.ூ¥᪀§᪆௃¡ª«ᵨinanattempt¬®^¯stagedᑖ±¡²³e஺Staged´⛲demonstration஺ூ¶ὃ¢ᦻ௃¸¹º.ᑴ¼{`½ḄᨬᜧḄ᪶À`ªÁyÂÃtuvwÄᣓÃ5000ÆÇᣓḄᢙὅJKhᦣÀ`ÈÉ஺2.TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.ூ¥᪀§᪆௃ÊS¡஺ூ¶ὃ¢ᦻ௃¸¹ºË᧽ÍÎÏÐᓟÒὅẚᡄ.᪶7ÓÔᙢᕜ×ḄØ┝:ᢙ;<Ã஺ᑏÛÁIÜᦻÝᜧÞF
ßᑣᨵᐵE᪶ᵯ*ḄáâᢙḄãäåæçᵨEèéI஺Á╋ëìáâ%iᢙ஺!ß#BᑏíÃîïÁðÂtuvwÄᣓÃ5000Æñòὅᵭcᢙ⌕ôõö÷øᩭøÆḄᢙὅ¶ÜEÎùúëûü±ᐸþ◀ᙠ
ᙢ᪶ᵯḄᑜ஺ᐸᳮᵫᙠᙢᐰᙠ᪶ᧇᜐᳮ#ᨵᦔ&'஺()*+,-./ᜧ1234᪶ᵯḄ56ὃ⇋ᑜ9ᦋ;⚪=>ᑁ⌕Aᡂ᪶ᵯC஺DEF.GHI஺JKLẚNᑜOPQR'ḄST'ᜐU஺VWᐰ.XYZ[J\]^ᣛ`஺(=*a-b&c5dᡊfghiẚ᧽ᦪᓟmnὅpqrmnstᑏfvᨵ᪶ᵯwxḄ᪶ᵯy⌕᪶z{|□z~CᙢXYXᡄXYᵨ#ᦔᙢᢕmnὅᣓὅST'ஹᐭ᡾`~஺ᫀ¡1.Cᢙ£C᪶ᵯᑜ஺ᢙ£᪶ᵯ஺¤¥B.᪶ᵯ¦§ᡠTJ஺A.©ᑭID.«ᐳᓻ◅]¯°mnst±²ᢙ£Ḅ³´&ᔣ஺2.Db&஺ᨬ*(·¸ᨬ(i¸“ᢙ£ὅºᜓ-¼½¾¿Ḅ■Á☢ᐹᡈ☢Å஺ᨬᜮᡚ■Á☢ᐹᜮÈḄXYÉÊᙢᢕmnὅ஺'‘ᡠTÍÎ&☢°ᨵ■Á☢ᐹ஺3.A«ᐳdÏÐÑ஺B.«ᐳᓻ◅஺C.஺D.ᧇᜐᳮ=ᢙ£Ḅᳮᵫ஺4.BᣓḄmnὅ஺(*ᨬ¸“mn⌕ÒÓÔÕÖᑮ.Øᱞ.'ÚÛÜÝÞQß.à'áâã

26å஺”ÍçmnὅºᜓÕᙶᱞ2éÑḄ2ê஺QëᑮØᱞìÔíç.à'Ḅ;⚪஺ᡠT]îïzᢕḄmnὅ஺A.ð஺C.ð஺D.ᢙ£ὅ஺XYñzᢕᡠᨵḄᢙ£ὅ஺ᐵᙠᱞîḄïzᢕḄmnὅ஺5.Aó᡻¿õö÷ᓄ஺õ()*¼1ᢝÍ᪶ᵯᑜᵨ6ὃ⇋=>ᑁú⌕ᡂᑜºEF.GᑮE᎛wzüI஺J]¯R'KLẚNᑜḄý'þᜐ஺ÿ
ᑁᔜᜐᩭᜐᳮ“”஺
ᑮ᡻!"#$஺B.%ᢝḄ஺C.()*+Ḅ஺D.,-ឧḄ஺MBA/▅12345(12)PassageTwelve(WeShouldAllGrowFatandBeHappy)Here'safamiliarversionoftheboy-meets-girlsituation.Ayoungmanhasatlastpluckedupcouragetoinviteadazzlingyoungladyouttodinner.Shehasacceptedhisinvitationandheisoveijoyed.Heisdeterminedtotakehertothebestrestaurantintown,evenifitmeansthathewillhavetoliveonmemoriesandhopesduringthemonthtocome.Whentheygettotherestaurant,hediscoversthatthisetherealcreatureisonadiet.Shemustn'teatthisandshemustn'tthat.Oh,butofcourse,shedoesn'twanttospoilhisenjoyment.Lethimbyallmeanseatasmuchfatteningfoodashewants:it'sthesurestwaytoanearlygrave.Theyspendatrulymemorableeveningtogetherandneverseeeachotheragain.Whatamiserablelotdietersare!Youcanalwaysrecognizethemfromthesourexpressionontheirfaces.