【冲刺全真模拟练】高考英语(原卷解析版)

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ᐰᑖ120ᑖὃ120ᑖ⚗ὃᙠ⚪▅⚗ᔜ⚪⚪⌕#஺1.ᔁᐳX⚓ᒹ*⌱,⚪-1⚪~-70⚪ᐳ70⚪ஹ0⌱,⚪-71⚪~-81⚪ᐳ11⚪12ᑖ஺ᔁᑖ3120ᑖὃ3120ᑖ஺ὃ4567ᔁ8⚪ᓱ:;<=஺2.⚪?@7ABḄDEஹFὃGHᵨ0.5JKL⁐NOḄPQRSᑏᙠᔁ⚪ᓱḄUVWXY஺3.᪶[\ὃᕒᙠ⚪ᓱYᡠ_`ḄᩩbṹYḄDEஹFὃGHdefᔲhi஺4.j⌱,⚪@kᵨ2BlR7⚪ᓱY[m⌱⚗Ḅn᪾pஹpLq᝞◤ᦋuᵨvwxyz6{⌱pᐸ}ᫀ஺j0⌱,⚪@kᵨ0.5JKL⁐NOḄPQRᙠ⚪ᓱYḄᢣVWXjᙠᐸ}WXj:ᦔ஺-:2ᑖᐳ1⁚ᑖ20ᑖ⚪ᐜ7ᫀ᪗ᙠᔁY஺ᑁ4567ᨵ1ᑖḄ7ᔁYḄᫀpᑮ⚪ᓱY஺-:⁚ᐳ5⚪q⚪1ᑖᑖ5ᑖ☢5[஺[6ᨵ:⚪⚪ᡠḄAஹBஹC⌱⚗⌱ᨬ⌱⚗;᪗ᙠᔁḄhmWX஺[6ᨵ10¡Ḅᩭ=ᨵᐵ⚪8▅:⚪஺[¤:¥஺1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoeat?A.Porkpies.B.Beefpies.C.Eggcakes.2.Whenwillthemallclose?A.Inhalfanhour.B.Inanhour.C.Inonehourandahalf.3.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthefamilyparty?A.Excited.B.Hesitant.C.Scared.4.Whatisthewomanlookingat?A.Apainting.B.Aphoto.C.Amirror.5.Whatcropdoesthewoman'suncleplant?

1A.Beans.B.Cotton.C.Corn.-¦⁚ᐳ15⚪q⚪1ᑖᑖ15ᑖ☢5[ᡈ¨©஺[ᡈ¨©6ᨵª⚪⚪ᡠḄAஹBஹC⌱⚗⌱ᨬ⌱⚗஺[ᡈ¨©7ᨵ▅ᔜ⚪⚪5¡q6ᔜ⚪75¡Ḅj஺[ᡈ¨©1¥஺-6ᩞᧇ=-6ஹ7⚪஺6.Wheredoestheconversationlikelytakeplace?A.Atamovietheater.B.Atthespeakers7home.C.Atanelectronicsstore.7.Howdoesthemanplantomakehisviewingexperiencebetter?A.He,llbuyabiggerTV.B.He'Hputascreenuponthewall.C.He'llconnectasetofspeakers.-7ᩞᧇ=-8ஹ9⚪஺8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Abasketballgame.B.Anaturepicture.C.Ahuntingincident.9.Whyisthemansurprised?A.Thezebrajumpedoverthephotographer.B.Thelioncaughtthezebra.C.Thephotographerwasn'thurt.-8ᩞᧇ=-1012⚪஺10.Whatbusinessmovedidthespeakersmake?A.Theyopenedanonlinestore.B.Theyclosedtheirphysicalstore.C.Theystartedanadvertisingfirm.11.Whatdoesthemanprobablyhopewillhappen?A.Youngerpeoplewillappreciatetheirproducts.B.Hewillgetsomeyoungpeopletoworkforhim.C.Peopleofhisagewillpromotehisbusinessviasocialmedia.12.Whoarethespeakers5targetcustomers?

2A.Peopleaged15—30.B.Peopleaged45—60.C.Peopleover60.-9ᩞᧇ=-1316⚪஺13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Bossandworker.C.Coworkers.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewfish?A.Theyaresmall.B.Theyhavehugeteeth.C.Theyareinactive.15.WhatwaslikelyinMaude'spicture?A.Abluefish.B.Theresearchteam.C.Theocean.16.Whathappenstothefishwhenthey'retakenoutoftheirenvironment?A.Theycanstilllivewell.B.Theyfallapartquickly.C.Theystopbeingtransparent.-10ᩞᧇ=-1720⚪஺17.Howlongwastheteamworkingontheproject?A.For4years.B.For8years.C.For10years.18.Whoistheteamleader?A.O'Reilly.B.Tabriz.C.Moradi.19.Whichcardidtheteamrecreate?A.AnIranianone.B.AnItalianone.C.ABritishone.20.Whatwastheengineers9primarygoal?A.Todevelopacarsuperiortotheinitialmodel.B.Toputsupersportscarsintomassproduction.C.Tolearnhowtomakeasportscarbythemselves.-¦2ᑖ®¯°±²ᵨᐳ1⁚ᑖ35ᑖ-:⁚ᓫ⚗S´ᐳ15⚪q⚪1ᑖᑖ15ᑖ▅☢ᔜ⚪⚪ᡠḄAஹBஹCஹDµ⌱⚗⌱ᨬ⌱⚗;ᙠ⚪ᓱY7¶⚗pL஺21.It'swidelyacknowledgedthatreadingprintedtextsisnoforpersonaldiscussionwithagreatthinker.A.substituteB.subjectC.submissionD.substance22.Thecorporationurgentlyrecalledtheirproductsfromthemarketgrowingcomplaintsabouttheengines.A.inthelightofB.intermsofC.intheeventofD.inadvanceof23.Menareanxioustoimprovetheircircumstances,butareunwillingtoimprovethemselves;theyremain

3bound.A.thereforeB.somehowC.otherwiseD.nevertheless24.It'sreallyhardtotheexactmeaningofsomewordswhenyoutranslatethemintoaforeignlanguage.A.gothroughB.bringoutC.makeupD.turnout25.:Whatdoyoumeanwhensayingeveryminutecounts?—Amanwhodarestowasteonehouroftimethevalueoflife.A.hadn'tdiscoveredB.hasn'tdiscoveredC.didn'tdiscoverD.isn'tdiscovering26.:HowdoyouliketheideaofWebTV?—IfsaworldofinteractiveTVprogramming,anythingwonderfulcanhappen.A.onewhichB.onewhereC.theonewhichD.theonewhere27.tobuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindisChina,whichhasprovidedgeneroussupportandassistance.A.DedicatingB.DedicatedC.BeingdedicatedD.Havingdedicated28.Itisaphenomenonknownas“thefirstnighteffect"peopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundings.A.whereB.whichC.whyD.that29.TheentirecountrywasovercomewithgrieffortheeighteenfirefightersandoneguidewhowerekilledinLiangshanmountainfire.A.accumulatedB.distributedC.spoiledD.overcome30.:Howdoyoufindaboutthesepictures?—Neverbeforesuchhigh-qualitypicturesdirectlyfromthechildren'spointofview.A.hadIseenB.haveIseenC.didIseeD.amIseeing31.Theproportionofplanningtomarketforcesisnotthedifferencebetweensocialismandcapitalism.A.officialB.potentialC.essentialD.confidential32.FortuneChinareleasedarankingofbusinessleadersin2020,JackMa,founderofAlibaba,thelistwithoutstandingleadership.A.toppingB.toppedC.totopD.havingtopped33.Raisingtheincomesofthepoorislikelytobeineffectiveinawealthysociety,othermeasuresareaccompanied.A.ifB.whenC.unlessD.once34—Whydoyoucareabouthimsomuch?-Youhimwhenhefirstcameout—itwassosad.A.wouldhaveseenB.shouldhaveseenC.mighthaveseenD.couldhaveseen35.—Dad,Peterisabletoflylikeabatman!:,Tom.Youknowthat'snottrue.A.GoaheadB.GetoutC.CountmyblessingsD.Comeoffitூᫀ௃D-¦⁚bS´ᐳ20ᑖq⚪1ᑖᑖ20ᑖ

4▅☢¹ᦻ¹ᦻ6ᔜ⚪ᡠḄAஹBஹCஹDµ⌱⚗⌱ᨬ⌱⚗;ᙠ⚪ᓱY7¶⚗pL஺MadagascarwasnottheparadiseIexpected.AreporterandIwere___36___theretofindoutwhowashelpingwithdroughtreliefandthepreventionoffamine.Afterathree-hourrideinavan,we___37___inthesmalltownofAmbovombe.Peterimmediately___38__overtothehospitaltospeakwithalocaldoctoronourtopicsofinterest.SinceIdidn'tneedtophotographthebackground___39___withthedoctor,Iwanderedouttotheroad.Iraisedmy___40___togetsomepicturesbeforethesunwentdown.Tve___41___beentoMadagascarbefore,anduntilyou'veactuallyphotographedinaplace,youdon'tknowhowpeoplewill__42___tothecamera.Iphotographedahandsomemanwhowas___43___awallinthegoldenlightofdusk.Noreaction.Itookabreath.Afterawhile,everyonewithina20-yardradiushad___44___me.Somecalledouttoeachother,playfullyteasingthoseI'd___45___.Soonafter,amotherencouragedmetophotographheryoungchildren.I___46___amoment.Theyweredressedin___47___clothes.Oneofthemmaynothaveevenhadanypantson-notbecauseherparentswereneglectful,butbecausetheycouldn't___48___them.Theirmotherreally___49___metophotographthem.ThishappenseverywhereIgo.Parents,___50___oftheirchildren,askmetotakeaphoto.Tdtakenthisphotoofcutesmilingchildrenoverandover.Idon'tusuallysave___51___,butIsavedthisone.Why?Thechildren's___52___.It'ssomethingsopowerfulyetso___53___thatwesometimesmissit.Thismom,despiteallthe___54___obvioustoanoutsider'seyes,foundinherchildrensomethingshewantedaphotographtoremember.That'sbecauseshesawa(n)___55___picture:Shesawthemwithamother'sheart.Asshouldweall.36.A.expectedB.assignedC.allowedD.persuaded37.A.arrivedB.exploredC.searchedD.camped38.A.tookB.thoughtC.headedD.put39.A.discussionB.interviewC.programD.reunion40.A.paperB.handC.headD.camera41.A.justB.seldomC.neverD.already

