自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)

自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)

ID:83382602

大小:54.27 MB

页数:291页

时间:2023-07-15

上传者:无敌小子
自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)_第1页
自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)_第2页
自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)_第3页
自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)_第4页
自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)_第5页
自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)_第6页
自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)_第7页
自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)_第8页
自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)_第9页
自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)_第10页
资源描述:

《自学考试-计算机系统结构(全国)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库

᪀JISUANJIXITONGJIEGO

11ᭆ....................................................................81.1Ḅ᪀...................................................81.2᪀ஹᡂ...............................101.2.1᪀Ḅᑁ......................................10122ᡂḄᑁ...............................11123᪀ஹᡂḄᐵ!.......................151.3Ḅ"ஹ#$%&'()*ᳮ....................................171.3.1"ஹ#$%&Ḅ,-*ᑣ..........................................171.3.2Ḅ()*ᳮ........................................19133)Ḅ/⌕1234...................................211.4"$ஹ5ᵨஹᘤ$Ḅ89:᪀Ḅ!...............................25141"$89:᪀Ḅ!..........................................251.4.25ᵨḄ89:᪀Ḅ!.......................................31143ᘤ$Ḅ89:᪀Ḅ!.......................................321.5᪀;Ḅ<=ឋ?8'ḄᑖA.............................34151<=ឋḄᭆB?8................................................34152ḄᑖA.................................................3ூ⁚EF௃...................................................................382ᦪI⊤KஹLᙬ3NᢣP...........................................442.1ᦪI⊤K...............................................................442.1.1ᦪI⊤KᦪI᪀..............................................442.1.2QRᦪI⊤K.....................................................451

22.1.3VᐭᦪI⊤KḄ*ᑣ..............................................42.1.4YZᦪ[ᦪ,\ᜧ^_`ᜐᳮ34Ḅ⌱c........................42.2Lᙬ3N..............................................................51221Lᙬ3NḄef☢ᔣ................................................51222Lᙬ3NᙠᢣP;Ḅᢣj...........................................52223klᙠ/m;Ḅnᢈp...........................................52224ᱥᳮ/m;rsḄmtᑖu.........................................542.3ᢣPḄ)vᓄ..................................................52.3.1ᢣP)Ḅ,-*ᑣ..........................................52.3.2ᢣPxyṹḄvᓄ................................................582.3.3ᢣP|}NḄvᓄ..................................................02.4ᢣPḄ89ᦋ...................................................12.4.1f⌶3ᔣCISCRISC..................................12.4.2ᢥQSC3ᔣ89ᦋᢣP..................................2243ᢥRISC3ᔣ89ᦋᢣP....................................ூ⁚EF௃....................................................................713mtஹ;ஹI/O..............................................753.1mtḄ,-⌕<=/m......................................753.1.1mtḄ,-⌕...............................................753.1.2<=/m.....................................................753.2;...............................................................80321;ḄᑖAᑖR..................................................802

3322;Ḅ!5lᜐᳮl.........................................82323;Ḅ"ஹ#$ᑖ.......................................833.3.................................................................843.3.1ḄᑖA.......................................................843.3.2Ḅᑴ3N...................................................83.3.3Ḅrᢈp...................................................893.3.4ᦪIᦪ..............................................913.41/0.................................................................933.4.11/0ᭆ......................................................93342⍝ᜐᳮḄy*ᳮ()..................................94ூ⁚EF௃...................................................................1004mt................................................................1044.1,-ᭆB.............................................................1044.1.1mt'ᐸᑖ¡...............................................1044.1.2mtḄ᪀ᡂ¢I.............................................104.1.3mtḄឋ£ᦪ.............................................1074.2¤¥mtᘤ...........................................................1094.2.1¤¥mtᘤḄ¦ᳮ3N...........................................109422⚓N¤¥mtᘤḄ᪀ᡂ.............................................11423⚓N¤¥mtᘤ;Ḅ¨⚪......................................124.3Qª«¬mtᘤ.......................................................134.3.1y*ᳮ,-᪀.............................................133

4432ᙢᙬḄ᧜¯°ᣚ.................................................1384.3.3mtᘤḄLRU²ᣚ4Ḅ#$.................................1444.4eRmt..........................................................1514.4.1ᱥᳮᙢᙬCache.................................................................................................................................1514.4.2¤ᙢᙬCache......................................................................................................................................1524.4.3ᐰCache.................................................................................................................................................153ூ⁚EF௃...................................................................1535᪗(ᜐᳮ..............................................................155.1µ¶3N.............................................................155.1.1µ¶*ᳮ·µ¶.............................................155.1.2ᐵᜐᳮ.......................................................1585.2¸3N.............................................................1521,-ᭆB........................................................1522᪗(¸Ḅ/⌕ឋ............................................1715.3ᢣPRQ<=Ḅ¹Rᜐᳮ..........................................1805.3.1¹᪗(ᜐᳮ...................................................1805.3.2¹ºᢣP|ᜐᳮ...............................................1815.3.3¹¸ᜐᳮ.................................................1835.3.4¹᪗(¹¸ᜐᳮ..........................................183ூ⁚EF௃...................................................................1846ᔣ(ᜐᳮ.............................................................186.1ᔣ(Ḅ¸ᜐᳮᔣ(¸ᜐᳮ.......................................184

56.1.1ᔣ(Ḅᜐᳮᔣ(Ḅ¸ᜐᳮ.....................................186.1.2ᔣ(¸ᜐᳮḄ᪀»¼.......................................1886.13½<=ஹ¾¿ÀQឋ.........................................1906.2▣ᑡᜐᳮḄ*ᳮ.......................................................193621▣ᑡᜐᳮḄ᪀ÃᱯZ..........................................1936.2.2ILUACIVḄᜐᳮᓫᐗ▣ᑡ᪀.....................................19623ILUAQVḄ<=4»¼..........................................1976.3SIMDḄÇÈÉ.................................................2036.3.1ÇÈÉḄ)᪗ÇÊᦪ..................................2036.3.2ÇÈÉ5ᢑcḄÌͨ⚪.......................................2046.3.3,-ḄᓫRÇÈÉ..............................................206.3.4,-ḄÎRÇÈÉ.............................................2106.3.5ᐰ᣸ᑡÈÉ......................................................2196.4ᐳÑ/m᪀ÃḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮ;<=mtᘤḄÒ¬ÓÔ¨...................2216.5ᾭÖ▣ᑡ¸ᜐᳮ...................................................2256.5.1ᾭÖ▣ᑡ᪀Ḅ*ᳮ..............................................225652ᵨᾭÖ▣ᑡ᪀.................................................228ூ⁚EF௃...................................................................2297Îᜐᳮ................................................................2337.1ÎᜐᳮḄᭆBஹ¨⚪#$᪀......................................2337.1.1ÎᜐᳮḄ,-ᭆB⌕×ØḄᢈp¨⚪..........................2337.1.2ÎᜐᳮḄ#$᪀..............................................2345

67.2Ù὚ᔠÎᜐᳮÎCacheḄ·Üឋ¨⚪..................................248721ÎCacheḄ·Üឋ¨⚪ḄÝÞ......................................248722ÎCacheḄ·Üឋ¨⚪Ḅ×Øß4..................................2497.3ÎᜐᳮḄ<=ឋឋ...............................................2527.3.1<=4........................................................2527.3.2kl<=ឋḄᑖ᪆................................................2547.3.3<=áâ<=ãä..............................................2587.3.4ÎᜐᳮḄឋ..................................................2597.4ÎᜐᳮḄxy....................................................21741/åæxy....................................................22742ᔜèéêæxy................................................237.43YÖæxy....................................................247.5ÎᜐᳮḄ89..........................................................25751ᑖuNᐳÑmtᘤÎᜐᳮ.........................................257.5.2:ëÎᜐᳮ......................................................257.53Îᔣ(Îᜐᳮ...................................................2754<=ᔣ(ᜐᳮ...................................................2755ᜧìí<=ᜐᳮ.................................................27.5.6î..........................................................29ூ⁚EF௃...................................................................2718ᦪIïð...................................................2738.1ᦪI...........................................................273

78.1.1ᦪIñÖḄᭆB.................................................2738.1.2ᦪIklòáâ.............................................2778.1.3ᦪIḄ᪀.............................................2838.1.4ᦪImᙠḄ¨⚪........................................2848.1.5ᦪIḄ9.............................................2858.2ïð.................................................................287

81ᭆ-ᐜå᪀ô8õö÷ø᪀ஹᡂõù'úûḄᑁᐵ஺ᙠý"ஹ#$%&Ḅ*ᑣþõÿ⌕ḄᳮஹḄ⌕஺ᯠஹᵨஹᘤḄ᪀Ḅ"#஺ᨬ%&᪀Ḅ'(ឋ*Ḅᑖ,-./01ᔜ3ᐹ567᪀8ᡂḄᑁ;ᡭ=>Ạ஺1.1Ḅ@A᪀BCᵨDEḄFG-HIᵫஹK8ᡂḄLᵨM.NOᡂPᢥRSᑜᑖḄU@ᘤV8ᡂḄ@A᪀஺@A᪀ᵫWᑮYZA0ᵨDEᘤVஹ[\DEᘤVஹ]^DEᘤVஹ_`ᘤVஹaᘤDEᘤVஹaᘤDEᘤVbcdᘤV-᝞f1-1ᡠh஺ᐹ5Ḅ-ᐸ@AᦪḄUkM.ᨵᡠmn஺5(ᵨ$(ᵨᒹᘤ%&ᡂ*4*$#&@1&ᘤᡂ"#+ᡈ-./012ᡈ-ᘤ33"#$"#%&ᘤᡂᘤ2ᵨᘤᘤᑴ!1ᵨᢣᘤᢣ▭ᘤ0▭ᘤᢣᵫ᡻f1-1ḄUV@A᪀CᵨoHVDE^cḄcdᕒᩭ-r⌕s៉⍳vwVDEḄCᵨx-ᡠ^dy8

9zSᙠ|ᘤ}~('ᑮ-mᵨὃ⇋ᘤVP᝞Ḅ஺ywcdᕒᨵHIM.CᵨDE`0ᘤDEḄᘤH᪵஺-"ᘤ"N0S᡻(DEcdḄᦪ᪀Ḅᔠ5஺▭}-rᨵᑴᘤᢣ-ᓽaᡠḄᘤDE¡ᘤK-MNK¢£᡻(஺ᔜᘤVḄ¤ᵨ¥¦ᢈ¨ᡈª«ᢈ¨-ᡈὅPᢈ¨Ḅᔠ஺¥¦(Trans-lation)ᢈ¨Pᐜᵨ¯ᣚcd±WHVᘤV}Ḅcd᦮ᙢ´ᣚᡂYHVᘤV}µᦔḄcd-ᯠᙠYHVᘤV}Ḅᢈ¨஺ª«(Interpretation)ᢈ¨ᑣPᙠYVᘤV}ᵨ¸ḄH¹Dºᡈᢣᩭ»¼WVᘤV}ḄHᩩDºᡈᢣḄRS-PL¾WVᘤVDEcd¿ḄÀᩩDºᡈᢣ⌲ᩩª«ᩭḄᢈ¨஺ᵨDEÂÃᘤVM5P0ÄÅÆÇḄᵨḄ஺Cᵨ☢ᔣoᵨḄᵨDE(L5)^ᑏḄcdHÌPL¾ᵨcdᒹ¥¦ᡂWVDE(L4)cd-Î⌲Vᔣ=Ḅ஺WVDEᘤVM4}ḄcdM.ᐜᵨ^¦cd᦮¥¦ᡂ]^DE(L3)cdᡈᘤDE(L1)cd-Î⌲VᡈÏVᔣ=ÐÑM.ᵨ]^DE(L3)cdஹᘤDE(L1)cd-ÒÓbᢣDE(L0)cdª«஺]^DE(L3)ÔcdᑣPᐜᵨ]^cd᦮±¸´ᣚᡂµᦔḄᑴᘤDE(L1)Õ᪗cd-ÎᙠaᘤDEᘤVMl}஺_`cd×ᯠØÙᡂᵨWVDE(᝞CDE)^ᑏ-ÛᨬÜÝP⌕ᵨᘤDEcdᡈbᢣcdᩭª«஺¸Þ[aᘤDEᘤVMlᡠßᨵ-Û0]^DE¡WVDECᵨᡠᵨḄ>à_`ஹáâᦪ᪀஺ã᝞-ᦻåᳮஹåᳮஹcåᳮஹU⍝cdᐳ(ஹUèᜐᳮஹ`êëᑴµᡠᵨᑮḄ_`áஹDºᦪ᪀µ஺ì|-_`ᘤVM2íᙠaᘤDEᘤVMl]^DEᘤVM3îïP〉ñḄ஺aᘤDEᘤVMl¤ᵨ8ᔠòóᵯõëᑴ-ᐸᢣMᵨKᩭ-ÑM.¤ᵨbcdëᑴ-ᵨbᢣ(L0)cdᩭª«஺bᢣëᑴKᵯõḄö`஺9

101.2᪀ஹ8ᡂ1.2.1᪀ḄᑁøBḄ@A᪀FGᩭO-᪀(SystemArchitecture)P¿ᔜVù☢Ḅâᐸ}=ḄRSᑖú஺ÀVûᨵᐸüýḄ᪀஺ᙠ|-ᐜþÿᨵᐵ"”Ḅᭆ஺᝞ᙠḄᱥᡈឋᑮᑣ!"(Transparent)Ḅ஺#$ᘤ&'(ᕒᡠᑮḄ+,$ឋ"#Ḅ!-"+,$./#01Ḅ2☢஺./4᪀-"⌕Ẇ89&:;ឋ<:;ឋ<஺=>ᓄ@&ḄA+BCDEFᑴHIJᩭᑭMN஺CO⌕PQRSឋTU஺+,$./4᪀H+,$./ḄV.4᪀(ComputerArchitecture)!X"./4᪀YḄZ[ᑖᢣḄ"^/$ᘤ_`$ᘤ&Ḅ./4᪀஺ᐸ2☢bcᒹefg./&ஹij_`&ஹk&_`&l<ᵨ_`&YᡠᨵnoḄpq@2☢brᒹeᡠᨵsoltoḄpq஺CO!"nolso/toḄv2☢"$ᘤ_`ஹij_`'(A+ὅᡈjx'(A+ὅᑮḄ$ᘤᱥᳮ./Ḅz{஺4|}+,$./4᪀Ẇ8Ḅ"nஹsob~Ḅpqᑖ^/$ᘤ&2☢ḄQ஺$ᘤ_`ஹij_`'(A+ὅᡈjx'(ᡂ./A+ᡈᡂḄ'(qᙠ$ᘤcPQS<ᑮl⍳Ḅ+,$ឋ஺-Ḅᵨ$ᩭ+,$./4᪀Ḅឋᒹe}1)soqlᜐᳮḄᦪḄᦪ⊤஺2)ᨬ=ᙬᓫ£ஹᙬ¤ஹᙢᙬ+,Ḅᙬ¦஺3)ᵨ/§ᵨ¨ᘤḄA©ஹᦪªஹ«¬ஹᵨ®Ḅ¨ᘤ¯°஺4)±Rᑴᡈijᢣ²Ḅfgஹஹ᣸(¦ஹFᑴ$᪀Ḅᢣ²./஺10

115µ¶Ḅᨬjᙬᓫ£ஹjᙬ¦ஹ·ªஹᨬᜧ=jᙬ¹~Ḅº./¯°஺6µY¼Ḅᑖ½ᑖ&ஹY¼ᜐᳮ'(pqᐭ¿ᙢᙬḄY¼$᪀஺7µ./$ᘤ&ḄÁ᝱lᵨᡝ᝱ḄĽᑗᣚ஺8µÈᐭ/ÈÉAᜓḄËஹᵨ¦ஹ̪ஹfg4ÍஹÉ┯ᢣḄ$ᘤ&I/O4᪀஺9µ./ᔜ[ᑖḄÓÔÕÖ¦lÕÖ$᪀ឋ஺1.2.2+,$¯ᡂ½+,$×ØḄÄlᑁÚ+,$./4᪀ḄᑁÚ=É$ᘤ&ᑁ[ḄᦪÌlFᑴÌḄ¯ᡂஹÛÜA+lᘤoA+Ý9+,$./4᪀-"!Þ+,$./4᪀A+"Ḅ஺!Þ9+,$¯ᡂᡈ+,$×ØḄᶖ஺1.+,$¯ᡂ+,$¯ᡂâComputerorganizationµᢣḄ"+,$./4᪀ḄÛÜ×Øᒹe$ᘤ&ᑁ[ḄᦪÌlFᑴÌḄ¯ᡂÛÜA+஺+,$¯ᡂḼñ9$ᘤ&ᑁ[ᔜoḄ᣸(¦½Fᑴ$᪀ஹᔜ[oḄpqᔜ[o~Ḅὶ.஺!⌕óôḄõ⚪"ᙠ÷øùᑮḄឋqlúḄûür᝞ýþÿஹᔠᳮᙢᔜᜓᡂᡠḄ᪀஺20!"60$%&ᩭᡂ(⌕*+,-./0Ḽ2-.34Ḅ560ஹ270&89:Ḅᑖᦣ=>ᵨ9:ᩭ@6Ḅ஺ᡂ⌕ḄA☢CDEᒹGH1JᦪLMNO0PᦪLQRCS56T〈ḄVWXᦪJ஺2J>ᵨḄ=P*ᔲ=Z◀\ஹ]^_ஹ`aᜐᳮஹᙢᙬ_d>ᵨ=Ḅᦪefᘤ⌕hᑮḄ/0ஹjk8>ᵨḄlᵨ⚣᳛dᨵᐵJ஺

123ᔜ34qḄᐳst0Pᑖuᐳslᵨt0.vᯠ▲ᑴz/0{jk|}஺=~ᐳst034560-.-./0{jk-.J஺49:Ḅ560P*ᵨ6*ᵨ27ஹᡈᑖᑴᜐᳮJ஺5ᑴ᪀ḄᡂAPᵨ*tᑴ*ᓫᜐᳮ*~ᡈ9:ᑖᜐᳮJ஺6᣸ᢈP᝞=8=~ᜧeḄᘤᩭḄ/0¡஺*ᵨ¢ஹᐜ@ᐜ¤ஹᐜ@¥¤ஹ¦ᐜ§*ᵨ¨©Aᩭª᣸«ᜐᳮḄJ஺7⚜ஹ⚜ᑨᢈPᵨ¯°±ᑣ³¦ᓄឋ:⚜¶·ᩭ6³J஺8☠ឋᢈPᵨᑍº┯ᢈᩭ-.☠ឋJ஺2.PComputerimplementationᢣḄ*ᡂḄᱥᳮᒹGᜐᳮஹ(¿dḄᱥᳮ᪀ᘤḄÀᡂ0/0ᘤஹÁᙽஹÃஹÄÅḄᑜᑖfÇÈ>ᵨᘤḄÉᢈVÊTËᵯÍஹÎᓾ8᦮ÉÑᢈd஺ḄḼÒÓᘤᢈÉᢈᐸÕᘤᢈÖḼ(×4ᵨ஺ᢣØÕ*ᔲ⌕=Z\ᢣØÙÓ᪀஺Z\ᢣØ*ᵨ>ÚḄ./Z\ᘤ*☠ᵨÛ\ᘤÜXᘤÝCÇuVÊᑴᐸÞÛßÜᩭÙÓᡂ஺Z\ᘤஹÛ\-ÜXᘤḄᱥᳮ᝞ᘤḄáâஹÀᡂ0ஹᦪeஹjk&8ÉᢈḄ⌱äÙÓ஺(¿efåᙬAPᢥXஹᢥ`⁚*ᢥ`èédJḄÙÓ᪀஺³hᑮឋ:jk⌕ê(¿/0Eë³~ì&8íî᪀*ᔲïᵨ~ðñòÙÓᡂ஺(¿ᘤḄ⌱ஹíîஹÉᢈḄlᵨÙÓ஺ூô௃IBM370ᑡᨵ115ஹ125ஹ135ஹ145ஹ158ஹ168dᵫ᫏ᑮ.᫏Ḅ~âÊ12

13ᘤ஺úûåüýஹᘤüýtὅÿᑮḄᭆឋ᪀᝞1-2ᡠ஺ᙳ567ᘤ0Aᜐᳮ控ẚ制E台卡控I/接OI/接O片F制口口机器总总G线线.控制ẚ器G81-2IBM3709ᑡḄᭆ=ឋ?᪀ᵫᜐᳮ/⍝ᜓᑴᘤ᜜4$᪀ᡂḄ&'()&*ᵨ⍝,-.ᐭ/.0஺123᪀4&IBM3705ᑡ789:Ḅᘤ1;$<=ᘤ$ஹ?@<=ᘤ$ᑮABᘤ<=ᘤ$CD8Ḅ&EFᵨ78ḄGᡂHIJஹ78ḄKLMᘤ$FᘤឋNஹOP78஺QR&STU5ᑡVWSX5B᪀&Y5ᑡᑁ789:SXḄG[VWSXGᡂ஺IBM3705ᑡḄᜐᳮCᨵD8Ḅᘤᢣ^H?@ᢣ^5B&Eᢣ^Ḅᑖ᪆ஹ᡻bᙠd᫏f*ᵨgM,-hb&ᙠ;᫏fᑣ*ᵨjkஹlmᡈᐸpqbᜐᳮ,-஺LMSὅ@LsᡠᑮḄᦪuv-wᓽᦪu⊤zCD8Ḅ32{|}&~ᦪC|}16{ᡈᐰ|}32{&ᦪCᓫ|}32{ஹ|}64{ᡈ|}128{&᝞l-3aᡠ஺ᵫWஹOPḄ⌕78&ᙠGᡂHIJs&ᦪuwᦪuᦪz13

14'ᑖ*ᵨ8{ஹ16{ஹ32{ᡈ64{&᝞l-3bᡠ஺64{Ḅ|ᙠ8{ᦪuḄᘤf◤ᑖ83A〈&Yᙠ64{ᦪuḄᘤfE◤3ᓽA〈&&&OP஺QR&ᦪuLMᕒḄ&7◤⍝Ḅ஺a)E3{13IBM3705ᑡ|}ஹᦪḄ⊤HᦪuaBḄ|}¡~ஹᦪ⊤b78Ḅᦪu14

