《热学》(李椿_章立源_高教版)_课后答案

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242-4$%&2500cm'Ḅ~ᑁᨵ1.0x10XᑖZ:ᨵ4.0x10Xᑖ3.3x10gḄK஺]ᔠKLḄs9&150ᓃ,ᔠKLḄOP஺[\᪷bᔠKLḄOPfgᨵPV=(NW+NK+NK)KTᐸḄ᱐ḄᑖZXᦪ\M]3.3x10-ioN^=——N()=x6.023x1013=4.97xIO15(X)r401.38x10-23x42315------------------------=r±^3x10-2PaAP=(1.0+4.0+4.97)10•2500=1.75x10-4mmHg2-5#$ᘤᑁᨵK:ᐸOPP=1.0atm,s9&t=27࠷,(1)ᓫL%ᑁḄᑖZᦪ:(2)KḄ9(3)ᑖZḄq(4)ᑖZḄᙳ(5)ᑖZḄᙳ஺[\পp=nKTPl.Ox1.013x105n====^45'7r+d7!5TnT-KT1.38x10-23x300P1x32M(2)P=——=--------------------=1.30g/IRT0.082x300pl.3xIO3(3)mx=5.3x10-23g-25n2.45x10(4)]ᑖZḄᙳ&d,;ᑖZᡂ&d/2Ḅᳫ:XᑖZḄL%70஺4d3ᐔ3Vo=F()=-d326j.28x10-7cm1.44x10

255¡ᑖZḄᙳ£&:3316x(273+27)=6.21x10…(¤¥)-KT=1.T8x10222-6ᙠ¦s§¨᝞27࠷¡,KLᑖZḄᙳª«VWev?ᙠV8Ḅs9§:KLᑖZḄᙳª«1000ev?-21[\1¡£¯33-23x300=6.21x10(J)-KT=1.T8x1022VleV=1.6xlOJ-6.21x10-2i_2A£==3.88X10------(ev)1.6x10-192e2x103X1,6x1019(2)T=^Tr7x-------------------233K3x1,38x102-7-᥅¤KK:ᐸᑖZ²³Ḅ´&3.75x10J,KḄs9஺\[:E38=-=K1^NA22E2x3.75x1032E_=301K.\T=3R3x8.313KN2-8q&lOKgḄK:¸OP&l.Oatm,L%&7700cm¼:᛻ᑖZḄᙳVW¾[\T=y¿”r83_MRJt2Â3KPV.C#—2MR--243PVM3x1.013x104K7700K28--------------=^5.4x102MNo2x10x6.022x10232-9q&50.0g,s9&18.0°CḄKÈᙠ$%&10.0LḄÉÊ$ᘤᑁ:$ᘤuv=200m/sḄÌ᳛ÎᒴÌÐѳ஺M$ᘤÒᯠ☟Õ:Öᔣ³ḄᐰÙÚᓄ

26&ᑖZ²³Ḅ:ᑣ⊝NÝKḄs9OP;ᔜQᜧVW¾[\ᵫ«$ᘤuÌ᳛VÎÖᔣ³¼:#XᑖZáᐹᨵÖᔣ³:ᐸª«1-mv2,¸$ᘤãÕ³¼:ᑖZÖᔣ³Ḅ;Úᓄ&ᑖZ²³Ḅ2313———q:XᑖZḄᙳ²³qᑣ&KT=mv2+KTi222piv2mv2=T2—Ti=3K3R•AT=4x10-3X4X104==6.42Kl&$ᘤᑁ⚞åæÖ:ᡠuP2Pp-P1AP-----=-------------------T2TIT2-TIAT᝞nPlM“P=—AT,èᵫPiV=RTTWé\Pi="_RT"VMRATO.05x0.082x6.42•'•P=------------------------------------------------=6.58x10=(atm),^V4xlOx102-10ᨵêXëì:íî§ᑡðñòóôõ<öḄ÷ᙳ᪷Ì᳛:(1)êXḄÌ᳛ᙳ&10m/s(2)øXḄÌ᳛&5m/s,ùøXḄ&10m/s(3)øX☟Õ:ùøXḄÌ᳛&10m/s஺[\(1)=J6X6°=10m/S

272-11íôõúKஹKüýKᑖZḄ÷ᙳ᪷Ì᳛.:]KLḄs9&300K,-þúKஹKüýKḄᑖZqᑖÿ2.02ஹ32஺201஺[:3x3.81x300.--------------_^37x105=1.9xlOsm/s=32.02X103x8.31x300=4.83x102m/s-332x103x8.31x300-----------------------=1.93x102m/s-3201x102-12ḄT=273K,P=1.00x10atm,p=1.29xl0gপᑖḄᙳ᪷᳛஺ফ:m=28.92-13ᑖᑖḄᙳ᪷᳛ᙠᨴᳫ⊤☢%Ḅ⌫⍎᳛(ᔜ◤+,Ḅ-.ᙠᙢᳫ⊤☢Ḅ⌫⍎᳛V3J2gR0=J2X9.8X6370X103m1.12x10«m/sᙠᨴᳫ⊤☢Ḅ⌫⍎᳛J2gᨴR”=J2x0.17gᙢx0.27RᙢVᨴ⍎3=-^2x0.17x9.8x0.27x6.370x105=2,4x10?m/s4᪷5

28J1V2AT=3R6=1.12x104m/s7(ᑣᐸH2•Vᙢ⍎22(2x10-3X1.12xTH=--------------------------10773R;18•=xlO'K02Vᙢ⍎2(32X10-3X1.12x2TO2=--------------------------10T^3R>?.Ẇ105K6BC=2.4xl(hm/s7-3(1H2v%2x102(x2.4x10Th2=3R775=4.6xIO2K3x8.31|1O2Vᨴ⍎22(32x103x2.4xT()2=------------------------------10T73R3ᐵ».᝕10G2-14HIJᘤ(LMN1.0m,ᐸOPᨵ᪗ST᝱VḄ(WXYJᘤHZL[\ᑮḄᑖ^_Ḅ`ᦪ஺bᑖḄcᙳ᳛ᙳ᪷᳛Ḅdefghᶍ஺8.3x273.ᢥ⚪bv=-----------------=461l/[32x10ab᪗ST᝱VᓫoJᘤᑁḄᑖᦪn,qJᘤᑁḄᑖᢥᑖr(ὃ⇋v,Ḅuir஺vᓫowᑁᐹᨵv.Ḅᑖᦪm,ᙠ7yᑁzdAᘤZ{^Ḅᑖᦪn,-v