542.A.respondB.adaptC.returnD.contribute43.A.plottingagainstB.hittingagainstC.runningupagainstD.leaningagainst44.A.caughtB.noticedC.foundD.suspected45.A.helpedwithB.staredatC.referredtoD.focusedon46.A.watchedB.regrettedC.hesitatedD.choked47.A.fantasticB.fragileC.dirtyD.absurd48.A.serveB.affordC.chooseD.bring49.A.wantedB.informedC.remindedD.paid50.A.afraidB.sureC.awareD.proud51.A.imagesB.cardsC.giftsD.words52.A.clothesB.kindnessC.motherD.expectation53.A.emotionalB.changeableC.sensitiveD.common54.A.adventuresB.disadvantagesC.curiosityD.support55.A.disgustingB.naturalC.broadD.different-2ᑖ▅ᳮ¼ᐳ15⚪q⚪2ᑖᑖ30ᑖ▅ᑡ¹ᦻ¹ᦻ6ᔜ⚪ᡠḄAஹBஹCஹDµ⌱⚗⌱ᨬ⌱⚗;ᙠ⚪ᓱY7¶⚗pL஺NewYork'sbestclassesforkidsincludesportsclasses,performingartsclasses,artclasses,languageprogramsandbabyclasses.Makesureyourkidsarereadyfornewadventureswiththesesuper-coolofferings!92ndStreetYClassesAtthisinstitutionyourmusiciancanlearnhowtoplayaninstrument.After-schoolclassesexaminedifferentmusicalpiecesandencourageworkinagroupsetting.Attheendoftheprogram,miniMozartscanimpresstheirfamilyandfriendsatopen-houseperformances.Plus,whenthey'renotjamming,kidscantakeadvantageofhomeworkhelpintheClubhouse,wheretheyaredividedupbygradelevel.Ages5—15.TheCliffsatLICAfteradayoffightingtheacademicobstaclecourseatschool,yourfavoriteachieverscanreachnewheightsonarock-climbingwall.TheCliffs,offeringsallowdevelopingbodiestobuildmusclestrength.Forexample,introductorysessionsteachclimbershowtotiesafetyknots4aswellasotherbasics,masteringthemwithhands-ongamesandactivities.TheCliffsatLIC,LongIslandCity.Ages6—18.StatenIslandSkatingPavilionThislargeareamaintainsitsyear-roundfrostytemperaturesforice-skatingfun.Coursesareofferedeverydayforavarietyofinterestsandskilllevels,andpublicandfreestylesessionsareavailableforchildrenwhowanttospendsomeafternoonstherewithoutinstruction.Ages4andup.

6WestSideYMCAIfyourchildwantstolearnhowtoswim,you'dbepressedtofindmoreoptionsthanthoseofferedattheY.Kidsaregroupedbyageandcapability.Thecoursescoverpersonalsafetyandstroketechniques.Ifyouroffspringpreferdryland,theYalsooffersdance,basketballandfootball.Visitwebsitefbrclassdescriptionsanddetailedpriceinformation.Ages5-18.56.Whicheventwillyouattendforoccasionalacademichelp?A.TheCliffsatLIC.B.WestSideYMCA.C.92ndStreetYClasses.D.StatenIslandSkatingPavilion.57.WhatdoesStatenIslandSkatingPavilionprovide?A.Aminiopen-houseperformanceattheendoftheprogram.B.Coldtemperaturesalltheyearroundforice-skating.C.Teachingofskatingindividedgroupsaccordingtotheirage.DIntroductorylessonsonhowtoovercomethelearningobstacles.BEveryonehasahugepersonalgoalhe/shewantstoaccomplish.Theythinkaboutit,dreamaboutit,buttheyneveraccomplishit.Thatcouldbebecausetheyalsotalkaboutit.Accordingtostudieslikethisone,peoplewhotalkabouttheirintentionsarelesslikelytofollowthroughthoseintentions.SayyouwanttohikethroughtheAppalachianTrail,atiringfive-toseven-monthtrek¾¿ÀÁfromGeorgiatoMaine.You'rehavingdinnerwithfriends,andyoutellthemaboutit."Oh,wow!”oneexclaims."Thatsoundsamazing.Butwon'titbesuperhard?”Indeeditwill,yousay,andyousharewhatyouknowabouttentsites,shelters,toooccasionalshowers,andthecooltrailnameyou'llget.It'sfun.Itfeelsawesometoenjoyintheglowofpeoplewhoadmireyoufbrwantingtotakeonsuchahugechallenge.Italsomeansyou'relesslikelytoactuallybeontheTrailsomeday,because“whenotherpeopletakenoticeofanindividual'sidentity-relatedbehavioralintention,thisgivestheindividualaprematureÂÃḄsenseofpossessingtheidentity.^^Inshort,youalreadygotakickoutofpeoplethinkingofyouasaTrailhiker...sonowyou'relessmotivatedtoactuallybeaTrailhiker.SoundscounterintuitiveÄÅÆÇḄright?Aren'twesupposedtoshareourintentionssootherpeoplecanhelpsupportandmotivateus?AccordingtoNYUpsychologistPeterGollwitzer,oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,thafsnotthecase.Gollwitzerthinkstheissueliesinoursenseofidentity.Eachofuswantstobecertainthings,andwenaturally

7declarethoseintentions,evenifwehavenotyetbecomethosethings.DescribinghowIplannedtorunamarathonandhowIboughtrunningshoesandjoinedagymandcreatedatrainingplancertainlymakesmefeelgood...butitalsomakesmefeellikeI'malreadypartofthewaythereeventhoughIhaven'ttrainedatall.Declaringwhatwewanttobeandhowwewillgettherecausesustosomehowfeelwearefartheralongthepathofbecomingwhowewanttobe,andthereforelessmotivated-eventhoughwe'veactuallydonenothingbuttalk.Sotryit.Pickagoal.Createaplantoachieveit.Thenkeepyourgoalandyourplantoyourself.Focusonlyondoingtheworkrequiredtoachieveyourgoal.58.AmanwhotalksabouthikingthroughtheAppalachianTrailismorelikelytogiveitupbecause.A.itistoodifficultB.itisunpracticalC.thefriendswillobjecttohisplanD.hewillbelessmotivatedaftertalking59.Aftertalkingaboutrunningamarathonwithyourfriend,youwillmostprobably.A.starttrainingatonceB.feelundermuchpressurefromothersC.becomeencouragedbyyourfriends5supportD.feelasifyouwereamarathonrunneralready60.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Towarnustobemodest.B.Tointroducesomenewwaystosucceed.C.Towarnustoavoidemptytalkbeforeachievingourgoal.D.Toadviseustoshareourambitionswithourfriends.cIt'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat's15.4degreesofftotheobserver'sright-welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightat

8them.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,"She'snotlookingatyou."Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson'sgazeÈÉinaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe“MonaLisaeffect”.Thateffectisabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson'sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.Thisisimportantforhumaninteractionwithon-screencharacters.Ifyouwantsomeoneofftotherightsideofaroomtofeelthatapersonon-screenislookingathimorher,youdon'tcutthegazeofthecharactertothatside-surprisingly,doingsowouldmakeanobserverfeellikethecharacterisn'tlookingatanyoneintheroomatall.Instead,youkeepthegazestraightahead.Horstmannandhisco-authorwerestudyingthiseffectforitsapplicationinthecreationofartificial-intelligenceavatarsÊᜮÌwhenHorstmanntookalonglookatthe“MonaLisa“andrealizedshewasn,tlookingathim.Tomakesureitwasn'tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”onacomputerscreen.Theysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhichnumberontherulerintersected8...h<MonaLisa'sgaze.TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa'sgazeasshelookedattheviewer,theymovedtherulerfartherfromorclosertothescreenduringthestudy.Consistently,theresearchersfound,participantsjudgedthatthewomaninthe"MonaLisa”portraitwasnotlookingstraightatthem,butslightlyofftotheirright.Sowhydopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemtofollowtheviewer?Horstmannisn'tsure.Ifspossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffecf,justthoughtitwasacoolname.61.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa”.A.attractstheviewerstolookbackB.seemsmysteriousbecauseofhereyesC.fixeshereyesonthebackoftheviewersD.looksattheviewerswherevertheystand62.WhatgazerangeinapaintingwillcausetheMonaLisaeffect?A.B.C.D.

963.Theexperimentinvolving24peoplewasconductedto.A.confirmHorstmann'sbeliefB.createartificial-intelligenceavatarsC.calculatetheangleofMonaLisa'sgazeD.explainhowtheMonaLisaeffectcanbeapplied64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Horstmannthinksit'scooltocointheterm“MonaLisaeffecf,.B.TheMonaLisaeffectcontributestothecreationofartificialintelligence.C.FeelingbeinggazedatbyMonaLisamaybecausedbythedesireforattention.D.Thepositionoftherulerintheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers'judgment.DImovedtothePhoenixareainmyearlytwenties,andtoexpandmysociallifeIjoinedayoungadultgroupatachurch.BecauseIlovemusic,IstartedsinginginthechoirᔠᖛÏwhereImetLisa.Wewereaboutthesameage.Findingpeoplewithsimilarinterestshelpedreducemyfeelingsoflonelinessaftermovingtoanewcity.“Areyougoingtogoontheretreat☟Ñ?”Lisaasked.Onceortwiceayear,theyoungadultgroupputonaretreat.Ihesitated.IhadlittleexperiencewithretreatsandIstillfeltlikeanoutsider.t6Comeon,“Lisasaid.“Everyonegoes.^^“Okay."Iagreed.Afterall,somecuteguyswereinthegroup.Astheretreatweekendapproached,Ilearnedthatthethemewasforgiveness.Inmytwenties,theworldrevolvedÔaroundmeandwhatIwanted.And,asmostpeopledo,Ilearnedhowtobepleasantenoughwithoutgivinginandhavingtoapologizeanymorethannecessary.Inshort,theforgivenessthememademeuncomfortable.Iwouldattendtheretreat,butIplannedtositquietlyinthebackgroundandwatch.TheretreatwasheldatacampinPrescott,Arizona.Thefirstnightwegatheredinthecommonroomwherewealsoateourmeals.Accordingtotheplan,IfoundaspotinthebackwhereIcouldwatch,unnoticed.Theleadergotupandspokeaboutthehealingpowerofforgiveness.Hiswordsweretouching,"Nowcomesthehardpart,“hesaid."Iwanttoinviteyoutolookintoyourheartsandifyoufeelmovedtodoso,gotoapersonhereintheroomandasktobeforgivenfbrsomethingyou'vedone.^^Atthebeginning,therewastotalsilence.Washekidding?ThenLisastoodupandmadeherwaythroughthecrowdtowardme.Lisaplantedherfeetfirmlyinfrontofme."Kathleen,Tdliketoaskyourfbrgiveness.,,Ishookmyhead.Thennodded,notsurehowtorespond.Ifelttheheatriseintomycheeks.Icouldhardlybreatheknowingthateveryonecouldhearandseeallthis.IhadnoideawhatIwasforgivingherfor.Iwantedhertojustgoaway.“Ihavebeenangryathoweasilyyoujoinedourgroup.Eventhoughyoubecamemyfriendwhenweworkedon