15IBM3705ᑡḄᔜ᫏ᘤC*ᵨ⍝,-hb.ᐭ/.0&ᙠSXGᡂf&d᫏ᘤ'*ᵨᔠ9⍝&¥⍝Ḅ¦N§ᵨᜐᳮḄ¨©ªᡂ&8ᝅᑖs᡻bᜐᳮH⍝Ḅ¦N&¬ᯠ5BឋNd&'®dᡂ¯஺Y;᫏ᘤf*ᵨ°±9⍝&ᓫ°²⍝&¡ᜐᳮqb&ᡂ¯¬;&5B³;஺´µᘤ/?@ᢣ^5Bஹᦪu⊤ஹᔲ*ᵨ⍝,-.ᐭ/.0Ḅ·~VWSX5B᪀¸ᢣ^*ᵨgMஹjkஹlm¹ᐸp,-º»&ᦪuḄ·~&⍝*ᵨᔠ9¹°±9&ᑣVWSXGᡂ஺1.2.3SX5B᪀ஹGᡂHIJḄD¼ᐵ5H¾¿SX5B᪀ஹGᡂஹIJÀὅ¼7D8&ÁD¼¾¿஺1Â☢ḄÄÅ'0&D8᪀w᝞ᢣ^5BD8zḄSX&'Q78Y*ᵨ78ḄGᡂ஺Ä᝞&ᢣ^ÆÇ'gM᡻b&È'jk᡻b&'³;ឋN஺ÉÊᢣ^Ç'ᵨËÌḄÉÊᘤᩭIJ&È'ᵨÎÊᘤஹÏ{ᘤÐÑjÒÎஹÏ{ᩭIJ&ÓÔÕWឋNஹOPஹÉÊᢣ^Fᵨ⚣×ᡠᵨÉÊḄØX,Ê஺;ஹ;⚣Ḅ'FᵨËÌÉÊᘤ&ᔲᑣÙᵨÚU,Êᩭ®dOP஺8᪵&UGᡂᨵU78ḄIJ,Ê஺Ä᝞&ᘤᵨ᩽9Ḅ&ÈᵨMOS9Ḅ¸ᵨVLSIᓫᱏ&ÈᵨᱏÞßàáᡂᵯGᡂ஺ÓÔÕW⌕ḄឋNOPã×ᘤᢈåæç஺᪀78èFN*ᵨḄGᡂᢈå78஺15

16⌕³;ØX&¥DΡDÉqb&(RÓéU᪀ᙠGᡂfC⌕²°±ḄÎÊᘤHÉÊᘤ஺W☢ᔣëᘤḄ᪀&¹⌕R1HR2N8sìíî஺YW☢ᔣḄÀᙢᙬñᙬḄ᪀qòR⌕&⌕N8svᡂíóôᦪᙢᙬHN8sí஺GᡂÈ辿᪀஺KLMᑴõÄ஺÷ᦋᑴùᘤḄKLM&õ'ᦋ5BḄᘤᢣ^&ᦋ᪀஺ᙠúSXf³ûüUᢣ^5BḄKLM&ý᝱ᑗᣚ᪀ὶᑴᡂᢈᑮḄ஺᜜ஹᓝ!ᑴஹ"#$ᜐᳮஹ'▣)ஹ⚗+,-ஹ./0ᦪ,-ஹ2⊤ஹ"⁚56ஹ789:ᔠ<ᘤᢣ?@Aᢣ?ᵫCDEFGHIJKᜧMNOPQRST<ᘤᢣ?ḄUᦪVWXᵨZ[<ᘤᢣ?᪀ᡂḄ<ᘤ\]^DEHI⌕`aᑮᓝa஺᝞cdᨵᡂᢈḄ!f᪀Ḅ!ghiḄ஺Jjkl᪀Ḅmnopᔠqᵨὃ⇋Ktu@ḄHIvwxஹxyḄzᢝ,}~⌕ὃ⇋iᵨ@ᜓᵨḄᡂᢈ஺᪀mnqᙢᡈhᔠᳮᙢ▲ᑴᔜᡂஹHIᢈḄᵨgMᑮi8ᙢᙠ᫏<ᵨᓫஹḄᡂHIiᙠ᫏<ᵨ:ᩖஹḄᡂHIiᐙᑖᢵHI8ᡠ¤ᩭḄyᜐ᪵᪀§ᨵ¨©ª஺ᡂmnᔣ¬®᪀ᔣ¯°▲®HIᢈ஺ᯠ²³HIᢚµᩗ⊝Ḅ஺¸᝞K¹ᑮᡠ⌕,ḄVWᵨᓫḄᡂºᓾ:ᩖḄHIᢈ¼½ᵨ:ᩖḄᡂºᓾ¾¿VWḄHIᢈ஺Àὅi⌕⌱ᵨឋiḄᘤuIJᘤu56ஹÅஹᵯÇ@Èᓾ9ḄÉʼ²Ëὅi⌼ᡂᡂmn:ᩖᓄ@xᙢᵨÎᵨÏᱏ஺ᡂ@HIḄᩗ⊝T¬®ᘤuᩭÇஹᔆÒᢈᱯ@ឋiÔÕXiᔲ×ᓄ஺qØᙠØ~ᘤuᢈᩩu¯,ÚÛÔÕhᡈÜÝOḄÞ߯iᙢvVW஺᪀ஹᡂ@HIᡠᒹáḄᐹãᑁåæḼh}Ḅ~èéh}Ḅn

17ᙠíîklµïK᪀Ḅᑁåᙠ¾îklµiᡂ@HIḄᑁå஺tuḄᓄ@uḄtᓄð᧜P¾òH஺VLSIḄgx᪀ஹᡂ@HIóᔠ®¾ãô³ᑖ7஺ᵫ®n<ᡂ@n?᝞ABCஹBᔠᳮᙢ*GᑖHḄ஺IJḼLMஹᑖ0NOὅᡠRᑮḄᘤ☢Ḅ᪀T!NOὅRᑮḄ᪀UVJḼLM᝞ABCஹBᔠᳮᙢ*GᑖHḄḄ1ᡂT!ὅRᑮḄ᪀஺1.3ḄஹWX?YZᳮ1.3.1ஹWXḄ\]ZᑣஹḄᑖ᪀Ḅ_⌕V0ᙠbc,deᦔḄ஺gZᳮ,)ḄI>ᵨᡈjkᡂḄlI>ᵨmnkᡂ,p;qᙠឋஹstஹ*GḄu᧕Nw,xyḄ஺Zᑣ1zὃ⇋ᙠGᨵஹᘤ~_⌕bcᘤ0ᘤᩩ⌕ᨵḄឋst_g*Gᵨஹw0ᐸឋ⌕ᩭᔠὃ⇋஺g*Gᵨ⌕஺*G*G*Gᵨzᒹ.Ẇᑴᵨ0ᵨ஺ᯠḄᦔ᳛ᵨ*GḄᵨᙢMᵨ*GḄᵨᐸ17

18VLSI¡ᵨ¢ᱏḄᵨ¤Ḅ஺Ꮇ¦Ḅஹ*GḄ§¨ᵨᑖ©!D0஺”ᑣ஺100D,kᐰIsḄ஺«Mᵨ*GḄl*GḄ¬®¯ὅpḄᑴᵨ°,±²Ḅ³´~᝞µᱏḄᵨ஺Ꮇ²ஹ*GḄ§¨ᵨᑖ©!0M,ᑣA/^100M,lIḄ஺hᵨ*GḄ~᝞¶NO·ᵨḄᐰ¸¹º»p◤º¨Vᵨ*G½§ᵨᑮ²¾¾⌕¿஺C!²ᙠ*G½◤¿Ḅ¨ᦪᑣ²ᵨ*GḄᵨÁ!CxᵫM¿½IᑭᵨZÄᦋᡈÆᓫᝅᵨÉᵨ஺ஹ⌕®஺yºḄᙠ³´,I®¨ᑴ0᝞ÊG/R¨ᑣ*G:ḄᵨÁ!RxM.Ꮇ¦/VË஺§Ëᵨ*GḄᵨ!DJV+M„,Ìᦋᵨ*Gᵨᑣ!ᨵÍDJV+M=CxD/V+RxMsᵨ*GÎ〉ÐḄ஺Ñ,Ò஺.Ô2ஹÔ"ḄÕÖᐭ100D/K+100M

19ᵫMCÕº»ç100è9:KÕÚᜧ$4xeÙÎÚᡂÜ஺pᨵéYᜧḄêᜧ*GḄãÎ〉ÐḄ஺᝞ëᵨ*GxHᵨᡝíᩭḄCᜐYï¤ᑣxðᨵñòḄ஺Zᑣ2⌕ὃ⇋ᑮóᜓõᵨ0IõᵨḄ1ᡂᢈ÷ÉøùIx⌕ú®ᡈxᔠᳮᙢ▲ᑴᔜý1ᡂஹ*Gᢈ÷Ḅõᵨ஺Zᑣ3xg""Ḅþwὃ⇋᝞AÿᵨᡂᢈḄᡂᢵᘤᢈḄ""Ḅ᝞!Ḅ"#$%&'()*+Ḅ,-./01ஹ03Ḅ45ᢝ7ᙠ✌:஺<=>?@ABC&'()DEᘤ()ஹ!D-FE!<᪀ஹ*+,-H᛻J᝞KᙽᓄஹᦪOPQRSTUD-FE!<᪀VWXᙠḄ(YZ[஺-FE!<᪀ஹEᘤ()\ᵨ4]"#Ḅ^_`(YZ[\ᵨᩭb⊡Ḅ஺(YZ[Ḅᜧe"fghiஹ4jkḄᑖmZ[Ben!<᪀o,-Ḅ5ᢝpqrn஺stuᙠv2wx<ᔠᦪO⊤{ஹ|ᙬ~Dᢣ!Ḅ,-ᦋ=ᙠᢝ@(YZ[Ḅ.Be(YZ[Ḅ`⌶஺1.3.2-FE!Ḅ,-ᳮᙠ,--FE!@⍳᝞Ḅ,-ᳮ஺1.HuffmanBᳮkqᜐᳮ&ᭆ᳛Ḅqᜐᳮᭆ᳛ḄoឋkḄ.&⌕£℉஺¥᝞CPUᙠ¦Fx§¨©Ḅᭆ᳛\Ḅª,-ὃ⇋q®¨©Ḅ¦F^o¨©Ḅ®¯ὃ⇋஺ᨵᐵBᳮuᙠ$²w⁚x´µ¶·஺Amdah¸¹19

20»¹\1967ÀIBMÄÅḄAmdahlᙠ,-IBM360ᑡE✌ᐜ.©ᩭḄ஺»¹ᵨÐo!xឋkÑ⚠ÓÔhÕÖ.&²!ឋkᦋḄ*ᓽ!qD஺!qS,Y!ᦋ²ḄឋkDÚᦋḄឋkḄÛᡈὅY!ÚᦋḄ*+᡻ßW7àáᦋ²Ḅ*+᡻ßWᓾ“,ḄÛ஺!qS,,DäåæçᨵᐵᓽឋkᦋÓqqឋkᦋè\!ឋkᦋÓᑖᓰᵨḄWDÚᦋ!ê᡻ßWḄÛ£ᯠ09ì1஺Óqí\!ឋkᦋÓᑖᙠᦋ²ឋk.&ḄÛ®îï©ᱏ”,>1஺_᪵!qnew\'new/'/newnewxᑖôḄ(l-/,.)®kᦋឋk_ÓᑖḄ¥஺euü?!ឋkᦋè0Sp=là^?Óqè“ÿᜧᑖḄ£ᯠ᭒0,ᨵsp/newឋḄ▲ឋᦋ!"ᑖᡠᓰḄ%&ᜧ'(ឋᦋᗐḄ᩽▲+ឋ,ᦋ!%-“Ḅ/0஺Amdahl89:;ᡃ=ᦋ!ᦔ?@ḄឋABCDEᔜ"ᑖឋᙳH⊝JᑮḄABLMᐸOEP"QឋḄ஺3.STUVḄW"ឋ89STUVḄW"ឋᒹYZ[\]^[\Ḅ_EW"ឋ஺[\ḄW"ឋᢣḄaᙠcdᵨḄfg,Lhi⌕dᵨklSTmᙠḼop஺^[\ḄW"ឋᢣḄᨬrḄ20

21sᩭ⌕ᵨᑮḄfgu,vaᙠcᙠdᵨḄfgᙠSTwx\yrḄklᢣz{|}Tm~ஹ}T᡻Ḅᦪ{|ᔣஹ▣ᑡஹ᪛ஹ⊤ᙢm~ᙠDḄ஺B⊤ST᡻90%Ḅ[MUV᦮ESTḄ10%D"ᑖ(ᐸ10%Ḅ[UV᜜90%Ḅ"ᑖST஺ᨵḄST"ᑖUV[1%Lᑮ஺lᢣzABZ¡⌕Ḅ¢ᓽᢣz¤QḄC¥¦§⚣ᢣzḄ᡻஺1.3.3©ªABḄ«⌕¬]®¯1.©ªABḄ«⌕¬©ªABḄ«⌕¬ᒹYAB°᪀ஹ²ᡂ]´aḄ஺µ¶·¸¤QPᑖ¹ஹ©ªᢣzABஹP²ºஹ»¼ஹ½ᡂᵯ¿ஹÀÁஹᵯÂஹÃᓾÅÆ®☢஺Èᓄi⌕Ê៉ÌÍAB]ÎÏABḄᢈÑ஺©ªAB✌ᐜ⌕᪷ÕÖ]Cᵨ×ØÙ8ᵨᡝÛ©ªABḄPஹឋ]ÜÝḄ⌕Þ஺ᐸCᵨ¸QÛPḄÙ8«⌕Ïᵨ஺᝞?OàCᵨ¸QáOâᢣzABãᙠÕÖ\CᵨuäåæçᙠAB°᪀´aâᢣzABèéᐸCᵨ◤Þ஺1ë⌕ìíᐸCᵨ⚞ïðᵨḄi{ᵨḄ஺ðᵨªᵨᱯòḄðó⚞ïôô⌕ÞᨵḄឋ]´ឋ஺{ᵨªᑣ⌕Þ〉ᵨÆâCᵨÖᔠøãᙠùDâCᵨÖᔠᨵúᙳ⊝Ḅឋ஺᝞?☢ᔣûü©Ḅ{ᵨª⌕ýþÿឋ᝞☢ᔣᜐᳮḄᵨᑣᜐᳮᢣᦪḄᢝ!"#஺2⌕&'()*+,ᙠ./01஺᝞2/34/*+567ᮣ9:⌕Ẇ<=Ḅ>?@A஺᝞BCᘤ34EF᪗HṹJ/Ḅ()*+K᪀5MNOᮣ9ឋ7P஺QRSTUὃ⇋()XYḄZ"[S\ὃ⇋]ᵨT^Ḅ_@A`a஺3⌕&'!"bCᨵde⌕f஺Q:⌕ᐵhijkbCḄlm஺᝞nᙬqr21

22ᜧ5⌕ὃ⇋]ᵨdejktᳮuv஺w᝞]ᵨ⚓vtᳮyz⚓vtᳮ◤⌕]|.}jk~uv஺4⌕᝞d~ᨵ2Ḅ᪗ᓄ@஺aᨵ▭᪗᪗S⍳᝞ᔜeᦪ᪗ஹ᪗ஹ᪗ஹ@A34᪗஺ḼᢈḄ᪗T〉ᵨRᑣᔣᔆஹẆ<ᡠᔜe᪗ᓄ¡Ẇ<¢Ḅ᪗஺ᙠbCḄ#NO£5⌕ὃ⇋᝞d¤ᓄbCḄlm¥¦ᨵ2Ḅឋ§¨6஺QSᵨH⊤ឋḄᵨ@Aª«¬§ஹᓄᐸឋ஺ᐸ¯ᐵ°Ḅ⌕ὃ⇋᝞d¥()±)#Ḅᑖ³´µᔠᳮ஺#ᵨ±)`ay()`aᔜᨵ¤·Ḅ஺±)`aḄ¤¸¹¹7ºឋ»[·Tᮣ9〉ឋP஺()`aḄ¤lm+᧕½ᦋ+᧕ᨵᮣ9Ḅ〉ឋ[·¸ஹឋ¿஺ÀÁᑮ±)`aÃTÄO6()`aḄ¸2ÅᨵḼÆÇÈÉḄÊË஺ᐜÍḄÅᵨ()`aᨵRS6PÎḄÅᵨ±)`aḄ¸ºÏÐ஺ᵨiÑÒmḄm5⌕³ÓÔᜐᳮᘤᩭ2Ö¸ᜐᳮm5⌕³Ó×-ᓝÍᑴᦪ⊤ÛஹÜÝ!"ᢣ஺ÞßÔàá⊝»(ஹ±)#ᑖ³Ḅ6w5¥bCãÏ´2Ḅឋ§¨6஺bCK᪀lm〉±)ᢈஹ()ᢈஹᘤ)ᢈஹᵨ⌕fḄäᓄ஺håæ〉Q}äᓄbCK᪀çᨵèḄéêë஺ᘤ)ᱯíîᡂᵯñஹò᝱ôõjkᘤஹ±öḄ÷øÍ()`aḄ#´Ðᙢᦋᵨ±)`a஺FúᱏüḄᨔþtᦪÿ1/4,ᐵᵯḄ1/4,ᘤᕜ101/3,1/4,101/3o⌕ὃ⇋ᨵ%Ḅ᧕᡽ឋஹ*+ឋ,-./012Ḅᓣ4ᣚ6஺89ᵨᩭ<,+=>1.5~2?,@9⌕AᙢᙬṹEᦪ0.5~1E,ᡠ-H+=9ᨵI᡽ឋ஺J᜜,4LM⌲OP6QRLM,⌕A12S᪀UV%ᙢWᢝRYZ[RZ22

23\]Ḅᦋ_஺☢ᔣbcḄZde⌕A12S᪀Uᨵ@9ḄWᢝ஺2.hi12Ḅjk8l4mnS᪀op,hi12Ḅᢥl4mnS᪀rst1-1wḄᵫyஹzஹ{|I-ᨵ"ᵫy~z"ஹ"ᵫz~y"ஹ"ᵫ{|"3Ḅjk஺1w"ᵫy~z","ᵫ⚔ᔣ"஺ᐜὃ⇋᝞9ᵨ⌕A,%☢ᔣ9ᵨḄiᘤ4Ḅᱯឋ[᛻,᝞⌕ᵨᑮḄஹᢣஹLS᪀ஹᦪ¡ஹᦪ¢]£,¤⌲4ᙢᔣz,z¥4¦ὃ⇋by¥4§ᓄḄ஺©᪵oᩭḄhi12b☢ᔣḄ9ᵨ«ᯠᦔḄ஺©¥᛻⌕A®¯°Ḅ±ᵨiḄjk,²kᵨ³´ᵨiḄ஺"ᵫy~z"¥µ¶jk,ᕜ¯>஺2w"ᵫz~y","ᵫᔣ⚔"஺ᐜ·9ᵨ⌕A,¸᪷º»UᵨḄᘤ,¼᯿ஹᔾᦈÀᨵᔜiᘤḄᱯÂ,ÃÄZdiᘤ4r᝞ÅÆᵨÄZdÇᑴw[É2iᘤ4Ẇᑴoᩭ஺ᯠ0,Ë〉ᵨ³9ᵨ⚞ÎḄlÏ12[RY12Ð,᝞lᑖÏ12ஹÒÏ12[l4LMḄRYZd,É2ÓËÐ,Ô9ᵨÕᕒI-᪷ḄLM¡ஹᦪ×],Æᵨᔠ〉Ḅ12Ð[hkᩭ9ᵨḄ◤⌕஺©ḄÚ¥´ᵨiḄjk஺Ðஹῃ⁚,ÐÝÞᑮWᢝßàÞáᩖ஺ßã,©᪵ẆᑴoḄiᘤᨵäឋUᢣ᪗~~ᎷḄ஺ç᝞,É2iᘤ4Ḅèéhnᦪᢣ᪗e᝞J஺"ᵫz~y"µ¶,᪵êë>ᕜ஺ÝJ,©"ᵫz~y"ᙠஹᘤᢈîïpðḄñᜩᩭó,ÀôÆᵨ஺3w”8{|"ᔣö÷஺©´ᵨi¥øÆᵨḄjk஺I-ùú"ᵫy~z"["ᵫz~y"öjk{,Ðஹᑖû[ῃ⁚ḄüýÂ஺”8{|"⌱ÿ᪀Ḅ⌕ஹ☢ᓽᙠᘤᘤᘤ!"ᔠᳮḄஹ%&'ᑖ)஺+ὃ⇋ᑮஹᘤ%Ḅ/01234ὃ⇋ᑮ5'6ᵨ23

24Ḅ9:1ᦪ<᪀=>?@A☢B=CD&'ᵫ%F/CD&'ᵫ%F/஺GHὃ⇋%'IஹJKḄF/LMNO᪵ḄQᢝ஺ᯠTᵫ@AU☢ᑖVᔣXஹᔣYGH!"ஹ%Ḅ஺%Zᕒ\ஹ]Jஹ^1_ᵨ`%Zᕒ\ᘤᘤஹabcᘤ1ᦪdef஺%1%g"ᜧᜧijkḄᕜmnbUopᑖZ5qrst〉vatஹ%F/Ḅwx஺ᡠz@{|}~?Ḅq:஺vᯠ@⌕ὅ_GHᐹᜓḄ%ஹ%ஹᘤ%1_ᵨ☢Ḅ஺4ᵫ%ᕜm|w~,k'ᙠ%Ẇᑴᩭ3%Ḅ_ᐹᜓᨵᦔḄ%᛻12ᐹ஺x᝞ᙠAX¡¢᪗bcḄᢣ¥¦§ᘤஹ᪀ᑖ᪆¦§ᘤz©ª?Ḅbcஹឋ'¬Ḅbc஺9Ḅ®¯ᜧ°{ᐜ!"◤ᑖ᪆஺IḄ_ᵨ᛻³´µ9ஹ¶·ᜐᳮஹFHᜐᳮஹᑖHᜐᳮஹ¹ºஹ»bᜐᳮஹ¼┯ஹ^¾¿ឋஹ^5☠ឋÁஹᡠᵨḄ}ÂᱯឋஹIḄ⌕ஹᡠᵨᑮḄ᜜Åᜓᱯឋ!"ᢈÇÈÉᑖ᪆1ÊËᑖ᪆஺᪷<◤ᑖ᪆Í_ᙢᑏ◤ᑖ᪆ÐÑÒ஺◤ᑖ᪆ÐÑÒ_ᒹÔÕᑣஹ×Øஹ⌼ஹ5"ឋஹ5᡽ឋஹÛ¼ឋஹ5☠ឋஹᮣÝឋஹÞᐰឋஹ&'ஹᡠᵨàᱏஹâ᪀ãZḄä◅ஹbcḄæឋḄÐÑ஺çYᩭ!"ᭆé஺Iᘤ☢᝞ᦪ<⊤ëஹᢣ¥ஹìᙬஹîï᪀ஹUðஹñᐭ/ñஹôõ᪀!"ᐹ°ö÷Ḅ=>1GH_LMø}ᫀzæ⌱û1w~஺ᨬTýn¦§ஹþÿᡠḄᓄឋḄឋ஺24