29ᓽDᙠ᪗ST᝱Vn=2.69xl0mc“s/3x8.81x273D=x2.69x1025x)_32x10)=3.58x1027(si)2-15YᑖL[z1.0cmᜋ{^Ḅ`ᦪ(Ḅ300K,l.Oatm,cᙳᑖ~29஺bᑖḄcᙳ᳛ᙳ᪷᳛Ḅdefghᶍ஺2-16•¡JᘤOPᨵ¢£⛳¥¦(¢Ḅ100࠷,l.Oatm,ᙠ¨©T᝱VLª¢¦ᡠᓰḄw1670cm,3¢Ḅ¦ᓄ2250J/g°1±LIᔖl¢¦O³ᨵ+´µᑖ-°2±L[ᨵ+´µ¢¦ᑖ^ᑮ¢☢%-°3±bᡠᨵ^ᑮ¢☢%Ḅ¢¦ᑖ¶·¸¢(ᑣL[ᨵ+´ᑖ¹¢O⍎º-°4±Wq¢¦ᑖḄcᙳ¼½zLµ¢ᑖ⍎ºᡠ◤½~{¾¿஺.°1±Lµ¢¦ᑖḄÀ~.m=2LNoLcn?¢¦ḄÀ~M=LVn=_N°±MᑣLcn?¢¦ᡠ³Ḅᑖᦪ=2x^20m-3¨zL[z1cmᘤZ{^ḄᑖᦪÆ{Ç஺°2±fÈÉlL[z1cm¢☢{^ḄᑖᦪD,ᙠ⛳T᝱nÊË஺

30=4.15x1023(µ)
36¥¦Ì⛳7(L[¹¢☢⍎ºḄᑖᦪzÍ=¢☢Ḅᑖᦪ{஺°4ᑖḄcᙳ¼½Î7.72x10஺±Lµᑖ⍎ºᡠ◤Ḅ½~2LÎ6.73x1070°)E=Lm=2250xNoÑÒ᧕ÔEÈ(ᓽᑖ⍎ºᡠ◤½~⌕ᜧᑖcᙳc¼½஺2-176×zᐸ⛳¥ᐳÙ7(ᓄ᳛·¸᳛{(bᡠᨵ^ᑮ×☢%Ḅ¥ᑖ¶ÚᎷÜ6Ý×☢%Ḅ¥ᑖÞßà7×Ḅᓄ᳛zÙᙠ⛳¥½·¸×,”7Ḅᓄ᳛{Ç஺¢âᙠ7Ḅ⛳¥1.85x10mmHg,¦ᓄ80.5cal/g,ãL[äåLcᔖl×Òᨵ+´ª¢âᔣæOᓄ஺.᪷5⚪ç(ᓄ᳛·¸᳛{6P=1.85x10mmHg-42=2.47x10NmᓄḄᑖᦪ=×ᓄḄᑖᦪ=^ᑮ×☢ḄᑖᦪN,ᵫu14⚪¸éf.=3.49x10u°µ±ᑣL[äå1cm,×☢ᔣæᓄḄ¢âÀ~M=mN=2LN=201x3.49x1014N஺6.022x1023=1.16x10J(g)bbH᥅ìᑖw2-18í,ïðὡòóOḄôᦪb=0.031831mol,õḄö÷(WXYᑖḄøù஺.b=4No-Z?ߟᐔ2Î2.93x10t(□”)2.93x10-஺ü)

312-19Ý᪗ST᝱V224ᓣḄþÊÿ
ḄᓣḄᑖᑖḄ஺ᵫᑖᡠ!"Ḅᑁ$%&'ᢸḼ'*+᣸ᑡḄ2wb=0O39131mol.!ᜧ?<=>?ABὡDEFGḄHᦪa=1.390atm.1mol$LMᙠ᪗PQ᝱S2241Ḅ?lOmolḄ?ᡠUVW
?ᑣᐸ10b,ᓽ0.39131,ᑖ&Md=777=3.14x10r(cm)ᑁ$Pd—39-----------g907.8atm=2iM᥅kl▭nopqᵨ
(ᓽ$s▲ᜧ)?ᑖVvw'ᢸ'Ḅ*+᣸ᑡxy?Vwᑖz{ᡠᨵ}~ywbo2-20EᘤḄ&V,ᐸGᨵ᥅k?஺ᑖ&dḄᑖ''ᙢᐭᘤḄM(1)'ᑖᐭᘤᐸGwᵫḄᜧ(2)'ᑖᐭᘤᐸGwᵫḄᜧ(3)NA'ᑖᐭᘤᐸGwᵫḄᜧ(4)ᙳᙢ'ᑖḄGwᵫḄᜧᵫABὡDEFGḄᦋb%¡᥅k?ᡠᨵᑖ¢~Ḅ£¤஺LMᎷ¦§ᑖ¨©Gª&d,ᑖ«&dḄ¬ᳫ®ᶍᘤ°>ᑖḄᵨ஺J(1)ᘤ£²³&L,PJiJV=L,'ᑖᐭᘤᐸᑖG¶ᘤ°Ḅª·¸¹ᒹᡠUḄGᵫḄV=(L-d)஺TḄGᵫ¸V,¼½'ᑖḄ᣸¾ᳫ(2)'ᑖᐭ,ᓽMV2=V,-±2Ttd(3)N,ஹ'ᑖÂᐸGwᵫḄMVA=V|-(N-1)±2Aᐔd(4)ᙳᙢ'ᑖḄÆwᵫḄ&MÇ_414-1)±{Vi+(Vi-7id3)+(Vi-2-nd3)+IVi-(NAᐔd]}33NA314=-1)]}{NAVI-ᐔÍ[1+2+3+....+(N3NA.=VI-±3N-1Aᐔd23x&LNd,N21,ᡠUA

32V-=v-_N4___-4d_Ttd3-A=V-4NAᐔ()3&VḄÒᑁᨵN,\'ᑖᓽᘤᑁᨵÔᩩ?ᢥ×bḄ¦Ø'ᑖᵫV^V-b,¶Ú☢ÜÝÞß᧕áMb=4N•"_A7C()3ᓽ×bä?ᡠᨵᑖ¢~Ḅ£¤஺

33gå?ᑖæçè᳛~wḄêᑖëì3-1ᨵíîᢥè᳛ᑖë᝞ð:îᦪNi24682è᳛Vi(m/s)1.002.003.004.005.00ö(1)ᙳè᳛V÷(2)Eᙳ᪷è᳛Vᨬvúè᳛Vp(3)LM(1)ᙳè᳛M_2x1.00+4x2.00+6x3.00+8x4.00+2x5.00V=_____________________________________________________________=3.18(m/s)2+4+6+8+2(2)Eᙳ᪷è᳛.37(m/s)3-2300KýᑖḄᨬvúè᳛ஹᙳè᳛~Eᙳ᪷è᳛஺LþM"2RT/-2--x--8-.-3-1--x--3-0--01m/s3-3ᑖḄᨬ᳛Ḅ100Kஹ1000K"10000K஺2RT$%VP=-----&ᐭᦪ)ᑣᑖ+:T=100K.Vp=2.28xlOzm/sT=1000K.Vp=7.21x102m/sT=10000K.VP=2.28X103m/s