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeturningtheirnosesupatfood.Theyareforeverconsultingcaloriecharts;gazingatthemselvesinmirrors;andleapingontoweighing-machinesinthebathroom.Theyspendalifetimefightingalosingbattleagainstspreadinghips,protrudingtummiesanddoublechins.Somewageall-outwaronFAT.Meredietingisnotenough.Theyexhaustthemselvesdoingexercises,sweatinginsaunabaths,beingpummeledandmassagedbyweirdmachines.Thereallywealthydiet-mongerspayvastsumsfor'healthcures\Fortwoweekstheycanenteranatureclinicandbestarvedtodeathforahundredguineasaweek.Don'tthinkit'sonlythemiddle-agedwhogoinforthesefadseither.Manyofthesebrightyoungthingsyouseearesufferingfromchronicmalnutrition:theyarelivingonnothingbutair,waterandthegoodwillofGod.Dietersundertaketostarvethemselvesoftheirownfreewill;sowhyaretheysomiserable?Well,fbronething,they'realwayshungry.Youcan'tbehungryandhappyatthesametime.Allthehorribleconcoctionstheyeatinsteadoffoodleavethempermanentlydissatisfied.Wonderfbodisacompletefood,theadvertisementsays.4Justdissolveateaspoonfulinwater../.Acompletefooditmaybe,butnotquiteascompleteasajuicysteak.And,ofcourse,they'realwaysmiserablebecausetheyfeelsoguilty.Hungerjustprovestoomuchfbrthemandintheendtheylashoutanddevourfivehugeguilt-inducingcreamcakesatasitting.Andwhocanblamethem?Atleastthreetimesadaytheyareexposedtotemptation.Whatuttertortureitisalwayswatchingotherstuckingintopilesofmouth-wateringfoodwhileyoumunchawaterbiscuitandsipunsweetenedlemonjuice!Whafsallthisself-inflictedtorturefor?Saintlypeopledeprivethemselvesoffoodtoattainastateofgrace.Unsaintlypeopledosotoattainastateofmisery.Itwillbeagreatdaywhenallthedietersintheworldabandontheirslimmingcourses;whentheyholdouttheirplatesanddemandsecondhelpings!1.Thebesttitlefbrthispassageis[A]OnFat.[B]WcShouldAllGrowFatandBeHappy.[C]ManyDiseasesAreConnectedwithFat.[D]DietDeprivesPeopleofNonnalLife.2.Whydotheyneverseeeachotheragain?[A]Becauseitisamemorableevening.[B]Becausesheletshimeatasmuchfatteningfoodashewants.[C]Becauseshedoesnoteatthisanddrinkthat.[D]Becauseeatingfatteningfoodisthesurestwaytoanearlygrave.3.WhichofthefollowingwaysisNOTmentionedfbrdiet?