251.4ஹᵨஹᘤḄ!"᪀Ḅ$%⌕'()Ḅ*+"᪀,-ஹᵨᘤḄ./0!12ᨵ45ᐭḄ789:;᪵=>?(@A)ḄஹBC☢஺1.4.1!"᪀Ḅ$%F.GHḄᢈJK⌕ᨵ᝞MNO஺1.@PQRᵫTPQRU☢ᔣ⚪X*YḄZ+ᘤḄᐹ\"᪀ᐵ^ᜧ᝞`@(@OabᔜOᵨ◤⌕ḄeᵨPQRfgᵨ;OPQRhᑏḄᵨjkGHT^lḄ+ᘤ஺᝞`mnḄᐰpᡈ@pᑖᵨ;OPQRhᑏᑣtḄ;pᑖukGH஺ᡠkF.GHḄ@OᢈJjU᝞v@PQR(@OwᐰeᵨḄPQRxᡠᨵyzᕒᡠᵨ஺;OᢈJᵨT"᪀|lk}wᐰ^lḄ+ᘤ~PQRyzḄGH஺⚪U}ᯠᨵOPQRᨵ@OUᔜOᵨeᵨḄPQR஺;ᨵkMN☢஺1^lḄᵨ⌶⌕QRḄQYஹQ?"᪀^l஺᝞FORTRAN〉ᵨT*COBOL〉ᵨTᜐᳮḄQ?ஹQY"᪀4ᜧk@஺2QRḄ"᪀¡Y^@஺3ᓽl@OPQRᙠ^lᔆ¥Ḅ+ᘤu^wᐰeᵨ஺4¦§¨2©ªᢰ^¬®¨ᵨḄQRx¯៉ஹᨵ±²u^¬®³´µ¶ḄஹᵨᨵQRhᑏ·¸F¹º»U¼Ḅ஺25

262.¾ᵨᑡ+ᙠᡠᨵ⚞Áᡠᨵ+ᘤ@ᵨ@OPQRÂIÃZÄ+ᘤQR+ᘤPÅyz+ᘤPÆÇஹÈÉឋÆᜧḄÊhQR+ᘤQRḄ@jÆËÃ஺¦|@ᡂÍᦪNOPQRḄÏ᝞`ᙠ@>Ñᑁ^lÓÔḄ+ᘤ~@ÊhQRjkᙠ@>yÕ8ÖÊhQRḄGH⚪஺;OᢈJ×ᵨᙠ"᪀|lᡈ|ØḄ+ᘤ~ḄÊhyzḄGH஺ᑡ+4)ᙢ8Ö7Ú᛻⌕|Ü>BஹᘤᢈJÝÞ!Ḅßà஺Ú᛻|Ü>j^ᵶஹâãஹwᗐåæஹçæ^áèléê^á¾ᵨëḄᘤBᢈJ~ì´ᑁíèîëḄஹឋ^áèḄ+ᘤ஺x7³´Ü>j⌕ᙠ|ï³Ḅé´ðñºᑡ+"᪀^òóᙠ¼>ᑡ+"᪀é⌕ôõö÷஺ᐸtᨬK⌕ḄU¼>)ᑡ+Ḅᢣûஹᦪü⊤þ0ᭆឋ᪀஺⌕ὃ⇋ᵨḄᔜ◤⌕⌕ὃ⇋ᙢᵨᑮḄᔜᡂ"#ᢈ%ᓽ'ᵨ(ᩖஹ᧊,Ḅᡂ"#-.ᐙᑖᢵ2"#3ᡠ5ᩭḄ7ᜐ஺9ᑡ;Ḅ<#=>?;@ABCD⌕ḄEFồ஺#ᙠᔜ>?;ᔆJK=ᙠᢥ9ᑡMN஺IBMOPᙠQὅhijKᐹᨵSlḄ;ᘤmឋnoᢥomឋpᑴḄ;ᘤrsFeVptFeKuvwᦋᙢyᵨaᔜ᫏;ᘤz{|}Ḅᔜ᫏;ᘤ~=(Softwarecompatibility)ḄḄᙠaᡠ◤Ḅ-ul஺2

27zEḄ=yᵨSlḄ9᪀ᩭ"#Ḅ஺ᑣAptᙠBC9ᑡᑁḄᔜ᫏;ᘤAᐳᵨBᝅ9ul஺ᵫa9aprs;ᘤ[}aᐹ¡;ᘤ¢ᡠ£¤;ᘤḄᡂஹ"#¥¦ᜧ-¨¨©◤⌕wᦋᡈD«f>஺9ᑡᑁᔜ᫏;ᘤ[ḄiឋAᨵᔣAᔣ}Ḅul஺ᔣA}®ᢣḄ=ᢥ°᫏;ᘤpᑴḄuvwᦋa±®᫏Ḅ;ᘤA஺lB9ᑡᑁḄB²³ᑮᔣAᔣ}uB´ᱯ=¶;ᘤiᨵᐵḄ"-ឋᔣ}¸£³ᑮ஺¹᫏;ᘤAḄᙠ᫏;ᘤAB²º=£yḄ»=;ᘤᦔ᳛¾ᨵ¿ᑮᐙᑖᢵ¹À஺ÁḼᘤÃÄḄ}Å〉ឋuÇÈᡈᵨ⚞ÊuÇ᡽ᜧḄ◤⌕9ᑡᑁRÌẆᑴ<ᩭḄᔜ᫏;ᘤḄ9᪀ᐕÏÐᓄ஺zᦋл=Èឋᡠ³ḄÒ⌕᡽¹Ó¨¨»=ᦋÔ9᝞pt®Ḅឋ<ᩭwᦋ9᪀Öu×ØrsᵨḄÙᐸ=uÛÜᡈᑤ◀ÀᨵḄßàᑖᢣá᪀஺Y᝞ᙠR<Ḅᔜ᫏;ᘤA£Èptᦔ᳛?iâvãä?ᢣáåæçᜐᳮâvæçᜐᳮᢣáVéåÈ9Ḅ"#ᦔ᳛êëâv°ì9íᵨᢣá¢]஺z᪵ᨵᔣïᐜR[ᑖ஺ᔣïR®ᢣḄ=ᙠᢥ°C-ñᢗᐭôõḄ2Xö;ᘤApᑴḄuvwᦋ¶aᙠ[ïR®ᢗᐭôõḄ;ᘤA஺÷#ᙠpᑴḄFe£RKᵨz=9ᑡḄᨬùú⌕ûᱯü,ᓽ9ᑡ;Òþÿᔣᔣ஺Ḅᐰ⌕ᔣ஺ூ௃ᙠᑡ"#$%&'"ᘤ)ᑡ*+ᔲὃ⇋/01/1%2345ᦪ78&9:;ᩩ45ᜐᳮᢣ@AᢝCDᜐᳮEFḄGH஺22I#JᜐᳮK+L#JᑖNᵫPᩭḄ4N23ᑮ5NST%U᦮#JWX27

28ḄYᐜ[F஺3ᙠCPU9\]^2*Cache]_ᘤ`ab\]cde᳛ghi⌼ᡂḄlឋ+n⚠஺4pqrstuvᜧḄd⚪L"ᘤ#yzᦪḄ){ᜐᳮ|}ᵫPᩭḄឤ"1"}ᦋ2*ᵨ]_ᘤ]){ᜐᳮḄ⊤}஺ᑡ"%&'"ᘤᨬ\⌕ḄXᵨḄᔣ஺ᐜ"ᘤḄEFᙠ☢Ḅ%"ᘤ+᯿᪵☢ᩭḄ%"ᘤb23K+9eYᓄᐸឋ+஺b¡¢£¤¥rs"l᪀i¥rs"§ᡂ9¨©Ḅᑁ«23ஹᑤ®¯°ᦋ±²³Wᑮ´Gµ¶EF9"ᘤµ¶EFᙠᑡ"Ḅ஺·¢¥rs"l᪀ḄᑁḄᔣᑣ+ᐸ23%ḄK+9¹i+ᑤᣵᡈ¼ᦋ½ᨵḄK+ᡈ¹஺ᔲᑣPᨵḄEF+ᙠ%"ᘤ¿À஺ᵫᑖ᪆Â%2345&ᦪ78&9:;ᩩ45ᜐᳮᢣ@ḄbÃÄᯠ¥rs"l᪀Ḅᑁ·Ã%23Ḅᦪ78&9ᢣ@²³Wᑮ½ᨵᢣ@ᡠᑏḄEFḄ¿À©ᙠᵨ%23Ḅᢣ@ᩭᑏEF²Èrs"Ḅឋ+9ᦔ᳛Ê˼Ì஺#JᑖNᵫ4N23ᑮ5NST%U᦮#JWXḄYᐜ[FḄ஺bÃÍ¥rs"l᪀Ḅᑁ஺#JᑖN23XÎᐕÐḄᐵÒT%U᦮#JWXḄYᐜ[F,ÈPᨵEFḄ#JWX[FᦋʳWPᨵEFÔÕḄ¿Àឋ஺2*Cache]_ᘤḄbCache]_ᘤ¥rs"§ᡂḄᑁÖ$×}²ᦋÊPᨵḄlEF9XᵨEF²³WᑮÃÍḄ¿Ø஺ᨵCache]_ᘤlḄឋ+ᨵÚÛḄ஺yzᦪ){ᜐᳮᵫឤ"1"ᦋROM⊤ᐭ}ḄbÃ¥rs"§ᡂḄᑁ28

29¢ᑡ"ᩭᡠÝYᓄឋ+ÞßàᢣḄᙠáâឋ+Ḅ)ãäåhÞßᡈᙠæ$Þßçè)ãäឋ+஺ᙠ⌕é´Gµ¶EFḄ)l᪀Ḅêᨵ▲ḄᨵìíîẚឋḄ§ᡂᢈñ±ò}óᵨ஺ᡠÖ$ឋ⌕éᑮì᎛²õgᩭö÷rs"l᪀ḄøùÊ☩஺b¡½ûüḄᜧä´Gµ¶XᵨýþXÿ᧕஺Ḅ᪀ᨵᑡᭆឋ!"ᘤᡈᑡᡠ&'⍳)Ḅ*ᑮ,-᎛/0123ᑡ4⌕67ᑡ஺3.9:;<=1>9:ᑡ*0ᙠ᪀@ᡈ@A=ᐕCᔣEFC67>ḄᘤGHIJKLMNḄOP஺IJ/᪀ḄᘤGHḄᘤMNOPQ&'Rᑮᙠ,SᘤḄ᪀TIJU,SᘤḄ᪀஺V᪀ḄW⌕X☢——ᢣ\ᩭ^Q⌕ᙠ,SᘤTIJU,SᘤḄᢣ\ᓽU,SᘤMN஺9:X`*〉ᔠcOPdeHfஹᵨiᦪk4lᙠHᐵTnᨵo▲ᑴḄ஺=2;<᝞stWuvwᵨxyz{ᑴ᝞|1-4ᡠ}~9:,ᩩBᘤᢣ\Ḅ᡻eQ◤⌕ᐜAᘤḄᘤMNyzᯠEᩩAᘤᢣ\,xyz஺᝞s0ᵨxyzBᘤḄᢣ\᝞|1-5ᡠ}ᯠQ,y஺SᵨxyzU,Sᘤᢣ\ḄX`Q;<Emulation஺e;<ḄAᘤtW;<ḄBᘤ᪗஺;<ᡠᑏḄyz29

30;

31;<9:ḄW⌕¯°ᙠcᵨḄMN஺;<ᵨxyzᐸyz¦§c{ᑴ¦§ᘤ±²49:ᵨᘤMNyzᐸyz¦§cW¦±஺;?ᔜ-;ᵨ<#᪀ABCDFGHḄ⌕J஺ᐸLMNO67ஹQឋSTUஹVWᵨஹXYZ[-\ஹ]ᓄ_`abஹQO☠ឋஹVWdefg1hiḄ⌕J஺jᵨᡝlmᩭopqr.ᘤḄ;ᵨFtutvqrᙠ8w.ᘤxyz{ᢝ}~Bஹᜐᳮ2zᑴf;ᵨḄ*ᦋz.ᘤ஺IBMᙠ2031

3260LDIBM360f8ᢇyzᐹᨵ☢;ᵨᱯ¢Ḅ£¤¥ᵨ.¦§ᵨᑡ.C©ឋஹSTyḄᔜ᫏.ᘤ஺ᵨᡝO᪷¬y;ᵨ◤⌕ᩭ⌱ᒹ¯᜜Aᦪ±ஹ²Tஹ³´²!ᙳO⌱஺᪗·ḼB.¹º»¼½ᔣᡂÀ஺2060LḄ£¤¥ᵨ.ᭆÂüWᜧஹLÄ.ÅᩭÆÄ.ÇÄ.⌲a23£¤¥ᵨᓄ஺B.Ḅឋ1É5ឋ(³⚣ஹCPUÌÍmஹÎÏஹᦪ¬\Äஹ³´Ð±ஹÑᙬFஹ´ÓÔஹI/OᜐᳮஹÕஹI/OAᜓ±ஹᢣ[f)ஹ45ឋ(QÙÚÛÜÝஹ_`¤ஹᵨᡝMNᒹḄÞf)ஹO☠ឋஹOᵨឋf£-ᢣ᪗Ḅßᔠ஺OàDᔜÄ.ᘤḄឋázâ᝱äåæSThiçᢝ஺2050èᵨé£1ᜧÄ.STḄêḄ.ᘤᐸឋᓾìíWéḄîÇÄ.(ïðiÄ)Ḅឋ஺ÇÄ.Ḅ*+ᨵñòóôõ81ᑭᵨVLSIḄ*+dᢝSTCQឋᔣÆÄ.☠÷øù1dᢝឋúST*+û᫏ḄîÇÄÇÇÄ(üxÄ)B.ý8a᡽ᜧ;ᵨ஺B.;ᵨOÿᔣᓣḄ4ᦪᜐᳮ(DataProcessing)ஹᜐ5fi(InformationProcessing)ஹᜐᳮ(KnowledgeProcessing)ᜐᳮ(IntelligencePro-cessing),1.4.3ᘤḄ᪀Ḅ"#$%&ᡠᵨᘤ)*ᵯ,-ஹᨔ/-ஹ0123ᡂᵯ5ஹᜧ123ᡂᵯ578ᑮ:ᜧ123ᡂᵯ5;<ᵨᡈ>?<ᵨồᓄBᘤஹCDEFGᢈIᐝᵯ,3ᡂᢈI஺$%&ᘤ*ᵯ,-ᑮ0123ᡂᵯ5LᔊN18PQRSᵨN8PTᑮ<ᵨᜧ123ᡂᵯ5஺ᙠVWXᘤḄY<ᵨZ[\N]ᜧ^ᓄᵫ`ᐜ<ᵨbᵨᡝᱏᑮe32

33fᱏᵨᡝᱏ"#Ḽ᪀FᡂᢈIḄ஺bᵨᡝᱏhijᵨᱏᐸYᵫᘤᔆm

34opqḄᘤḄᵨᡝrᓽ&ᘤt$ὅvS<ᵨwᦋ^ᘤᑁzY஺20{|70P}~WeNefᱏᵨᡝ᪷◤⌕ᦋ^ᘤᑁzY஺᝞SᘤPROMஹef▣ᑡFPLA<ᵨᮣY}ὶFᔠ᪀ᡂo஺ᘤ1᦮jᵨ〉ᔠᜧ123ᡂ஺ᵨᡝᱏ¡ᢥᵨᡝ⌕£

35ḄC3ᡂEḄVLSIᘤ¤ᐰᢥᵨᡝ⌕£t$Ḅᵨᡝᱏiᐰᵨᡝᱏ஺ᐰᵨᡝᱏᵫt$ᕜW§t$¨ᵨC├ª0ᡂ«Cᘤᔆm¬w®

36஺ᘤḄᦋ^Nt$Ḅ¯Z[஺°±t$²⌕ᓄ³⁚ḕ¡Ḅ¶ᦪஹ¡ᵯ5Ḅ·ᐭ¹ᦪº¡ᵯ5Ḅᦪ»⁚ḕYὑஹ½¾ᡂ«ஹ¿C8E஺ÀVLSIᩭÂÃ᪵ÅÆÇ

371.5᪀ḄឋḄᑖ1.5.1ឋḄᭆ1.ឋḄឋᒹឋឋ!"஺ឋ#Simultaneityᢣ%&ᡈ(&)*ᙠ,-.஺ឋ#Concurrencyᢣ%&ᡈ(&)*ᙠ,//◞ᑁ.஺ឋḄ2Ḅ3456ᜐᳮ9:;<=⚪Ḅᦔ᳛஺ABCD9ឋᨵBḄF஺1GA᡻IJḄCDᩭL9ឋFᵫNᑮ

38ᑖ4:ᘤYZ——Pᵨᓫᓫgஹ(ᓫgᡈ((gᙠ,&ᕜᑁ(&g9^ᵨᢥᑁᙠ,&ᕜᑁᵨeᱏfgᡈᐰsiᘤᜧgḄ<ஹஹஹᣚFYZ஺ᐺ¢Ḅ£¤¥3ᘤ:¦ὶᘤ4᪶©᪀ᡂḄ¦ὶᜐᳮ஺ᜐᳮᘤYZ——ᢣSḄ«ᢣஹᑖ᪆ஹ᡻9®¯Ḅ°▤±ஹi▤ஹ²ஹ³ᐭஹ´µᓄFYZ9᡻ᙠ/·"¸¹ºᙢ^஺ᐺ¢Ḅ£¤3¹º¼ᜐᳮ஺ᜐᳮᘤYZ——k½"¾¿Àᜧᜐᳮᓫᐗ9ÂÃÄᙠ,ÅᑴᘤÅᑴÇᢥ,ᢣS⌕°iᔣஹᦪzᔜᐗÊYZ஺ᐺ¢Ḅ£¤3▣ᑡᜐᳮ஺ᢣSஹ\]ஹZ`——j3<Ḅ஺2.ឋḄ⌶ÐឋḄ⌶Ðᨵ/"¸ஹÑÒ"¾ÑÒᐳÔF஺(1)/"¸/"¸(Timelnterleaving)3ᙠឋᭆãᐭ/äÊ9Â(&ᜐᳮ½Iᙠ/·¦å┯9ç¹"¸ᙢèᵨ,ᝅê*¿ᜓḄᔜ&Tᑖ9ìê*ᕜíᩭîïD஺(2)ÑÒ"¾ÑÒ"¾(ResourceReplication)3ᙠᭆãᐭö/äÊ9k½"¾¿Àê*ÑÒᩭ;

393.!"#Ḅ$%ឋ&'ᙠI960)*+$%ឋ&',⌕⊤/0"12"Ḅ3$%42"56ᐭ/69:;Ḅ$%஺1960~1970)9/<⍝>ᑖஹ

401966)¸᪍ºMichaelJ.FIynn9ᢥᢣfRᦪoḄ<¼ឋ!"#ᑖ§஺ᢣfvᢣ#ᘤ᡻%Ḅᢣfᑡ஺ᦪovᢣᵫᢣf¿ᵨḄᦪoᑡᒹÀ6ᐭᦪoRNÁ஺<¼ឋvᢣᙠឋÂ⚠BCZᜐÄ᡻%▤ÆḄᢣfᡈᦪoḄᨬᜧ¬Èᦪ஺oÉÊ!"#ᑖᡂᓫᢣfᓫᦪoSinglelnstructionStreamSingleDataStream,SISDᓫᢣf<ᦪoSingleInstructionStreamMultipleDataStream,SIMDஹ<ᢣfᓫᦪoºMISDR<ᢣf<ᦪoºMIMDÌᜧ§஺¸᪍ᑖ§¯᧜9ᜧ<ᦪ!"#Ḅ$%Í;®ÎRN᪀ᱯuᵨÐaÑÒÓÔᑴ#ᘤᑖ§஺Öᦪo!"#ׯᵨ²Y®¯ᑖ§ØÙÑÚᵨḄDEᜐᳮ#Ḅᑖ§©Ûᑗ஺²Yᑖ§ᨵÝ*᧜Í;ÞᳮZḄᱯ⁐஺1978)àáḄâãºDavidJ.Kuck9ᵨᢣfR᡻%ºExecutionstream4ᐸ<¼ឋᩭäå!"#æÔᑴᘤḄN᪀ᱯu஺²᪵èé!"#ᑖᡂ̧ê1ëᓫᢣfᓫ᡻%ºSISE——ᐺQḄᓫᜐᳮ#஺2ᓫᢣf<᡻%ºSIME——î<:;BCḄᜐᳮ#஺3<ᢣfᓫ᡻%ºMISE——îᢣfg<⍝>Ḅᓫᜐᳮ#஺4<ᢣf<᡻%ºMIME—ᐺQḄ<ᜐᳮ#஺1972)àïðñòóôTse-yunFeng9ᵨᦪoᜐᳮḄ$%ᩭõUᙢäåᔜY!"#ᱯឋḄòöᑖ§¯஺èÊ!"#ᑖᡂ̧ê1l÷3÷ºWSBS——ø3÷ᜐᳮ®Î஺ùúÓᜐᳮÈlḄ3᝞üýḄ3÷%#஺2l÷3$ºWSBP——ølºlᱏëᜐᳮ®Î஺ùúᜐᳮÈlḄn3᝞þḄ3$%#஺3l$3÷ºWPBS——ø3º3ᱏëᜐᳮ®Î஺úᜐᳮmÈlḄ13᝞ÿ37

41ὶᜐᳮ▣ᑡᜐᳮ஺4)(WPBP)——ᐰᜐᳮ஺ᜐᳮm஻᝞ὶᜐᳮஹᜧᦪ▣ᑡᜐᳮᜐᳮ஺1977"ὶ#$%Ḅ'$((WolfgangHandler))ᙠ+,ᑖ./0Ạ234506789᪀ᡠ<=ᜐᳮᓫᐗᦪ@=ABᜐᳮḄCᦪḄᑖ./஺D᜜F=GHI᡻KLᡈᢣOḄPᑴ2RSTUVᑖᵫPᑴXYḄPᑴAᵫᦪZXYḄᦪZAᢥ◤]XYḄ^_(Reduction)Gᢥ`XY(PatternDriven)Ḅᓛb(Matching)c஺ூe⁚gh௃1ஹ()ᢣḄkSTUV9᪀ḄlmnoᒹqᐸCᑁtḄᦪZA@PᑴAḄuᡂGlmwScAஹSTuᡂBஹUV9᪀CஹSTnoDஹSTUVwSxᫀzA{᪆zSTuᡂᢣḄkSTUV9᪀ḄlmnoᒹqᐸCᑁtḄᦪZA@PᑴAḄuᡂGlmwSc஺2ஹ()kᙠᭆ~ᐭw78ᩭ3=☠ឋᡈឋAஹB,38