343-4678ᑖᙠTi.Ḅ;ᙳ᪷᳛>?T,.ḄAᙳ᳛BTTi஺3-5B0࠷.l.OcmsFG᳛ᙠ500m/sᑮ501m/sIJḄᑖᦪ(ᙠGLdvOPᙢRSv=1m/s)$%l.OcmsFGᑖᦪN,᳛ᙠ500~501m/sIJᑁḄᑖᦪAN,ᵫZ[᳛ᑖ\]%3v2m2-AV11KiSN=N•4ᐔ()e-V2KKT2KTVp2=——&ᐭbcm4Nஹt1VSN=----Vv—P-?eVPg500ᑮ501hijkᦑᙠm᳛nJRᑖ᳛V=500m/s,2x8.31x273oVp=---------------=402m/sSv=lm/s-328x10v'=1.24)&ᐭq%ANn1.86x10-NtvP3-6FḄ300࠷,B᳛ᙠ3000m/suIw3010m/sIJḄᑖᦪANix᳛ᙠ1500m/sᑮ1510m/sIJḄᑖᦪAN?Iy஺$%Rᑖ᳛V=3000m/sV2=1500m/s,SVi=AV2=10m/s

35ᵫ5⚪{|q:Vl2-(V)-P(Fe-AN/AN2=VnVl2-(V)—P(L,2x8.31x573ᐸGVP=2ஹ3ஹ4ᑭᵨ16⚪:Vi2dN=N[erf(Xi)-xie*02xie-,MANi=N[erf(X2)-----xie-]-N[erf(xi)-x2J_e-]N2=N[erf(x4)-——x4e-x]-N[erf(x3)-X3x(2)5

36ᐸGVp=2RT=2.182x103m/sVNViV஺XI=X2=__~-1,375=1.379VPVPX3=V3V4X4="-0.687=0.6722VPVPiᦪ⊤q:erf(xi)=0.9482erf(x)=0.94892erf(X3)=0.6687erf(X4)=0.6722Lᦪ&ᐭ(1)(2)Bq%ஹANi—=H).7O3AN23-7ᑡ7B8ᑖᦪᓰ¢ᑖᦪḄy᳛%(1)᳛ᙠnJvpl.Ovplᑁ(2)ᑖ£VஹᙠnJVp~1.0vplᑁ(3)ᑖ£VpஹVpஹVp¤.ᙠnJVp~1.0vplᑁ$%8ᑖ¢ᦪN,ᙠ¥7Ḅᑖᦪᑖ+a஺ஹAN.AN.2(1)ᵫZ[᳛ᑖ\]%N=JdN=ViViVVV2=1.01v,\=Vp,Xi=----I,--------—1P,¨UXl=1=1,X2=2=1.01,ᑭᵨ16VpVpVp⚪q¦ANi22c/ஹ22____x2e-x2-err(xi)+____xie-x.-(x2)-FFNiᦪ⊤%erf(xi)=0.8427erf(x)=0.84682ANirfr.008N(2)§Z[᳛ᑖ\]%

37v-iedNPAANANVx2Vexp[-(x)2jd(x)-)]d(x)NVpVpVxVVX=Xi=I=1$X2=2=1.01VpVpVpAN2dx-Nᑭᵨiᦪ:2fXzx1erf(x)=____exp(-x2)dxk஺AN21---------[erf(x2)-erf(xτ)N21=0.8468-0.8427]=0.21%2(3)x—,&,ᵫZ[ᑖ\]q%Vp22Vx+V2+Vzy____!____V-3Cp•dvXdvydvzdN3_ᐔF23-XIAN313X2-X2f=()[Jedx-fedx=0=(0.002)3=0.8x10-8N3-8᪷)Zª«¬᳛ᑖ\ᦪ®¯Ḅ°±dN/dv²ᙶ᪗vµᙶ᪗¶1᥅¸ᙠ100K"400K.Ḅᑖ᳛ᑖ\¹º஺$%ᵫZ[᳛ᑖ\]q%dNm£m»-----=471N()ze_xio-------V227iKTdv

38Lᐔ=3.14,N=NA=6.02xl0T=10bKm=32xlO&ᐭbcqᑮ¼ᦪ%m-B=mA=47iNA()2e2KT2ᐔKT.dN-BV2V2(1)•~=Aedv½¾¿ÀÁ"ÂÃᑖ᪆Å⚪;ᡃÇÈÉ᝞ËÌ%ᵫZ[᳛ᑖ\]ᡃÇÍ⍝ᓫÐ᳛nJᑖ\ḄᑖᦪÑ᳛ḄÒᓄÔᯠᙠᨬ᳛ᜐR᩽ᜧØ᩽ᜧØ:VT=100K

39fTV)dv)eVdV=47t(2TIKTf(m2KTmV)=4it($:22nKT2KTm),(->e7tKTnV3-10»ÞᘤḄᘤàbáᨵ»ãä0.20mmḄkᙊæÞᘤçᨵ100࠷Ḅèé,Þᘤ᜜ëìᡂîïðÍèéᙠÙḄñòó0.28mmHog÷1øBÞᘤᑁèéñòᑖḄAᙳ᳛஺÷2øùk.ᨵ¯úªèéûkæ⍎Ãý8x8.31x3733.14ÿ201
10\$%প=1.98x102m/s2⍎ᑖᦪᜐḄᑖᦪᡠ!"#⍎Ḅᑖᦪ$%N=1tnv•s•dllPVᐸ,-!23ᘤ5ᓫ7☢9:Ḅᑖᦪs=ᐔ2nV<244KT1P—☢9t=3600s,ᦑN<-,GᐭᦪIJ:4KTN=4.05xl0TE19201x10-3——N=x4.05x10NA6.02x1023=1.35x10-2(g)3-11᝞R3-11,-SᘤT-◞VᑖᡂXYᑖᐸ,Z[Ḅ\]ᑖᦪ^_ᑖ`$piஹmஹdஹm஺XYᑖZ[Ḅf_ghijT஺᥅lmnogᙳ$qrs%᝞◞Vtᨵ-☢9$AḄᑣ!2wxḄZ[mn$:A(PI-P2)2KRT

40rs%{pi>p”wxḄᑖᦪ~j3☢9$AḄᘤ5:Ḅᑖᦪ஺1----#1ᑮ2Ḅᑖᦪ%N,=n!V—A-t41_#2ᑮ1Ḅᑖᦪ%N2=nzV”A-t4▭wxḄᑖᦪ%(#1ᑮ2)_1—AN=Ni—N2=At(niVi—n2V2)4t=12n=ߟ--,V=KTT1=T2=T1/8RTPRM=mAn==AmVᐔ|1-41KTKT)1M8(Pf,)-A4RT----A(PI-P)22ᐔRTP2>Pi,ᑣMVO,⊤ᑖ▭#2ᔣ1஺3-12ᨵNEᐸ᳛ᑖᦪ$dNf(v)==C(Vo)v)0)Ndvf(v)=0(v()(v)(1)᳛ᑖ஺(2)ᵫN3vo¡ᦪC஺(3)Ḅ¢ᙳ᳛஺£%(1)J(v)=C(vo>v)0)vb.f(v)=0(vo(v)J᳛ᑖ᝞R