27[A]Doingexercises.[B]Noteatingsugar.[C]Noteatingfat.[D]Takingsaunabaths.4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowarddiet?[A]Persuasive.[B]Critical.[C]Indifferent.[D]Adversative.Vocabulary1.ethereal78Ḅ9:Ḅ2.sour៕ḝ(=Ḅ3.tummy>?4.protrude@AḄ@BḄ5.wageCDᡊFG6.all-outᐰ☢Ḅ7.saunabath᫃KL8.pummel=pommelᵨNᜮPᡭ9.massageᢥ᥅10.weird(,TUḄV᜻Ḅ11.mongerᖪYZ?12.fad[\]Ḅ^_13.concoctionᑴa€cdᔠfgᱥ14.wonderfbod᜻ᝯḄjᱥ15.lashoutklmᡭ16.ata/onesitting[no17.munchᵨpq18.inflictrsᡭtuvw19.slimxᩩḄ(z{Ḅ|}~ḄᑏCᦻᜧᦻ“ksᐜYḄᵱ᝕ᐭᐭḄk✌ᐜᔜḄDᐰ☢ᡊᧅFᐸkḄᨬ¢£AḄ¤Ḅ஺¥¦Y§¨஺©ª«ᦻ¬ᦻg஺s®¯Ḅ°±±²ᐭḄ³Y§¨៝µḄ¶·஺¸ᫀº*1.Bᡃ¼½#¾¿¿ÀÁ៝µ஺ᦻḄ¤ḄÂᦻᨬÃ᪗⚪஺¸ᫀ!ᨬ¢[ª”[ᑗÇᡃᢚÉÊËÌÍÎᙛÐḄY¼(ᔛÒfÊËÓᩞ7Õ(ᙛÐḄY¼(ᔛÒf#ᑮḄk஺Ö×ØÙᡠᨵḄ⁚jὅÞ¨ßàáâ#xᩩḄã\Öä¼åAæ?⌕èéᩭ•ëDìíëjᱥF\î[ïðᜧḄñ?஺”A.ᾦó஺ô¿ᨵ£õö÷ᦻḄᑁø஺ùᦻúᑮḄᔜï☢û(ᓫ3ᾦójaᡈþjÿ⚪஺C.ᾦᨵᐵ஺ᦻᑁᑮ☢Ḅ⚪஺D.⁚ᒑ!஺ᦻᑁᑮ"#$%ᦻ&Ḅ'(Ḅᑁ)஺2.Dᔛᾦ+,-஺.ᫀ0ᙠ“34ᩭᑮ67"489:;<Ḅ=᝕?@⍎Ḅ=᝕B%CDE⁚ὅ஺G$HᔛC"I$HJKC஺ᗚ"3ᯠ"᝛$OP4Ḅᐶ"R4Oᔛ=ᾦḄ+0STᔛ஺%,,UV-WḄᨬᨵYZḄ⌶\஺''^_⌴abcd஺Cᔛ"C$ᔛef%gg$ᐭ"ijk“ᔛᾦlm,-W”opqHr4"4CᔛsK:optḼ"vw%xyzᝰḄ|}"4~ᡠyD%ᨬUV$i☢Ḅ஺A.%CḄ|}஺B.᝛R4᰿ᔛ=ᾦᱥ0ᔛ=஺C᝛$ᔛC$ᔛKC஺⚗%ᓫḄwᡈ஺3.B$ᔛ஺.ᫀi“4ᜧᑖ+$¡஺4¢£ᔣ¥T⊤§ᦟ©ª"᯿

28®"¯ᑮ°±Ḅ²³k´µT஺4i·ᙠᔣ¸ᜧ"¹®º»"¼½¾¿•CÁÂÃᶧḄᡊᧅ஺ᨵḄᾦÇᐰ☢ᡊᧅ஺ᐝ⁚%$ÊḄ"4ËÌyÍὑϵ"Ð᫃Ò°»Ó"ᵨ᜻ÖḄ×ᘤᢥ᥅Ûᡭ஺”A.ËÌÝÞ஺C$ᔛᾦ஺D.Ð᫃Ò°஺4.BᢇàḄ᝱â஺ᙠஹᨵäåḄ⊤æ஺ç“è⁚ὅ%éêëḄìíîï'%êyð4៕ḝ$ÇḄ⊤kó»4஺'‘᎔ᦪ÷ç“èøᨵùḄ⁚ᜧúᏉüýᶭÿᜧḄ⚗஺ᑮ“ᯠ⌕•஺!!"#$%&'()*+,-஺./0ᑮ12☘$4ᵫ67⃩9:;<=>஺?☠ABஹDEFGḄᗐI<,Ḽ஺”LMN“⁚PὅᵞST⛭ᢸWXYXW᪵[\]^ᕖ`✌ᐜc"dᑮ⛭஺.:/eḼfghᐶ஺ᔛḄ:"Pᱥᐰ"mnoḄpq(rs:etuI……”LMN᎔ᦪLMy“⛭z{|dᑮ}\:~~஺ᨬẚB?~ᜧᙽt%ᑁḄ᝘஺eᜩM☢ὁ"Ḽ%ᜧᔛḼ¡¢ḄP£<.¤ᵨ¦§D¨©Eª«ᨵᕡḄ¯°±஺(")YX᪵Ḅᢚ³´”A.µ¶Ḅ஺C.·:ᐵ¹஺(⚗:஺D.ºIḄ஺:ᔠ〉஺MBA½¾▅ÀÁÂÃÄ(17)PassageSeventeen(OnthePresident'sProgram)PresidentArlinghasputhislongawaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyfbrthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresidenfspartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhilefederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresidenfsprogram.Theywanttaxcutsandmoreopenmarket.Theysayiffederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresidenfsprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfbcusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.1.ThefbcusofthePresident'sprogramison[A]investment.[B]economy.[C]technology.[D]tax.2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?[A]Theywantamoredirectaction.[B]Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.[C]Theywanttorebuildindustry.[D]Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