42CஹᐳDஹxᫀzA{᪆zkᙠᭆ~ᐭw78ᩭ3=☠ឋᡈឋ஺3ஹ()kᵨ8/ᵨᡝᢥLAᵨᝅᩭ3ᑭᵨ᳛¢ᙢ¤¥35UVḄឋAஹᐳBஹCஹDஹxᫀzA{᪆zᐳkᵨ8/ᵨᡝᢥLAᵨᝅᩭ3ᑭᵨ᳛¢ᙢ¤¥35UVḄឋ஺4ஹ¦§ஹ78¨©Ḅ0ª«ᑣxᫀz(1)¢ὃ⇋ᙠoᨵ7ஹᘤ8(±⌕klmᘤ8@³´ᘤ8)ᩩ8¶UV⌕ᨵḄឋ·¸¹±⌕Hnoºᵨஹ»¼@ᐸ½ឋ⌕]ᩭ¾ᔠὃ⇋஺(2)⌕ὃ⇋ᑮÁᜓÃᵨ@=ÃᵨḄuᡂᢈÅÆÇ=È⌕ᡈÈᔠᳮᙢ▲ᑴᔜËuᡂஹnoᢈÅḄÃᵨ஺(3)ÈÌH"7”Ḅϼὃ⇋᝞ÐÑ6¢ᵨuᡂᢈÅḄᡂÒ@Ñ6Óᢵᘤ8ᢈÅḄÕÖF¢H""Ḅϼ×᝞ÐØÙ@ÚÛUVḄnoGCÜÝKLḄwS3ÞßஹßàḄ78áᢝãᙠ✌஺39

435ஹåæçᜐᳮèᜐᳮḄ᝞éêḄçAஹçB,ççCஹDஹçxᫀzB{᪆zççåWSBS——çᜐᳮèᜐᳮḄ᝞éêḄç6ஹ¦§STUV9᪀Ḅëឋxᫀzå178ìíîï@ᜐᳮḄᦪZ.ð¸cḄᦪZ⊤ò஺2ᨬô=õᙬᓫஹõᙬË.ஹᙢᙬSTcḄõᙬ஺3ᵨ/øᵨù³ᘤḄwஹᦪúஹûஹᵨ_cḄù³ᘤuü஺å4ýÕᑴᡈþØᢣOḄÚÛ.ðஹ¸ஹ᣸ஹᑴ᪀Ḅᢣ஺5ḄᨬᙬᓫஹᙬஹஹᨬᜧᙬḄ஺6!"Ḅᑖ$%ᑖ&ஹ!"ᜐᳮ)*+,ᐭ.ᙢᙬḄ!"᪀஺7ᘤ&Ḅ1᝱3ᵨᡝ᝱Ḅ67%ᑗᣚ஺8:ᐭ/:<=ᜓḄ?@ஹAᵨஹBஹCDEFஹ<┯ᢣHḄᘤ&I/OE᪀஺9ᔜJᑖḄKLMN3MN᪀Oឋ஺7ஹQRSTᡂ=S⌕W6Ḅ☢ᒹZ[\]^ᫀ`1ᦪbcdefᦪbghijklm〈ḄKLᦪo஺2pᵨJqḄ=rsᔲ=ru◀wஹxyzTஹ{|ᜐᳮஹᙢᙬzTpᵨJq,40

44=rḄᦪ%ᘤ⌕ᑮḄfஹ,pᵨJqḄAᵨ⚣᳛ᨵᐵo஺3oᔜCDJqḄᐳ)fᑖᐳAᵨ)fᯠ▲ᑴf஺=rJqᐳ)fCDklffo஺4o*+JqḄklfsᵨl¡sᵨ¢£ஹB¤ᡈᑖ¦ᑴ3ᜐᳮo஺5oᑴ᪀Ḅᡂᵨ¨q¡s©)ᑴsᓫᜐᳮ¡sᡈ*+ᑖ¦ᜐᳮo஺6o«¬3᣸®ᢈ°Jq᝞²=r,=rᜧḄ«¬ᘤᩭ´µ¶·Ḅf¸஺sᵨ¹ஹᐜ»ᐜ<ஹᐜ»¼<ஹ½ᐜ&¡sᵨ¾¿ᩭÀ᣸ÁqᜐᳮḄo஺7o⚜Äஹ⚜ᑨᢈ°ᵨ[\ÆᑣȽᓄឋ+⚜ÊËᩭlÈo஺8o☠ឋᢈ°ᵨ²ᑍÏ3┯ᢈ°ᩭ☠ឋo஺8ஹQRST=SḄ⌕ÐÑ^ᫀ`1o⌕ÓÔᐸÖᵨ⚞ØspᵨḄ¡scᵨḄ஺2o⌕ÓÔÚqÛsÜᙠÞ&ßj஺3o⌕ÓÔCDᨵ²⌕à஺4o⌕᝞²MáᨵḄ᪗ãᓄ)f஺9ஹQRSTḄ=Sw^ᫀ`1o"ᵫçèé"=Sê"ᵫ⚔ᔣí"=S஺2o"ᵫéèç"=Sê"ᵫíᔣ⚔"=S஺3o”ï!ðñ"ᔣòó=S஺10ஹõᙠᑡ!÷øiùúûᘤéᑡ=õ+ᔲὃ⇋]È[\]1oùþÿᦪᩩᜐᳮᢣᢝᜐᳮḄ஺2!ᜐᳮ"#$!ᑖ&ᵫ(ᩭḄ4&+ᑮ5&./01᦮!341

455Ḅ6ᐜ8஺(3)ᙠCPU@ABCDCacheAIᘤKLM@ANOP᳛RST⌼ᡂḄWXឋ#Z⚠஺(4)\]^_`abᜧḄO⚪$eᘤfgᦪḄhiᜐᳮjkᵫ(ᩭḄឤm"1"kᦋDᵨrsAIᘤAthiᜐᳮuvḄw⊤yzk஺{ᫀ}Wᑡe0eᘤᨬ@⌕Ḅ5ᵨḄᔣ஺ᐜeᘤḄᙠ☢Ḅ0eᘤ#᯿᪵r☢ᩭḄ0eᘤM+"#P6ᓄᐸឋ#஺M¡¢£¤¥¦¢^_eWXu᪀T¦¢^_e¨ᡂ©ªḄᑁ¥¬+ஹᑤ¯°±ᦋ²¥³´3ᑮµ¶·eᘤ¶·ᙠWᑡeḄ஺¸¡¢¦¢^_eWXu᪀ḄᑁḄᔣᑣr#ᐸ+0Ḅ"#ºT¥#ᑤᣵᡈ½ᦋ¾ᨵḄ"#ᡈº஺ᔲᑣ¥(ᨵḄ#ᙠ0eᘤÁÂ஺ᵫᑖ᪆Ä0+ᦪᩩᜐᳮᢣḄMÅÆᯠ¦¢^_eWXu᪀Ḅᑁ¸Å0+Ḅᦪᢣ¥³´3ᑮ¾ᨵᢣᡠᑏḄḄÁÂrªᙠᵨ0+Ḅᢣᩭᑏ³Ê^_eḄឋ#ᦔ᳛ÌͽÎ஺!ᑖ&ᵫ4&+ᑮ5&./01᦮!35Ḅ6ᐜ8¥Ḅ஺MÅϦ¢^_eWXu᪀Ḅᑁ஺!ᑖ&+5ÐᐕÒḄᐵÔ/01᦮!35Ḅ6ᐜ8,Ê(ᨵḄ!358ᦋÌ´3(ᨵÖ×ḄÁÂឋ஺11ஹØÙÚÛÜᵨWᑡe⌶ÞḄßkà6g஺(1)jk}ᙠஹáâ☢DãÎäåWXu᪀=D^ὅᢥ᯿D^áD^ὅ᪷eᘤPஹឋ#ஹêëḄ¥ì=⌱î¥ìᘤஹá¨ᡂஹ©ªᢈðẆᑴ.ó¥ì᫏8Ḅeᘤ.42

46(2)6g}bÎᙢ\]÷᛻⌕ùú¡ûãáஹᘤᢈðüPḄýþÿ᛻ஹஹᗐஹᵨḄᘤ#$ᢈ&'()ᑁᓽ,ḄஹឋḄ.ᘤ஺43

47021ᦪ3⊤5ஹ6ᙬ89:ᢣ<=>?1@ᦪ3⊤5ஹ6ᙬ89ஹᢣ<=>ᩭᑖ᪆DEFGHὅ,JK᪵Ḅ.ᘤMN☢,QᔠᳮTUஹ$VᑖW஺ᙠYᢝM[\:.ᘤ[\ஹ]^=>:H_.=>`᪀ஹEFGH᛻:H_.=>`᪀'b〉dḄ[efghiᑖ᪆j᪵ᩭᦋTH_.=>`᪀lmno[efgḄ⌶q஺ᨬstuRISC`᪀஺2.1ᦪ3⊤52.1.1ᦪ3⊤5:ᦪ3`᪀ᦪ3⊤5ᢣḄwᵫH_.$yz#{ᵨḄᦪ3|}⊤~ᙠᨵ|}Ḅᦪ3TU]^Ḅᢣ<#_஺ஹஹ᪘ஹᔣஹ▣ᑡஹ⊤ஹ᪛ஹw⌕ᜐᳮḄᔜᦪ3`᪀᧜ᵨ⌕ᵨᑮḄᔜᦪ3ᐗᡈᓫᐗ'bḄ`᪀ᐵ=஺ᦪ3`᪀w⌕¡᧜¢£ᣚᡂH_.ᡠᐹᨵḄᦪ3⊤5ᩭ¨~Ḅ஺©)ḄH_.ªᨵ«ᦪ3⊤5⌕¬ᵨ«ᦪ®ᵨ¯°«ᦪᩭᑖz⊤5ᐸ▤ṹ#´ᦪ஺᪵¯°«ᦪḄ_w¡µ¶·°ᑖz᧜¢ᡂH_.Ḅ¯°«ᦪ⊤5ᩭTU_#ᜐᳮḄ¸8¹º»¼ᦔ஺¾ḼÀÁᜐᳮḄ◤⌕H_.ÃÄᜧᜐᳮᓝTᑴᦪDÈᙠH_.ÉÊᓝTᑴ_ᢣ<#Ḅ_$ËÌÍ-ᓝTᑴᦪTU_#ᜐᳮ஺᪵Ï©ᐜÃ10Ñ2ÒEFµᓝTᑴᦪÑᡂÍTᑴᦪsᙠH_.ÓTUÍTᑴ_ÔÕᵨ2Ñ10ÒEFµÍTᑴ`ÖÑᡂᓝTᑴᦪ×Ø⌕8¹#ᦔ®Ù஺44

482.1.2Mᦪ3⊤51.Ûeᦪ3⊤5Ûe(Self-defining)ᦪ3⊤5ᒹÝ᪗ßàᦪ3⊤5#ᦪ3áâà¯|஺(1)᪗ßàᦪ3⊤5ᙠᦪ3⊤5Ón(M[\:.ᘤ[\Ḅ[efgḄä⚪©ᙠ20æç60èéêëìᑮíî஺ᙠᜐᳮ_à#ᦪ3|}Ḅᐵ=ÓM[\#.ᘤ[\Ḅfz»ᜧ஺M[\ᵨ|}ïð[ñᢣðᦪ3|}òᦪ3|}ËÌ:ᦪ3?óὶ=ᙠ·õ_à᧜ᦪ3|}wᵨḄ.(2)ᦪ3áâà⊤5DT·÷øù᪗ßàᡠᓰḄûüýbᔣஹᦪþஹÿᦪᵫᐗឋ,ᦪ஺ᦪ᪗Ḅᙠ᪗ᦪ!Ḅᔠ#ᙠ$#%ᓫᐗ'ᓫᦪḄ()ᱯ+,ᦪᑣ.ᦪᑖ0#1ᵨᡠ⌕56Ḅᦪ᦮ᙽḄ9ᓫḄ56:ᦪᙽᡈᦪᐗᡠ⌕Ḅᙢᙬ>?ᐸABC஺2.ᔣGஹᦪIᦪ⊤KLᔣGஹᦪIᦪM᪀ḄOPQRSTUVWXḄYZ[ᢝḄ]^_`ᔣGஹᦪIᦪ⊤KIᡂᔣGb᝞STAR-100CRAY-1஺ᨵᔣGᦪ⊤KḄᜐᳮbgᔣGᜐᳮb᝞ᔣGhibஹ▣ᑡbஹὶᜐᳮb஺3.ᚮ᪘ᦪ⊤Kᚮ᪘ᦪM᪀ᙠopqrstᵨ'uᨵᵨLvᦔOPxyzTb{`ᨵᚮ᪘ᦪ⊤K஺ᨵᚮ᪘ᦪ⊤KḄzTb|Lᚮ}zTb஺ᚮ᪘zTb⊤P:45

491ᵫvR#ᘤIᡂḄYZᚮ᪘▬ᑴᵯ.#'Ḅᚮ᪘ᙠ᪀ᡂ᦮ᚮ᪘Ḅ56R#ᘤḄG#Ḅ஺2ᨵḄᚮ᪘ᢣuᚮ᪘'Ḅᦪ¡¢ᔜ¤STᜐᳮ஺3ᨵ¥ᙢ[ᢝ¦v§¨©rsḄop஺ᨵ¥ᙢ[ᢝ¦qrsḄªᝅ⌴tᵨ஺4ᨵ¥ᙢ[ᢝ¦qrsḄªᝅ⌴tᵨ஺2.1.3®ᐭᦪ⊤KḄ°ᑣ±᪷³´#%ᘤ$µ¶ឋḄ#%M᪀.⌕·¸¹ᵨḄºµ»ᦣᦪM᪀ᨵḼuᜧ¿஺ᓽÁ|ÂGᜧºÃxÄs#%Å»ᦣᑖÆḄÇÈᯠxᑭᦪM᪀ḄOP஺᝞Ë᪷OPᦪM᪀Ḅ◤⌕ᩭ`zᦋ¡zTbÏÐM᪀ÑÈÒÓḄ஺⍳ÕÖ×°ᑣᩭØÙzTbḄᦪ⊤KÇ6⚪ÛÜÝᩖ஺◀¦à³ᦪ⊤Kxy᜜ᐸAv§ᦪ⊤KḄ®â±ã]☢ᩭ⊝G஺°ᑣ1æÏÐḄᦔ᳛ᔲᨵé℉UvᒹìOPíî#%ïîᔲᨵé℉ðy஺OPíîᔲðyñ⌕æᙠ#ᜐᳮbòîó〈ḄBCGᔲðy஺ó〈ḄBCGõyOPíîgõy஺°ᑣ2æ®ᐭǤᦪ⊤Köᐸ÷ᵨឋᑭᵨ᳛ᔲUv஺᝞øùú¤ᦪM᪀ḄOPᦔ᳛uvÅᐸAᦪM᪀ḄOPᦔ᳛uûᡈὅ®ᐭǤᦪ⊤KᙠÑᵨ'uyᵨᑮþ×LᡠὑḄᓾᙠឋᑮᜐᯠឋḄᱯᩖḄᦪ#⊤%஺2.1.4()ᦪ*ᦪ+,ᜧ./0ᜐᳮ23Ḅ⌱56.⁚8ᔠ:;()ᦪ#⊤%*ᦪ+,ᜧ.<=>?@ABCDᜫḄ*ᦪ0ᜐᳮ24

503Ḅ⌱5FGᙠH:+6ᦪ#⊤%IJ◤⌕ὃ⇋ḄO⚪<ὃ⇋ḄQR/23஺1.()ᦪ*ᦪ+,Ḅ⌱5TU@VW;XYIᵨ()ᦪ⊤%[ᦪᵨ:)ᦪ⊤%ᨵ]ᜧḄ^⊤%ᦪ`஺abU@Vcdᵨefg2-1ᡠ%Ḅi⊤%j()ᦪ஺g2-1AḄ▤ṹmᑖᒹpq▤r/▤,smᑖ஺▤ṹmᑖ^ᵨtṹஹ⊡ṹᡈxṹyz{|ṹ}⊤%஺a~⊤%p+1▤ṹmᑖA=>▤,ᜧ.Ḅ[▭ᨵp஺数阶▤ṹ*ᦪ符符mᑖ.ᦪ)mjVᘤ}yಘ}g2-1()ᦪḄiᦪA[ᦪᙠᦪᑖḄ஺ᵫU@VW;ᨵ▲()ᦪ⊤%ᦪᑖᦣஹsjḄmᑖᦣ,᝞g2-2ᡠ%஺⊤Ḅ⊤ᦪ⊤#ᦪḄᦣ!#!Ḅᦣ#XXXXXX------S--------------------ெXMMXXXXXXᦪ%g2-2()ᦪ^⊤%[ᦪAḄ,ᯠ()ᦪ▤,Ḅᦪp⌕=>sj^⊤%Ḅᜧ.ᓽ^⊤%ᦪḄ`ᜧ.*ᦪḄᦪm⌕=>ᙠ^⊤%A⊤%,ḄBC஺ᵫU@VA*ᦪᦪ▲ᑴ[ᦪBH⊤%¡aaᵨ¢£¤Ḅ^⊤%ᦪᩭ¤f⊤%¦§Ḅ¨©ᜧ.ªᦪḄ⊤%BC஺2.()ᦪ*ᦪḄ0ᜐᳮ23«b?@AḄBCDᜫᐵ⌕ᜐᳮ?@A*ᦪ®W;Ḅmᑖ¯°BCDᜫᨬ47

51.஺☢³´()ᦪ*ᦪ0Ḅµ¶ᜐᳮ23஺y1}¸¹3¸¹3º*ᦪ®U@VW;Ḅmᑖ¸»ᐸ¨©½¾᝞g2-3ᡠ%஺g2-3¸¹3ᨬᜧ¨©ᙠ᦮ᦪI£¤1y᝞"11¸¹ᡂ"11"},ᙠᑖᦪI£¤2ᵪy6ÆÇ22,᝞".01¸¹ᡂ"01ÊËᦪ̦§¨©◀ÎÏᙊ)ᜐѨ©஺ᙊ)ÒXÓ¸¹¨©ᙠaY*ᦪ,IᙳᒴᑖḄ஺ÖU×ᙳ¨©ÇØ¢ᜧÑ3Ù⁚஺Ú¶23Ḅᜐ[ÛᨬÜᓫaxÞa◤⌕ᜐᳮIᵫᨬᜧ¨©¢ᜧ×ᙳ¨©ᜧØÑ3Ù⁚ßàb¯ᵨ஺y2}áᐭ3áᐭ3ᙠU@V?@Ḅã:W;°᜜xå▬Þçè0mᑖḄᨬéêTëì*ᦪ0ᜐᳮIº▬ÞÞ1yíëᑴ᦮ᦪXTÞ0.5,íëᑴ.ᦪXTÞ2«”ñ}஺ᐸ¨©½¾᝞g2-4ᡠ%஺48

52ᜐᳮ()00100100,IIII10oo*o|oi*o|io;o|n+o|oo*oX01J11H100K110J1g2-4áᐭ3ᨬᜧ¨©᦮ᦪÇ0.5᝞"1010...0"áᐭᡂ"11",ᑖᦪÇ2Þ}y6ÆÇ2-2,᝞”.oiio...o"áóᡂ".10"}஺Ëᦪ¨©ᨵᨵy᝞".ioor.1"áᐭᡂ".io",⌼ᡂ¨©Ê".1010...0"áóᡂ".11",⌼ᡂ¨©Ê”.0100...0"áᐭᡂ".01”,Ѩ©}஺ÖU×ᙳ¨©õ஺ᶍ÷×ᙳ¨©Ñ3Ù⁚஺Ú¶23Ḅᜐ[ÛÜᓫxÞḄàbᨬᜧ¨©.×ᙳ¨©£¤ø஺⌕ù)ᜐᳮúC᠒◤⌕üᙠᦪḄ▬ÞÞ1<¡¦§ëḄI஺ᨬýþÿ◤⌕ᦪᨬᨬᦪ஺ᡠᙠ!"#ᡈ⌕%&'(ᜫ*+Ḅ-ᔠ/ᵨ12஺3ឤ4"1"5ឤ4"1"567!"#8"Ḅ9:;<Ḅᨬឤ4="V஺>?@5ḄAᜐ6CDᨬEᓫG◤⌕HIJKLᜐᳮNOPᙳRSTU0஺V⌕WX6ᨬᜧRSᨬᜧZ[49

53]5Ḅ^⌕ᜧ஺2ᵨUஹ!"#஺UᨬᜧRSᜧḄ`⚪ᵫUஹ!"#Ḅᦪᦪ⌕Z+ஹcd#Ḅ

54ṹஹ⊡ṹᡈ6ṹßᦪ¢£~G62Ḅ᦮ᦪḄÊËḄÈâ2ᜧ°±,ᡠGãὃ⇋஺2.2æᙬ@¼æᙬ@¼ᢣḄ6ᢣçᢥéê@¼æ¯iᡈë`Áᑮᡠ◤ḄìíᦪᡈîïḄ஺æᙬ@¼ᙠ2᪵ឋஹᮣóឋஹæᙬõஹᙢᙬ᧜÷"5Lᙢᙬøᣚ'ú@☢üᨵÂþᜧḄÿ஺2.2.1ᙬḄ☢ᔣᦪஹᘤஹᚮ᪘ᑖᙬᑖᨵ☢ᔣஹ☢ᔣᘤ☢ᔣᚮ᪘Ḅᙬ஺☢ᔣḄᙬ⌕!"#$!"ᘤ஺☢ᔣᘤḄᙬ⌕!"ᘤ#$!"ᚮ᪘஺☢ᔣᚮ%Ḅᙬ⌕!"ᚮ᪘#$!"ᡈᘤ஺☢ᔣḄᙬᔜᨵᱯ)*+,-ᙢ/01ᨬ345*6Ḅ78*6Ḅ9:▤<=>?*6Ḅ@A஺ᙠCᵨᘤEFGHIᚮ᪘Jᚮ᪘ᙬK+LMᢝOPQR78F⊤TḄUV78ḄWᵨXYGLHICᵨᘤḄᦪ$LZ#U[\ᓄᑖ^ᘤḄ_`஺ᙠᚮ᪘EFGLHI☢ᔣᘤḄᙬ◀GLbc!"᪘⚔᜜f+!"᪘FghᓫᐗkGLlmnᚮ%ᡈHl᪘⚔ᘤoᩭqOᚮ᪘Ḅrst஺ᵫᢣwFxyḄz{ᙢᙬ᝞}~ᡂ:ᦪᙢᙬᨵ᝞ᓽஹbcஹcஹஹᙬᙬᙠᳮFᨵ஺ᔜFḄ*6ᡠL*ᙠᙬᙠᢣwFḄᢣ஺51

