2023年免疫学重点含笔记

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(kWᵫᐸmg3?ᵨEᐸm)஺eWn_h1oip1qᐸmoij:?ᵨḄ
஺2.s᡾`(IFN)Ceᨬw=xḄ
3
ᐸᐹᨵs᡾{|}~pᑴḄ஺3.᷈
(TNF)C᷈=⊈Ḅ
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஺5.ᓄ
(chemokine):eᢣ⌕ᵫ1¢ᑖ.Ḅ£¤¥ஹᓫ᪶ஹ¨©¢ªᐭ}~¬Ḅ012஺6.
(GF):eᢣᐹᨵḄ?ᵨḄ
஺ᐸ°±²\p³´µ⁚Ḅᐵ¸¹ᜧ3
\°Ḅ¹+
⌕?ᵨeºª3q³´µ⁚Ḅᐵ¸»/஺—.IL-2Ḅ⌕CIஹIL-2⌕ᵫᓄḄTg3nDᑖ.qHᑖ.AB?ᵨE¾¬Ḅ☰K2ஹeÀq³´;ÁḄ⌕Ḅ
K3ஹºªTஹBᑖ.஺TஹBḄᑖᓄ3ÃNKᩔÆឋIL-4⌕C⌕ᩭÈETஹÉᜧÊËឋ¥ºªBḄᑖᓄ

12ÌhIgEpIgGlḄg.TஹBḄ,⌼⊈ἔᑖᓄIL-10CÎᑴTHg
Ï.IFNḄ⌕ᱥ஺Ð-IÑs᡾`CIÑs᡾`ÒIFN-a,IFN-BCÏ.HÑs᡾`Cs᡾`ÞIFNy
1.1gIFN-apÓÔIFN-PK1.ᓄḄTpNKgK2.³´µ⁚K2.ÕÖ×⌕gIFN-B;3.ßàᓫ᪶áâஹ᪛äåḄᢙæßᕈ;3.{|}~eᔠᡂIÑs᡾`4.ÃTcpNKḄᨬÃᨵḄᜩᯠÌᑺKᩔÆឋK4.ᐹᨵᢙ᷈ஹᢙ{|K5.ÎᑴTH2ᡂ3èµ*é³´;ÁK5.Àq³´µ⁚Ḅ?ᵨ஺6..ᓄ?ᵨ;7.ᢙ{|pᢙ᷈?ᵨ஺Û.
ḄᱥឋÐ៉ÐÜᢙÝ?ᵨCIL-lஹIL-6ஹIL-8ஹIL-12ஹTNF-aKÐÏᢙ{|?ᵨCIFNKÐÛµ⁚ᱯêឋḄ³´ë᧜CIL-2ஹIL-4ஹIL-6ஹIL-12ஹIL-13>IL-15;Ðí⌼⊈:CSFஹEPOஹTPOKвºª⊈îḄᡂ:IL-8஺
ḄᐳᱯឋÐ៉1.ïᑖÔ01ᡈñ01Cnᓫ*Bòᙠ஺IL-5ஹIL-10ஹIL-12ஹM-CSFஹTGF-8¢Óᦪ
nÏõ*Bòᙠ,TNFᑣᕈÛõ*BòᙠK2.÷øq<*6ᔠù=ᢵ?ᵨ;3.ᓄ5ú°gK4.Ü
Wᵫûg3ÜWng+,
K5.
üý஺þÿ
ᑖᓄᢙ▬ᑖ1ஹCDḄᭆ஺2ஹTஹBஹ▬ஹᓄᨵᐵḄCDᑖCD3ஹCD2,CD4ஹCD8ஹCD28ஹB7ஹCTLA-4,CD40ஹCD40L,Iga/Ig0)