41(2):Jf(v)dv=10r®rwof(v)dv=Ojcdv=1B|Jcvo=1c=J_vo,cஹ—98112C'(3)v=Jvf(v)dv=R3-13NEᎷªḄZ[ᑖᐸ᳛ᑖ᝞R3-13ᡠ(~v>v஺"ᦪ$«)஺(1)ᵫN3V஺a஺(2)᳛ᙠ1.5V஺®I¯2.0V஺°±Ḅᑖᦪ஺(3)ᑖḄ¢ᙳ᳛஺£%ᵫRJᑖḄ᳛ᑖᦪ%Va(஺ீV(V)0(V°ீVீ2V஺)(Vு2V)o(V)dvN=fNf(V)dV=fv0vaJo-dV0Volaஹ3=_____2+aVwk0-V()a2Vo22Na=3VT(2)᳛ᙠ1.5V஺ᑮ2.0V஺°±Ḅᑖᦪ

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47x=Vp-1()3/2=ÃᳮÅ:y=x=ফᑖÇḄ@C³F2=2==mx=ÃᳮF==ÅÈtªᑖḄ@ᙳC³ᢥ±ᵫ(ᙳᑖ>sKT.3-25£=mv2⊤tªᑖḄ@C³/᪷r¤¥¦§᳛ᑖ¨©ÊË@C³ᙠÌL££+ÏᑁḄᑖᦪᓰÇᑖᦪḄÒ᳛F³)d£=(KT)-3/2ee-UKTd£᪷rv0ᑖ@C³£ḄᨬÅÔ¬஺ÊËF(1)*.*f(v)dv=4fl()3/2*ev2v2dv=(KT)-3/2*(v2)l/2*e-mv2/2KT*d()*/£=mv2ᦑvÅᑏÖFF(e)de=(KT)-3/2*ee-e/KT-de(2)0£ᨬÅ׬ᓽ¯£)᩽ᜧ¬K7ÚḄ£¬஺=(KT)-3/2[£*e-E/KT(-)+e-•e-]=(KT)-3/2e-(e--e/KT)=Oe--e=0Fep=e=3-26'(270CK᥅ÜÝtᐹᨵÞß@CC³àÞß)CC³àEFÝtá2tªT=300Kâᨵãᙠ°@C±ᵫ(ä°)C±ᵫ(஺ᵫ³ᙳᑖåᳮFE=RT=X8.31X3(X)=3.74X103(J)

483-27ᙠæ'300Kâ᥅ᡲèÜé3᥅ÜêḄᑁ³ᔜÞßà¥é3¥êḄᑁ³ᔜÞßàEFU§[=RT=6.23x103(J)Uê=RT=6.23xlO3(J)ÅÈ᥅tªᑁ³ìᐸ±ᵫ((íNt=3,r=2,s=0)3'(ᨵᐵ஺¥Ý3¥êḄᑁ³:U=AUé===3.12xlO3(J)Uê===2.23x103஺)3-280ï'âðM=3.00gḄñ%tM=3.00gḄétḄòᔠtªḄåôÒ½E:#Cvl\Cv2ᑖõñ%t3étḄåôÒ½CvlஹCv2ᑖõñ%t3étḄåô᥅ܽô஺ᙠï'âÅ÷ᶍùC±ᵫ(ᑣᨵFCv1=R=3RCv1)==Cv2=R=2.5RCv2==Cv===(+)=5.9(J/gK)/329tªᑖḄðÅ?ᵫåôÒ½n¯ᩭ®üᵫåôÒ½_nᑖðḄuv஺#êḄåôÒ½Cv=75CalKg-lK”,0é2Ḅð3êḄ2.EF(1)᥅Üᱥðåô½ôF=ucv,Cv7ᳮþtªᩭÿCv=(t+r+2s)Rᑖm==•=(t+r+2s)R*=(t+r+2s)•(Cv=75cal/kg*k)(2)ᓫᑖᦑCv=R=3(Cal/moI*K)

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101r1K0213489627710876V.(I)0.30.40.5110100r.K931960976100910391041.7WXÞ⚪±²Ḅ⁚gḄ᝱cdஹf1.ᵫ´6·¸_ḄÚ⊤⁚23lcdFFÒḄß¿fWÔFÒḄ¹ᣚcd஺2.ᵫ´6·¸×Ḅ·¸⊤à1ஹ2Y#⁚23lcdWXÜáᯠc×⁚cd஺3.ᵫ´6_ḄÚ⊤⁚23lcdᓣäå?æT=0Ḅ·¸ç¹ᣚcd·¸6—18è_⚪à_⚪¬´ᩭ«G=ᐹᨵëìíîïçT஺_¹cd஺ðp#ña=1.35x100atm'mol,"b=39.6cimmol.ña=0.033x106atmcm6-mol2,ib=234mol,¯añ6-21eᨵ¡᥅Ḅ>òóôᐸcdÃõöᑖø24࠷ÃIbar,ù¹ᓄ24࠷×Ḅ⛳ÃóûḄᓄhüýïþÿᎷᳮᑭᵨ⚪ᦪ஺᝱ᑮ"᝱Ḅ⌮%&'()᝞+6-21,ᵫ./▭%&Ḅஹ2᝱3%4⌮%&5ᑮ678᝱92,28᝱ᑖ;91ஹ3஺ᐜᳮ⌮=>?@AB%&)ASiqAS=J*=x8.31In62KJkkgC⌮=>=BDE%&)FGHᙠ⚪)JFSq=Cln—CplnP

102.(1)L9S=Cln—Cpln+CMnP=Cpln-RinN(2)LDO5P6-24ᙠQRSᘤ6UV9m,>W9T1ḄXYDOUVḄZ>W9T2ḄXᙠB[H\XB]R9^ᦪCP஺_`ᔠbcᑮdḄe⊝᝱ghi᝱ᑮ"᝱jḄEᓄlmnop,4qrO>WXḄ`ᔠsr⌮%&tḄuEvᵨ4⌮%&wExYg5஺T1>T2,(zTKT2,{|N}~ᐵ)`ᔠbe⊝>WT_LmC(T1—T)=mCp(T—Ti)P•T=(T<+T)2>W9TIḄX☟᝱=BA>T,E9g==L=>W9T2ḄX☟᝱=Bᓣ>TE9AS2=ij=mCplnkᵫḄpឋnE9S=AS4-AS=mCp(ln4-In)=mCpln=mClnP2(Ti-T?)>0ᓽ1-2TE+t>0T+2TT+T2-4T.T>0ᵫ}5(TI+T2)2>4TITᡠvaS,஺ᵫXḄ`ᔠsᙠQRSᘤᑁᵫnopᳮ}%&sr⌮஺