293.Whatistheeditor'sattitude?[A]support.[B]distaste.[C]Disapproval.[D]Compromise.4.Thedangertotheplanliesin[A]thetwoparties'objection.[B]differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan.[C]itspassage.[D]distortion.5.Thepassageis[A]areview.[B]apreface.[C]aadvertisement.[D]aneditorial.Vocabulary1.reverse⌮Ç2.slideÈᚁ3.plagueÊËÌᢚ³Í᡾4.tariffᐵÏ5.decryÐÑÒ6.leverᩨᩚÌᵨᩨᩚÕ-7.cruxÖ×8.ideologueAØÙÚØÙ9.intactÛÜ:-ḄÝ᦮ßàḄ10.investmentcreditᢗâãä11.researchgrantẆæçè[yéê1.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyfbrthepastsixyears.ூ&ὃéᦻ௃(ïÇðñÈᚁÌÈᑮᜫóhô7EõðÍ᡾ðñö6$÷øù᧕ûüᩭþ"ÿ⌕Ḅ஺ᑏᦻᜧᑣᨵᐵᔣḄᑜ஺ὅᵨ"#$ᩭ&'ᐸᑜ)*+ឋ-./012ᑜḄ34☢6ᢗ8ஹẆ;ஹᦟ=ஹ>ᦈ@-AḄᑴCDᚁ-FGHIJKL஺.MஹNO/PQ2ᑜRO☢ḄS"-TᑁḄVW⌕XYZ[-Y\]Ḅ^_-`ᐳbT"ᓽd⌲fggFh>ᦈijklm஺.n/'Oὅioᶍᡃr☢st⚪Ḅvᱯឋx஺yz{|ᡈ~t⚪஺ᢈḄᜧ-`zᵨᢈḄ☢sᙠᡂM@Ḅᓻ◅஺HIzᑮᐜ-0zᨵᦔᙢJK-¡¢£ᡈᐭ᜜{|iz¦§¨ᦔ஺©ᨵᢈª«Ḅ¬bᑭ®Ḅ¯ᢗ8-HI°±ᯠ³´µ᜜JK"$஺ᨬ´/h'ᑜḄ⌕h0H·ᢈ஺ὅ'6⌕Xᐰ☢¹º»¼½ᑜ஺᝞¿ᡃrz»¼-ᡃrÀzᨵ.MÁÂ஺ÃᫀÅÆ1.CH·ᢈ஺ᨬ´/.Ç”t⚪ḄÉÊ0ᙠµH·ᢈ-0ᑜḄ⌕hᡠᙠ஺”.n/6“"ᢈḄᩭÍ-ᢈdÎrᜧᜧ-`ᢈ"zyḄᩭÍ-ᙠÎr☢sÏÐÑឋḄM@Ḅᓻ◅஺᝞¿zÒᑮh-Ó¡¢£-ᐭ▭{|izᨵᦔᙢJK஺᝞¿zᨵᢈª«Ḅᑭ®b¬¯ᢗ8-HI°Õ³´µ᜜JK"$஺''×iÍØᑜḄ»h¯H·ᢈ஺

30A.ᢗ8஺D.>ᦈ஺°ᑜḄ34☢஺B.஺ÙÚ2஺2.AY\]^_஺.M/“ḄTᑁÛ/ÜᵫW⌕XYZ[ஹY\]^_஺Îr⌕XᵨᦈᐭÞ>ᦈßàᩭᑴC¹áâãäὶæ~ᙠᐵ>¡ç-è黼HI஺”B.Îr◤⌕ᑴC¹áâã஺C.»¼HI஺D.¡ᐵ>ᜋ஺i°Îr⌕XḄzᑖᑁí-zî᦮஺3.Aðᢝ஺.nஹò/ó2ὅḄôh-ðᢝḄᳮᵫbh஺B.öូ஺C.zøᡂ஺D.ùbúû஺4.Düý஺ᨬ´•/.MÇ6“ᐸᓻ◅zᙠµᑜÿ
ᙠḄᳮᵨᫀᩭᫀᑜ⌕ℳ!"#$%&'ᑜ()*+ᙢ஺”/01ὅḄ᝱4506ᡠ89:ᜐ஺A.<=Ḅ>?஺B.<=?ᑜḄ@AB஺C.CḄ஺5.DD஺A.E஺D50EḄFGHC0IJKLᡠMNN0ᨵᐵQᑁ᜜ᜧUE஺B.VW஺C.XY஺MBAZ[▅]^_`abᓝdePassageEighteenStrictlyBansmoking
Ifyousmokeandyoustilldon'tbelievethatthere?sadefinitelinkbetweensmokingandbronchialtroubles,heartdiseaseandlungcancer,thenyouarecertainlydeceivingyourselfNoonewillaccuseyouofhypocrisy.Letusjustsaythatyouaresufferingfromabadcaseofwishfulthinking.Thisneedn'tmakeyoutoouncomfortablebecauseyouareingoodcompany.Wheneverthesubjectofsmokingandhealthisraised,thegovernmentsofmostcountrieshearnoevil,seenoevilandsmellnoevil.Admittedly,afewgovernmentshavetakentimidmeasures.InBritainfbrinstance,cigaretteadvertisinghasbeenbannedontelevision.Theconscienceofthenationisappeased,whilethepopulationcontinuestopuffitswaytosmoky,cancerousdeath.Youdon'thavetolookveryfartofindoutwhytheofficialreactionstomedicalfindingshavebeensolukewarm.Theanswerissimplymoney.Tobaccoisawonderfulcommoditytotax.Ifsalmostlikeataxonourdailybread.Intaxrevenuealone,thegovernmentofBritaincollectsenoughfromsmokerstopayfbritsentireeducationalfacilities.Sowhiletheauthoritiespointouteversodiscreetlythatsmokingmay,conceivable,beharmful,itdoesn'tdotoshouttooloudlyaboutit.Thisissurelythemostshort-sightedpolicyyoucouldimagine.Whilemoneyiseagerlycollectedinvastsumswithonehand,itispaidoutinincreasinglyvastersumswiththeother.Enormousamountsarespentoncancerresearchandoneffortstocurepeoplesufferingfromthedisease.Countlessvaluablelivesarelost.Inthelongrun,thereisnodoubtthateverybodywouldbemuchbetter-offifsmokingwerebannedaltogether.Ofcourse,wearenotreadyfbrsuchadrasticaction.Butifthegovernmentsoftheworldwerehonestlyconcernedaboutthewelfareoftheirpeoples,you'dthinkthey'dconductaggressiveanti-smokingcampaigns.Farfromit!Thetobaccoindustryisallowedtospendstaggeringsumsonadvertising.Itsadvertisingisasinsidiousasitisdishonest.Wearenevershownpicturesofrealsmokerscoughinguptheirlungsearlyinthemorning.Thatwouldneverdo.Theadvertisementalwaysdepictvirile,clean-shavenyoungmen.Theysuggestitismanlytosmoke,evenpositivelyhealthy!Smokingisassociatedwiththegreatopen-airlife,withbeautifulgirls,trueloveandtogetherness.Whatutternonsense!Forastart,governmentscouldbeginbybanningallcigaretteandtobaccoadvertisingandshouldthenconductanti-smokingadvertisingcampaignsoftheirown.Smokingshouldbebannedinallpublicplacesliketheatres,cinemasandrestaurants.Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallyofthedireconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.Ahorrificwarning-say,apictureofadeath'shead-shouldbeincludedineverypacketofcigarettesthatissold.Asindividuals,wearecertainlyweak,butifgovernmentsactedhonestlyandcourageously,theycouldprotectusfromourselves.1.Whydoafewgovemmentstaketimidmeasurestowardsmoking?[A]becausetheyareafraidofpeople.[B]Becausediseasescostalot.[C]Becausetheyareafraidofthecuttingdownoftheirrevenue.[D]Becausetheyarcafraidofmanufacturers.