552.2.2ᙬᙠᢣwFḄᢣᙬᙠᢣwF1ᨵ*6Ḅᢣ*6ḄGᵨᐸFḄ1஺1ᓰᵨ:ṹFḄ£¤¥ᩭᢣ஺¦᝞20§¨70©ªᡃ¬lḄDJS200ᑡᢣw-FcᙢᙬEbcᙢᙬ¯°±²EḄᢣw³1᪵µᙠ¶8¥:ṹFḄᨬO¥·501,ᐸ¸¹:ᦪºᵨbcᙬX·511,ᐸ¸¹:ᦪºᵨcᙬ஺ᢣw:ṹ»6¥1᪵[⊤¼61ᐹ¾:஺¿1*ᓰᵨ:ṹᙠᙢᙬṹÀᑖÁÂlmᙬ¥Ã<ᢣ஺¦᝞VAX-11ᢣwFÄÅḄ:ᦪᔜᨵ4¥ᙬ¥Ã<LᢣÄÅḄ:ᦪGᵨḄᔜᙬ஺Æᢣᙠ*6ḄÆᨵºᵨ஺ÇRᙬ¥ḄᙬᮣÉ:ṹÊË◤ÁÂḄᙬ¥Ã<஺Í:ṹᙬ¥ḄÎ¥ᦪᩭÏG+=Çᓰᵨ:ṹF£¤¥ᩭᢣḄ⌕Ð஺ÑᙠᩭÒAᵫz{ᙢᙬᣚᡂᱥᳮᙢᙬÕ7FᡠºᵨḄ¥ᢈ×"⚪஺2.2.378ᙠFḄ¥ᢈ×z{ᙢᙬ78ᕒ7ᵨḄᙢᙬ஺ᱥᳮᙢᙬ78ᙠFḄÚ▭ᙢᙬ஺ᨬÜḄ78ᦪÝÞᙠFḄ¥mᵫ78ᕒ7[ᢣḄᱥᳮᙢᙬz{ᙢᙬ1᪵Ḅ4ᵫz{ᙢᙬ᪀ᡂḄz{ᙢᙬà¯Yá78à²ᵫÚᙢᙬ᪀ᡂḄᱥᳮᙢᙬà¯YáÚà²Y1âḄ஺ãḼå78ஹU78:-ḄyÑÄ78ᦋᵨçèஹ᪗èêᙬ஺¤çèê᪀ᡂḄêáàCÕåᡈUëUᡂz{ᙢᙬà஺F6[Þ⍝7878ᕒíᐜïðñ⍝78òóᙠFḄôõ¥m4ᔜ⍝78Ḅz{ᙢᙬ+ö0÷52

56øᙬ஺ᱥᳮᙢᙬö0÷øᙬḄ1ùúឋà஺᪵z{ᙢᙬàᱥᳮᙢᙬà*1âḄ஺ü78óᐭ[Í◤⌕þÿᙢᙬᑮᱥᳮᙢᙬḄᣚᓽḄ᝞2-11ᡠ஺A⍝ᐭᙢᙬa!Ḅᱥᳮ"#$%&'(ᢣ*Ḅᙢᙬṹ,᪷./01ᙬ2345,Ḅᣚ஺6᝞ᵨ891ᙬஹ91ᙬ;ᙬ1ᙬ<=#.?,@ᢣ*"ḄᙢᙬABCaDEFGHᓽᦪ;5Gᙢᙬᑣ/AaD஺(1)☟᝱NᑭᵨVonNeumannPQᘤᢣ*STᦋḄᱯWᙠYḄᐭ#ᵫᐭᵨ[\2]^YḄḄᙢᙬᣚᡂᱥᳮᙢᙬ᡻#.ᱥᳮᙢᙬ/Nᦋabcᢈe$☟᝱N஺20fg60hijklmᵨn⍝oᢣ*ᙢᙬṹSpTᦋqroB⍝ᙢᙬᦋ┯Fmᐸuv┯஺0#ᢣ*(ᒹyᙢᙬṹ)ᐕ{Tᦋ|}~%ḄSᐭ஺ᵫᢣ*TᦋBv┯]ᑮᦑo/ᑭᦑ;ஹᢈeḄᵨᩭ%஺(2)᝱N20fg60hiv"ᢣ*/Tᦋ஺/Tᦋᢣ*ᙢᙬṹ᝞ᙢᙬᑮᱥᳮᙢᙬḄᣚᕖ¡ᙠᔾ£ᙬ1ᙬḄ¤¥v%¦ᙬ1ᙬ]᝞2-6ᡠ஺§A5,Ḅ¦ᙬ¨ᘤ;ᙢᙬA]ᘤ©\ᙠ/4ᣚ89ᐭḄ0#@ᐭḄj!ᙢᙬaᐭG,ª⍝mᵨḄ¦ᙬ¨ᘤ"஺᡻#«⌕®ᙢᙬA]ᘤ@ᙢᙬA¯¦ᙬ¨ᘤḄ¦ᙬ°ᡂᱥᳮ(ᨵᦔ)ᙢᙬ³<ᓽS஺´☢¶·®ᙢᙬᣚ#¸/¹ᡠᨵᢣ*Ḅᙢᙬṹ?⌕ᦋSᙠᢣ*"A5,᪗»ᩭᢣ¼ᢣ*ᙢᙬ¹ᔲ◤⌕A¦ᙬ஺¡^ᙠ᡻¿ᩩᢣ*#Á°ᡂ<ᱥᳮᙢᙬḄ2]a$53

57᝱N஺委=:一且4Jn宦_一.室三=岩裳工iI=W.=S一1=3>«X=』mZ=:f工l芭二H一一?:=£三E:^-=多-l(Fr-~-:昊i"一i二M^-B=i三二三-»曼更丝空P考li<一z寻专一im注RH口=心n三星身要Wi彰icW盘黑H一韭s倨.皋务J一>=好SM三亚邈-=笠净-=.T:二成短戒三三三=三三三_”==一至==.•一一-.==_£.=_.工岑一李二i至二至一・二三-*a.孝■三匕三二=F=芍=二二羊====4ߟ嗫=:一£一:-=-度_“-,之:至;,.一===IH=霞至_冢=_》堂£-|_一_s==s三3sii|工差HHr:sNH・=_M三工变=K裳=|i.11|£零二£^宣趣M巡端=|号=.冷-£i:a俺参T=X*si二1fe::i^苍.二章=.士08一_8-a一,茶rm一»一警~UHHn.f5!刍K更as!一-』-“~¦ᙬ1ᙬÊᙬ1ᙬᳮ¯5ËÌ/¹0BᭆÎ஺ᙬ1ᙬ¹GÏ᝞ᔣÑஹᦪÒÓᦪ.ᙽ(ÕḄÖᢝpØḄÙÚ஺¦ᙬ1ᙬ¹GᙢᙬᑮᱥᳮᙢᙬᣚḄÖᢝpᑭḄ᝱N஺ᡠp¦ᙬ1ᙬ;ᙬ1ᙬ?r0#ᵨᑮ஺¦ᙬ1ᙬ@ᐭ°ᡂᱥᳮᙢᙬᦋᡂᵫᙢᙬA]ᘤ©\°ᡂAÛ%ᙢᙬᣚḄÜÝ03Þᙢᙬ᧜à⊤ᙢᙬAâ]⌕ãᕒᡠᵨåᙬ/æçv▭ḄéÑ஺20fg70hiᵨÞêëᘤ§A%᧜à⊤©\mSpç®▭஺2.2.4ᱥᳮ"ìíḄëᑖïqBðñÕQr0#òᨵóÝ/0Ḅncìíbôìíᙠëᘤ",᝞ëᕖpIBM370$6ìíᨵõ⁚÷8øஹùõ÷úõ⁚øஹᓫõ÷4õ⁚ø;úõ÷8õ⁚øÓ/0óÝ஺óÝ64ᓽBCëᕜýS<=8Cõ⁚஺ᵨᢥõ⁚åᙬ/0óÝḄìí¹ᵨªìíḄ✌⁚ᙢᙬᩭᙬḄ஺᝞ᐕḄ᝞!2-13aᡠ#஺$%&'()ᡈ+)54

58&'ᨵ.ᓾ⌕12ᕜ45678ᑮ:℉<=>78?'஺@>AB.᎛ᡠ◤ḄEFᵨᕜ478ᑮ⌕HᙠJKḄᙢᙬLMNO&'P⁚ᦪRḄ᦮ᦪT஺ᔲᑣW6XYKZ.[@ᙢᙬᨵ┯]^78஺N_ᙠᘤJKḄᙢᙬLMN⁚ᙢᙬ@X...XXXXaᙢᙬ@x...xxxOᓫᙢᙬ@X...XXOOcᙢᙬ@X...XOOOdNᙠᘤJᢥ᦮ᦪḄᭆg஺ᙠᘤJᢥ᦮ᦪh)ij78?'NL⌕ḄkN⌼ᡂnoḄpqrs஺t᝞⌕uvᙠJK⁚ஹaஹcஹᓫஹᓫ+5xyz᝞!2-7aᡠ#{ᯠ]ᨵnoḄrsk78aஹc}ᨬḄᓫᙳ◤1s2ᕜ4஺ᵨᙠᘤJᢥ᦮ᦪ᝞!2-7bᡠ#{rs>7⁚nok78ᐸJḄᙳF◤ᕜ4஺:ᯠdN?'}!2-7ᔜ&'Ḅayzbᢥ᦮ᦪ4Ḅ(ஹᵫ)?'=(]⌕ᢥ᦮ᦪ55

59ஹᜧஹJᜧ?'⌕HEᢥ᦮ᦪ஺ḼᘤḄ]<:℉ᜧ@ij78?'ᙠᙠᘤJLMᢥ᦮ᦪL⌕>஺2.3ᢣ¢£¤Ḅ¥¦}§ᓄ2.3.1ᢣ¢£¤¥¦Ḅ©ª«ᑣᢣ¢£¤N¬¥¦ὅ¯¦Ḅ⌕°ឋN²ஹ³Ḅ⌕☢ᙠµᜧ¬'¶·>¦ᐹᨵḄ©ª¹6஺¥¦}ºᢣ¢£¤⌕»ὃ⇋᝞Bᨵᑭ)¿À£¤Ḅ©ª¹6ᨵᑭ)§ᓄ¦Ḅឋ6Áᨵᑭ)ᢣ¢£¤ÂḄXÃ}ᦋÅ஺ᢣ¢£¤Ḅ¥¦ᒹÇᢣ¢Ḅ¹6PÈÉÊஹᙬËÌ}ᐹÍÈÉᑁR}ᢣ¢ÌḄ¥¦஺Ï▭¶dq⌱Ò}¥¦]NÓÔḄ஺Êᢣ¢Ḅ¹6ÕÖ×ᦪØ⊤#Ḅ⌱ÒÚᑗyᐵᢣ¢JᙢᙬṹḄ¥¦ᑣÕᙬËÌᨵḼÞßὶ£áᢣ¢£¤Ḅ¥¦»âᵫã䬥¦åᕒ磤è᪀¥¦åᕒᐳçëᔠᩭÅí஺î@©ªÈÉWᙠBᨵ©ªᢣ¢Ḅ£¤¶Ïkᢣ¢£¤]çï᧜ÈÉḄ.o}Ïᦔ᳛ó]çᡠôᙠ¥¦õḄᢣ¢£¤.ö⌕ᢥô÷øïùúvᙢÅíÞûᢣ¢£¤Ḅᦔ6üᑮµ@ý஺dq÷øuv@þ1᪷ᵨᢣḄᑖᐹḄᢣ஺2ᵨᢣḄᔜḄ஺3!ᔜ"#ᑏᜧ&Ḅ'()*+',ᢣḄ-.ṹ0ᙬ23ᦔ56ᔲ89:஺4;<⚣>Ḅᢣ?@ᔠᦋᡂDᩩFG5HᢣᓽᦋᵨJK23L>MN5

60;⚣OPQḄᢣḄ-.ᦋᡂᵨRSḄᢣTᡂḄᢣ?ᩭVᡂᓽᵨWK23L>஺ᢣXDYᑖZᱯᩗXᱯᩗX]஺ZᱯᩗXᢣ^⌕`ᵨᕒbᵨcd`ᕒbᵨ஺ZᱯᩗXᢣᒹf"ghij"ஹᦪm〈ஹopj"ஹqr?ஹᓝ)ᑴj"ஹuᑴvwxuᑴyz஺ᱯᩗXᢣ{`ᕒbᵨᵨᡝ}ᩗbᵨ஺ᵨᡝ{ᨵᐜᢣZᱯᩗXᵨ-.ᵫ-.ᩭbᵨᱯᩗᢣ஺ᐸ<ᨵ"I/O"ᵨᡝ᛻ஹyஹᳮஹuᑴ᝱ஹyz஺ᙠᢣ¡ὅ£᪀ὅḄ⌕¥6ᨵ:ᜧ¦§Ḅ஺ὅ⌕¥ᢣᐹᨵ¨1ª᦮ឋ஺!®Ḅ-.¯°Ḅª±஺²᝞!qḄ-.´!q⁚Ḅ-.D᪵-.·¸ᡂḄᩩKṹ⌕D᪵!ᔜ¹ᵨºᘤḄbᵨª±▲ᑴ⌕D᪵y஺2!¾ឋ஺²᝞ᨵA-BrA,°¡ᨵA-BTBMᨵ-A+B'CTD,cᨵA+BxC—D,᪵ËÌ஺3ÎÏឋᐰ5ឋ஺᝞Ñᨵ⌱ÓL>°DG5ÔÕÖ¡×L>ØḄᑖ᪆▲±-.{5ᨵD⌱Ó23஺4ÛÜឋ஺ᢣ<ᔜÝÞ°ßàḄqá᝞-.XஹᦪXஹ0ᙬ23yᙠṹ¡âÞᐵâÎÏ஺²᝞ä#-.qå᝞ÑᢥçḄºᘤḄè6᜻ᦪᡈᏔᦪèìíîïḄðñ஺5dTᔠឋ஺óᢣ<ᡠᨵ-.!ᔜ0ᙬ23ᦪX85〉ᵨ஺6d᡽ᐙឋ஺⌕ᶇᨵD±ᦪ&Ḅᑍû-.ṹüËü·᡽ᐙHᢣ஺£᪀ὅᑣþÿ1ᢣṹ〉஺ᢣᢣḄᔠᢣᵨḄᢣḄ஺ᢣᦪ!"#⁚ḕ!"ᡠ◤Ḅ()*+!"᡻-57

61/01(2ᢣḄ3ᦪ4Cacheஹ6(Ḅ0783ᦪᨵᑭ!"Ḅ;-/+<4=>ᢣ?@ᩖBCDE᩽GHI஺2JKឋ஺M?ᑡOPQRSTUCᔣWJKXYZᢣGᑤ◀]^ᦋᢣḄ஺`aᙠcdᢣ?@/efᕜὃ⇋jkl᧕஺3〉nឋ஺opqᢈstuvᓄ/ᢣ?@xyHIᙢᵨBCᩭDE஺4|},ᢣ?@cdGXὃ⇋ᵨoḄpqDEn〉nWvᓄḄpqᢈs4HIDE஺ᢣ?@Ḅcdn/8J!"cdὅ]?@᪀cdὅὅḄ⌕஺2.3.2ᢣṹḄᓄᢣᵫṹ]ᙢᙬṹᑖᡂḄ஺|ᢣḄᓄᩭ}ᢣ᝞ᵨᨬḄᦪᩭ⊤ᢣḄ¡¢]ᙢᙬ¡¢>!"ᢣḄ£ᙳ¥#ᨬ஺Raᙠṹᓄ¦⌕ᵨᑮ¨©ª«¬ᭆ®஺¨©ª«¬ᭆ®Ḅ¯°±²oᔜ´µCt¶Ḅᭆ᳛Gᙳ¸/¹ᵨᓄᢈsMt¶ᭆ᳛ᨬḄµCᵨᨬḄᦪº/+ᩭ⊤ºᜐᳮPM½Eᭆ᳛¾¿ḄµCᐕÁᵨ¾#Ḅᦪº/+ᩭ⊤ºᜐᳮ|=>⊤ºᜐᳮḄ£ᙳᦪº/+¬஺ẆÃṹḄᓄ⊤1⌕R¬ᢣ¥#!"ᦪÄYZᢣ¥⊤Ḅ¡¢]ᙢᙬ¡¢஺⌕MṹÅ-ᓄ⊤|◤⌕Æ⍝È´ᢣᙠ!"½EḄᭆ᳛º>ᵨ⚣ÊËÌMᜧÎÏᨵḄᐺÑ!"Å-@dÒ஺ூÔ௃EᎷc×ØÑOᐳᨵnn=7ᩩᢣ>ᵨ⚣Û⊤2-8ᡠ஺Üṹᵨ58

62Ý#ṹ⊤◤Þßlog2nlºᓽ3஺Pᢥ¡¢âãäoᔜ´ᢣḄ½Eåæçè/ºD▭jGê᝞aṹḄ¡¢ë᱘º¡¢ëᡠíḄ£ᙳ¡¢ÎH=-£pjog2ᓄ/=!ᵫ⊤2-8ḄᦪîÒH=-fpjogzp,=2.17,}ï⊤ð7´ᢣḄṹ£ᙳX◤/1=12.17ᓽ஺Eᙠᵨ3Ý#ṹ⊤¡¢ᑍòRD▭£ᙳṹ#/_3-2.17D▭£ᙳṹ#ÊôÊ“28%åoᜧ஺R¡¢ᑍòᦋᵨ¨©ªṹ஺ᢣ>ᵨ⚣P,ᢣ>ᵨ⚣P஺/)0.400.0440.300.03&0.15h0.03h—0.05—õ2-8×ØÑOᢣ>ᵨ⚣öÔᑭᵨ¨©ª÷ø᪀⌼¨©ª᪛஺ûᡠᨵ7ᩩᢣḄ>ᵨ⚣ᵫüᑮᜧ᣸"È3⌱ÿᐸᨬḄ⚣ᔠᡂ⚣ὅḄ஺ᢥ⚣ᜧᑮ!"#$ᔠḄ⚣%஺᝞'()*+,ᑮᐰ.⚣ᔠ/01ᡂ᪷3஺456ᔣ!89ᑖ;ᑖ<ᑖ=ᵨ?@ṹḄ"O"ᡈ"1"ᩭ⊤E஺F2-9G;H'IḄJKL᪛஺ᵫOJKLPṹḄQṹRSTUVṹḄWXYZ[\H]ṹḄ^ឋ`aឋ஺0.030.030.04b0.150300.40F2-9JKL᪛dI

632.3.3ᢣfghiḄjᓄlᨵnṹḄjᓄoᨵᙠᙢᙬṹsᙬtiuvwxyz{|?ᦪ~UḄ஺ᢣfgT⊤EḄnᦪᙢᙬḄsᙬ|ᜧᘤ⌕ᢣfḄᙢᙬṹVT`▭ḄᙢᙬVz{S`஺ᙠᜧsᙬḄW!USᔜ¢£¤ᩭ¥QᢣfḄᙢᙬṹ?ᦪḄ஺W¦IBM370Ḅᢣfvᵨ§ᙬ¨ᘤ©?ª«Ḅ¬¤S®ᢣfnᦪᙢᙬg¯?ᦪᵫ24?ᑮ16?஺᝞°vᵨ±5sᙬᢣfᙢᙬlG;±5?ª«ᓽS஺±5?ª«³´±5ᙢᙬg¯Ḅ?ᦪµQ¶·஺¸᝞¹ᙢᙬᑖº»¯¼᪵ᙢᙬᵫ¯¾¯ᑁᙢᙬ.ᑖÀᡂ5ÁªᢣfᩭÂ᝞°U¯ᑁÁªl◤ᢣįᑁᙢᙬZRÅᢣį¾Æ᝞°U¯ÁªÇÇlUÁᑮ¯ḄÈ'al◤ᢣį¾ZRᵨᢣįᑁᙢᙬ஺¼᪵ᢣfᙢᙬṹḄÉÊᯠÌ᦮ᱥᳮᙢᙬḄÉж·H஺uÂḄUÑÒ஺᝞°nᦪᙠ¨ᘤᑁᡈUÓ¨ᘤ`ÔÕsᙬÖᓽ¨ᘤ×ḄUᙢᙬØᑣᢣfᙢᙬṹḄÉl◤ÐᑮᢣĨᘤ¾SH஺SÚnᦪḄᙢᙬṹVSᨵÉḄÛᓄ᝞°$SÛVnṹÜᔠÝVnṹÜQᙢᙬṹᓽ®UÞVᢣfgµTß℉ᐸḄáâ஺ᢣfghijᓄḄxyᭆäåᩭᒹä᝞!çèo

641Øvᵨ᡽ënṹ᪷ìᢣfḄ⚣íḄᑖîïÒ⌱ñᔠ〉ḄPṹti¥QnṹḄóᙳṹV஺2Øvᵨö᝞§ᙬஹÛᙬஹ±5ஹ¨ᘤஹ¨ᘤÕஹ¯i×ஹ◚iᢣÄù·¢sᙬti¥QᙢᙬṹḄVᙠᨵ▲ḄᙢᙬVᑁûü·Ḅᙢᙬýþ஺3ᵨ0ஹ1ஹ2ஹ3ᙢᙬᑴᢣḄ᪵!"Ḅ#$%&'!"Ḅ᡻)*$஺4ᙠ.ᙢᙬᑴᑁ0ᵨᙢᙬ12᝞45ᘤ-45ᘤஹ45ᘤ-85ஹ85-859:ᙢᙬ;<=ᨵ#$?9#@AṹCᙢᙬṹD)EF஺5ᙠHᢝᢣ;ᙠ5JᘤKᢥ᦮ᦪOP5JḄQRSTᵨU.Ḅᢣ;#$஺VWX&YᔠTᵨ=T[\ᑍ^_`a@AᦪḄbᙬᮣd@AṹḄᜓᵨṹfᦪᨵᑭhijᢣklD)᡽ᐙ஺oஹpqrḄ;#stᓄᢈwxyᱯ{|⌕஺ᵫhᙠᦪ.ḄS᡽@AṹḄṹfᦪ#@AṹḄy〉i᡽ᜧᢣklḄ◤⌕ᢣ;2ḄtᓄᢈwTᵨ஺2.4ᢣklḄᦋD2.4.1⌶ᔣCISCRISCT¡rklᨵḄஹ¢Ḅឋ¤Ḅឋ¥¦§ᵨḄ◤⌕ᙠrᘤᢣklḄ¨ஹᦋDᨵU.Ḅ⌶ᔣ஺©ª᝞«D©¬ᨵᢣḄ®¨¯°ᩖḄ²ᢣ³´ᐜᵫ¶·¸!"¹ᡂḄ»¼¶·Ḅ½ᓄ஺ᢥᔣrᘤᢣkl¾¿Àᜧ°ᩖ஺Áᵨ⌶¨CPUḄ¡r°ᩖᢣkl¡rÅComplexinstructionset1