1036-25ᵫ⚪15Ḅᦪ)᥅ḄᙠᜧB_>Wᵫ3(X)Kᓣᑮ1200KuḄEᓄ஺,¡¢£ஹ"᝱7Ḅ⌮=BᔾR%&)¥ḄEᓄ.⚪15Ḅᦪ¦ᐭᨵAS"=J©=JSdT=aIn4-b(1200-300)=3721316-26᝞+6—26,᥅ᳮª(Y=1.4)ᙠ8᝱1Ḅ«V9Vl=20L,Tl=300K“+61—39=>¬II9QR¬1-2Y4—3ᙳ9=B¬2-39=S¬®ᑖ;ᵨ¯ᩩ±²)4-Si(1)1—2—3(2)1—3(3)1—4—3,ᵫ⌮±²1—2—3gS-SiS,£=³´Cpln—Cvln=RIn=RIn=8.31In=5.76JK-)(2)ᵫ±²1—3gS3f="=£1·=£௃¹=5.76JKτᵫ1-49⌮QR%&ᨵnoᳮ\&-Si=0

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105ᙠMNDMᙠMPNᔾQ,ᙠDMQ2,᜜Ḅ!ᒹḄ☢ᓽ?@ᑣ☢MAPB☢PNBḄᔜDᙳ;%<=>?@,☢MAPB☢PNBᙳ;5<=>?@ᡠGQ-Q;5<=>?@஺6-28•L▭ᑴOPQR!SឤU9:UVᑖX;Ti=400K,T2=200K஺^QRᱥ`ᙠa•bcUᔾᦈ@;200cal,ᔣiU600calo(1)ᙠQRᱥ`klḄm%᜜nᑴOPRopqr<2)ᑴOPst■vUwQRᱥ`xḄyzᓄ(ASb)(3)᝞^ᑴOP;⌮Pst%vUwQRᱥ`Ḅyzᓄpqr(4)(3)Ḅ⌮ᑴOPᙠ•bcUᔾᦈ@;200cal,ᵨ(3)⌮ᑴOPḄQRᱥ`ᔣiUḄ@G᜜nᡠRḄ஺/(1)ᵫ%᜜nᑴOPRḄ;A=Qi-Q2=6(X)-2(M)=40()cal=1672J(2)s%1.Rᱥ`ᑮ᝱xz;¢UxziU£zASIBcUxzAS29w஺ᡠGs•vUwQRᱥ`ḄxḄyzᓄ;¥Sb=(3)4Q¦BU;%8;⌮Pᵫ£§¨©ᳮ«᦮Ḅy®z;¢஺ᓽ¥So=O(4)ᵫ(3)«!⌮PᓽQ`°iUḄ@஺(᜜nḄ;A=Qi'-Q2=400-2()0=20()cal=836J²³⊤µ.¶U6·,bcU¸6Ḅ@¹⌮ᑴOPºL▭ᑴOPᡠ◤Ḅ᜜q.

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108ᵫmஹnyஹmfM7ᐸᙶ᪗YZgᐰYZḄ┐ᵫjkGHᑖ<=€mno7EḄᡠᨵG<ḄPஹnyஹn,Ḅ7gᙠmஹrஹnzᙶ᪗YZR*uvḄwᳫᑁᓽye±EḄᡠᨵG<ḄPஹn»n,Ḅ7ᙠn*ஹn,n,ᙶ᪗YZᓰḄJK*&y1A,kᎷ=ᑁ,ᐸ=mEPஹnyஹnzᙶ᪗YZᑜᑖ**1ḄRJm᝞6-30bᡠᵫஹn>n,Ḅ7fM᦮ᦪ,yᑣ•ᑖ᝱Ḅ^⊤ᙠᙶ᪗YZᓰḄJKnᓫRJmḄJK.ᡠPᙠWWEᑁḄᦪ᝱ᦪ)*2)y£ᙠE-E+3E`ZḄᡠᨵG<Ḅmஹஹ“Ḅ7ᙠᙶ᪗YZᓰḄJK*+-24=%=44"72Ms)%W*OHBj1V4=———=sQin
¡¢/¤ᐸV=L»,*¨JḄJK.

109©ᑖ᝱Ḅ^⊤ᙠnஹஹn>,ஹnzᙶ᪗YZᑁᓰḄJK*ᓫJK1m).ᡠPᙠE-E+5E<=?ᑁḄᦪ᝱ᦪ)GHᑖᙠo<=7▬«ᡠG<ᨵḄ᝱I¨JJKᡂMN.

110¬@®J7-1R▣Ḅ±ᦪ*a,ᙠJ³R▣´µ¶·&(1)º»ḄJK(2)º»Ḅ¼ᦪ(3)ᨬ«¾¼Z¿À(4)ᨬ«¾¼ḄᦪÂ(5)P⚔³ᑮJ³ÆÇ*ᡠÈᡂḄÉ☢J(7—16)Ì*º»Fº»ḄJK;ᒹÎḄ¼ᦪ஺(6)Ì*º»Fº»ḄJK;ᒹÎḄ¼ᦪ஺Ï&(I)J³Rº»ḄJK*aÑ᝞ᡠ஺(2)º»ᨵ8⚔ᐳᨵ8¼Ô¼*8º»ᡠᐳᨵ⚔Ḅ¼fᨵ1/8ÕÖº»×F⚔jḄ¼fᨵ1ÕÖº»஺Ø᜜᜜³ᨵ¼஺ᦑJ³Rº»Ḅ¼ᦪ*2஺(3)ᨬ¾«¼`ZḄ¿À*⚔ᑮ¾«J³`ZḄ¿ÀPA⊤Ü⚔0⊤J³᝞7—1(a)IJaaa(3^AO=OC2+AC2=OC2+BC2+AB2=()2+()2*()2=a2X22ᓽᨬ¾«¼Ḅ¿À,ᨬ¾«Ḅ8¼Ḅᙶ᪗*(4)PJ³¼*ᙶ᪗º(0஺0),᝞7—1(a)(a/2,a/2,a/2),(-a/2,a/2,a/2)(-a/2,-a/2H2),(a/2,-a/2,a/2)(a/2,a/2,-a/2),(-a/2,a/2,-a/2)(-a/2,-a/2,-a/2),(a/2,-a/2,-a/2)(5)PkÈᡂḄÉ☢J]®Jᱥᳮº»gYZ▣Ḅᨬmâãäåᓫᐗ¼çᙠ⚔j᝞7-1(b)ᡠ஺D*ᙶ᪗ºᑣÉ☢J.ᩩḄêḄᙶ᪗ᑖë*1(a/2,-a/2