312.Thetoneofthispassageis[A]critical.[B]ironical.[C]distaste.[D]amusing.3.Whatdoesthesentence''becauseyouareingoodcompany^^mean?[A]youarebackedbythegovernment.[B]Youarenotalone.[C]Youhavegoodcolleagues.[D]Governmentsareblindtoevilsofsmokingtoo.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?[A]WorldGovernmentsshouldconductseriouscampaignsagainstsmoking.[B]Worldgovernmentstaketimidmeasuresagainstsmoking.[C]smokingisthemostimportantsourceofincometomanycountries.[D]tobaccoindustryspendsalargesumofmoneyonmedicalresearch.Vocabulary1.awishfulthinking᪷ghiḄBjUkḄB2.pufflpuffitswayto■nopᔢrsᔣbᢣvwvᑮye3.lukewarmz{/}ᯠ4.insidious▢◅ḄḄ5.virileḄᑏ1Bᦻᜧ/0F“⌕Ἥw'’Ḅᦻᵨ?B஺ᐜᢣ¡?ἭwḄ᝱4FF¢£¤஺ᯠ¥¦¢£Ḅ)FFᜧ§¨ᦈ஺ªvwᜧ«&¥¬ᘤᡠ®¯Ḅ°¦±²ᜫ஺w₝µ¶XY·¸¹ᓄ»஺¼¡(¼Ἥ½wXY1¾஺¿ᫀÀÁ1.CÂ6Ã᝿ᦈᐭÆÇ஺¿ᫀÈÉÊË஺“ÌᵨA±ÍÎÏÐÑÒÂÓÔÕ?Ö×ᡂḄ>(᝞Úz{¿ᫀÏ0°஺w₝0Û¨Ḅᨬ᜻ᝯḄᖪàáâÏãäᵨ☢ᒹḄ¨ᦈ஺ᐝw₝¨ᦈF⚗ZQϼvw»éêÛᑮëìí᦮ïᦟñòóḄôᵨ஺ᡠᙠõö÷Ôøùᙢᢣ¡ᔾwᨵÃûüýþÿ
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32JᶭẆMNOPᜧRSᵨ஺MBAUV▅XYZ[\ᓝ^PassageNineteen(TV'sHarmfulness)Yes,butwhatdidweusetodobeforetherewastelevision?Howoftenwehearstatementslikethis!Televisionhasn'tbeenwithusallthatlong,butwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwaslikewithoutit.Beforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomes,weneverfonditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilizedpleasures.Forinstance,weusedtohavehobbies,weusedtoentertainourfriendsandbeentertainedbythem,weusedtogooutsideforouramusementstotheatres,cinemas,restaurantsandsportingevents.Weevenusedtoreadbooksandlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allthatbelongstothepast.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythegogglebox.Werushhomeorgulpdownourmealstobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengivenupsittingattableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmeal,exchangingthenewsoftheday.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldo-anything,providingitdoesn'tinterferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsandobtainsabsolutesilenceandattention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouthduringaprogramme,heisquicklysilenced.Wholegenerationsaregrowingupaddictedtothetelly.Foodisleftuneaten,homeworkundoneandsleepislost.Thetellyisauniversalpacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformothertokeepthechildrenquietbyputtingthemintheliving-roomandturningontheset.Itdoesn'tmatterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsorspectaclesofsadismandviolence-solongastheyarequiet.Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld.Everyday,televisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativework.Thatiswhymostoftheprogrammesaresobad:itisimpossibletokeeppacewiththedemandandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthesameprogrammes,thewholeworldbecomesavillage,andsocietyisreducedtotheconditionswhichobtaininpreliteratecommunities.Webecomeutterlydependentonthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:picturesandthespokenword.Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontentwithsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairswatchingothersworking.Littlebylittle,televisioncutsusofffromtherealworld.Wegetsolazy,wechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darkness,gluedtooursets,ratherthangooutintotheworlditself.Televisionmaybessplendidmediumofcommunication,butitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother.Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistoreallivingwhenwespendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountains,farawayfromcivilization.Inquiet,naturalsurroundings,wequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotictyrannyofKingTelly.1.WhatisthebiggestharmofTV?[A]Itdeprivespeopleofcommunicationwiththerealworld.[B]Peoplebecomelazy.[C]Peoplebecomedependentonsecond-handexperience.[D]TVconsumesalargepartofone'slife.2.InwhatwaycanpeopleforgetTV?[A]Farawayfromcivilization.[B]Toamountain.[C]Bythesea.[D]Inquietnaturalsurroundings.3.Whatdoesamotherusuallydotokeepherchildrenquiet?[A]Letthemwatchtheset.[B]Puttheminthelivingroom.[C]Letthemwatchtherubbish.[D]Letthemalone.4.Whatdoesthefirstsentenceinthefirstparagraphmean?[A]Wefounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.