10musictogether,Istillthoughtyouweredoingitforyourself.TveheldthatagainstyouandI'msorry.^^“It'sokay,"Ichokedout.Stunned,Istoodup,gaveheranawkwardhugandthensatbackdown.Lisaturnedandwentbacktoherseat.Lisa'sbraverybroketheiceandeveryonestartedtoaskforgivenessforvariousinjuries,somebig,somesmall.Theworldbegantochangeforme.IlearnedempathythedaythatLisaaskedmyforgiveness.IhadreadToKillaMockingbirdbyHarperLeeseveraltimes.ButIrealizedthatIhadneverunderstoodthemessageAtticusFinchtaughthischildren:"Youneverreallyknowamanuntilyouslandinhisshoesandwalkaroundinthem."Throughtheyearsmyfriendshipswerebetter,strongeranddeeper.Iapologizedandforgavequickly.Lisaallowedmethegiftoffriendshipbecauseherexampletaughtmetoforgive.65.heauthorjoinedtheadultgroupbecauseshewantedto.A.haveabettersociallifeB.practicesingingwithherfriendsC.learntheimportanceofforgivenessD.gettoknowmoreaboutherneighbors66.hichofthefollowingcandescribethewriterbeforesheattendedtheretreat?A.Self-confident.B.Dishonest.C.Responsible.D.Self-centered.67.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Thewriterdidn'twanttojointheretreatatfirst.B.ThewriterthoughtLisashouldsaysorrytoher.C.Thewriterthoughttheleaderoftheretreatwasfunny.D.ThewriterknewLisabeforeshemovedtothenewcity.68.ordingtoParagraph5,howdidthewriterfeelwhenLisaaskedforforgiveness?A.Scared.B.Curious.C.Stressed.D.Satisfied.69.WhatdidLisaapologizetothewriterfor?AThatshemadethewriterfeellonely.B.Thatshewasenviousofthewriter.C.Thatsheoncetookadvantageofthewriter.D.Thatsherefusedtomakefriendswiththewriter.70.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“standinhisshoes^^probablymeaninthelastparagraph?A.trytoapologizeandforgiveothersB.gettoknowpeople'struefaceC.valuethefriendshipwithothersD.placeoneselfinothers'position-µ2ᑖÕ?Ö▅ᐳ10⚪q⚪1ᑖᑖ10ᑖ▅ᑡ¹ᦻ;᪷ØᡠᑁᙠᦻÙ6⊤ÛḄ´ÛÜSᐭ:ᨬាßḄᓫà஺7ᫀᑏᙠ⚪ᓱYhm⚪HḄáâY஺´ÛãS:ᓫà஺

11Reputationofthecorporatekindisa"strategicassetäå“thatcanbeemployedtogain"'competitiveadvantage”,a"safetybufferç"thatcanbecalledupontoprotectyouagainst"negativenews”.TheReputationInstitutehasofficesin30countries.Plentyofotherorganizationsofferfirmsadviceonimprovingtheirreputations,suchasPerceptionPartnersintheUnitedStatesorspecializeddivisionswithinmanybigconsultancies.Andarapidlygrowingnumberofconsultancies,likeReputationDefender,givepeopleadviceonmanagingtheirreputationsonline.Forexample,theyoffertipsonhowtopushpositiveitemsuptheGooglerankingandneutralizeèénegativeones.It'seasytoseewhysomanybossesaresucheagerconsumersofthiskindofadvice.Themarketvalueofcompaniesisincreasinglydeterminedbythethingsyoucannottouch:theirbrandsandtheirintellectualcapital,forexample,ratherthantheirfactoriesorfleetsoftrucks.Non-GovernmentalOrganizationsNGOs
canturnonacompanyinaninstantandaccuseitofracismorcrimesagainsttheenvironment.CustomerscantrashitsproductsonTwitter.CorporategiantssuchasToyotaandBPhaveseentheirreputationscollapseintheblinkofaneye.Nevertheless,there9rethreeobjectionstothereputation-managementindustry.Thefirstisthatitconflatesêᔠmanydifferentthings-fromthequalityofacompany'sproductstoitsrelationshipwithNGOs-intoasinglenotionof“reputation"'.Italsoseemstobedividedbetweenpublic-relationsspecialistswhowanttoputthebestpossibleinformationonthenews
andcorporate-social-responsibilitytypeswhowantthecompanytoimprovetheworldandbethankedforit
.ThesecondobjectionisthattheindustrydependsonanaiveᜩḄviewofthepowerofreputation:thatcompanieswithpositivereputationswillfinditeasiertoattractcustomersandsurvivecrises.It'snothardtothinkofcounter-examples.Tobaccocompaniesmakevastprofitsdespitetheirawfulreputations.EverybodystronglycriticizesRyanairforitsbadserviceandtheDailyMailforitsmean-spiritedjournalism.Butbothfirmsarehighlysuccessful.Thebiggestproblemwiththereputationindustry,however,isthatthewaytodealwithpotentialthreatstoyourreputationistoworkharderatmanagingyourreputation.Theoppositeismorelikely:thebeststrategymaybetothinklessaboutmanagingyourreputationandconcentratemoreonproducingthebestproductsandservicesyoucan.Manysuccessfulcompanies,suchasAmazon,CostcoSouthwestAirlinesandZappos,havebeennotablefortheirintensefocusontheirbusinesses,notfortheirfancymarketing.Ifyoudoyourjobwell,customerswillsaynicethingsaboutyouandyourproducts.

12What'sinaname?♦Companiescanget(71)AincompetitionthroughtheuseofValuesofmanagingreputationstrategiestomanagereputation.♦Positivereputationstendtoreducetheinfluenceofnegativenews.♦Manyorganizationsprovidecompanieswithadviceonhowto(72)Auptheirreputations.Popularityofconsultancies♦Onlinereputation-managementconsultanciesareonthesharp(73)_▲_.Reasonsforbossesbeingeager♦Themarketvalueofcompaniesincreasingly(74)Aonuntouchableforadviceaboutmanagingthings.reputation♦Reputationisgettingeven(75)Atomanage.♦Itisa(n)(77)▲oftoomanythings,anditseemsthatopinionsaboutitare(78)Abetweenpublic-relationsandcorporate-social-responsibilityspecialists.(76)▲tothe♦Thereputation-managementindustrynaively(79)Athesuccessofreputation-managementacompanytoitspositivereputation.industry♦Thereputationindustrywronglythinksthatthestrategytohandlepotentialthreatstoacompanyisto(80)▲moreonitsreputationinsteadofitsproductqualityandservices.-ì2ᑖí☢⊤îᑖ25ᑖ81.▅☢ᦻQ;ᢥ᯿⌕#ᵨ®¯ᑏ:ñ150àòóḄᦻÙ஺Makingsenseofwhataneducationmeanstoyouandunderstandingwhatmotivatesyouinlearninginvolveassessingyourpreferencesandmakingchoices.Asyourchoicesareinfluencedbyyourattitudetowardslearning,itisthereforeimportanttoadoptapositiveattitudetoenableyoutostaymotivatedtowardsyourstudiesandrespondfavorabletoyourlearningexperiences.Justlikemotivation,apositivelearningattitudeisdifficulttodevelopandmaintain.However,itispossibleifyoucommityourselftothinkingandactingpositively.Forexample,maintainingaqualityofopennesswouldallowyoutoseethingsbeyondyourexistingparadigms(ö)inspireyoutocelebratethejoysoflearning,andmost

13importantofall,empoweryoutotakecontrolofyourlearning.Stayingmotivatedinyourstudiesrequiresaclearpurposeandpositivelearningattitude.Itisaconsciouschoicethatyouhavetomake.Byspendingtimereflectinguponwhathavebeendiscussedabove,youcanfindaperspectiveonlearningthatwouldgiveyoufulfillmentandpleasureinyourexperiences.Thechoiceisyours.ூᑏjᑁ௃1.ᵨø30àᭆúY☢ᦻQᑁq2.ûü᝱þÿ
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ḼᡃḄᩭ஺ᵨ120ᓫ᪵᩽Ḅ᝱#஺ூᑏ&⌕(௃1.ᑏ&,-./0123ᵨ4ᦻ6782.&ᦻ./09:;<=>?᪥>A83./Bᑏ᪗⚪஺ூEᑖ᪗G௃ᑁIJ᦮6LM6OPQᦪ〉T஺UVᐰ;XYZ03[\ᑖ]120ᑖὃ_`a]120ᑖbcdef⚗ὃᙠi⚪jk;▅mndef⚗oᔜ⚪i⚪⌕(஺1.n_ᔁᐳX⚓ᒹu⌱w⚪[x1⚪~x70⚪ᐳ70⚪cஹ{⌱w⚪[x71⚪~x81⚪ᐳ11⚪c|}ᑖ஺nᔁ\ᑖ~120ᑖὃ_`a~120ᑖb஺ὃ_n_ᔁ?i⚪ᓱ஺2.i⚪jBḄ=>ஹGὃᵨ0.5⁐Ḅᑏᙠ_ᔁoi⚪ᓱḄM஺3.k;᪶ὃᕒᙠi⚪ᓱᡠḄᩩ¡ṹḄ=>ஹGὃ£n¤¥ᔲ§¨஺4.&i⌱w⚪B©ᵨ2Bªi⚪ᓱ⌱⚗Ḅ«᪾\ஹ8᝞◤ᦋ±ᵨ²³´µ¶·⌱ᐸ¹iᫀ஺&i{⌱w⚪B©ᵨ0.5⁐Ḅᙠi⚪ᓱ

14Ḅᢣ&iᙠᐸ¹&i¼½ᦔ஺x}ᑖ¿À[ᐳ|⁚\ᑖ20ᑖcÂ⚪`ᐜiᫀ᪗ᙠ_ᔁ஺ÄÅᑁIᨵ|ᑖbḄ`a_ᔁḄiᫀÇᑮi⚪ᓱ஺x⁚[ᐳ5É⚪8ÊÉ⚪1ᑖ\ᑖ5ᑖc¿Ë☢5ÍÎ஺ÊÍÎᨵÉ⚪Ï⚪.ᡠÐḄAஹBஹCÑ⌱⚗.⌱9ᨬÓ⌱⚗᪗ᙠ_ᔁḄ§஺¿JÊÍÎÔᨵ10ÕbḄ`aᩭiᨵᐵÉ⚪?▅mËÉ⚪஺ÊÍÎm×஺1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoeat?A.Porkpies.B.Beefpies.C.Eggcakes.2.Whenwillthemallclose?A.Inhalfanhour.B.Inanhour.C.Inonehourandahalf.3.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthefamilyparty?A.Excited.B.Hesitant.C.Scared.4.Whatisthewomanlookingat?A.Apainting.B.Aphoto.C.Amirror.5.Whatcropdoesthewoman'suncleplant?A.Beans.B.Cotton.C.Corn.xØ⁚[ᐳ15É⚪8ÊÉ⚪1ᑖ\ᑖ15ᑖc¿Ë☢5ÍÎᡈÚÛ஺ÊÍÎᡈÚÛᨵÜÉ⚪Ï⚪.ᡠÐḄAஹBஹCÑ⌱⚗.⌱9ᨬÓ⌱⚗஺¿ÊÍÎᡈÚÛjᨵ`a▅mᔜÉ⚪ÊÉ⚪5Õb8¿JᔜÉ⚪Ð95ÕbḄ&i`a஺ÊÍÎᡈÚÛm|×஺¿x6Íᩞᧇix6ஹ7⚪஺6.Wheredoestheconversationlikelytakeplace?A.Atamovietheater.B.Atthespeakers'home.C.Atanelectronicsstore.7.Howdoesthemanplantomakehisviewingexperiencebelter?A.He'llbuyabiggerTV.B.He'llputascreenuponthewall.C.He'llconnectasetofspeakers.¿x7Íᩞᧇix8ஹ9⚪஺

158.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Abasketballgame.B.Anaturepicture.C.Ahuntingincident.9.Whyisthemansurprised?A.Thezebrajumpedoverthephotographer.B.Thelioncaughtthezebra.C.Thephotographerwasn'thurt.¿x8Íᩞᧇix10ß12⚪஺10.Whatbusinessmovedidthespeakersmake?A.Theyopenedanonlinestore.B.Theyclosedtheirphysicalstore.C.Theystartedanadvertisingfirm.11.Whatdoesthemanprobablyhopewillhappen?A.Youngerpeoplewillappreciatetheirproducts.B.Hewillgetsomeyoungpeopletoworkforhim.C.Peopleofhisagewillpromotehisbusinessviasocialmedia.12.Whoarethespeakers9targetcustomers?A.Peopleaged15—30.B.Peopleaged45ߟ60.C.Peopleover60.¿x9Íᩞᧇix13ß16⚪஺13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Bossandworker.C.Co-workers.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewfish?A.Theyaresmall.B.Theyhavehugeteeth.C.Theyareinactive.15.WhatwaslikelyinMaude5spicture?A.Abluefish.B.Theresearchteam.C.Theocean.16.Whathappenstothefishwhenthey'retakenoutoftheirenvironment?A.Theycanstilllivewell.B.Theyfallapartquickly.C.Theystopbeingtransparent.¿x10Íᩞᧇix17ß20⚪஺17.Howlongwastheteamworkingontheproject?A.For4years.B.For8years.C.For10years.