65Computer,CISC஺=☢ᔣÔ᪗!"ஹ☢ᔣ¢Ö×Øஹ☢ᔣ@AklÙÚ☢Ḅtᓄ»¼ᩭὃ⇋஺Þ©ª᝞«ßà`aᢣᦪáᓄᢣᩭâã½·¨Ḅ°ᩖ$R¢ᢣḄ᡻)*$஺ᢥᔣTrᘤᢣkläáÁßà⌶¨CPUḄ¡räáᢣkl¡rÅReducedlnstructionSetComputer,RISC஺20åæ50ç´ᵫh½·¥¢ஹèéᜧஹ=☠ឋã¡rḄᢣklsáᓫ஺ìḼîïèᢈwpᵯ¸ᢈwḄVñU0ªò⚪ô஺iᩭôklR¢*$Uõ&ᢣklḄ°ᩖ$஺ᜧöᨵS÷Úø1ù¢Ö×ØÅ᝞C×س´úû×ØiUõ&²Ḅ°ᩖᢣᩭüᢝ¢Ö×Ø!"Ḅ¢ᦔ»¼஺2ᵫhþ85Ḅ*$x℉CPUᘤḄᙠᵨᩩᩖḄᢣᩭ!ᐜ◤$%ᢣ&ᡂḄ()*+,-ᓄ/0ᓄ஺32ᑡ4+,⌕6ᔣ89:/ᔣ;9:<=ᢣ2>᡽ᜧ/஺A!ᨵᢣCDᱯFGHᵨI)*Jᑴ;ᨵLMNOPᵨJᑴQᘤRSᢣᩩᦪஹஹVᙬXY/ᢣḄZY[\ᩭ\ᩖ஺2.4.2ᢥQSCXᔣ^_/ᦋaᢣ2>ᢥCISCXᔣ^_/ᦋaᢣ2>bcᑖFe☢ᔣg᪗)*ஹ☢ᔣijklஹ☢ᔣmn2>ḄoᓄpqrsX☢ᩭtu஺1.☢ᔣg᪗)*Ḅoᓄpqᦋa☢ᔣg᪗)*ḄoᓄpqᦋaMGwxᨵ4ᘤḄᢣ2>ayᑖ᪆{|}~ᵨᢣ%pq|}ᦋᵨᢣpqbciᒹ2>+,/ᵨ+,ᙠᑁḄᔜ2

664ᘤklg᪗)*Ḅpqᦔ᳛஺Xg᪗)*ᓰᵨḄQ)*᡻yḄᦪᢣḄ᡻yi)*ḄyC¤ᔜᢣ/ᢣ%Ḅ<ᵨ⚣ᩭcᑖ᪆/ᦋa஺⌶2¦§ᔠᢣᩭ!ᐜᵫªᵨ«ᢣᡈ)*®᝞°±²³ஹr´µᦪஹNXஹᢣᦪஹ¶-ᓝaᑴᦪ¹ᣚஹ»¼ஹ½¾¿)*ÀpqḄᵫI)*ÁÂpqÃᜧᜧiijÄ)*ÅᵨḄÆ᜜N├ÉÄ)*ᡠᓰḄË஺ᢣ2>ḄᦋaGcᑤᦋ!ᨵᢣ2>ÍḄ§ᢣΪᵨᢣ%ÏÐÄ+,ᔣ;9:C<ᢥḄᢣ»ᑴḄ)*ᨵiḄᦔ᳛஺Ñ᪵᧕ÓᵨᡝÕÖÉG¤³4×ØᔆÚᡠÛÜḄ஺ÝÑᦋa/¤³4ᵨßஹ⚪gáâஹãnä₹ᨵæᜧᐵ2஺᝞è2>Ḅé⚠ᙠªᵨᢣ%AᙠI/O⍝ᑣíîï᪵ÎCPUḄᢣ%ÉGðᨵᦔḄ஺ᡠcÑÎñGwé⚠ᨵòÕóôḄªᵨᢣ%õöᵨ÷᛻ஹãnä₹ὶ2úᩭὃ⇋஺ᵨᢣΪᵨᢣ%Ḅýpþ8Gÿ᝞ஹஹ〈ஹஹ᡻ᦪᣚḄᢣḄᵨ!"#$᡻ᦪᣚḄ%ஹஹ&ஹ◀ஹ(ஹᡈᢣᡠᓰḄ,-.஺2.☢ᔣ.345Ḅ6ᓄ89ᦋ;☢ᔣ.345Ḅ6ᓄ89ᦋ;<=>?@A.345BCᘤ45Ḅ4EFG!Hᢝ.345JK!@AJKLMBJKNO஺⌶Q1RSTUᔜW.3454XḄᵨ⚣M;Z[ᩭᑖ᪆ᦋ;஺T.⚣4X_`(a4EFGbḄcᢣ஺deᵨ⌶Ḅ.345!ᐸ4Xᵨ⚣MᨵᜧFi![3

67jCᢣkZlmnᑮTᔜW45p=6ᓄḄ஺ᡠq!rW6ᓄs=☢ᔣᵨᡝᡠᵨḄ45,vwrWᦋ;=xyḄஹz{Ḅ஺⌶Q2᝞|☢ᔣJK!6ᓄ}ṹᡂᩭᦋ;஺ᵫ[jCḄᜧᦪ᪗p=JKkZᡂḄ!6ᓄ}ṹᡂὃ⇋!_kZ᪀Ḅ᦮ឋ!>,᜜ᡈᱯḄBᵨ!"ᡠᨵjpTஹᙳᒴᙢᙠ¡¢£ᘤ¤ᓫᐗO;஺Tᡠᨵ¡¢£ᘤ¤ᓫᐗeT§!¨©=ª«ᦪᡈj¬p?¨®ᙢ¯ᙠ°±ᓫᐗ஺r᪵!³6ᓄ´ᳮRᵨ£ᘤḄᵨ?qᜧᜧlḄ¶·¸├஺⌶Q3ᦋ;ᢣkZ!º(ᔜW45OḄ4EFGpᨵeḄ@b஺⌶Q4»ᯠᔜW.345ᡠ⌕¾Ḅ6ᓄᢣkZ¿Àe!-ÁÂᵨ"[jCᐹᨵᑖÄ☢ᔣᔜW.345ḄWᢣkZஹWkZ᪀Ḅ☢ᔣÅ⚪Ç᝱ÉÊ6Ḅ[jCkZ஺ËḄÌÍ!ᱯÄ=?ᑏÏḄÂᵨ!³rWÇ᝱᪀[jCḄ89-ÐÑ?஺"kZ᪀Ç᝱ᦋ!v=☟᝱Ḅ஺ᵫ"qᢣkZ³Ô!.345³"ÕÖ×ᡂ"q.345³Ô!ᢣkZ³"ḄÕÖ஺⌶Q5ÌÍ.345[jC¢ᡈ.345Cᘤ¤஺.345CᘤḄØÙᱯÚ=ÛᨵJK!ºᨵÜWÝÖ஺ÞW=".345ßàᡂ³CᘤḄáJ45!RSáJ¢ᵨâãᡈäã89¤å.345UæKᡂCᘤ45᪗!rW.345Cᘤ³Oà᡻Ḅ.345Cᘤ஺çÞW=".345Ùè<«³Cᘤ45!ᵫäãᡈéã⌲ᩩ;ìí᡻!»ᵨJK!îᵨáJ!rW.345Cᘤ³ßà᡻Ḅ.345Cᘤ஺3.☢ᔣª«kZḄ6ᓄ89ᦋ;!ª«kZïðᓰᵨÑ[jCkZñUḄ1/3,ᨵḄòóôõS1/2஺᝞¬kZ᪀Tª«kZHᢝö!Tª«kZḄ;´ᳮ¢;Ḅᡂஹᑗᣚஹø├!ù;OḄe4

68ú(Rû¤ஹ¡´ᳮ¢¡üOᑖýஹûþᙠ¡ÿḄ〈ஹᦪḄஹᜓᳮஹᦻᳮஹ᝱Ḅᑗᣚஹ"ᜐᳮ$ᨵ&'ᨵ()*+,Ḅឋ.+/Ḅ0'ᦔ᳛3()*4567ᑮ9:஺☢ᔣ>Ḅ?ᓄ0'ᦋBḄC⌕E᪗4G᝞IJKLM>N()*O᪀QRḄSTUV3BWXYZ[\>Ḅ]R⁚ḕ>`ᡠᓰᵨḄdR஺⌶f1JKg>hᵨᢣjᢣjkḄlᵨ⚣nB\(ᑖ᪆ᩭᦋB஺rstᦋBḄᦔu5ᨵ▲஺⌶f2ὃ⇋᝞Iyzᵨ{>Ḅ|ᢣj஺IBM}~ᨬᙠIBM360gBlᵨ}ᵨḄᳮzᢣj3G}ᵨ᪗3JKg᪗Ḅஹᦋᩭ■B]Bᐭ}ᵨ஺Ouᙠ⍝ᑖ]3h9¡}ᵨlᵨ¢£Ḅ¤⚪3{G5¦y§¨Wᩩ"«N¬"ᢣj஺sG0'>?ᓄz|ᢣjḄᐺ¯°±3²³¨}ᵨḄ´µlᵨ஺r0¶·9'h9¡"¸┝"Ḅ'º஺ᡠ»¸┝Deadlock4GᨵW¼B3ᐸ¾B¿ÀᓰᨵÁᡂÃBᡠÄ◤ḄÆᑖÇÈ3É7ᐰÆÇÈ3Ë¿ÌÍB\Î஺Ïᵨ”«N¬"ᢣj3WB⌕ÑB\Î3ÄÒ]ᓰᨵ᪗CPUÇÈ஺᝞uWBÀᓰᨵ᪗ᓰᨵCPU,ÓWBÀᓰᨵCPUᓰᨵ᪗34ÔÕ'Öᢝ᝱3l()*Bᐭ"¸┝"஺⌶f3Ø>⚣ÙlᵨḄ3gÚnÛÜᜧḄ*᪀¯`±Þᓄᡈàᓄ3ᦋáâᵨÞᡈãäå0'஺⌶f49:æ>ᵫzḄᜐᳮ*ᩭ᡻\Ḅé.ᑖêᜐᳮO᪀஺5

692.4.3ᢥRISCíᔣ9:ᦋBᢣj1.CISCḄ¤⚪îḼVLSIḄðÚ9:3〉òg()*óôõöḄòᵨ◤⌕3y÷()*Ḅé.3øYZùúû├3/()*Ḅ[\Únᦔ᳛3()*O᪀(Wáýþ{Ẇஹஹ᛻ᵨᘤ᪀Ḅ!"#$%&ஹ'(ᔠ#*᪀+,-.ஹ-/Ḅ'(0ᢝ஺34#567⌕4ᔣḼ%ᓄᢣ=>?Ḅ@ᔣᩭBCᦋḄ#E᪵GḄHIᯠKLᘤḄ᪀#ᱯN4ᘤᢣ=OᩭOPᩖ஺ᑮS20UV70WXYZ#[\]^ᑮE᪵G_3`aOᩭObc#d`▭ឋ?ᙠhi஺jk#1975W#IBMlmnopqrẆE᪵G4ᔲᔠᳮ஺1979W#D.Patterson[vẆw*QSCxᙠ᝞hz⚪|1}ᢣ=Pᜧ#ᢣ=ᙠ200ᩩ஺.ᢣ=Ḅ>?ᩖ#◤⌕ᨵ.ᙬ@ஹᢣ=ᢣ=஺ᡂᢣ=Ḅṹஹᑖ᪆᡻Ḅᑴᘤᩖ#_VLSIbc#_ᑭᓄ#SᕜZ#¡ᜧSᡂ¢#£¤᧕¡ᜧ¦┯Ḅ¨#i©SḄª☠ឋ#¬d*Ba®E¯┯°±²Ḅ³´Xµ£¨¡ᜧ஺2.ᢣ=Ḅ¶ᩖ#᡻·¸©#¹º_᝞ᵨ»ᩩ¼ᓫஹ¾¢Ḅᢣ=oᔠ`a஺3ᵫᢣ=Pᜧ#ÀÁ⌱ÃÄ᪗ᢣ=ḄÇÈᜧ#jk#cÉᓄÊᡂᦔᘤ#Á£ÈஹÈᩖ஺4ᵫᢣ=Pᜧ#ᔜᢣ=ḄÀᵨ⚣Î_¨È#d!N¸ᜧ#ᐸYÐÑÒᑖᢣ=Ḅᑭᵨ᳛¸©஺ᨵ80%Ḅᢣ=ᙠ20%ḄÔ³´Õᵨᑮ#E_¡$Sᘤ[ᕒḄ×Ø#£i©SḄឋ?µÙ஺

702.RISCḄ¾¢Ûᑣ┐ÞQSCḄz⚪#D.Patterson[+¦Sß¼ᢣ=àḄá஺â5ß¼ᢣ=ᩭÀ᪀¼ᓫஹᔠᳮஹᨵᦔ஺ã\+¦SRISC⍳åḄÛᑣ஺E¯Ûᑣᒹç|1}èéᢣ=³#ê⌱ÃÀᵨ⚣¸Ḅë¯ᢣ=#ì¡$ír?ᨵᦔ0ᢝஹ`aᐸã>?Ḅᢣ=#ᜧᜧîíᢣ=ᩩᦪ#Àð_ñ5100ᩩ஺2îíᢣ=ᡠᵨᙬ@ó#_ñ5ô஺¼ᓄᢣ=Ḅ▲ᑴᙠôðᑁ#÷øᐰÒᢣ=Î4Ðú஺3øᡠᨵᢣ=ÎᙠûᘤᕜZᑁᡂ஺4᡽ᜧâᵨýxᘤᦪ#_í32û#þrîíÿᡠᨵᢣᨵSTOREஹLOADᢣᐸᢣᘤ஺5ᢣ᡻ᜧᦪᢣᵨ!ὶ#ᑴ%&'ᦪᢣ(ᵨ)*+%&஺6,-./ᢣ01ᓄ3456*+/ᓫஹᨵᦔᙢ:ᢝ<=>Ḅ%&஺3.34RISCA᪀CᵨḄDEᢈG1Hᢥ34RISCḄJKᑣᩭ34஺NOᢣPQR,-ᢣSᵨ⚣ḄQ4⌱ᐸVWᵨḄDEᢣXY3ZPQஹ<=>ஹ[ᵨ\᛻^:ᢝᨬᨵᵨḄᢣ,Sᢣᦪ./஺ᙠᢣḄbcஹde05ṹ34ghic/ᓄஹj᦮஺ᡠᨵᢣhic^l,mᙬoehpQᡂ1~2rᢣḄ᡻hps᣸ᙠuvᘤᕜxᑁzᡂ஺2{|%&Cᵨ!ὶ0)*+}Aᔠ஺ᵨ)*+vᘤᢣᨵḄᮣឋ0〉[ឋ⌕ᦋᑏ#ᑴᘤVḄ)*+iYᡈᦋvᘤᢣ%&ZbcᩖḄᢣ஺⚪⌕#ᑴᘤ)ᢣ⌕OḄRᑭRISC4v⌕ᢣᙠuvᘤᕜx¡᡻z஺¢£¤ᜧᦪ/ᓫᢣᵨ!ὶoe%&bcᩖḄᢣᐕ¦ᵨ)*+%&§〉¨Ḅ©ªᙢCᵨ«¬)ᢣ)ᢣ7

71li¯64°Hᡈ±)*+oe%&i²³ᡈ´')ᢣḄ6ṹRµ¶#ᑴ,·¸0)ᢣ¹«஺ᑮ»¼½¾ᜧᦪᖪÀᓄḄRISC4vᐹᨵ)*+oe஺3ᙠCPUV3ÂᜧpÃᘤXCᵨÄÅᘤÆÇ஺´'hp¤ᢣḄᙠᘤÈÉ᡻ÊËᢣᕜx/ᓄmᙬoe0ᢣdeÌÍ/ᓫஹᨵᦔᙢ:ᢝ<=>VᜧpÎ&Ḅ-*Ïᵨ´'-*ÏᵨVÐÏ-*&Ñ,ÒÓÔÏ-*Õ&ÑÖ×ØRឮÏ-*&Ñ^ᡠ◤ḄÛÜÌÝcÍ/ᓫஹ͵¶ᙢ%&-*ḄÞᦪß⌴ᜧᦪRISC4vḄCPUV3ᨵᜧpᘤ¤áu-*Sᵨuᨵ▲pḄᘤÆÇX¤ᔜ-*ḄᘤÆÇäᑖÄÅ஺4ᢣᵨ¹«0æçèé஺RISC4vḄáᩩᢣᙠuvᘤᕜxᑁzᡂ¸J¤EᩩᢣḄ᡻ëìᩩᢣḄ⚜ᙠRgÄÅ஺©ᜧᦪRISCᢣḄᙠᘤVÉ¢£᡻RîiïðñᘤòᦪஹóÖóAôᡭᐭ»Ḅᘤ÷ὅÈᵨ¹«%&஺ᡠRISCA᪀VᢣḄÎ0᡻Cᵨ¹«ᩭ¹«ùḄ<ᦪ¢4v©ú஺5CᵨûüᘤCache,3ÂᢣCache0ᦪýCacheᑖþÿᢣᦪ஺᪵ᔣᢣᙢ〈ᢣᦪḄᦔ᳛஺6ᓄ!"#$%஺RISC!&'ᵫ)*ᵨ,ᜧ./ᘤ12"#34567.ᓄ/ᘤḄᑖ9ᐸ*ᵨᦔ᳛;<=>ᦪ஺⌕ᐙᑖᑭᵨBCḄᓄᢈEFGᩭ!"#34᝞JKᵨḄL⊤NOPQJBᦪRᑮTUV᜜XᓄYZ[.\][.Ḅ^_⌴஺a᜜bcᓄd᦮ᢣḄ᡻gh47.;

72A,Ra(A)-RaRaBRa-(B)A+l,Ra;(A+1)ߟ>RaRaB+1Ra-(B+l)ḄoJAA+lᓫᐗḄᑁnᑮBB+lᓫᐗ஺ᵫ)ஹᵨ/ᘤRa12ᩩᢣᩩᢣ¡¢ᢣ£ᩩᢣᙳ◤¦§'ᘤᕜ©஺ª«"#d᦮ᐸᢣh4vA,R(A)—>RaaA+LRb(A+1)—»RbRaBRaߟ>(B)Rb,B+I;Rb—>(B+l)ᑣ4ᩩᢣᙳ*£◞§'ᘤᕜ©´µ¶ᩩᢣ·¸,¹º஺!».Ḅ"#34ᨵᦔᙢ!&'ឋ¾oRise$%!ḄᐵÃ஺4.RISCᢈEḄÄÅÆᵨRISCᢈEḄÉᜐw⌕ᨵ˧Ì☢஺1)Xᓄᢣ$%!〉ᔠVLSI஺ᵫ)ᢣᩩᦪ<ÑᙬÌOXᓫᢣÓOC᦮ᑜÕCISC᪀×ØÙᑴᘤḄ#ṹ᡻gÜÝ×ÞXᓫ12VLSIᱏ^ᵨ)ÙᑴᘤḄZᑖ☢àᡠᓰØrã℉;<åæᩭçᡈ᡽ᜧCacheஹwஹI/Oîïð᡽ᜧ/ᘤᦪᩭᦋòCPUḄõᔢ᳛÷øùᢝûüýçþÿᱏḄ᦮ឋᡂᑭᓫᱏCPU஺2)Ḅ᡻ᦔ᳛஺ᢣ#$%Ḅ&'()*+ᢣ#Ḅ,ṹ஺.ᑴᘤḄ'ᓄ()23ᢣ#Ḅ᡻45஺678ᦪḄᜧᜧ;<()=>Ḅ᡻஺?ᵨᜧAB79

73ᘤ᪀ᡂḄEFGHIᢈK;<LMN=>OᵨP=QᜧARᦪḄS7T⌴஺ᢣ#VWXYZ[ᙠ]^ᘤᕜ`ᑁbᡂcd〉ᔠghᜐᳮ஺)klm[()Ḅ஺3ᡂ$%Ḅ(☠ឋ஺?ᵨXo&'Ḅ.ᑴᘤ23Nᕜ`;Ḅ஺ᢣ#ᦪḄ;<2N,P=QowḄᘤᢣ#⌱¡Ḅ£;Noᔜ¥¦ᙬ¨Ḅ⌱¡ஹᑖ᪆«ᣚḄ®ᵨᢣ#~Ḅ«ᣚ᧕°ᣚᡈ²³ᢣ#஺ᢣ#ᙳ´µWḄZᙠ]^ᘤᕜ`ᑁbᡂz,=>᧕O᦮ᢣ#¶>)=>Ḅ·lm[ᨵᑭᨵᦔḄ¹ṹºᓄ'ᓄ,23,=>ḄW஺⌕¼uᙠB7ᘤ½¾B7ᘤFGḄ?ᵨᢝN¿=>P=OᵨḄᜐᳮ஺À{&'ᢣ#$%ᙠÁ᪀QÂᡂÃ]¥cdH⌕ḄÄÅ஺RISC7ᙠḼ]mÇ⚪É⌕ᨵÊ1Ëᵫᢣ#<zÍᩭᙠQSCkᵫᓫ]ᢣ#bᡂḄÏmÐᩖwᙠ⌕ᵨEᩩRISCᢣ#Ówbᡂ*HNÔ=>Ḅ®Õ*Nᘤ=>ḄWᓰᵨ7×¾E*ᜧNᢣ#ḄØÙgA஺2oÚÛ·Ḅ᡻7ᘤḄᢝÜᨵÝᜧ*ÞßàáâÉ஺3RISCḄ,=>ãQSCḄᑏ஺åḼæᱏ☢çḄÕᜧèéᡂḄEᦪêëæᱏìí*îN᝞ðḄwÊ1Ë]ñÕᜧòuB7ᘤᦪAóôᦋCPUöᑖÁ᪀)÷ÉEøùúᵨ஺2Õ*óÕᜧᙠᱏCacheḄûAózᐸòuýþÿCPU஺70