33[B]WebecomeaddictedtoTV.[C]Whatweusedtodoisdifferentfromnow.[D]Weusedtoenjoycivilizedpleasures.Vocabulary1.goggle_!`a,c`goggleboxdUefᵯhi2.gulpjklm3.tellyᵯhi4.pacifiernoὅ
q᠚ὅ஺ᫀ@A1.ABᒑD,-./0ḄὶF஺ᦻHIJKᑮLᙠᡃNOPQRST12URVWXᵯYZᐭ-\/0஺B.]^஺C.]_`abcde஺D.ᵯfg#Ḅᜧhi஺jk⚗m\ᓻopᐹrRsᡂtᑖ஺2.DᙠvwḄᜧ9ᯠḄᝰyz஺>ᫀᙠᨬ5R{ᨬ5R|“ᙠv@w☟Ḅᜧ9ᯠ᛻zᡃLᡃḨḄᵯ”A.Wᦻ஺B.;஺C.ᙠ஺3.Aᵯ஺jᙠb{k|“ᵯ\Rv☟ᘤ஺Ov☟Yᙠ¡ᑁᡭXᵯ஺j\Lᙠᨬᩗ¥ḄR¦஺§¨Ḅᚗª«Ḅᖪ®¯°\±²⇊ᡈµᱏ·ᐵ¹⌕m⌕v☟»஺”B.ᤁᙠ¡஺C.½ᚗªᱏ஺\ᐸzḄᐹrRtᑖ஺D.½ᕆḼ஺ÁᨵKᑮ஺4.Bᡃᡂᵯ஺R|“\ḄÃ\ÁᨵᵯÄÅᡃÆÇÈÉÊ”jÌÍdÎϨᵯ!ᩭᵯᑮÁᨵᵯÐḄ᛻ᙢ஺Ò⍝ÁᨵᵯÅḄÔÕ஺b{“᦮Ö×ᩭ×ᵯØᔛSÚÇṑÜ஺”Ã!Ì᦮ÝᦻHÞᑏᵯà`a஺R|á\âã஺ᡠ!B஺A.å!⍧஺m\ḄRçèé஺Cê;,Lᙠë஺\RçìíÁᨵîïj|áḄ-ðᑁñ஺D.òéᦻó(஺\ê;ᡠḄRᐹrô஺MBAõö▅øùúûübᓝPassageTwenty(TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControl)TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehave

34alreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackfbrlong.AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:"Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.^^Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto[A]providemorejobsforforeignworkers.[B]slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment.[C]selltheoilitisproducingabroad.[D]developmorequicklythanatpresent.2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto[A]encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources.[B]preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway.[C]helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems.[D]keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize.3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto[A]thedevelopmentofindustry.[B]agrowthinpopulation.[C]thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme.[D]thedevelopmentofnewtowns.4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe[A]alargereductiononunemployment.[B]agrowthinthetouristindustry.[C]areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries.[D]thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries.5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause[A]theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal.[B]theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal.[C]theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety.[D]theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Vocabulary1.Norwegianþ¥Ḅÿ
2.coastline3.recognition4.countryside1.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethana

35limitednumberofforeignworkers.ூ᪀᪆௃ᵨᑖ!஺ூ#ὃᦻ௃•ᩩ(Ḅ*+▲ᑴ./ᙠ11Ḅᓭ34ᓭᙢ6789:ὃ;<=>?@AB▲CDEᯠGHIJ?@KLMN᜜PQRSTU▲=V஺2.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.ூ#ὃᦻ௃ᵫXYZ[ᑖ\][^_᳛abcdeUfghijkl8_mno8_ḄᜧqᑖQrsᑮ?@Q_u☢w஺3.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.ூ᪀᪆௃xᔠ஺ᙠbecausez{|jthat}={|~⛲qualities஺ூ#ὃᦻ௃EᯠmRᓰḄᜧᦪa}.c}Ḅ⌕ᡂRᑖa
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