13៉:1ஹ▬ᑖḄᭆ!"஺ᑖᓄ#(CD)$%&'()ᵨᓫ,◖ᢙ.ᡠ␺1Ḅ&2ᑖᓄᢙ3ᐸ5ṹ78ᐸᑖ⊤:Ḅ;<ᙳ␺1>?ὅABCDCD஺CDᑖᓽFGᑖḄHI5J஺▬ᑖFKLMNOᡈ᜜ROSTUVWᔠᑖḄBC஺(▬ᑖZ[.-].WᔠḄ^_`ᢵbᵨ3cḄஹᓄdJeNஹfgᑖᓄஹhijk஺)Tஹ▬ᓄmnᨵᐵḄCDᑖ(1)CD31.CD3ᑖᵫr|C5g5;Lpqrᡂ;2.TCR^ᡂTCR-CD3vᔠᱥx3.ᡂTᱯឋឋḄ⊤☢᪗}x4.CD3ᑖ~1TCRW᪀,NᓄdJᑁ஺(2)CD4CD8:1.FTCRᢙḄᐳ[.3ᑖWᔠMHC-IMHC-1Iᑖx2.cdJeNx3.␺1T#Ḅ⊤☢᪗}x4.CD4ᑖFHIVḄ[.,HIVᨵᐵ஺(3)CD2/CD58:C!"Tᐵᢙ2(LFA-2),CD2Ḅ].⌕FCD58(LFA-3)x2.CD2CD58Wᔠ3TᢙḄ!",⌕mfTAPCᡈ☰OḄ▬3Z8CD2ᑖMNḄdJeN஺(4)CD281.CD28Ḅ].FB7-1B7-2஺B7⌕ᑖBAPC⊤☢x2.DTḄᓄ⌕Ḅ&dJ஺(6)CTLA-4CCD1521."B7Wᔠ3TḄᓄᨵ¡¢⁚bᵨ3¤¥¦§¨ឮvᑮTḄ«⊝᝱஺(7)CD40LᓽCD154/ஹB⊤☢ḄCD40Wᔠ¯°ᓄBḄdJ஺Bஹ▬ஹᓄᨵᐵḄCDᑖ(1)CD79a/CD79P:CIga/IgB1.FBᱯឋឋ᪗±x2.BCRrᡂIga/IgP-BCRvᔠᱥ3MNBCR⌶³ḄdJeN஺ফCDI9:1.CD19FCD19/CD21/CD81dJvᔠᱥµḄ2¶ᡂᑖ3~L;⏘Wᔠ3B஺(3)CD21:CCR2EB¸¹[.1.CD21iC3b8C3dWᔠ3fBᢙḄ§¨ºN¥¦±»x2.cBf°ஹᑖᓄ஺(4)CD80/CD86:ᓽB7-1/B7-2

141.CD80/86CD28WᔠDTḄᓄ⌕Ḅ&dJ(co-stimu1atingsignal)»(5)CD40:I.CD40L-CD40WᔠºNB¼½¥¦§¨°`µ¾Ḅ^ᡂ஺(¿)¥¦ᳫÁ
FcÂ[.(1)CD64FeyRI1.FÃÄÅIgGFc[.x2.MNADCCஹICÆ◀ஹ¢ᳮÉÊÉÊᑖËIL-1ஹIL-6TNF-aÌMR஺(2)CD32FcyRII1.FÍÄÅIgGFc[.x2.MNµឋÎᓫ᪶ÐÊḄÉÊbᵨÑᓄឋᰦ`஺¿ஹ▬ᑖḄ!"P71⚓1ஹF¥¦ḄÔÕ[.&ᓄdJx2ஹÖ×mnµMN
⊈ÙᑁÚ▬x3ஹMNAÛ஺Üஹ▬ᑖMNµឋÎ⊈ÙᑁÚWᔠḄÝᑴ஺ßà⌕ráTâឋvᔠ.8ᐸ5ṹᑖ1ஹMHCḄᭆ஺2ஹHLAvᔠ.Ḅ1ã8W᪀஺3ஹHLAᢙᑖW᪀ஹráᑖ8ᐸ!"ᱯä஺4ஹMHCḄ°ᱥå!"஺៉1ஹHLAḄ⍡ᱯឋ஺⌕ráTâឋvᔠ.(MHC):çèkᱥé2⁐.ëḄ2rìíî┝Ḅ7#3ᐸ¯ᱥ%ðñ1òÝ.ḄráTâឋ3cò᜜óឋᑁóឋᢙḄôñ3õöᕈ3ᙠ¥¦§¨¥¦¢⁚µ`ᢵ⌕bᵨ஺ூú