743CISCḄᢣ஺4ᵨ▬᡻᪗ᡈVLIWᢣ5!"#$%&஺5ᙠᱏ)*ᦪ,-஺6ᜧ/0123ᡈᜧᑖ5/016Ḅ789஺7ᙠ:;ᑖ<=>ṹ@ᣚḄBᢝ஺8ᙠ@DE:FGHᵨIJKL᡻஺9MᵨN〉P@D⚜JRឮT஺10ᦋᵨᦪVWXYZ[X᝱]^[ᙢ᡻஺ᐹᨵbRISCᱯ*ḄᐺefDigitalAlpha21164ஹUltraSPARChᑡஹIBM-POWERPC604ஹMIPSR10000RHPPA-8000k஺ூ!⁚no௃1ஹqrsᐭᦪV⊤vḄwᑣyᫀ{1|h}Ḅᦔ᳛ᔲᨵ℉ᒹ6R6ᔲᨵ℉஺6ᔲ⌕|ᙠRᜐᳮE6〈Ḅᔲ2|sᐭᦪV⊤vbᐸᵨឋRᑭᵨ᳛ᔲ஺2ஹqrᚮ᪘¡¢Ḅ⊤yᫀ{1ᵫ¤ᘤ¦ᡂḄ=ᚮ᪘¨▬©ᑴᵯ¬Y®"Ḅᚮ᪘¯ᙠ°±²᪀ᡂ᦮µMᚮ᪘Ḅ¶·3¤ᘤḄ¸Ḅ஺2ᨵ¹ºḄᚮ᪘,-ᢣ»¼½¾¿À<ᚮ᪘"ḄᦪVÁᔜâRᜐᳮ஺3ᨵ9ᙢBᢝÄÅÆÇZ[ḄÈÉ஺ᨵ9ᙢBᢝÄfZ[ḄÊᝅR⌴ÍÎᵨ஺4ᨵ9ᙢBᢝÄfZ[ḄÊᝅR⌴ÍÎᵨ஺71

753ஹqrRISCḄÔyᫀ{(1)ᵫØᢣMwᩭᙠQSC²ᵫᓫᢣÜᡂḄÝÞTᩖᙠ⌕ᵨàᩩRISCᢣâÜᡂãÄäÈÆÇZ[¡ḄåæÄᘤÆÇZ[Ḅ3ᓰᵨ6àᜧÄᢣḄ/஺(2)<)*âḄ᡻RéêᘤḄBᢝëᨵ¼ᜧ½ìíîÔ஺(3)RISC¡¢ḄÈÉZ[ïCISCḄðᑏ஺4ஹqrᵨRISCᢈôḄõᜐ(1)qᓄᢣh}¡〉ᔠVLSI஺ᵫØᢣᩩᦪúᙬKLqᓫᢣüLý᦮ᑜ®CISCÿ᪀ᑴᘤḄṹ᡻ᓫVLSIᱏᵨᑴᘤḄᑖ☢"ᡠᓰ%&℉()*+,-./ᩭ12ᡈ᡽ᜧCacheஹ<=ஹI/O@AB,-᡽ᜧC=ᘤᦪᩭᦋFCPUḄIᔢ᳛LMNᢝPQRS1TUᱏḄV᦮ឋYZ2[ᡂ]ᑭᓫᱏCPU஺(2)cP[deḄ᡻fgᦔ᳛஺(3)YZ2[ᡂ]cPjkḄ,☠ឋ஺mᵨnḄᑴᘤopq2[ᕜs()q2[┯uvw2[xyzḄ,{ឋ|ᙳ~2[ᡂ]YZjkḄ,☠ឋco(4),LMNᢝPQRSḄᓄḄ2[஺ᢣᦪḄ()oq{ḄeᘤᢣF⌱Ḅ(qᔜᙬḄ⌱ஹᑖ᪆ᣚḄᵨFᢣḄᣚ᧕¢ᣚᡈ£¤ᢣ஺5ஹ()ᢣḄ¦{ᵫ[de¨©ªᵨḄᦪ«¬⊤ᙠ¯ᨵ¬Ḅᦪ«F±yḄᢣ²dAஹᦪ«⊤³72

76Bஹᦪµ⊤³Cஹµ¶⊤³Dஹ⊤³·ᫀ¹Aº»¹ᦪ«⊤³ᢣḄ¦{ᵫ[de¨©ªᵨḄᦪ«¬⊤ᙠ¯ᨵ¬Ḅᦪ«F±yḄᢣ²d6ஹ¼ᵨ᪗¾¶ᦪ«⊤³,{¿ᩭḄÀÁÂ⚪·ᫀ¹Ä1ÅÁᦪ«12᪗¾¶~1ÆᡠᓰḄ<=ÇÈÉ2mᵨ᪗¾¶~YZᢣḄ᡻fg஺7ஹ¼᪗¾¶ᦪ«⊤³Ḅ<⌕ËÌ·ᫀ¹Ä1ᓄqᢣjk2[஺ᵫᢣÍᵨÎᦪ«¬Ḅᜐᳮ()qᢣjkᢣḄᓄq2[Ä2ᓄqÉ3ÑÒÓឋ᪥ÕÉ4{ᵫÖ×ᓄᦪ«¬É5Nᢝᦪ«ØjkḄÙᦪ«¬ÚᐵḄ⌕ÜᵨÝᦋᓽ,ᜐᳮÎ߬Ḅᦪ«஺Ä6àáâãäᵨáåæcçqNᢝ஺8ஹ¼2[ὅ⌕Üᢣjkä2[ᐹᨵêëì·ᫀ¹Ä1íV᦮ឋ஺Ḅ±yîßḄVï஺%᝞µḄ±yäÙµ⁚Ḅ±yÒ᪵±yóôᡂḄᩩṹ⌕Ò᪵ᔜÍᵨC=ᘤḄᵨVï▲ᑴ⌕Ò᪵÷஺2øឋ஺%᝞ᨵA-B—A,ßùäᨵA-B-BÉᨵA+BxC-D,BäᨵÄA+73

77B)xC—D,᪵Ñ஺(3)úûឋᐰ{ឋ஺᝞ýᨵÎ⌱ßÒ{à()ùþÿḄᑖ᪆▲ᨵ⌱஺(4)ឋ஺ᢣᔜḄ᝞"#ஹᦪ&"#ஹ'ᙬ)ᙠ+ṹ-./ᐵ/.12஺3᝞456᝞7ᢥ9Ḅ:;ᘤḄ+=>᜻ᦪᡈᏔᦪ+=BCDE+FḄGH஺(5)IJᔠឋ஺LᢣMNᡠᨵPᔜ'ᙬQᦪ&"#R〉ᵨ஺(6)I᡽ᐙឋ஺⌕ᶇᨵᦪYḄᑍ[ṹ\]\^᡽ᐙ_ᢣ஺9ஹ`a☢ᔣdefgḄhᓄjkᦋmḄ⌶opᫀr(1)tuPvwxᔜdefgfyḄzᵨ⚣|m}N~ᩭᑖ᪆ᦋm஺(2)᝞☢ᔣ+Fhᓄṹᡂᩭᦋm஺(3)ᦋmᢣMNzᔜfgḄfRᨵ)Ḅ஺(4)ᯠᔜdefgᡠ⌕ḄhᓄᢣMN/ᵨL~ᐹᨵᑖ☢ᔣᔜdefgḄᢣMNஹMN᪀Ḅ☢ᔣ⚪᝱'hḄ~MN஺10ஹ`a☢ᔣ9᪗wxḄhᓄjkᦋmḄ⌶opᫀr(1)tuPᜧYᨵᘤḄᘤfgwx¡ᐸ᡻}¤¥N~ᔜᢣQᢣ¦Ḅzᵨ⚣|ᩭE\ᑖ᪆Qᦋm஺(2)D§¨©ªᔠᢣᩭ«¬ᐜᵫ¯ᵨ°ᢣᡈ±wx(᝞²³6´ஹµ¶·ᦪஹ¸ஹᢣᦪஹ¹-ᓝmᑴᦪ½ᣚஹ+¿ஹÀF)±wx)jkḄ©ᵫÂwxÃÄjkÅᜧᜧdÆ´Ç|ÈÉÆwxÊᵨḄË᜜¸├ÎÈÉƱwxᡠᓰḄÐ;Ñ஺74

78Ó3Ô;ÕஹÖஹ×ØI/OMNÙÔÚa;ÕஹÖஹ×ØI/஺MNḄJÛஹ⚣ÜÝÞYßឋ\¡àáஹâáḄ©ᑖã஺3.1;ÕMNḄäÙ⌕Q}Ð;MN3.1.1;ÕMNḄäÙ⌕P;ÕMNḄäÙ⌕>ᜧåYஹdÇ|Qæçè஺;ÕᘤåY£=ᮞ¡E஺ᐸWì;ÕíḄ6Ýᓫï>ïᡈ⁚ßñIì;ÕíḄᦪñmì}òḄ;Õíᦪ஺Ç|Iᵨó-ᓅஹ;Õᕜöò“Q⚣ÜÝÎøùÜß8Múa஺ᐸû>;Õᘤüýᦈó;ÿᵭᑮᦪḄᜐᳮḄᜐᳮ!"ᘤᐵ%Ḅ&'(⌕*ᦪ+,-./&'"0ᡠ◤⌕Ḅ◞&45ᓅᜧ+"ᘤ⚣98஻;"ᘤ<=>Ḅᦪ?〈A᳛ᵨDE?〈ḄFᦪᡈH⁚ᦪ⊝KLᨵᨬᜧ⚣9,ᡈ᩽▲⚣9QRS▭⚣9Uᑖᨬᜧ⚣9ᵨ“"ᘤ./XḄ⚣9஺ᓫ0Ḅ8⃬T,]'"0^_Ḅᨬᜧ⚣9ᵫa"ᘤb&cde₹ghijS▭⚣9kklaᨬᜧ⚣9஺ᵫa"ᘤmnᒹpq"0rst"ᘤuhᡠ◤Ḅ᜜wᵯyḄmn<ᵨmnCRDFmncᩭ⊤|஺ᨵS/~Ḅ"ᘤDFmnc=C/S”3.1.2^_%3-1&'HsWFḄᓫ0&<X&'"ᘤHᡠᨬᜧ⚣9⃬ᑗ7஺j"ᘤHW!CPUᡠ⌕XḄH,ᦪHᡈᢣHCPU75

79HQḄHWIJCPUḄAsW/஺ᡃᓫ0ᓫH"ᘤ஺⌕=¡⚣9¢£U!CPUAᓛ¥ᙠ᪵Ḅᘤ¨ᩩ¨,ᓽ᪵ḄT,M«ᨵ¬=¡"ᘤḄHW஺᝞ᦋᵨ3-2Ḅ³´µᡂ᪵ᙠ&'"ᕜ¸ᑁ<º4'CPUH¼aCPU½ḄᨬᜧA᳛=¡s¾ᩭḄ4¿ᓽB=Wx4TÀsᓫ0ÁH"ᘤ஺?HÂĺÂᘤ|W|3-1ᓫ0ᓫH"ᘤ3-2ᓫ0ÁHm=4"ᘤ&'ᜧÅKḄÆÇ0kkᵫÈÁÅKÉÊஹHÉÌḄ"ᘤÍᱏµÏÐᡂḄ,D'"ÍᱏÑᨵᐸÓÔḄᙢᙬ×ṹஹ/ᑏÚ᜜wᵯy஺ij<Ûᵨ3-3ḄÁ0ᓫHÜÝ"ᘤ஺CPUHᙠ½<ᢥßmÜÝáᙬ᪷ãᵨᱯåÜÝLᨵlFÜÝR¡FÜÝæ஺çlFÜÝsᐸmᙠᓫ0ÁH³´½s&'HᡠᒹpḄCPUHᦪᙠÁ0ᓫH³´½ᑣsᑖ00ᦪ஺Á0ᓫHÜÝsᓫ0ÅKs/Ḅm'ᑖ0ᐸé;.0Ḅáᙬß´smxi+j,ᐸ½i=O,l,2,...,1,2,...,1-1+j=0,l,2…1,2,...m-lo⊤3-1ᑡºq3-3½ᔜᑖ0Ḅáᙬùᑡ஺ᔜᑖ0<Ûᵨᡈ᝞3-4ᡠ|Ḅᑖ³´gh஺úÐûᑖ7

80³´ᡠᵨḄü¨É⁚ḕ஺3.3Á0ᓫH,⊈;4ÜÝ"ᘤ«3-1ᙢᙬḄ1423456ᙬᙢᙬᙬᑡᑴᙢᙬṹᨬḄ᝱Mo0.4,8,12,,4i+0,…00Mi1,5,9,[3»,,,,4i+1.…01M,2.6,10,14,…,4i+2.…10M33.7,11,15,-,4i+3.&•11ᕜᕜPMo0¢0M20ÓMj0ÿ3-44ᑖᑖḄᐵ!"ᵨ$ᑖᓫ&'()ᡂ+ᐸᘤ./01234ᵨᓫ$&'()ᡂḄ$5$+6ᐸ7▭⚣:ᓾ<=4>?஺ABCDEὅG⌕Wᙢᙬ3IJᑖKLMᓽOᨵIJ=QᙢᙬRSTUᑖV+W᝿ᙢᙬY3BZḄ+[<\]^_`abὅ⌕c<\]^_Ḅm&deBᙢᙬZfᜐTRUᓫᐗ஺iᯠ+k<=l$ᑖ\]mnᓫ$&opᔠ+᪀ᡂ$$&stuᘤᩭUwx?⚣:஺77

81y\]^_$CPU&Ḅᓫ$&/$ᓫ&ஹ$$&Ḅst{|!}~D\!}஺x?m+Byx?!}Ḅᨬᜧ⚣:Ḅ+67▭⚣:\3Bmᜧaឋx?+Bᐸ7▭ᦔ᳛\3ᡠḄ?஺᝞+᪗"ᵨ32stḄ7▭⚣:3ᑮᨬᜧ⚣:Ḅ1/3஺CᙠT=¡UB!}ᦔ᳛Ḅ|⚪mst+£¤BZmᢣ+ᦔ᳛B

82B®ᭆ᳛ᐭ+ÞÝúDûÝᢣ©Ḅᩩᢣ©ᙢᙬDýZᙢᙬḄᭆ᳛஺ᢣ©ᙠ§¨UþBZ᡻]Ḅ+6⍗ᑮᡂᑣᵭᑡᙠᢣḄᙠᕜḄᐸᓫᐗᑁ"#$ᵨ&஺()ᓽ+ᔣ-ᙬᢣ/01ᑖ3456ᵫ8ᜐᳮ;<=>?ᩭ/A/BCᢣD᣸ᙠFᕜᑁG஺HIᵭᑡ᝞KLᩩ#Nᢣ)ᡂLᩩᢣOPḄᐸm-1ᩩᢣ#N$ᵨḄTUk=l,ᡠ[P(1)=ᐭ=(1-ᐭ)°ᐭbk=2Ḅᭆ᳛fᯠNLᩩᢣ$ᨵ(ᐸᭆ᳛i(1-ᐭ)LjᩩNᢣ)ᡂḄklᡠ[P(2)=(1-P(1))m=(1-A)1m஺oIpqP(k)=(1-ᐭ)IᐭᐸlvkB=L#N+ᵨOP3Ḅ▭⚣¢£ᑮ¤+ᵨᓫ3ᓫ¥Ḅ᪵஺ᡠᨵᢣy/(A=0)>B=m,ᓽI>+ᵨ3Ḅᦔ᳛ᨬ©஺79

833.2ª«¬CPU®ᙠ᡻PḄ°-ᜐᳮ±;²Ḅ³´ᜐᳮµ¶·ᑮ¸ᐜºᡭªḄ°¼½ឮ¿᡻PḄÀ°Áiª஺<=¤ᜐᳮᔜêḄÄஹÆÇÈ3Áiª«¬஺ᙠÉÊ;ªBᑖiᑁ˪ஹ᜜˪¤ÄǪÍp஺ᑁ˪ᵫCPUᑁḄÎÏÐÑb᜜˪ᵫªÒÓÐÑbÄǪᵫf◍ᢣÐÑᵨ8ÕÖ׫¬ØÙ஺᜜˪ÚᑖiBÛܪ¤/BÛܪ஺ª«¬N᦮FÉÊ;«¬/BÞßḄà⌕âᡂËᑖ஺ã°Ḅäå¤æçஹm;ὶ«ஹᦑéᜐᳮஹ⍝°¤ᑖ>ᜐᳮஹ>ᜐᳮஹë᝱°¤Ö׫¬Ḅὶ«ஹI/Oᜐᳮ[Aᜐᳮ;«¬ᔜ;Ḅὶ«zyÑḼà⌕Ḅ×ᵨ஺3.2.1ªḄᑖp¤ᑖÐѪḄᔜÃîÇÁiªï஺ªïᔣª«¬ð³ªḄᵭÁiª³஺>BCᨵFª³ª«¬◤ᢥîᐜóôḄª<=õᐜöãõᐜ©Ḅª³÷[<=஺ª<=#NᐕùᐸªCPUúP°ḄûP-ãü³ýP⚜ᜐᳮᒹᐸᨵᐵᜐᳮḄᜓ஺ᑖ!ᙠ#ᦪ%&'()ᵨ+ᣚ-I./᝱1PSWᩭ3஺4567◤⌕:;<=>?@ABCDEFᨚHIJᑮLM஺1.ḄᑖO4ᜐᳮPQ@A⌕RMḄᜐᳮ஺᝞TUᦪVWXYZ:;[\]=>?^QU_`aᡂRMḄᐭd஺e?ஹᜧh#ᵨ⌶%&',Uᦪ#kᦪᓝmᦪnQ஺᝞T4^QUᓫpaᡂᐭdJq[\3rstuᜧ,]vᙠᜐᳮ(}~ᡂO஺80

84?^POPQᐭdᵫ\ᑖRMḄᜐᳮᑖ=>ᜧᜧᓄᜐᳮᐭdᙢᙬaᡂ[\஺vᙠᵨᡝ◤⌕!:;HYZ᡻""ᢣHḄyᵫ""ᢣḄ8ṹᢣ஺ឋvᒹᢣᦪḄ¡┯ஹ᡻£¤¥¦§ᢣஹ¨᝱©Eᵨ᝱ᢣஹª«¬¡ஹ®ᙬ¯Zª°±ஹᔜ7³ஹ◀ᦪ40ஹᨵᦔ40¶·>Ḅ¸\¹ºஹ»ṓ?¸\Ḅ½¾¿ÀḄ¶஺᜜ᩭÂ%&'᜜~ᒹᔜ7Hᘤஹ᜜ÄÅÆ஺ᔜ7Hᘤᵨ>%H.ஹ%ÇஹÈᑴ¶Ê᜜ÄŪ⌕ᵨËÌᐸÍ%&':;Ḅὶ:ÏÆᑣᵨË!ᕒ?%&'ḄÒ⚜஺Ô᜜Õ=ᑖ4ÖOÊPOv×ØÙLMᑣÚÛᶇÏÝPOv᝞JLMᑣJᶇ஺Þᐭ/ÞvCPUÌI/OàᜓY⍝ὶ:ḄᐹᙠÞᐭ/Þ!ãᡂᡈὅI/OY⍝ᡈὅàᜓæᦑèH஺ឋஹ᜜ஹI/O3OḄṹᙳ416஺ê-ëìv4!ᕒᡈÝPíCPU⌕ëìPQᡠᵨ஺CPUJïἭñ7஺2.ḄᑖòᵫËURópôõö'ᙢ@Ay÷¤¤øùH#Q@A஺ùPOḄᔜ@AḄLMᜐᳮḄúᐜüPýJvᵫ:;Ḅ[\ᳮõvᵫᐸ\ᡈY⍝ᩭᳮḄ஺õJùOḄ]⌕᪷Ḅឋ{ஹÿឋஹ⌕ឋᜐᳮḄឋᑖᡂḄ஺ᢥḄᩭ!"஺#$%ᐜᨬḄ()*1+ᐸ-.*2+/-.*3……%ᐜஹḄᑜᑖ+234ᨵᡠ78஺#$4ᘤ᪥;)*1+<=ឋ>?ᳮ<=@ᵨ)*2+᜜C)*3+Dᐭ/DG)*81

854+HIJ)ᨬ஺4ᘤ᪥;ᑡ)*1.L)ᣵᵯஹᙢᙬ┯ஹᦪS┯ஹ#T┯UVWXᜐᳮ+ᔲᑣ[\]$^_஺`abc!dCḄefᦑh+%ᐜijf஺<=ឋ>?ᳮ<=@ᵨjkᑡ)*2஺᜜ClDᐭ/DG஺L)mn4ὶஹp4q⚜Usᑴu_+vDᐭ/DGb.ew᜜xḄyz+{ldCឋḄ+v|}iᵫᔜ#⍝?ᳮ+!"ᜫ>ᩭᜧḄc!஺HIJjkᨬ+L)HIJḄX+`CPUᜐl᝱X+HIJ"ᐹᨵᢞḄDᐭ/DGஹ᜜CᡈiᢓᑴḄ4ᘤ᪥;⌕Ḅ%ᐜ஺?.ᙠ¡<=¢᣸jᩩ"?"ᢣ§¨©ªᐭḄ஺«᝞+IBM370!"Ḅ%ᐜ-=)ញḄ4ᘤ᪥;ஹ?ᳮ<=@ᵨ><=ឋஹiᢓᑴḄ4ᘤ᪥;ஹ᜜CஹDᐭ/DGஹHIJ஺3.2.2Ḅ!"-=¯ᜐᳮ-=Ḅ!"-=.ᙠX°±n²³ḄyzX+!"´Ḅ᣸µᘤᡠ¶(Ḅ!"-=஺ᯠv+Ḅᜐᳮ⌕ᵫᜐᳮ<=ᩭ¸ᡂ+vᜐᳮ<=ᙠ᡻¡ºᡈ᡻¡.i»Ḅ஺¼᪵+ᜐᳮ¸Ḅ-=¾¿☢ÁÂᜐᳮ-=ÃilḄ!"-=஺!"Ḅ-=ᵨ᣸µᘤ´Ä+-=.ᵫᑮÆ(Ḅ஺)ÇÈ᪷S◤⌕+ᵫu_ᮣÌᦋÎÄ▭Ḅᜐᳮ-=+Ðn234xÑÇÒÓÔÕÖᘤ+¶(eyzÈᔲªᐭ!"᣸µᘤ஺b⌕ȪᐭḄ+×.ØḄ%ᐜ!"஺<=᝱ÙᒹÛᨵÒÓÔÙÜ஺b⌕u_Ýj³ᜐᳮ<=Ḅ¡<=᝱ÙḄ82