111᪷îïð☢JḄJKñk·òÉ☢JḄJK*aaa222amau.____V=.,—=2222aia------222Fº»Ḅ¼ᦪ*8x-.=187-2nä÷ø]ᢣḄgᨔJûø
ø27t/nᨔJIýþÿᐰ
ᔠឋᨔᨵ
஺a▣ᨬḄ"#ᕜ%AஹBஹC*+,-᝞/7——2ᡠ஺3ᨔ456-B7ᚖ9:;☢Ḅ=⌮?┐Aᔣ62*2/5ᐔGH?CᑮC'ḄḄKL஺᝞ᨔᨵ
M⌕3ᨔO4ᐔ/5QRSTUᐰ
ᔠVWC'XYZ-AC'

112:r=ro?,EPd᩽¢ᨵ:dEp-mamae2=N¥______r=roᓝ)*0-----rm+l24ᐔ£()r()ae23m=___________FOm-14K8¥«mᐸ—!—=9X109®¯°2/±²2ஹ47cg()³ᐭᦪ¶·a.n=2.50x!07-5NaBrᨔᙠ"⊝᝱?+ºcbcr°=2.98¼½◖¿ᦪa=1.75,᣸ÁÂᢣᦪm=936,ÅNaBrḄ-ᔠ஺NaBrᨔjNaClᨔ+ᵨḄÆÇ+wᓽaae2mEp=N(m=----------)4ᐔ£orrÉdEpᵫ(-7E=0dr·am=-—rom-l4TC£omÊË᜜Íᵨ?º+cbcr=r஺Î?+ᵨᨬᐸ¢ÏZᨔḄ-ᔠEpaae2ae2rom-i(pe2Nae21mᦑEpo=N(L=N(-)=(-1)----------------------------------4ᐔ£oro47i80mrom4ji£0ro47i£oromro]Z1᥅ÔNaBi^ljN=NA=6.02xl0,Öro=2.98=2.98x10m,a=l%,m=9.6³xÇ·E=-7.25xl()f'j/mol)roᦑ1᥅ÔNaBrᨔḄ-ᔠ7.25x10ᯖὡ஺ÛÜÝÞ7-6kClᨔᙠ"⊝᝱?+ºcbr,,=3.14¼½◖¿ᦪa=1.75,àᦪKs=4.8xl0mᵨÅkClᨔ᣸ÁḄâᢣᦪm.

113MkClᨔḄ-᪀jNaCl+äᦑᵫåÜæçP”9é⚪4ê·ëÇ18r()24718(>ro2•m=1+Ksae2³ᐭᦪ¶·m=10.1Ç!—=9x109®¯•°2/±²24ᐔ£o7-7ᙠ᣸ÁïðḄñÆò3cḄᵯ₹õö÷(1)▣¿ᦪøùúWðᓄü(2)ÛÜÝÞàᦪøùúWðᓄü(3)-ᔠøùúWðᓄ/amaeie2(1)ᵫE(,=N(----ýcḄ᣸ÁïEþNaMmᙠ⊝᝱r=r.ᑣFm4A7t£()rNae2ae2m-iEf=r=r()H',!=ro#P?78ᵫ()*e+,⌕./Epo21>4ᐔ£omr(47T8om7r஺9:;+<4rooᓽ>▣@ᦪ⌕;+<4,஺(2)ᵫP279C⚪4)727rgo(4ro)4ae2(m-1)*ᵯ₹+,,e=2e,ᵫ(1))727rs()(4ro)4/.Ks-=64Ks2(2e)(m-1)2ᓽLMNOPᦪ⌕;+<64,஺(3)ᵫR5⚪)TᔠVWᑏYNae21Eo=LH-------P4K8orom*e=2eM=4roNa(2e)21E‘o=(-1)=E4K8(F4romPP

1147-8ᵫ]⊝^_▬abcYᵨVefḄ2hiឋWklbh⊝^_(ᙠmn^_ELEP஺)ḄoV=E-(-E)=EptE=cx-gx-tx?4xPPPtux⊤wxy⊝^_Ḅ^zᑭᵨ|}ᐻᑖᙠ^zḄ/^zXḄᙳX

1157-9Ó)nÔÕµÔᨔ×ḄᑁÙzᑮ⊤☢Üᡠ◤⌕ḄVÞ

116>?@AB8-1ᙠ20DEFGḄH☢JKLMN50mmḄᜧPPQḄRSn=1.0mm.„TUVWXYZ[\ᩭḄ]^஺`abH⊤☢dS=20xl0«nue.PfHg☢ᓣih=50xl0m,TPQjkᦪN,ᑣhSN=r§noὃ⇋ᵫrPgst⊤☢dXᓄvZ[Ḅ]^AE,A.E=a(4xr2N-S)=a(Axr2-——S)Txr=஺᜜o_1)ᐭᡃ£¤:wE=2.18x104᝞ᐸa=73xl0Nmyᵫ⊤8-9᩵\஺8-2{8-2|}⊤☢~ᦪḄMᐜↈᱏ[ᐭ}AB᠒᠒ᱏfᜧᑖ☄\A☢⌕ᨵA☢}9ᡠᵨḄJf,y}9⊤☢~ᦪ஺T}ABᱏḄ¡¢£஺=0,ᱏḄ¤^=5.0xl0Tkg,ᱏḄ¥VL=3.977xl(hm,¦Vd=2.3xlOTm,f=LO7xlO,N,YAB⊤☢~ᦪ஺`ᵫrᱏK§¨ᕜᨵA☢ᒹ«v0=0,ᡠ¬A☢rᱏḄ⊤☢~ḄEᔣ¯°ᔣe.ᜧ±a2(L+d)²|Jf=mg+a-2(L+d)__fga—2cL+d)³ᐭᦪ´9a=7.25xl0Nm-l2ᓽABḄ⊤☢~ᦪ஺8-3•ᳫ¸¹°Sºr1.0x10”ᜐᙠg☢K᝞g☢JḄ¼½l.OxlOsN.m’,Y¹ᑁ½¿஺abgḄ⊤☢~ᦪLia=7.3xlONm`ᵫr¼¹ᜐᙠg☢Kᡠ¬¹᜜|AB(Á¼ḄÂḂ¹WÄÅÆÇÈÉ)½¿º