1618.Whoistheteamleader?A.O'Reilly.B.Tabriz.C.Moradi.19.Whichcardidtheteamrecreate?A.AnIranianone.B.AnItalianone.C.ABritishone.20.Whatwastheengineers5primarygoal?A.Todevelopacarsuperiortotheinitialmodel.B.Toputsupersportscarsintomassproduction.C.Tolearnhowtomakeasportscarbythemselves.ூiᫀ௃l.C2.A3.B4.A5.B6.B7.C8.B9.C10.All.C12.B13.C14.A15.A16.B17.A18.C19.B20.Cூ¿À4ᦻ௃Text1M:There'sanewbakeryonthenextstreet.Shouldwegetsomeporkpiesorbeefpiesthismorning?W:Iwantsomethingsweet.Theeggcakeladyjustopenedherdoors.Lefsgoandstandinline.Text2M:Theshoppingmallclosesat10:00p.m.It's9:30now.Hurryup,orIwon'tbeabletobuyashirtformyinterviewtomorrow!W:Oh,Iwishwehadgottenhereat9:00!Text3W:Areyoureadyforthefamilypartythisweekend?M:Ifsbeen10yearssincewelastgottogether.Tmafi,aidtheymightnotrecognizeme.TmnotsureifIwillgo.Text4W:Ilikeallthecolorsyou'veusedinyourpicture,Bobby.Whydon'tyoutryputtingalittlemoredetailinit?M:OK,MrsWhite.Ijustneedtogotothebathroomandwashoutmybrushfirst.Text5W:Haveyoueverbeentoacottonfarmlikethisbefore?Myuncleswitchedovertoitbecausehecouldmakemoremoneythere.Heusedtogrowcomandbeans.M:Tveneveractuallybeentoafarm,soIhavenoideahowfarmersmakealiving!Text6

17M:Nowwehaveourownhometheater!Look!Thescreenisasbigasourwall!W:Hey,howdidyoudothat?M:IjustboughtapieceofequipmentthatconnectstothecomputerorTV...orevenasmartphone!IcanplayanythingIwant,likeamovieoraTVshow.Then,thisequipmentmakestheimagespresentonthewall,justlikewhenyougotothemovies.W:Well,it'snotthesamequality.M:You'reright.Butitisn'tbad,andwhenIsetupmynewspeakersystem...W:Umm,youboughtspeakers,too?M:Ofcourse!Iwantthefulleffect.Don'tworry.You'regoingtoloveit!Text7W:Whatagreatshot!M:Who'splayingtonight?W:Playing?I'mwatchingaTVdocumentaryaboutnaturephotography.M:Whatdoesthathavetodowithbasketball?W:Itdoesn't.Iwascommentingonthepicture.Ifsaphotoofalionjumping.M:OK,Ilikelions,butwhat'ssoimpressiveaboutthat?W:Well,thephotographerwasinthepathofarunninglionwhenitrushedoutofthebushes.Thephotographerdroppedtothegroundonhisback,andthelionjumpedrightoverhim.Itwaschasingazebra,andthephotographer...M:Shotthelionwithagun?W:No!Hetookapicturereallyquicklyasthelionjumpedover.That'swhatImeantby“greatshot”.M:I'msurprisedtheguywasn'tattacked!W:Hewastwicelucky—forbeingalive,andfortakingthephotooftheyear!Text8M:We'reinbusiness!Ican'tbelievewewaitedsolongtoopenourownstore.Thisisgreat,isn'tit?Ihopewegetalotofcustomers.W:Istillthinkweshouldhiresomeonetoadvertiseforus.M:I'vebeenconsideringwhattodoaboutthat,Laura.Thereshouldbeaneasierandcheaperway.Idon'tliketraditionaladvertising,anyway.Sinceourstoreisonline,thefirstthingwecoulddoissendanemailtoallof

18ourfriendsandfamily.We'Hincludethelinktoourwebsite.TheycanshareinformationaboutournewstoreonFacebook,Instagram,andTwitter.W:That'sagreatidea!Themoreyoungpeoplewetell,thebetter.Peoplebetween15and30yearsoldusuallyhavealargenetworkoffriends.M:Yeah,butI'venoticedthatouragegroupusessocialmediaalot,too.Andourstoremainlysellsthingsthatpeoplefrom45to60woulduse,likeproductstokeeppeoplelookingyounger.W:True.Maybeweshouldsendsomeemailstoouroldschoolfriends,then.Bynow,manyofthemshouldhavealotofbusinessassociatesandfriends.Text9W:Didyouhearthenews?AresearchteamfromourOceanInstitutejustdiscoveredanewfish.M:Unbelievable!Theyhaven'tdiscoveredanythinginalongtime.Theymustfeelproud!W:Yes,andveryrelieved.Youknow,theuniversitywasjustabouttocuttheirbudgets.Ifthathappenedinourdepartment,IthinkyouandIwouldsoonbeoutofwork!M:Iagree.Thediscoverywasjustintime!So,whatisthisnewanimal?W:Actually,it'scalledtheAtacamaSnailfish.Therearethreecolorsofthem-thepink,theblue,andthepurpleAtacamaSnailfish.M:Cool!JustfromthenameIknowwheretheywerefound-inoneofthedeepestpartsoftheocean,westoftheSouthAmericancontinent.Isthereanythingspecialaboutthisfish?W:Yes!Itisn'tlikemanyotherdeep-oceanfish,whichusuallyhavehugeteethandaremuchbigger,becausethepressureisverygreatatthebottomofthesea.Instead,thenewfisharesmall.They'realittlebittransparent,too,andseemveryactive.M:Didtheteamcatchany?W:Theydidcatchablueone.IsawapictureofitthismorningfromMaude,oneoftheleaders.Shetoldmethatwhenthesefisharetakenfromtheirnaturalenvironment,theyareverydelicateanddisappearquickly.They'rejustmadetosurviveinthatextremepressureandcoldenvironment.Text10ThisisBritain'sDailyNewsat10:00.1'mMarkO'Reilly,andwe'restartingoffthenightwithastoryfromIran.AteamofengineerstherehavecreatedanexactcopyofaLamborghini.Forthepastfouryears,theleaderanddesignerMasoudMoradihasledhiscreativegroupthroughtheresearch,design,modeling,andmakingstagesof

19theproject.ThefinalproductisaperfectcopyoftheItalianexpensivecar.AtapresentationintheIraniancityofTabrizonOctober8th,theaudiencewastreatedtothesightoftheflashyyellowracecar.InMoradi'sspeech,heexplainedthathisteamhadchosenauniquemodelofasuperiorbrand.Inbuildingthecar,theytriedtorecreatethemainfeaturesandeventhesimplestdetailsoftheinitialmodel.Theydiditandhesaid,“Webelievethatourteamcanproduceoneofthebestcarsintheworld...”Themaingoalwastogainthetechnicalknowledgeandmethodsformakingsupersportscars.Sincetheyhaveaccomplishedthis,thenextstepistoproduceIranian-madeexpensivesportscars.Itmaytakeawhileformassproductionofsuchcars-butiftheenthusiasmofthecrowdisanyindication,therewillcertainlybeenoughbuyers!xØ}ᑖà6áâãᵨ[ᐳ|⁚\ᑖ35ᑖcx⁚ᓫ⚗ä[ᐳ15É⚪8ÊÉ⚪1ᑖ\ᑖ15ᑖck;▅mË☢ᔜ⚪Ï⚪.ᡠÐḄAஹBஹCஹDå⌱⚗.⌱9ᨬÓ⌱⚗ᙠi⚪ᓱ⚗஺21.It'swidelyacknowledgedthatreadingprintedtextsisnoforpersonaldiscussionwithagreatthinker.A.substituteB.subjectC.submissionD.substanceூiᫀ௃Aூæ᪆௃ὃè>Ḅé᪆஺substitutee~“ëìᱥ,ëᵨï”benosubstitutefore~“/0ìëñfᱥ[ᵨòóôñfᱥõᨵöfᱥ÷c”8subjectÎ⚪øù6<úû8submissionüÏý8substanceᱥþ<þf<ÿẠ஺▅ᓺᙠḄᑁ᝞ᜧḄ☢☢!"#$%஺22.Thecorporationurgentlyrecalledtheirproductsfromthemarketgrowingcomplaintsabouttheengines.A.inthelightofB.intermsofC.intheeventofD.inadvanceofூ'ᫀ௃Aூ*᪆௃ὃ-./01Ḅ2᪆஺inthelightof␺45intermsofᙠ...Ḅ7☢5intheeventof᝞89:inadvanceof;<஺␺4=>?ᩭ?AḄᢗCDEFញHIJKḄLM஺23.Menareanxioustoimprovetheircircumstances,butareunwillingtoimprovethemselves;theyremainbound.A.thereforeB.somehowC.otherwiseD.neverthelessூ'ᫀ௃Aூ*᪆௃ὃ-N/Ḅ2᪆஺thereforeOPᡠR5somehowSTUᙢRWX7Y5otherwiseᔲᑣ5nevertheless\ᯠ^஺<_`aO8ᐵc⌱ethereforefᔠ1᛻஺iᑗᦋlmnḄᜐ᛻pᓾrsᦋlmᡃ஺OPKu◍w᛻஺24.It'sreallyhardtotheexactmeaningofsomewordswhenyoutranslatethemintoaforeignlanguage.