15"#$ᐺHLAl
HLA-I%HLA-I%ᑖ&I.ᙠ()Ḽ+,Ḅ#-./BஹCஹA1231.ᵫ56"a6$7B2m8ᡂ32.:ṹHLA-1%ᑖ&<=>?Ḅ5632.a1a2᪀@᪀ᡂᢙBCᔠE;3.HLA-Iᑖ&Ḅ᪀7ᑖF஺3.ᑖFGᡠᨵᨵ᪶KL⊤☢஺MHCN%ᑖ&ᕈ⌴ᢙB1.ᕈ⌴ᢙB%QᑁSឋᢙB"ᩭVKLᑁ$32.WXY2ᕊ[\Ὶᑁ33.^_KL:CD8+TKL஺(2)HLA-I1%:HLA-II%ᑖ&:1.ᙠaᔠ?b2GcḼ+,#-,1.ᵫa67B68ᡂ;ᵫDPஹDQஹDRe8ᡂ;2.feg/hᡈhjḄ2.a1B1ᐳlmᡂᢙBCᔠE;B67#a6;3.:ṹHLA-II%ᑖ&;3.n⊤Gop᪵8rbḄᔜtKL⊤☢.᝞APCKLஹvwjxK4.HLA-II%ᑖ&ḄᑖF7᪀஺L7yḄzᓄTKL஺MHCII%ᑖ&ᕈ⌴ᢙB:1.ᕈ⌴ᢙB%Q:᜜SឋᢙB"ᩭVKL᜜$;2.WXY2ᑁ?ஹ}⏘?;3.^_KLCD4+TKL.=ஹMHCḄXᱥ"-$ᢙBᕈᑖ&〉ឋ1.MHCᑖ&ᢙBஹ7ᕈḄᐵᑖ&32.MHC▲ᑴឋ:TCRᙠ^_ᢙBḄ᎛^_MHCᑖ&33.ᐳ?ḄCD4ஹCD8ᑖ&⌕ᑖGH%ᑖ&a2B27I%ᑖ&Ḅa3ᔠ."=$Ḅ⍡ᑴl.Ws32.MHCᑖ&?᧕¡ឋḄ¢<஺"$TKLᙠvwbḄ⌱¤ஹᑖᓄb¥ឋV¦ὊḄ¨©"ª$«⁚ᑖ&ᨵ"®¯ᐵ°±7ᑴ®¯²᧜
1.ᐺḄ´%:ṹ⊡?ᡂᑖ;

162.¶ᐺI%7MIC
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ᱥ஺ঝÂឋᢣl#?bHLAaᔠ?12ᦪÐ7᪀Â᪵ឋ஺(2)Ñ┝¸Ó⊝7ᓫᐗQ:জᓫᐗQ(haplotype):l#ᩩÉ⁐?jHLAØ2Ḅ8ᔠ஺ঝÑ┝¸Ó⊝(linkagedisequilibrium)hᡈhj12ḄØ2.ÙÚᙠ#ᩩÉ⁐?jḄÛ᳛ÝGᡈÞGÆÇÙÚḄ⚣᳛஺(3)HLAÂ᝱ឋḄ
XÇᑴ:জHLAaᔠ?àáâãஹ58ஹäᣚØÇᑴæçᐸ᪀WXã<஺ঝã<⍡:MHCᑖ&᪀7ᢙBᕈº¢<æç?ᢙBᐭéḄ²᧜ឋ7᧕¡ឋ¸l஺ঞVᯠ⌱¤⌱¤ìºíîïᨵḄ8ᡂKLðñ1ஹᨵKLḄt%஺2ஹNKKL⊤☢᪗ó஺3ஹNKKLᩔõÇᳮ஺¿៉:1ஹ÷øKLḄᵨ஺2ஹNKKL⊤☢ᐸᩔõzᓄ7¼ᑴᨵᐵḄ?஺3ஹ᪛âûKL⊤☢⊤ó஺üýþ¶ᱯ<ឋᡈᜩᯠ
ᱥᙠᓄ⌲ᡂḄᑡ■ᑴ஺(ᱯ!ឋᢙ$%
&'()ᑁ⊦ὁ-.ᡈᶚ123Ḅ4◀;ᙠ〉8ឋ
89:ᢵ<⌕>ᵨ஺)<⌕AB:DE23(ᓫ᪶DE23ஹឋI23)ஹDCஹNK23ஹNKT23ஹY6T23ஹB123ஹJᜧ23L஺᪛NO23(DC)ḄPQ:1.STᢙUVᕈ23᤬YஹZ[\VᕈᢙU]^ᱯ!ឋ
89஺2.
_⁚aᑖcde23fga(1)IL-12ahT23ᑖᓄij23
஺(2)1kIFNaᢙ$%஺(3)IL-I0ஹTGF-BalmB23nIgA&ᑖcIL-1B,hTBB23oᓄ஺pᯠᩔ.23(NK)arTCR-ஹmlg-ஹCD16+ஹCD56+st᪵23vwxNK23஺NK23ḄᱥyPQa1.ᢙ$%\ᢙz᷈>ᵨa(1)|}ᩔ.&(2)ADCCo2.
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17ஹDE23ḄᱥyPQaூE23ᑁ᡻ᨵ
Ḅᦔ823eᙠ〉8ឋ
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TCRḄ¯᪀ᱯឋa1.ÇÈaஹBஹYஹ6
ᡂÉÊaBஹY6
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CD3Ḅ¯᪀\PQூCD3ᑖgPQ:ämTCRvᢙUånḄoᓄâã௃1.ÇÈæYஹ6ஹe&Uஹn௃aÊூçeஹ6eᐳÁ;UUஹUnè௃&