117p=pi)+2=1.3xlO?Pa8-4•kRS1.0X10MḄᳫ¸¹ᙠ½¿1.0136Ì1041312Ḅᜧ¼ᔿᡂ஺᝞¹ÏḄ⊤☢~ᦪa=5.OxlO,N“m,Ðᕜ«Ḅᜧ¼½¿ÑᜧÒyf¹ḄRSÓ2.0x10m?TÁXᓄᙠºUÔÕKḄ.`:Ö¹᜜½¿Po=l.0136x1OsN-m?¹ᑁ½¿P=R,+,¹ᑁ¼BBdVi=ᐔḄÖ¹᜜½¿P0'¹ᑁ½¿PP",¹ᑁ¼BBdV=JERB¹ᑁ¼ByÛᳮݼBᐸXᓄÞßyÛºUᵫPNuPNz9(P<>+)ᐔRLU(P<ä+)ᐔå•ᡠY½¿P<.=³ᐭᦪ´9Po'=1.27xl04N-m.28-5ᙠæh=2.0ḄgçèéêëÑ°Sd=5.0x]0.smḄ¼¹ÖìíºUᙢJᓣᑮg☢JÁð¼¹Ḅ°SÑᜧ?gḄ⊤☢~ᦪa=7.3xl(hN-mò`:Ö¼¹ᙠgçè¹ᑁ¼B½¿P=P.=+pghóP“g☢JEᜧ¼½yõ1.013x10Pa.¹ᑁIBBöJTRL⚪¼¹Jᓣᑮ“g☢J”ÅÛ“ᜐᙠg☢K“Á¹ᑁ¼B½¿P=P<.+¹ᑁ¼BBdùúÛ¹ᑁ¼BᳮݼB,JᓣÞߺUᵫPNHPWþÿ(Pgpgh+)nRi.i=(Po+)TtR?1ᵫF«P"+pgh,R.R2=R1(1+/¦ᐭᦪ£¨

118R2=2.65xl0smᦑ
ᓣᑮ☢ᜐḄ5.3x10.m.⚪᝞ᵫ☢!ẚ#ᑣᜧ&Ḅᑁ()*+4arPiiTTᐸ-./01
☢2345.86789:;ᙠ=>?Ḅ?@ᴻBC.DEFG₹Iᙠ
BJKL=BCḄ:MNᜐᜐOPl.OxlOmt?Q:Ḅ⊤☢STUᦪa=0.45N-mW.,:1@ᴻY0=135".2:[⚪\]^_᝞Fᙠ:`)ᑁஹ᜜⌱dAஹBeCḄ`☢
fg᝞h⌱dfi4jᚖḄlmnopfqlmn1=@ᴻBlrs?☢Bᓽu☢vᐸw᳛yR1pzqlmn1=@ᴻB?{,ᐸw᳛yR?ᵫ=BC:MNd5:@ᴻB|}☢Ḅ~N4ᡠᨵhgoপpfqlmnyrḄᙊᓽREᜐ.ফpzqlmnḄw᳛yR?>>R:1111|MMRr23஺:ᑁᔜᜐḄ*+45.ᵫ_dr=fIfcoss-S,᪷:ᑁ᜜*+

119a-PA-PB-«(-=-+2acos(x-8ுd6.364x1஺஺ᓽ:@ᴻBḄ▬I*+.?⊝J᜜IG₹F¡P▬I*+ᙠ|}☢S
ᡠ¢£Ḅ*TᓽF=^-S=6364xltfx40xl(T3=2S3V8-7ᙠ᝞_8-7ᡠ¤ḄU¥¦&§.Qy¨Ḅ©ª¦AḄᑁ=5.0x10,“.¨ᜧḄ©ª¦BḄᑁR=2.0x“Lm,=¦☢Ḅ«Nh.Ḅ⊤☢STUᦪa=7.3xl(LNm.2oQ`)&☠A.B=¦ᨴ☢ᜐḄ*+ᑖ°P..P»,ᵫ=¦Oªᙳ..=0,ᨵ2a2a&Poᜧ*+.ᵫ³)☟Tµ¶ᳮᨵoPB-PM
ὶ¹2,2aA1ஹn=----(----jPRrR-ºᐭᦪh=0.223mᓽ=¦☢Ḅ«N.8-8ᙠᑁRi=2.0xl0TmḄ@ᴻ¦&¼ᐭfyR=1.5xl()TmḄ@ᴻ½½1¦¾CḄ¿0ÀÁᑮᜐf᪵Ḅᙠ¦&
ᓣḄ«N.ÃÄḄÅN©ª%"⊤☢STUᦪa=7.3xlO-2Nm->,1@ᴻḄ|}Y8=0.

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,ᐭ_.Qᐸ&fqyᙊḄᨬÏgÁO,ÐyᙊÑÁÇ`☢
஺gḄfqlmnᐸw᳛y2.Çog1yᙊlmnᚖḄÒflmnÓÔÁfᩩᙊ,Öᐸw᳛yn…nᵫw`☢Ḅ▬I*+ØÙsW+—v«—=3Hßsàfáᵫ³)☟TµÄP=pghzὶ¹2ᙠ¦&
ᓣḄ«N2ah-0g(ã-ºᐭᦪh=2.98xl0-m28-9@ᴻ¦Ḅᑁd=2.0xl0m,äLe0.20m,ᚖ¼ᐭ&¦Ḅ
åÁæçḄ.D¼ᐭ☢hḄèféḄäNê8ëKL¦ᑁ᜜☢f᪵«ìÃÄᜧ*P°=1.013xl0N-m2,Ḅ⊤☢STUᦪa=7.3xlhNmT,1@ᴻḄ|}Y°2oQ¦î☢ïS᝞_ᵫ@ðὡòóp«LS=pL—H
S2aôoP=஺+õ~2ὶ¹2¦¼ᐭ☢hḄäN1(1-p0+-r=2.52xl(bm

1218-107fᐙ÷:Ḅ*øhåùᙠfqú▎Ḅü:Ḅýᘤ&ÿᦪ
p=O.95OxlOஹNm.!1.2ὃ⇋ᑮḄᜧᜧḄ!"d=2.Oxlhm,#$%Ḅ⊤☢()*ᦪ=0.4+m!3,ᐕ./0QᗞL!"ᡠ4ᐕ.Ḅ᩽67.Q95DX1Q5……:p=1.013x10589!1
ᡠ;9H=713mm(2)᝞+,p-pA=PgHB>P„=P„,PgHᵫ@XᙳBᐭ!1#D8EḄᜧ4a+p=720mmHgd3FG/0Ap=0.001ᓾ!=0,Q010Pna!"ᡠ4ᐕ.Ḅ᩽67
4a0.001Po=2.04x10.2m8-11:ᙳᒴIᴻḄᑁ"
d=4.0xl0m,L
Lo=f2Om,MᙢOᙠQᐸQSᐰUᶇᙠQ᝞WXOᙠY
h=0.15mᜐᔣQSḄLL\@]ᜧP0=76cmHg,Ḅ⊤☢()*ᦪa=0.49Nm”_IᴻḄ#$%.