20A.gothroughB.bringoutC.makeupD.turnoutூ'ᫀ௃Bூ*᪆௃ὃ-y/01Ḅ2᪆஺gothroughzᔊ5bringout|}~ᩭ5makeup᪀ᡂᡂ5turnouta8a஺ᵨ᜜1:ᓫ/⌕Ḅᑗ⊤ᩭaḄ஺25.:Whatdoyoumeanwhensayingeveryminutecounts?:Amanwhodarestowasteonehouroftimethevalueoflife.A.hadn'tdiscoveredB.hasn'tdiscoveredC.didn'tdiscoverD.isn'tdiscoveringூ'ᫀ௃Bூ*᪆௃ὃ-y/Ḅ᝱஺“ᑖaU”“:¡ᦢ4£¤•¦§Ḅ¨©ᨵ«~¬Ḅ®¯஺”᪷±²S³aK©ᨵ«~¬Ḅ®¯´ᦢ4£¤§஺⊤µ\¶«¬Ḅ·¸~ᙠḄ¹º⌕ᵨ~ᙠ»ᡂ஺26.—HowdoyouliketheideaofWebTV?—It'saworldofinteractiveTVprogramming,anythingwonderfulcanhappen.A.onewhichB.onewhereC.theonewhichD.theonewhereூ'ᫀ௃Bூ*᪆௃ὃ-¼/½¾1¿஺✌ᐜ◤⌕:¡¼/ᢣ¼<☢Ḅ“aworldofinteractiveTVprogramming”,¼ᢣa+Ä/ᵨone஺theone⊤ᱯᢣ஺ᯠ__☢a¾1¿Æ⛲one஺¿ÈÉÊᙢËÌ1ÍᵨᐵcN/where=ÎÏ¿஺Ðᦑ⌱B஺“ÒÓÔÕᵯ×Ø¡ÙTU᪵”“Øa:¡Ûyᵯ×⁚ÝḄÞß:¡àáâãḄ·¸ä²å«¬ḄÞßJ27.tobuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindisChina,whichhasprovidedgeneroussupportandassistance.A.DedicatingB.DedicatedC.BeingdedicatedD.Havingdedicatedூ'ᫀ௃Bூ*᪆௃ὃ-æç1y/஺¨è³éḄ1êChina,whichhasprovidedsupportandassistance,isdedicatedtobuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindodedicatedë⊤1ì;ᑮJ✌^î஺Èï;ðJñᢝ½óôõö4÷øᐳúûḄüý஺28.Itisaphenomenonknownas“thefirstnighteffect"peopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundings.A.whereB.whichC.whyD.thatூ'ᫀ௃Dூ*᪆௃ὃ-Ä/¿஺þþᙠ:¡ÿ៉Ḅ᛻ᙠḄṑᡠḄ“ᦔ⚪!ᡠ"#☢◤⌕ᵨthat()!*+஺29.TheentirecountrywasovercomewithgrieffortheeighteenfirefightersandoneguidewhowerekilledinLiangshanmountainfire.B.accumulatedB.distributedC.spoiledD.overcomeூ.ᫀ௃D

21ூ2᪆௃ὃ5678!Ḅ9᪆஺beovercomewilhgrief:;<=஺+>?@AḄB᪍DEFGH18IJ■ᕒM1Iᔣ)ḄOPQR=஺30.Howdoyoufindaboutthesepictures?Neverbeforesuchhigh-qualitypicturesdirectlyfromthechildren'spointofview.A.hadIseenB.haveIseenC.didIseeD.amIseeingூ.ᫀ௃Bூ2᪆௃ὃ567ḄS᝱஺UVWXᵨḄYZᙠSᡠ"[VWXSbeforeᵨZᙠ\ᡂS⊤_*`abᑮZᙠ஺+>?“def᯿ᱏij᪵l”“ᡃ"o*ᩭqᨵst`bu*vwxyz{Ḅ᝞}~Ḅ᯿ᱏ஺”31.Theproportionofplanningtomarketforcesisnotthedifferencebetweensocialismandcapitalism.A.officialB.potentialC.essentialD.confidentialூ.ᫀ௃Cூ2᪆௃ὃ57Ḅ9᪆஺essentialdirence஺+>?ᑜḄ஺officialḄpotentialᙠḄconfidentialḄ஺32.FortuneChinareleasedarankingofbusinessleadersin2020,JackMa,founderofAlibaba,thelistwithoutstandingleadership.A.toppingB.toppedC.totopD.havingtoppedூ.ᫀ௃Aூ2᪆௃ὃ5:!67஺⚪:!67Ḅ᪀஺JackMatop6ᐵ஺
:¡¢£Q᱐{¥H2020¦ᖪ¨⚞⋀᣸¬®¯¯°±V²³"ᓩµḄ⚞)¶~·✌஺33.Raisingtheincomesofthepoorislikelytobeineffectiveinawealthysociety,othermeasuresareaccompanied.A.ifB.whenC.unlessD.onceூ.ᫀ௃Cூ2᪆௃ὃ5¹!*+஺+>?⌕º»¼½◀:¿ÀÁᐸÃÄÅÆ~ÇÈVÉḄᦈᐭᨵÌÍÎᦔḄ஺}ᜐ᪷Ñ+>ÌÒ⌱unless◀:஺ᐸÔ⌱⚗ᙳ×ᔠ!᛻஺34—Whydoyoucareabouthimsomuch?——Youhimwhenhefirstcameout-itwassosad.A.wouldhaveseenB.shouldhaveseenC.mighthaveseenD.couldhaveseenூ.ᫀ௃Bூ2᪆௃ὃ5Ù᝱67+\ᡂ஺shouldhaveseen>"Ü⊤_Ꮇ᝞Þstᡈàᔊâãᱥåæçᐶéᡈᔛë”஺+>?“dìjjᐵíl”“dîïssðzZSḄ᪵wîVñ`35.—Dad,Peterisabletoflylikeabatman!,Tom.Youknowthat'snottrue.A.GoaheadB.GetoutC.CountmyblessingsD.Comeoffitூ.ᫀ௃D

22ூ2᪆௃ὃ5Ùòó▭஺Goaheadaõᔳ;Getoutza,ùzᐸ;Countmyblessingsúúᡃᨵûü;Comeoffitᔿþ⌕ÿ஺“᱆᱆∷∸᪵”“஺⍝!Ḅ஺”#$⁚&'()(ᐳ20ᑖ-.⚪1ᑖ,0ᑖ20ᑖ)23!▅56☢8ᦻ:8ᦻ;ᔜ⚪ᡠ>ḄAஹBஹCஹD@A⌱⚗D⌱EᨬG⌱⚗HᙠJ⚪ᓱLMN⚗OP஺MadagascarwasnottheparadiseIexpected.AreporterandIwere___36___theretofindoutwhowashelpingwithdroughtreliefandthepreventionoffamine.Afterathree-hourrideinavan,we___37___inthesmalltownofAmbovombe.Peterimmediately___38___overtothehospitaltospeakwithalocaldoctoronourtopicsofinterest.SinceIdidn'tneedtophotographthebackground___39___withthedoctor,Iwanderedouttotheroad.Iraisedmy___40___togetsomepicturesbeforethesunwentdown.Tve___41___beentoMadagascarbefore,anduntilyou'veactuallyphotographedinaplace,youdon'tknowhowpeoplewill___42___tothecamera.Iphotographedahandsomemanwhowas___43___awallinthegoldenlightofdusk.Noreaction.Ilookabreath.Afterawhile,everyonewithina20-yardradiushad___44___me.Somecalledouttoeachother,playfullyteasingthoseI'd___45___.Soonafter,amotherencouragedmetophotographheryoungchildren.I___46___amoment.Theyweredressedin___47___clothes.Oneofthemmaynothaveevenhadanypantson-notbecauseherparentswereneglectful,butbecausetheycouldn't___48___them.Theirmotherreally___49___metophotographthem.ThishappenseverywhereIgo.Parents,___50___oftheirchildren,askmetotakeaphoto.Tdtakenthisphotoofcutesmilingchildrenoverandover.Idon'tusuallysave___51___,butIsavedthisone.Why?Thechildren's___52___.It'ssomethingsopowerfulyetso___53___thatwesometimesmissit.Thismom,despiteallthe___54___obvioustoanoutsider'seyes,foundinherchildrensomethingshewantedaphotographtoremember.That'sbecauseshesawa(n)___55___picture:Shesawthemwithamother'sheart.Asshouldweall.ூRST5௃VSWXᦻ஺ᦻYZ[\]᤬_`ḄaὅcdefghihḄAj╋Llaᙠm⍗ᑮpqrst᝛Ḅvw⊟y⋦{᝛ᓾ᡻⌕aὅ᯿ᶇaὅᵫEq᰿Ḅᜧ஺

2336.A.expectedB.assignedC.allowedD.persuadedூJᫀ௃BூT᪆௃A.expected;B.assignedd-C.allowedᐕD.persuaded஺:6ᦻaὅḄᔊᩭcd⍧beassignedto]“cᢣd……”¡ᔠ⌕£஺ᦑ⌱B⚗஺37.A.arrivedB.exploredC.searchedD.campedூJᫀ௃AூT᪆௃A.arrivedᑮg;B.explored¥¦-C.searched§¨D.camped☄⃩஺ᑖ᪆ᦻ«aὅ¬®¯°±ᑮg²Ḅᙢ஺ᦑ⌱A⚗஺38.A.tookB.thoughtC.headedD.putூJᫀ௃CூT᪆௃PeterfL´eµ▾·p¸ᙢḄµ¹º»஺headedover´e஺ᦑ⌱C⚗஺39.A.discussionB.interviewC.programD.reunionூJᫀ௃BூT᪆௃A.discussion¼½;B.interview¾¿☢À;C.program⁚²-D.reunionÁÂ஺·LḄspeakwithºÃVmᢣ\]Wὅ¾¿¸ᙢḄµ¹஺ᦑ⌱B⚗஺40.A.paperB.handC.headD.cameraூJᫀ௃DூT᪆௃A.paperÄÅ-B.handÆ-C.headᜮ-D.cameraÈÉ஺·aὅphotographḄÊaºÃ,̲Ḅ⌕t஺getsomeimages“Í•ÏД«⌕ÑÒÈÉ᯿஺ᦑ⌱D⚗஺41.A.justB.seldomC.neverD.alreadyூJᫀ௃CூT᪆௃A.justÓÓ;B.seldomÔÕ;C.never:;D.alreadyÖ஺6×ᑮ“Øᑮ!ḄᙠAᙢÙ᤬ÚÛ⍝ÜÛºÝᜮᨵßàáÔâaὅã´äᩭVm஺ᦑ⌱C⚗஺42.A.respondB.adaptC.returnD.contributeூJᫀ௃AூT᪆௃A.respondáÃ-B.adapt〉Ã;C.returnæç-D.contributeèé஺6êëᑏḄܺíÈÉᑮîïVmÃNᢣ⍝ܺÈÉÛßàáÃ஺ᦑ⌱A⚗஺43.A.plottingagainstB.hittingagainstC.runningupagainstD.leaningagainstூJᫀ௃D