182.çஹ6ஹeḄ3᜜ÌᔜÎIg᪵ᢚê¯᪀ÌஹU

19Ḅ3᜜Ìàá&3.ÏÐÌᐹᨵÒëᵯ₹ḄÖ×⏚Ù×ᜩí&4.3ᑁÌîᙳᐹᨵITAM
ºïÖ⏚oᓄ×ð&ITAM
ºïÖ⏚oᓄ×ða18Ö×⏚Ù×ஹᐸÎ2YxxL/Vðᑡ஺CD4ᑖg\CD8ᑖgḄPQa1ஹñT23vᢙUᐹᨵpòMHCIஹII´ᑖgḄ▲ᑴឋ&2ஹijT23\APC/☰23ôõḄö÷>ᵨøùT23vᢙUT23øùº&3ஹ'(TCRoᓄâãḄäm஺úeûüᑖgºூPQa(APC/☰23⊤☢Ḅúeûüᑖg>ᵨnúeûüâãªâã᡽ᜧ
ᦔ8௃1ஹCD28\CTLA-4CD152
ÉὅᙳxAPCḄB7ÿᑖḄCD281.B7ᑖᔠTIL-2TḄᡂ஺CTLA-4CD152
:1.B7ᑖḄᔠCD28,!"ᔠB7஺2.#ᑴT%ᓄ'(T)*%+3.,⁚〉*(/01஺ICOS1.B7—H2
ᔠ,⁚23ஹ5,6▬ᑖ⊤9ஹT஺CD40LCD154
:1.:CD40ᔠ;APC%ᓄஹB72ᔠᡂfT%ᓄ஺CD2<=>?@ᐵᢙC;2LFA-2
,SRBCR
1.DELFA-3CD58
ஹCD59,CD48;2.FGT:APC/☰IḄ6▬ஹTJK%⌶MTCR-CD3N᜜⌶M,Eᦔ0TQR%ᓄST஺UVWCᔠᑖ:VWC%ᓄYᱯ[ឋ஺1.VW^ᩭ`ᱥbcᡈe3ᱥ஺fgGTḄ%ᓄஹᑖᓄ+hᐸj⊤☢ᑖ:IL-1R,IL-2R,IL-4R,IL-6R,IL-7R,FasLlT<=mnop1.%ᓄ▤rstuvT+ᦔ0Tw;yឋT2.TCRz{st:TCRaB+T;TCRY6+T3.CD4/CD8CD4+TMI®;CD8+T4.(/ᦔ0>?ூst:}~ឋTTh
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IFN-y%ᓄ+IgGᡂ%⊡,ᳮᵨ஺2
IL-2,IFN-YNKᩔ?஺3
CTLᑖᓄ஺:{ឋ᧜TDTHঝTh2BḄஹᑖᓄᢙᡂ,¢(/01+:I{᧜ᢙ£¤஺P107⊤ঞTh3¦)TGF-B#ᑴ(/01஺টTr1:¦)IL-10#ᑴ(/01஺¨ᩔឋTCTL
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Ḅ>?©⌕>?:#ᑴThஹCTLḄ%ᓄ´µḄᵨᑴ1ஹ☰¶··¸;2ஹ¹,☰IL-2R⊤9#ᑴ+3ஹ#ᑴAPCḄᢙCQᕈ>?»H";½〉0ឋ(/01:B<=opIஹB©⌕⊤☢ᑖtᐸᱥ¾ᵨ஺2ஹBḄ>?஺¿៉1ஹBmzBlஹB2tᐸ[஺;.B<=Ḅ⊤☢ᑖtᐸᵨ;Á⊤☢ᑖூÂᡂ¿Bcell⊤9mlgM,ᡂ¿Bce11©⌕⊤9mIgMmIgD,ÃÂ⊤9mlg௃l.BCRÄᔠᱥ:mlgÅÆᔠᢙC+21ga/BÈ⌴ᢙCST-BCRÄᔠᱥজmlg᪀ᱯឋ>?ÅÆᢙCYMHC▲ᑴឋ஺᪀ᱯឋ1.᜜Ì᪀fÍឋᢙ᪵+2.ᑁÌÐÑÂᐹSTÈG>?஺ঝIga/IgB᪀ᱯឋ>?1.ÓG%BḄ»;ST+2.Ô~mlgḄᔠᡂ:ÓÕ஺᪀ᱯឋ1.᜜Ìᔜ×;ØIgᢚÚ᪵ÌÛ+2..ÜÝIN¨Þß@à஺3.•ᑁÌâ,ᐹᨵᐹSTÈG>?Ḅ(/äå⏚%ᓄçèITAM᪀+¨}~(1)CD19/CD21/CD81/CD225ᐸCD21(CR2)éC3dḄ´éEBêḄ;

211.BëᢙCḄឋ஺2
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JK*⁚ஹMN᧜,⌼⊈EQ)2.☟SB
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,
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stemce1Is
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