12289`Qab☢
S,cdᑮ᝞+ᨵp

123jklFm4.⏀opqrs
0.,6079-1ᙠᜧPn=l.O13xlOPt0x10Kg⏀uvwᓄ
pqm/Kg,⏀uḄqᓄy
L=8.63xl0J/Kg,⏀uḄrs஺_⏀upqḄrssFrh;|}~⏀uᑁ4Ḅmᓄ89⏀u\\tᓄ
pqᓟᔾy
L=U2-U1+PU2-U1ᵫ@ᑣMᓟ⏀uᑁ4Ḅmᓄ
U2-U=ML-P0U2
2=3.21xlOJ59-2pvwḄvwḄᩩ஺9pvwqᓄḄ}D஺p⊤☢Ḅqᓄt4஺vwᙠ᦮¡ᑁUḄqᓄ¢ᙠv£஺¤¥Fm¦᪀¨ὅª«᪷®¯vw°Fm±ᙠஹᑖ³☢´;pḄµD¢ᑁU¶ᜧ·¸,ᜧᜧ¹º»ᑖ³☢¼>qᓄᒓ¾஺9-3¿ḄÀF£Ta=14K,ᙠÀF£°Á᝱¿Ãp=81.0kg-m,᝱¿Ãp=71.0kgm'᝱¿ḄpqµÅlnp=18.33-1^2_-0.3InTTᰚ8Ḅᐵ*Tm=14+2.991xl0p,1DQḄᓫÉᙳ
ÊËᓱÍ~Î:1ᙠÀF£Ḅᓄyᰚ8yÐᓣÒy/0ᙠ5%;ᑁÓ2
ᓣÒÔÕᙠÀF£ᜐḄÖ᳛஺89ÀF£ᜐpqp”Inp3=18.33—122-0.3In14=8.82414p3=6.795kPa¿Ḅrs

124RT38.31*14Vg=----_--------------------p,p.32x10-3X6.795x103=8.561(m3-kg-i)Á᝱¿rsVg==1.235x10-2pg᝱¿rsVI=1=l.408x10-2P>(1)ᵫpqµÅòᑖEᑮ9p122dp(:ô=3õᔆdTT3T3÷_øµÅ\ù¼
Vg>>VI,ᦑᨵp1221—=0.3)-TvT3T3ᓄy
91=4.895x10(5-kg)Hᰚ8y9L=8.097x1042¿ḄᓣÒy=5.705x10ভ•kg)t(2)ᓣᙠᜐḄ᳛li+12dp—=-4.767x10;Pa-K-idTT3(V-vi)g9-4⛳&'()&*☢Ḅ,-ᨵ/0ᐵ234/0356*☢78⛳&'()9:*☢7;8<4ᙠ6*☢=,>8ᑖ@⍎B*☢ᡠ◤Ḅ,FᓫH7Iᑁ⍎B6*☢Ḅᑖ@ᦪ9L9:*☢7ᜧN⌕PQRSTᑖ*Uᑖ@ḄVWX:*☢7Y8

1259-5ᙠab415.0cmḄaᘤd8eᐭgh418.0࠷Ḅj8klmᑮopght=374.0࠷,ាrᙠaᘤᑁsᑮop-᝱(⚜ᐜwaᘤxyz{|}ᐭ〉j)8}ᐭPYUbḄjᔠ〉3jḄop)p=2().8Mpa,ji=18.0g-mol,18࠷Ḅjhp=lg-m,jop2"ᦪK=4.46஺ImolὡUᙠop᝱Ḅᐵ24RT8=KPM3KUḄop2ᦪ8SᑗyU8ᡈPᡈY⌕op2ᦪ஺`jḄop2ᦪ4.46,molḄj8ᙠop᝱ḄUb4v,ᙠV=15.0cmd}ᐭjḄUbV,ាrsᑮopUbV,jḄ᥅¢ᦪVM_v=|lVk¤4MḄj8¥᝱Ub4V”opUbV,ᑣVi==4.66x10-6(ms)P9-6ᓾᘤgh478¯°L800J,Sᳮ±U²☟᝱ᓱµ¶·8¸m¹gh4100࠷,ᑣ7(1)mº»ᢝᓾᘤgh½¾8¿Àm¹gh!8F°LÂl41.60x10J,¹Ḅgh4PY3(2)ᦔ᳛ÂᜧᑮPY3ÄÅƶ·ÇȯÉ^ḄÅÊmËI஺(1)᝞Íᓱµ¶·1234&1234ḄÅᩩÊm^8ᡠÏÐÑÒÓÔgm¹ḄmÕ8ᓽQAQ?’¶·1234Ḅᦔ᳛4n=A/QA/(A+QW=1-(TVL)1=:.Q=AT2/(T1-T2)¶·1234Ḅᦔ᳛4n'=A7Q/=A7(AW)=1-(TO/.QfTz/(T/-T2)

126QKQ/ᨵ.ATV(T.-T)=AT*(T/f)Ûᐭ`8ËT/=473K(2)n'=l—Tm=1-273/473=42.3%9-7áâopghஹop)&opUb35Sä8wᱥ¤æ᝱Õg)ç8ᱥ¤wèᔊ᝱ஹ*ᐳë-᝱&*᝱8Õg)çÕgìḄj:TᑖíÉ*ᐳë-᝱ᓽ¾îïd)&UbḄᐵ2ð4Õg8îï஺ñḼghḄᓣÀ8óᱥ¤ÕgḄj:ôõᩭõ÷8Ïøç÷ᡂSÆK஺KíḄghஹ)ஹUb8ᑖúð4óᱥ¤Ḅopghஹop)&opUb஺ûopghḄÕgð4opÕg஺¸ᱥ¤ḄghÀÉᐸopgh8Õgì½|ᨵj:Tᑖ8ᓽÕg)çîï½|Bý*ᐳë-᝱87þÿ
ᜧᓄ஺9-81.0x10mḄᳫᙠ
1.0136x10Nmᜧᱏ$ᦈᡂ,᝞)Ḅ⊤☢,-.ᦪa=5.0xl()Nm,ᔣᕜ8Ḅᜧ
ᜧ,9:;Ḅ<20x1()m??@ABᓄCᙠDEḄFGHIJḄ஺424aKLM᜜
P<=l.O136xlONmRS'ᑁ
R=po+—,ᑁ[V=-7TRI3RI,424a+—,ᑁ[v^M᜜
P஺'Sᑁ
P=p஺7CR-23R2ᑁ[:aᳮcᐸBᓄef:aDEᵫPlV=P2V2h44a4a42(P°+----')7cR^2^trp7cR-2°cn3R23Riᡠo
PJ=[P..Ri-4a2(R-R.)]7R223uᐭᦪwhLP“'=L27xlONm'"9-9{ᨔefCᵫ}~AefᡂḄFGHᡂᨔL{ᨔefCᵫ᪶ᨔ~AefᡂḄ஺᪶ᢣᑁ(ᡈ

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