24ூT᪆௃againstð☠Ḅò,leanagainst]“ó☠ᙠ……L”,¡ᔠR᛻஺ᡃ᤬Aᙠö÷Ḅø⁐□ᐝ6ó☠ᙠᜋLḄýþᵱ஺ᦑ⌱D⚗஺plottingagainst.hittingagainstrunningupagainstᏔ⍗஺44.A.caughtB.noticedC.foundD.suspectedூᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃A.caughtᢕ;B.noticedC.foundᑮ;D.suspectedᝰᶧ஺!"ḄNoreaction”$ᨵ&”ᑮ(ᩭcalledouteachother“+,-.”/0ᯠᡃ3᤬Ḅ56789:;<=Ḅ஺ᦑ⌱B⚗஺45.A.helpedwithB.staredatC.referredtoD.focusedonூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃A.helpedwith>?B.staredat@ḼC.referredtoBCljD.focusedonDᯖ஺ᐜḄ$ᨵ&ᑮGᙠ<=/ᡃ3᤬ḄᯖI!JKLᡂ6ᜧOᐵḄQ஺ᦑ⌱D⚗஺46.A.watchedB.regrettedC.hesitatedD.chokedூᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃A.watchedRSB.regretted(៎C.hesitatedUVD.chokedW஺!XYZ[ᡃ\᝛Ḅ^3᯿/`aᦻcdὅfO=ḄRgஹiCᨵ=$jklᩭS/&mnLᨵᡠUVḄ஺ᦑ⌱C⚗஺47.A.fantasticB.fragileC.dirtyD.absurdூᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃A.fantasticpqḄ,₠tḄ/u᜻Ḅ;B.fragile᧕xḄ,ᾪḄ/z{Ḅ;C.dirty|}Ḅ;D.absurd₠~Ḅ/₠ᖆḄ/ᳮឋḄ஺a!"ciCᨵ=$jkl/0ᯠfO=nḄ/⊟ᯠKLᐝ஺ᦑ⌱C⚗஺48.A.serveB.affordC.chooseD.bringூᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃A.serveB.afford:C.choose⌱D.bringᩭ஺ᯠ᱄Y/n68ᩩᢝ/K¡n¢:஺ᦑ⌱B⚗஺49.A.wantedB.informedC.remindedD.paidூᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃A.wantedq⌕B.informed¤¥C.remindedB⏨D.paid஺aᦻᑁ¨ᩭS/©fX

25YZ/ª«᱄Y¬qᨵ!®^¬Ḅ᯿ᱏd°±஺ᦑ⌱A⚗஺50.A.afraidB.sureC.awareD.proudூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃A.afraid²᝿ḄB.sure´JḄC.awareµᑮD.proud¶·Ḅ஺aᦻcBᑮ/¸n6ᙠ^¬¹ºG»¼Ḅ½¾/¿L3᯿/beproudof……`Á”Âᔠᦻ஺ᦑ⌱D⚗஺51.A.imagesB.cardsC.giftsD.wordsூᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃A.imagesÄᱏB.cardsᓱᱏÆC.giftsÇᱥD.wordsÉÊ஺!"ËdὅL!ÌÌᙢᢥ᯿ÏÐ᱄YḄ⌕Ñ3᤬᯿ᱏ/ÒÓᶇf!Õ/ᢣḄ¡n᯿ᱏ஺ᦑ⌱A⚗஺52.A.clothesB.kindnessC.motherD.expectationூᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃A.clothes⊟;B.kindnessᗐØC.motherYZD.expectationÙÚ஺ᨬ(!ÜḄÝÞᩭS,nfXYZḄY᰿àádὅ஺ᦑ⌱C⚗஺53.A.emotionalB.changeableC.sensitiveD.commonூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃A.emotionalâàḄB.changeablekᦋäḄC.sensitiveåàḄ;D.commonᐳçḄ,èÌḄ஺éÜÝÞYZ^¬êḄ᰿/¡nitᢣëḄᑁ¨/ìíîᜧ/`ïÕ=ðᨵKíèÌ஺ᦑ⌱D⚗஺54.A.adventuresB.disadvantagesC.curiosityD.supportூᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃A.adventuresᑈ◅ÆB.disadvantagesóô/õIC.curiosityö᜻;D.supportᢝ஺dὅ3᯿6fO^⊟÷`UV/fXYZᓾ᡻⌕3/kú᝛63᯿nkûᙠfГõ◍”Ḅ஺ᦑ⌱B⚗஺55.A.disgustingB.naturalC.broadD.differentூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃A.disgustingý=þូḄ,ᕏḄB.naturalᯠḄC.broad▎Ḅ;D.differentḄ஺ὅᡃᑮḄ⊟⋦ḄᝰḼḄ"#Ḅ᝛ᑮḄ%&'(஺ᦑ⌱D⚗஺

26-./ᑖ1▅3ᳮ56ᐳ158⚪:8⚪2ᑖ;ᑖ30ᑖ<=>?▅3@ᑡBᦻDBᦻEᔜ⚪ᡠHḄAஹBஹCஹDJK⌱⚗L⌱MᨬO⌱⚗PᙠR⚪ᓱTUV⚗WX஺NewYork'sbestclassesforkidsincludesportsclasses,performingartsclasses,artclasses,languageprogramsandbabyclasses.Makesureyourkidsarereadyfornewadventureswiththesesuper-coolofferings!92ndStreetYClassesAtthisinstitutionyourmusiciancanlearnhowtoplayaninstrument.After-schoolclassesexaminedifferentmusicalpiecesandencourageworkinagroupsetting.Attheendoftheprogram,miniMozartscanimpresstheirfamilyandfriendsatopen-houseperformances.Plus,whenthey'renotjamming,kidscantakeadvantageofhomeworkhelpintheClubhouse,wheretheyaredividedupbygradelevel.Ages5—15.TheCliffsatLICAfteradayoffightingtheacademicobstaclecourseatschool,yourfavoriteachieverscanreachnewheightsonarock-climbingwall.TheCliffs,offeringsallowdevelopingbodiestobuildmusclestrength.Forexample,introductorysessionsteachclimbershowtotiesafetyknots6Y

27A.Aminiopen-houseperformanceattheendoftheprogram.B.Coldtemperaturesalltheyearroundforice-skating.C.Teachingofskatingindividedgroupsaccordingtotheirage.DIntroductorylessonsonhowtoovercomethelearningobstacles.ூRᫀ௃Bூ5᪆௃⁚ᳮ5⚪஺᪷rStatenIslandSkatingPavilion/ᑖThislargeareamaintainsitsyear-roundfrostytemperaturesforice-skatingfun.6%^ᜧᱏᙢᢝdᐰḄ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª~«<ᵫ¬ᚆ¯°§¨✂©ªᐰ²¤Ḅᩩ´஺ᦑ⌱B஺BEveryonehasahugepersonalgoalhe/shewantstoaccomplish.Theythinkaboutit,dreamaboutit,buttheyneveraccomplishit.Thatcouldbebecausetheyalsotalkaboutit.Accordingtostudieslikethisone,peoplewhotalkabouttheirintentionsarelesslikelytofollowthroughthoseintentions.SayyouwanttohikethroughtheAppalachianTrail,atiringfive-toseven-monthtrek6µ¶·¸

28pathofbecomingwhowewanttobe,andthereforelessmotivated—eventhoughwe'veactuallydonenothingbuttalk.Sotryit.Pickagoal.Createaplantoachieveit.Thenkeepyourgoalandyourplantoyourself.Focusonlyondoingtheworkrequiredtoachieveyourgoal.ூ[\53௃%^\¿Àᦻ஺ᦻa▊ÂdÃÄÅÀḄÆÇÈ᪗ÊËHÌÍÎÏÏËÐᑮѼḄᵨ஺58.AmanwhotalksabouthikingthroughtheAppalachianTrailismorelikelytogiveitupbecause.A.itistoodifficultB.itisunpracticalC.thefriendswillobjecttohisplanD.hewillbelessmotivatedaftertalkingூRᫀ௃Dூ5᪆௃nᳮᑨp⚪஺᪷rᦻa-.Ò¬ÅÀdÓḄÔÕÖEḄ×₫"Ùᑮ;Ú˦ÓÛܸdDÝÞßÔÕḄÍàá஺ᦑ⌱D஺59.Aftertalkingaboutrunningamarathonwithyourfriend,youwillmostprobably.A.starttrainingatonceB.feelundermuchpressurefromothersC.becomeencouragedbyyourfriends,supportD.feelasifyouwereamarathonrunneralreadyூRᫀ௃Dூ5᪆௃⁚ᳮ5⚪஺᪷rᦻa-âÒ¬Ꮇ᝞ÅÀdåᜓçèéêëḄìᑜÖEËíᑮÓîïÛÜᡂ¦^ñë⌱òd஺ᦑ⌱D஺60.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Towarnustobemodest.B.Tointroducesomenewwaystosucceed.C.Towarnustoavoidemptytalkbeforeachievingourgoal.D.Toadviseustoshareourambitionswithourfriends.ூRᫀ௃cூ5᪆௃ᑏôõ⚪஺öᦻḄ÷⌕ÈḄùúûᡃ⌕ÞßÓḄÔÕù⌕üìᑜýᙠ"L⌕þÅ⌕ÿ
஺ᦑ⌱C஺C

29It'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat's15.4degreesofftotheobserver'sright-welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,"She'snotlookingatyou.44Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson'sgazeinaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe“MonaLisaeffect”.Thateffectisabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson'sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.Thisisimportantforhumaninteractionwithon-screencharacters.Ifyouwantsomeoneofftotherightsideofaroomtofeelthatapersonon-screenislookingathimorher,youdon'tcutthegazeofthecharactertothatside-surprisingly,doingsowouldmakeanobserverfeellikethecharacterisn'tlookingatanyoneintheroomatall.Instead,youkeepthegazestraightahead.Horstmannandhisco-authorwerestudyingthiseffectforitsapplicationinthecreationofartificial-intelligenceavatarsᜮwhenHorstmanntookalonglookatthe“MonaLisa"andrealizedshewasn'tlookingathim.Tomakesureitwasn'tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”onacomputerscreen.Theysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhichnumberontherulerintersected...MonaLisa'sgaze.TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa'sgazeasshelookedattheviewer,theymovedtherulerfartherfromorclosertothescreenduringthestudy.Consistently,theresearchersfound,participantsjudgedthatthewomaninthe“MonaLisa“portraitwasnotlookingstraightatthem,butslightlyofftotheirright.Sowhydopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemtofollowtheviewer?Horstmannisn'tsure.It?spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.Ormaybethe

30peoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffecf,justthoughtitwasacoolname.ூ௃ᦻ஺ᦻ!"#$%&'()ℳ+,-./0Ḅ᝕ឋ456ᙠ89Ḅ:;<=>?@+,-AᙠBḼ/᜜#>஺EFG>H&I┯KḄ஺(LM#$A'(᝛ḄOPQRḼSTUᕖWHorstmannXYZ[஺ᨵ]^#$ᨵ_BḄ`a>ᡠcd$'(ℳ+,-ᙠBd$>e“ℳ+,-ᦔh61.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa“.A.attractstheviewerstolookbackB.seemsmysteriousbecauseofhereyesC.fixeshereyesonthebackoftheviewersD.looksatIheviewerswherevertheystandூiᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃l⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷qrs0It'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Tᡠᕜu>ᑡᝍxy•{•|᜻(LeonardodaVinci)ᨬ℉Ḅ/0Ḅ᝕#>456ᙠ89Ḅ:;<=>?@+,-AᙠBḼ/᜜#>ᵨ᝛ḄOPRd$஺]u>#$'(>456ᙠ:>/)ℳ+,-.0Ḅ᝕#QḼ/᜜#஺ᦑ⌱D⚗஺62.WhatgazerangeinapaintingwillcausetheMonaLisaeffect?ூiᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃l⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷qrs0Aslongastheangleoftheperson\gazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.⌕#ḄḄᜳeQτℳ+,-ᦔh஺ᦑ⌱B⚗஺63.Theexperimentinvolving24peoplewasconductedto.A.confirmHorstmann'sbeliefB.createartificial-intelligenceavatarsC.calculatetheangleofMonaLisa'sgazeD.explainhowtheMonaLisaeffectcanbeappliedூiᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃ᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷qrs0Tomakesureitwasn'tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa"onacomputerscreen.("ZYd>Ẇ#ᕒ24;#ᙠᵯᾯ

31£¤¥S“ℳ+,-”Ḅ§஺]u>("G¨©ªḄ«>¬24;#®¯°±஺ᦑ⌱A⚗஺64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Horstmannthinksit'scooltocointheterm“MonaLisaeffect”.B.TheMonaLisaeffectcontributestothecreationofartificialintelligence.C.FeelingbeinggazedatbyMonaLisamaybecausedbythedesireforattention.D.Thepositionoftherulerintheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers'judgment.ூiᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃l⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷qᨬ²s0It'spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.d>#$ᨵ_BḄ`a]^Ḅ>ᡠcd$'(᝕#ᙠBd$஺]u>ℳ+,-_BḄ³´]^ᵫ¶¬B·¸Ḅ¹aº»Ḅ஺ᦑ⌱C⚗஺DImovedtothePhoenixareainmyearlytwenties,andtoexpandmysociallifeIjoinedayoungadultgroupatachurch.BecauseIlovemusic,Istartedsinginginthechoirᔠᖛ¾>whereImetLisa.Wewereaboutthesameage.Findingpeoplewithsimilarinterestshelpedreducemyfeelingsoflonelinessaftermovingtoanewcity.“Areyougoingtogoontheretreat☟À?”Lisaasked.Onceortwiceayear,theyoungadultgroupputonaretreat.Ihesitated.IhadlittleexperiencewithretreatsandIstillfeltlikeanoutsider."Comeon,^^Lisasaid."Everyonegoes.”"Okay."Iagreed.Afterall,somecuteguyswereinthegroup.Astheretreatweekendapproached,Ilearnedthatthethemewasforgiveness.Inmytwenties,theworldrevolvedÂÃaroundmeandwhatIwanted.And,asmostpeopledo,Ilearnedhowtobepleasantenoughwithoutgivinginandhavingtoapologizeanymorethannecessary.Inshort,theforgivenessthememademeuncomfortable.Iwouldattendtheretreat,butIplannedtositquietlyinthebackgroundandwatch.TheretreatwasheldatacampinPrescott,Arizona.Thefirstnightwegatheredinthecommonroomwherewealsoateourmeals.Accordingtotheplan,IfoundaspotinthebackwhereIcouldwatch,unnoticed.Theleadergotupandspokeaboutthehealingpowerofforgiveness.Hiswordsweretouching.t6Nowcomesthehardpart,“hesaid.4tIwanttoinviteyoutolookintoyourheartsandifyoufeelmovedtodoso,gotoapersonhereintheroomandasktobeforgivenforsomethingyou'vedone.^^Atthebeginning,therewastotalsilence.Washekidding?ThenLisastoodupandmadeherwaythroughthecrowdtowardme.Lisaplantedherfeetfirmlyinfrontofme."Kathleen,I'dliketoaskyourfbrgiveness.^^Ishookmy

32head.Thennodded,notsurehowtorespond.Ifelttheheatriseintomycheeks.Icouldhardlybreatheknowingthateveryonecouldhearandseeallthis.IhadnoideawhatIwasforgivingherfor.Iwantedhertojustgoaway.“Ihavebeenangryathoweasilyyoujoinedourgroup.Eventhoughyoubecamemyfriendwhenweworkedonmusictogether,Istillthoughtyouweredoingitforyourself.TveheldthatagainstyouandI'msorry.""It'sokay,^^Ichokedout.Stunned,Istoodup,gaveheranawkwardhugandthensatbackdown.Lisaturnedandwentbacktoherseat.Lisa'sbraverybroketheiceandeveryonestartedtoaskforgivenessforvariousinjuries,somebig,somesmall.Theworldbegantochangeforme.IlearnedempathythedaythatLisaaskedmyforgiveness.IhadreadToKillaMockingbirdbyHarperLeeseveraltimes.ButIrealizedthatIhadneverunderstoodthemessageAtticusFinchtaughthischildren:"Youneverreallyknowamanuntilyoustandinhisshoesandwalkaroundinthem."Throughtheyearsmyfriendshipswerebetter,strongeranddeeper.Iapologizedandforgavequickly.Lisaallowedmethegiftoffriendshipbecauseherexampletaughtmetoforgive.ூ௃ÄᦻÅÆᦻ>!"ᙠ☟ÀÇ¥>ὅḄÉÊ,-Ḅ⍝Ì᝛ÍQ"ÎÏ஺65.heauthorjoinedtheadultgroupbecauseshewantedto.A.haveabettersociallifeB.practicesingingwithherfriendsC.learntheimportanceofforgivenessD.gettoknowmoreaboutherneighborsூiᫀ௃AÐ᪆Ñl⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷qrs0Ḅ"andtoexpandmysociallifeIjoinedayoungadultgroupatachurch.^^]u>("᡽ÓᡃḄÕÖ×>ᡃØᐭ";ᦟᚪḄ☘ÝÞß>ᦑA⚗àZ஺66.hichofthefollowingcandescribethewriterbeforesheattendedtheretreat?A.Self-confident.B.Dishonest.C.Responsible.D.Self-centered.ூiᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃ᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷qrás0Ḅ“Inmytwenties,theworldrevolvedÂÃaroundmeandwhatIwanted."]u>ᡃᓝyãḄä᎛>æçèéḼᡃᡃê⌕ḄëìÃ>í᜜î·>ᙠïØ☟ÀÇîð>ὅcñᡃ(0òḄ>ᦑD⚗àZ஺67.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Thewriterdidn'twanttojointheretreatatfirst.B.ThewriterthoughtLisashouldsaysorrytoher.C.Thewriterthoughttheleaderoftheretreatwasfunny.D.ThewriterknewLisabeforeshemovedtothenewcity.ூiᫀ௃A

33ூ᪆௃l⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷qrs0Ḅ“Ihesitated.IhadlittleexperiencewithretreatsandIstillfeltlikeanoutsider."]u>,-óᡃïYïØ☟ÀÇäᡃôõ"ö>ᡃ÷@øᨵ☟ÀḄùú>´ûñü;ý᜜#>ᵫþ]u>ὅÿ
☟ᦑA⚗஺68.ordingtoParagraph5,howdidthewriterfeelwhenLisaaskedforforgiveness?A.Scared.B.Curious.C.Stressed.D.Satisfied.ூᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃ᳮᑨ⚪஺᪷Ḅ“Ishookmyhead.Thennodded,notsurehowtorespond.1felttheheatriseintomycheeks.Icouldhardlybreathe”!"#$%&'(ᡃḄ*+,-ᡃ᤯᤯ᜮᯠ1233ᜮ"⍝5678ᡃ9ᑮ;<=Ὴ?@ABCDEᔾG•IᑡḄKLM⊤OPᑏ⊤RLὅ$,TUVᦑC⚗஺69.WhatdidLisaapologizetothewriterfor?AThatshemadethewriterfeellonely.B.Thatshewasenviousofthewriter.C.Thatsheoncetookadvantageofthewriter.D.Thatsherefusedtomakefriendswiththewriter.ூᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃W⁚ᳮ⚪஺᪷᎔ᦪ[Ḅ“Ihavebeenangryathoweasilyyoujoinedourgroup.Eventhoughyoubecamemyfriendwhenweworkedonmusictogether,Istillthoughtyouweredoingitforyourself,rveheldthatagainstyouandI'msorry.”!"%&\]“ᡃT_<`G7a᧕cᐭeᡃfḄghijᡃf•kᙠᔠᖛoᖛp,`ᡂeᡃḄrstᡃuᯠvw`G7xywez{ᡃ•|}~`ᡃT”ᵫ!"%&wz{ᝨLὅ⍝ᦑB⚗஺7O.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“standinhisshoes^^probablymeaninthelastparagraph?A.trytoapologizeandforgiveothersB.gettoknowpeople'struefaceC.valuethefriendshipwithothersD.placeoneselfinothers'positionூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃⚪஺᪷1Ḅ“Throughtheyearsmyfriendshipswerebetter,strongeranddeeper.Iapologizedandforgavequickly.Lisaallowedmethegiftoffriendshipbecauseherexampletaughtmetofbrgive.”!"GᩭᡃfḄsᩭᩭᱞᩭᡃTcᔣ%&⍝
*+e᝛%&eᡃsḄᱥw᝛ᦟeᡃ*+G\RLὅ¡ᙠ%&Ḅ¢£¤¥¦⚪ᨬ¨e
*+e᝛©ª«¬᜻ᦟ¯°fḄ⍝ᳮy]±ᨵ¡ᙠ³´Ḅ¢£?µ¶·e¸¹´ᵫ!"Ḅº»y“¡ᙠ³´Ḅ¢£?”ᦑD⚗஺¼½ᑖ¿ÀÁ▅Ã#ᐳ10Å⚪ÆÇÅ⚪1ᑖÈᑖ10ᑖ-'v·▅ÃÉᑡÊᦻ
᪷ᡠÃᑁaᙠᦻÎ1⊤ÏḄÐÏÑÒᐭÓ¹ᨬា$Ḅᓫ஺

34׺]'Øᫀᑏᙠ⚪ᓱ?ÚÛ⚪ÜḄÝ?஺ǹÐϱÒÓ¹ᓫ஺Reputationofthecorporatekindisa"strategicasset#Þß-“thatcanbeemployedtogain“'competitiveadvantage”,a^safetybuffer#àá-''thatcanbecalledupontoprotectyouagainst“negativenews”.TheReputationInstitutehasofficesin30countries.Plentyofotherorganizationsofferfirmsadviceonimprovingtheirreputations,suchasPerceptionPartnersintheUnitedStatesorspecializeddivisionswithinmanybigconsultancies.Andarapidlygrowingnumberofconsultancies,likeReputationDefender,givepeopleadviceonmanagingtheirreputationsonline.Forexample,theyoffertipsonhowtopushpositiveitemsuptheGooglerankingandneutralize#ãä-negativeones.It'seasytoseewhysomanybossesaresucheagerconsumersofthiskindofadvice.Themarketvalueofcompaniesisincreasinglydeterminedbythethingsyoucannottouch:theirbrandsandtheirintellectualcapital,forexample,ratherthantheirfactoriesorfleetsoftrucks.Non-GovernmentalOrganizationsNGOs
canturnonacompanyinaninstantandaccuseitofracismorcrimesagainsttheenvironment.CustomerscantrashitsproductsonTwitter.CorporategiantssuchasToyotaandBPhaveseentheirreputationscollapseintheblinkofaneye.Nevertheless,there9rethreeobjectionstothereputation-managementindustry.Thefirstisthatitconflates#åᔠ-manydifferentthings-fromthequalityofacompany'sproductstoitsrelationshipwithNGOs-intoasinglenotionof“reputation'”.Italsoseemstobedividedbetweenpublic-relationsspecialistswhowanttoputthebestpossibleinformationonthenews
andcorporate-social-responsibilitytypeswhowantthecompanytoimprovetheworldandbethankedforit
.Thesecondobjectionisthattheindustrydependsonanaive#ᜩ·Ḅ-viewofthepowerofreputation:thatcompanieswithpositivereputationswillfinditeasiertoattractcustomersandsurvivecrises.It?snothardtothinkofcounter-examples.Tobaccocompaniesmakevastprofitsdespitetheirawfulreputations.EverybodystronglycriticizesRyanairforitsbadserviceandtheDailyMailforitsmean-spiritedjournalism.Butbothfirmsarehighlysuccessful.Thebiggestproblemwiththereputationindustry,however,isthatthewaytodealwithpotentialthreatstoyourreputationistoworkharderatmanagingyourreputation.Theoppositeismorelikely:thebeststrategymaybetothinklessaboutmanagingyourreputationandconcentratemoreonproducingthebestproductsandservicesyoucan.Manysuccessfulcompanies,suchasAmazon,CostcoSouthwestAirlinesandZappos,havebeennotablefortheirintensefocusontheirbusinesses,notfortheirfancymarketing.Ifyoudoyourjobwell,customerswillsaynicethingsaboutyouandyourproducts.

35What'sinaname?♦Companiescanget(71)AincompetitionthroughtheuseofValuesofmanagingreputationstrategiestomanagereputation.♦Positivereputationstendtoreducetheinfluenceofnegativenews.♦Manyorganizationsprovidecompanieswithadviceonhowto(72)Auptheirreputations.Popularityofconsultancies♦Onlinereputation-managementconsultanciesareonthesharp(73)_▲_.Reasonsforbossesbeingeager♦Themarketvalueofcompaniesincreasingly(74)Aonuntouchableforadviceaboutmanagingthings.reputation♦Reputationisgettingeven(75)Atomanage.♦Itisa(n)(77)▲oftoomanythings,anditseemsthatopinionsaboutitare(78)Abetweenpublic-relationsandcorporate-social-responsibilityspecialists.(76)▲tothe♦Thereputation-managementindustrynaively(79)Athesuccessofreputation-managementacompanytoitspositivereputation.industry♦Thereputationindustrywronglythinksthatthestrategytohandlepotentialthreatstoacompanyisto(8Q)Amoreonitsreputationinsteadofitsproductqualityandservices.ூçèÃ௃GyÓèéêᦻ஺ëᙠìíjᳮîï᝞ñ1᧡óÓôõëᙠᐰ÷ᔜᙢúfᦟîïM¹´᝞ûjᳮz{üí஺tGýüíjᳮ·Ḅ!þᔩ
ᦻ஺71.ூᫀ௃advantage(s)᪆ᣚ⚪஺᪷!ḄReputationofthecorporatekindisa"strategicasset($%)”thatcanbeemployedtogain"competitiveadvantage”,()*+Ḅ,-.“ᡊᶍ$%"(3ᵨᩭ6789:;஺ᦑ=advantage(s)஺72.ூᫀ௃polishூ᪆௃ᣚ⚪஺᪷>!ḄPlentyofotherorganizationsofferfirmsadviceonimprovingtheirreputations()?@ᐸBC᪵ḄEFG*+HᦋJḄK஺ᓽMNOḄP,QR┶TU

36V,ᦑ=polisho73.ூᫀ௃increase/riseூXY᪆௃ᣚ⚪஺᪷>!ḄAndarapidlygrowingnumberofconsultancies,likeReputationDefender,givepeopleadviceonmanagingtheirreputationsonline.Z[ᩭ[@\“P-]^”C᪵Ḅ_`*+ᙠbcdOHeᳮNO,-ḄK஺g()hiP-Ḅ_`*+jᙠklmn஺ᦑ=increase/riseo74.ூᫀ௃depends/relies᪆ᣚ⚪஺᪷!ḄThemarketvalueofcompaniesisincreasinglydeterminedbythethingsyoucannottouch:theirbrandsandtheirintellectualcapital,forexample,ratherthantheirfactoriesorfleetsoftrucks4*+Ḅopqr[ᩭ[stuvwxyḄz{|}᝞NOḄ$k.NOḄᔆg()*+Ḅopqr[ᩭ[☠vwxyḄz{஺ᦑ=depends/relieso75.ூᫀ௃harderூ᪆௃ᭆ⚪஺᪷!ḄNon-GovernmentalOrganizationsNGOs
canturnonacompanyinaninstantandaccuseitofracismorcrimesagainsttheenvironment.CustomerscantrashitsproductsonTwitter.CorporategiantssuchasToyotaandBPhaveseentheirreputationscollapseintheblinkofaneye.ZEF(3ᙠᢣ*+ᡈὅ
᛻஺¡(3ᙠ¢ᱯTᔢ¥%஺¦ᜮ*+}᝞¨ᵪªX«¬*+Ḅ,-ᙠḰ®¯°ᓟ²g()³ᙠ*+Ḅ,-´7[ᩭ[µeᳮ஺ᦑ=harder஺76.ூᫀ௃Objections᪆௃ᭆ⚪஺᪷¶!ḄNevertheless,there9rethreeobjectionstothereputation-managementindustry.Zᯠ
u,-eᳮᨵ஺gy¹ᦻᑁ»()¹ᦻ⌕▰¾
,-eᳮḄ஺ᦑ=Objections஺77.ூᫀ௃combinationூ᪆௃ᣚ⚪஺᪷¶!ḄThefirstisthatitconflatesZ¿ᔠgmanydifferentthings-fromthequalityofacompany'sproductstoitsrelationshipwithNGOs-intoasinglenotionof“reputation”.✌ᐜ,BÃÄ@kÅḄz{¿ᔠᡂᓫḄᭆÈ“,-”——Ê*+%ḄËÌᑮEFḄᐵÏg().ÐG,-.Ä@z{ḄÑᔠ஺ᦑ=combination஺78.ூᫀ௃dividedூ᪆௃ÒÓ⚪஺᪷¶!ḄItalsoseemstobedividedbetweenpublic-relationsspecialistsandcorporate-social-responsibilitytypes()P-ÔÕÖᑖᡂ*ᐳᐵÏÙÚÛÜÝÞßà

37áâ஺ᵫareᑨlᜐ.Öæç᝱ᦑ=divided஺79.ூᫀ௃owes/atlributes/creditsூ᪆௃ᣚ⚪஺᪷᎔ᦪ>!ḄThesecondobjectionisthattheindustrydependsonanaiveZᜩìḄgviewofthepowerofreputation:thatcompanieswithpositivereputationswillfinditeasiertoattractcustomersandsurvivecrises.Z>.P-*+☠ᜩìḄíî----P-Ìᓽ*+ᐹᨵñ᩽Ḅ,-ÛQ»᧕ᔾõ¡ᙠᓻ÷øùúg()P-*+ûÞßḄᡂüᜩìᙢþüuBñ᩽ḄP,஺ᜐὃ
“……”ᦑowes/attributes/credits஺80.ூᫀ௃concentrate/focusூ᪆௃ᭆ⚪஺᪷ᨬḄThebiggestproblemwiththereputationindustry,however,isthatthewaytodealwithpotentialthreatstoyourreputationistoworkharderatmanagingyourreputation.ᯠ!"#$%&ᨬᜧḄ(⚪)"*+#$(⚪Ḅ,ᙠ./)012ᙢ4ᳮ67Ḅ#$89:"#$%&;<=#$>?(⚪@"*A0BCDE24ᳮ#$஺Fᜐὃ
“CDᙠ……I”஺ᦑconcentrate/focus«JKLᑖNO☢⊤RSᑖ25ᑖ881.U▅WX☢ᦻZ"[ᢥ᯿⌕_ᵨaᑏc150defḄᦻg஺Makingsenseofwhataneducationmeanstoyouandunderstandingwhatmotivatesyouinlearninginvolveassessingyourpreferencesandmakingchoices.Asyourchoicesareinfluencedbyyourattitudetowardslearning,itisthereforeimportanttoadoptapositiveattitudetoenableyoutostaymotivatedtowardsyourstudiesandrespondfavorabletoyourlearningexperiences.Justlikemotivation,apositivelearningattitudeisdifficulttodevelopandmaintain.However,itispossibleifyoucommityourselftothinkingandactingpositively.Forexample,maintainingaqualityofopennesswouldallowyoutoseethingsbeyondyourexistingparadigmsi8"inspireyoutocelebratethejoysoflearning,andmostimportantofall,empoweryoutotakecontrolofyourlearning.Slayingmotivatedinyourstudiesrequiresaclearpurposeandpositivelearningattitude.Itisaconsciouschoicethatyouhavetomake.Byspendingtimereflectinguponwhathavebeendiscussedabove,youcanfindaperspectiveonlearningthatwouldgiveyoufulfillmentandpleasureinyourexperiences.Thechoiceisyours.ூᑏjᑁl௃1.ᵨm30ndᭆI☢ᦻZᑁlo2.pq᝱stuvwᡃyḄpqᡂ{"|vwḼᡃyḄ~ᩭ஺Uᵨ120nᓫdp*A᪵67᩽Ḅpq᝱s஺

38ூᑏj⌕_௃1.ᑏjDtᵨᦻo2.jᦻDt>?p᪥o3.tᑏ᪗⚪஺ூᑖ᪗௃ᑁl᦮""c¡¢"dᦪ〉=஺ூ¥ὃᫀ௃Developingapositiveattitudetowardslearningisofgreatsignificance,thoughitisdifficulttobuild.Inaddition,aclearpurposeandpositivelearningattitudewillhelpusstaymotivatedinourstudies.AsfarasI'mconcerned,tobuildapositiveattitudetowardslearning,firstly,weshouldreviewourmotivation.Ourmotivationtolearnisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingourattitudetolearning,solet'sstartwithit.Secondly,cultivatingself-disciplineiscriticalaswell.Self-disciplineisavitalcomponentoftherightattitudetolearning,whichisawayofapproachingchallenges,tasksandgoalsinapositive,constructivemanner.Thirdly,fallintoafewlearning-supportinghabits,suchasastudyroutineandanexerciseroutine.Besides,ifwealwayssurroundourselveswithpeopleandstoriesofsuccess,wewilldevelopourpositiveattitudetowardslearninggradually.Onlyinthiswaycanwecultivatepositivelearningattitudeandimproveourlearningefficiencyandperformance.