86ÒÓÔxÑᡂḄ᝱+iÄᡠÞßḄᜐᳮ-=஺3.2.3Ḅஹ´àÈᑖáḄàÈᒹâyzḄãÖ>ä◀ஹ%ᐜḄæ(ஹçèḄãÖஹayzḄᑖ᪆>ᜐᳮêëU஺ì⌕.⌕ᨵḄ!"íî+ᓽð°Gyzᑮªᐭᜐᳮ<=Ḅ!"X⌕ñòᐸ-.ᜐᳮḄᮣÌឋ஺Ló+Ḅஹ´àÈᑖáÄôõ.ᜐᳮ<=>!"´ḄàÈᑖá`)ÇᦋᗐឋÈ+÷Ḽ´ஹᘤḄ°ù+úûᙠ¿ü+ýþḄᜐᳮ+iᙠÄḄàÈõÿḄᢝ஺ᒹ᝱᝞ஹᔜ᝱᪗"#$᝱᝞%ᢣ'ᙢᙬᩩṹ#᝱,-ᔜ.ᑴ01ᘤ34ᵨ01ᘤᑁ7$஺᝱89:ᩭ<ᙠ>1?@ᐸᦪCDEFGḄHIᙠ᡽ᜧᡠMNOPᜐᳮSTU1஺᝱DVWXYZ[ᩖ]^ᩭ^_᝞`aᵫᜐᳮSTU1cdefᐭhiᜐᳮjklḄ@mnoᵫOᨵq᝱rXᘤᢣ'stuᑮḄw9ᔜ᝱axyz{ᢣ'U1ᑣᢣ'FG}~[ᩖ஺ᡠM4ᑖᦣOCPUᔜᑖḄ᝱ᡂST᝱ᨵḄVWXᑣrᜐᳮᘤ᝱ᡈᣚ⍝$ᯠᵫ4~1ST᝱ᜐᳮᘤ᝱ஹᣚ⍝$ᑮ>1ᢣᓫᐗᡈḄᩭU1ḄSTᡈSḄST᝱ᜐᳮᘤ᝱ஹᣚ⍝$>1ᢣᓫᐗᡈᩭ〈ᑮᨵᐵ01ᘤ¡¢%STᡈSḄ£᛻஺¥r᝞`᝱¦_⌕¨©ªᐰPU1c¬®¯஺8°᝱rᐰPU1±rᑖPU1ஹᑖPᜐᳮSTU1⌕²ᐹ´VWXḄµ¶·ᵨᔠ¹ºu?Ḅ⌱¼஺83

87@m>⌕½O¾ᣚPSWḄ@mMIBM3709¿஺PSW916À8]¾ᣚPSWÁ◤ᑏஹÄÅÆs1ᕜÈᓽÊ஺᝞`PU1Ḅ᝱}_PSW<¦Ës1Ìᦪ<Í_s1@m<ÍË®¯1實åÆ>1ᕜÈÊæ%st_Æ@oÊMᐰᵫᩭU1஺3.3çèFGçèrᵨOéêVWXஹCPUஹ1ëᘤஹI/Oìí3᜜ïxᜓஹñS4,xᜓm,-〈4òḄóᔠ஺çèôᐸõöᔠḄ▬ø.ᑴᵯòG9çèFG஺ᢥ,-〈úÕஹឋÕḄu?ᨵᦪûèᙢᙬèü'ஹ@T,ý#.ᑴ/᝱èᵯÿᙢᜓᵨ஺ᦪ᪷ᦪ〈Ḅᦪᦪᓽᦪᙢᙬ᪷ᦪᙬḄᑴ/"᝱$Ḅ%&'(ᵨ&)*ᜓᵨᵨ+,-%&Ḅ᡽ᐙ஺3.3.1$Ḅᑖ2$ᢥᙠ,-5Ḅ6ᑖ7ᱏ9CPU7ᱏᑁḄ$;ஹ=9>?@A=ᑁḄᔜCDAEFGH$ᡈᑁH$;',-9>,-JᡈKLMI/ONᡈOᜓPJḄ$;39஺Q$ᐕSTU〈ḄVᔣᩭYZ[ᨵᓫᔣ^'_ᔣ^`a஺_ᔣ^bᨵc_84

88ᔣ'ᐰ_ᔣḄe஺c_ᔣZfghVᔣ〈ij&ᔣkCVᔣ〈ᐰ_ᔣᐕSᔣ`CVᔣ〈ᐰ_ᔣḄlm⌼opq᪀sᩖ஺$ᢥᵨuZᑖvwᵨ'xwᵨ`2஺j?kyᱥᳮHAḄ$Fwᵨ$஺ᐸ}~CHAZ[ᦈ/TUeᵨ$,-pTeᵨᢣ'Ḅᑴᓫ$Ḅᜫᦔj(?+$Ḅ`CHAe&TiZᐸHAJT,-Z☠஺wᵨ$Ḅ~$ᦪ஺᝞NCHAᵨ_ᔣwᵨ$ᙠᡠᨵZ&?ᑣ◤Nx(N-l)/2D$஺N¢ᜧ$ᦪ¤MHAᦪNᡂ¦V§ᐵ,©ªe«©¬ᜮ¯[°±ᓄஹ³ᡂᵯᓄµ¶$¢·ᡂ¸g¶p஺¹᜜wᵨ$ḄJᑭᵨ᳛½஺wᵨ$eᑭ+,-¾ᙽᓄ©ªkCHA⌕©ªSÁḄN'?஺xwᵨ$Z[Âa%&ᡈCHAᑖᐳÄkJjᨵkyHAZ(ᵨ$ÅÆT஺Ç᝞½ឋ&°ஹɱL5(ᵨḄᓫ$ÊKË$bI/஺$plᜧஹ5±,-vÌI/஺Oᜓ'CPUஹKËJ〈l᳛ḄÍÎ(ᵨḄKËஹI/OᑖÏḄ_$ᡈ$CÐÑÒÓᐳÄKLḄ,-(ᵨḄÐÎÔT$ᜐᳮL,-?ᵨḄÖ×ØÙÏᐵxwᵨ$஺xwᵨ$Ḅ}~*$ᦪÚ⌼o½$N᪗Üᓄஹ¾ᙽឋÝZ᡽ᐙ&)Ý,HAḄ©ªe(ᵯßஹN'àáᵯâ©᧕ᵨä$ᩭåp$Ḅæ'Z☠ឋ(ᦑèéᓄ஺~,-°êëìíᵨ$Ḅîï(ðñò$(ᵨᩗḄHAeòeôõ½ᦔ᳛஺᝞ᜐᳮe¶$ᨵZ&ᡂv,-lឋ&Ḅö⚠yᓫ$q᪀øᐸ᝞¹஺ᐸùᐳÄ$ᜫᦔúû,-üý஺I/O,-〉ÿᵨᵨ஺85

893.3.2Ḅᑴᵨᡠᢞᜓᡈ᝞ᵨᵫᑴ᪀ᢥ#$%ᐜ'()*+,-ᨵ/0%ᐜ1Ḅᵭὅ✌ᐜ56Ḅᵨᩗ஺ᑴ᪀89:;ᙠ/=>?@ᙠABᑮḄ/;D@ᙠᓫFḄG;HIJ:;ᑴ஺KᑴLMᑖᦣAᑮḄᔜIJᑖQᑴ஺RS-T:;ᑴ஺%ᐜ'(ḄUVWXᨵYZ[BஹV]^_F`3$aḄbWX@cdḄeᔠ஺gᵨh$5*iᑴᦪkஹᑖlmnஹᮣpឋஹW☠ឋstuḄvᔠᩗ⊝஺x3-5ᡠyJ:;YZ[B஺ᡠᨵHz{ᐳḄ""ᔣᑴᘤ⌕ᵨḄᵭ஺-ᨵ""`ᓽ""ᑴᘤ〈"Wᵨ"cYZᙢ஺᝞#Bᦈᑮ"Wᵨ"""〈/᝞Bᦈᑮ"Wᵨ"""ᑣ¢£¤〈"Wᵨ"஺`""¥◀ᐸ""¨ᓽ©ªᵨḄᩗᑭ¬ᓽW®ᜓᦪ¯Ḅ¤〈஺ᙠᦪ¯¤〈°±""²ᢝ"Wᵨ"Ḅ`஺´ᡂ¤〈¥◀"""Wᵨ"¶¬¥◀஺ᐸ""·'`¸¹ºḄᑖl»஺总线控制器x3-5:;YZ[B8

90YZ[B©ᵨᩗḄ%ᐜ'(@ᵫ"Wᵨ"ᡠBḄᱥᳮ¿Àᩭ*VḄÂᑴᘤÃÄḄᐸ%ᐜ1Ã0஺YZ[BḄ%Å@Æ⌱ÈÉÊËᓫᵨiÌ*ᑴᑖlḄᑴḄᦪÍ-◤⌕3᪷Ða5*iḄᦪÑḄÒÓÔ᧕-◤ËᓫᙢÖcAᑮᡈ×¥ᣵᓽWW᡽ᐙឋÛᵫiLMËᓫÔ᧕ÜÝÀÞ0W☠ឋ஺ßÅ@6"Wᵨ"àᐸᨵᐵᵯãḄᜫᦔæç᝞iaèéU¤〈"Wᵨ"ᑣi¬ḄᡠᨵaᑮḄᵨᩗ஺ᵫi%ᐜ1@AêVaèᵫ»(ᦋìaᮣp᝞0%ᐜ1Ḅ⚣î⌕ᵨᑣÂᑴᘤïḄðXᑮᵨḄᩗᑭ஺t"Wᵨ"ñòó(ᾭõᙢᔜᡠX▲ᑴªḄᑖlmn஺t÷nḄ▲ᑴᦑÒùᡈúõbûᑮ▲ᑴ஺x3-6ᡠyJ:;V]^஺Ḅ"”ýᜐi""`ᑣᑴᘤᦈᑮÿᦪᘤᦪᔜḄ஺ḄᦪḄ!"“$%"'ᦪᘤ()ᦪ*ᓽ,ᑴᘤ.)஺/0◀Ḅ"$"234$'ᵨᩗ7ᜓ9〈ᦪ;<=>ᡂ9〈@)0◀"$%"஺AB"$"CᨵEḄFG$ᑖIJK஺᝞MNO$ᑖIPQᦪᘤR"0",S"0"TᐜVḄ᣸XY/Z[\]^᝞MNO$ᑖIPᦪᘤ_R"0",S.)`abᑣdefTᐜV@ᡠᨵhij/Ḅ'ᵨ$kl^᝞M$ᑖIPQᦪᘤmᡂnGopᢣnG@ᨬsTᐜV^᝞M$ᑖIPQtEumFᑣpᢣᔜ@vwᡠxyḄTᐜV஺87

91{总0N-1线控$制r器I$%IᦪI|3-6}.~ḄT`ᦪᘤoஹᙳpᵫKXᑴTᐜOXpᵨKX,ᑴᮣឋ^_lnGᜫᦔᐸ$Ḅ'ᵨp☠ឋs஺`,ᑴḄᦪ◤2+log2N᪷^pᐳ$Ḅᦪ▲Ḅᦪᙬ᡽¢ឋ£¤^,ᑴ@¥ᩖ^$ᑖIḄ§¨©ªᦪ«Ḅ⚣᳛®ᦪ_¯s஺0N-\$0|7"总$7°0线控$µ21制器$7°2௃$³´ᑖI|3-7}.~¶"|3-7ᡠ·@}.~¶"¸~஺ᐳ$ḄNGᔜ¹ᨵ"$"®"$7°"஺'ᵨ$〈"$"«ᑮ$,ᑴᘤ஺»⌕$½Ḽ"$³´ᑖI"¿«$,ᑴᘤp᪷;ndÀÁ/〈ᩭḄGÃ[ÄÅÆGp'ᵨ$Ç"ᓽÈJjÉḄ"$7°"〈Ê0◀ᐸ!""$³´ᑖI"34$'ᵨᩗ$ᑖIJKËÌ஺<=ᦪ;9〈>B0◀"$³´ᑖI"Í$,ᑴᘤ0◀"$7°"ÇEḄ$88

92ᑖI஺¶"¸~ḄT`Î$ᑖI§¨ÏᡠᨵḄ$/〈ᑮ$,ᑴᘤ_ᵨ^,ᑴᘤp'ᵨKXp,Ḅ⚜¸~ஹ¹〉ɸ~ஹef¸~ᡈÓÔḄÕᔠ¸~ᮣFG'ᵨ$Ḅ^¸×ᙢ◞ÚᜫᦔḄ஺`Î,ᑴᦪÛJᜧ,@,ᑴNGuᜓÜÝᨵ2N+1᪷,ᑴÞ$,ᑴᘤ⌕¥ᩖ4஺}.~,ᑴḄ3d¸~ᔜᨵTஹ`Bßd¸~ᵨᙠsឋḄáஹᜧஹ.ãÀkäPᵨ4ᨬåæḄçஹèãké⌕êëᵨZ[\]¸~஺@Óìᓫ×îï,$,ᑴᘤḄË᪀®,ᑴḄᦪäᡠ]ḄGᦪ¿ᐵÞᔜGḄᑖIᵨ]óô$Ḅᵭ®©4'ᵨᩗḄ¸~ö᪵Ḅ஺=ᐸᔜGḄTᐜVøùḄ`pÈJumᐹᨵ᪷ᨵ_/TᐜVOXḄ"$pᵨ"᪷;_/Ḅ◤⌕ᵨû,ᑴjÉḄ“$pᵨ"üýᩭþ⊡஺3.3.3ḄᢈḄᵨᩗḄ"""Ḅ"〈Ḅ!"#$ᔣ&'()*+,-Ḅᦪ/Ḅ〈஺ᙠ1Ḅ〈$23415ᑖ789#:9;<஺L89=Ḅ〈ᵫ?@ஹ?BḄCDE᪗89஺Ḅ〈G᳛IJKLḄMNOEPᙠ1ḄEQ5)R⌼ᡂ89UVEP1ḄW᡾Y᧕[\U89஺2.:9ᵫ^I/O_`7ᨵb8GLḄcdI/Oeᜓᡠᐳijkl^mᵨ:9஺:9nᑖᓫᔣpᑴ#rs/uvwᔣpᑴ;<஺xyzᵫᡈḄ'_pᑴḄ|89

937ᓫᔣp}ᡈᓫᔣp}~ᵫ#Ḅᐳ8pᑴḄ|7rs/uvwᔣpᑴ஺3-8aᡠ7:9ᓫᔣp}஺ᦪ/ᙠ“ᦪ/"1qᙠpᑴ1"ᦪ/ᜓ"YḄ7ᦈᦪ/Ḅ⌱Yᵨ஺t17■"ᦪ/ᜓ"Y5)ᐜ^"ᦪ/"ᑮḄ~┯஺fᘤᐭḄᦪ/ᡈᑖᡠ◤ḄE=஺Lᦪ/_ᦪ/523-8:9ᓫᔣpᑴap}bp}ᓫᔣp}Ḅ¡¢ᓫஹIG஺£¡¤¥ᨵᩭ§Ḅᢣ©〈ᔲᨵᦔḄuv;b8GLḄ=®¯°ᑁ◤e²³´ᘤ³´ᩭbᜐᳮḄᦪ/·ᦔ᳛¸IG°ᢵᐸᦔ)·⌕s"ᦪ/ᜓ"W᡾Oᔲᑣ᧕U½ᡂᨵᦔY஺3-8bᡠ7:9ᓫᔣp}5¾¿〈ᨵᦔឋ᪥ÂḄÃ⚪஺ᵫḄÅÆ"ᦪ/rs”ᩭÈᦪ/ᙠ"ᦪ/"1Ḅ"ᦪ/rs"ÉÊË〈ᓽ2tdᦪ/ᑮḄᵫᐸÍÂᦪ/Ḅᨵᦔឋ஺᝞Ïᨵ┯Ḅu〈"ᦪ/┯"ÐÑÒ_Ó“ᦪ/rs"஺Ôᯠ〈G᳛ÖஹḄ'=B×ḄØÙ~ÒÚ஺k᜜*+E◤ᨵÜÝÞE=Ḅᙠᦈᦪ/◤Ù1┯UÍÂE=()Ò_Ó"ᦪ/rs"ßàá〈G᳛ÒÚ஺ᓫᔣpᑴḄ£¡¤b)âãÒ_Óᦪ/〈'äåᡠᨵᦪ/#pᑴḄᵯçY90

94ឮéᡂê+ë᝱í~5)⌼ᡂ┯U஺jk5mᵨ:9rs/uvwᔣpᑴ஺:9wᔣî┝$}ðØÙYñᩭu〈ḄËᦪpᑴòóéᩖõö)〉øᔜᕜ@ᡠ,〈ḄA.஺BCᑖE@Fᡠ,〈Ḅᦪ!"#GH⌕IJ<=>ᕜ@ᑖC,〈ᩭKᡂ஺MᵨNOᦪ!"#$Pᔜ'ᜓḄᱯSஹᡠᵨUᑴWᢈYᨵᐵ஺ᦪ!"#ᨵᓫ]^ᓫ]⁚`ஹabᙽஹGdbᙽஹᓫ]eabᙽWᓫ]eGdbᙽfgᑖ஺ᓫ]^ᓫ]⁚`"#〉ᔠ2jᐭlஹᡭᓺlf'ᜓ஺opqr'ᜓᙠtC,〈;<]^]⁚`+Ḅuvfw=Fxbᙠqy=Fz{|}~ᩭpḄ'ᜓGᜧᜧᑭᵨ᳛Wᦔ᳛஺ᓫ]^ᓫ]⁚`"#0〉ᔠ☢ᔣᡂᙽA,〈Ḅஹf'ᜓ஺opqr'ᜓᯠuvfwḄ=Fxb;,〈A᳛ᓾt,〈;<]^]⁚`+ᑖE℉JuvfwWḄCᦪ$├¡'ᜓḄfᦔuv#0Hᐙᑖᑭᵨ"஺Mᵨᓫ]^ᓫ]⁚`"#0ᵨᢣ¤,〈AḄb#ᨵᑭ2¥¦├஺abᙽ"#〉ᔠ2f'ᜓGᐙᑖᑭᵨ"஺abᙽ0ᵨᢣ¤,〈AḄb#§ᓄ©Uᑴ஺1=Gᢥ᦮<Aᙽ¬᪥¯஺ᵫ2ᙽḄᜧ±²a³/´⌕,91

95〈ḄAᙽᜧ±±*J=µ⌕JCᑖE¶·᝞¹ᜧ2⌕,〈ḄAᙽ=º»¼Ḅ"W½¾ᘤÀF*ÁÂ0HÃ=ÄÅḄ஺Gdbᙽ"#〉ᔠ2ÆᐜÈḄஹf'ᜓᮣÊឋÌGᢥ'ᜓḄᱯSÍ᝱ᙢᦋd,〈ᙽḄᜧ±g$ÁÂḄᱥᳮᡈÒÓAᙽᜧ±;ÔᨵᦔᙢᑭᵨḄ"ḄÁÂHᐰÖ஺p×⌕ᜧ½¾ᘤÀFWeᢣ¤,〈Aᙽᜧ±Ḅ├WUᑴ஺Mᵨᓫ]eGdbᙽḄ,〈;OᮣÊᨵᦔᓾØᩖஹ├ᜧḄÚ஺³⌕Û,〈ᓫ]=´g2ÜHᡂᙽ,〈ḄÚGḕÞßᵨ2ᡂᙽ,〈Ḅ0¦à¶·³⌕Ûᡂᙽ,〈=ᙽḄᜧ±ºHá᦮ᑮ$ÁÂWãᵨḄ⌕Ûä〉ãå·Æᓄ©Ḅᵨ஺2.ᦪ⌕ᨵæ〈/èᦈᵯ7ஹ,jëᡈᵯìஹÄèíᜮWᵯïfᐸᡂñ´ÒÓ7ḄxJ·òÄèᘤᓰô©ä³ᜧḄᱥᳮÀFG☠ឋḄÁᑖ஺ḄᦪöJᑣᡂñöø᡾öᜧG☠ឋöᓰᵨḄÀFöᜧ஺³ᯠ,〈#Wú.ö஺ûᓃ᜜Ḅb#öbᑣᡂñöø᡾öᜧþÿᶚ☠ឋ஺ᦪ஺ᦪḄᨵஹ⁚ஹᡈ!4"஺ᙠ$%ឋ&'()*+ᦪ஺ᦪ,-ᵨḄ/ᔠஹ1ṹ34/676/48ᣚᩭ;7<=>Ḅ?+஺Ḅ/ᔠ&@ᢥB&CD〈Fᔣᡠ◤Ḅᦪ஺J᝞ឋLMNஹFᔣMOPQRSTUḄV᪷ᓫᔣᵨ7᪷YᔣZ[஺Ḅ1ṹ\]ᦪ^᪷B&_`1ṹᩭaZb"B&cᵨᓫdeᡂḄg᪷ᓫB&஺4/676/48ᣚ\ᙠVhi4/6ஹ6/48ᣚᘤkᵨlḄᦪmgnᑖpqD〈rsᙠtḄh/uᡂe᦮Ḅ஺6/4Ḅwaxyz{ᡂ|}ឋ&Ḅᩗ⊝஺᩽hḄ76`D〈Ḅ@ᵨy,஺92

96Ḅ/ᔠ&@ᢥB&CD〈Fᔣᡠ◤Ḅᦪ஺J᝞ឋLMNஹFᔣMOPQRSTUḄV᪷ᓫᔣᵨ7᪷YᔣZ[஺Ḅ1ṹ\]ᦪ^᪷B&_`1ṹᩭaZb"B&cᵨᓫdeᡂḄg᪷ᓫB&஺4/676/48ᣚ\ᙠVhi4/6ஹ6/48ᣚᘤkᵨlḄᦪmgnᑖpqD〈rsᙠtḄh/uᡂe᦮Ḅ஺6/4Ḅwaxyz{ᡂ|}ឋ&Ḅᩗ⊝஺᩽hḄ76`D〈Ḅ@ᵨy,஺᪗7<ᒹஹB&ஹᵯ3-wR4F☢Ḅ᪗஺J᝞NubusTexesஹFastbus.NanobusEocornஹVMEQEEEP1296MC68000IEEEH014.MultibusnIntelஹiPSB4`z{!ᨵᵨy᪀⌼gᜐᳮ஺1991ḄFuturebus+᪗ᢝ64ᙢᙬ¡¢CgRISCᡈ)7Zgᜐᳮᡠ⌕¤ᑮḄ¦ᔢ᳛Ḅ©ª«¬᪗ᵨyTTLஹBTLஹCMOSஹECLஹGaAs!®¯zᑡḄ±²³´஺µ᝞IBMPC¶ᐜrT¸ᨵISAATஹEISA32ஹPCI᜜º»¼½¾Ḅ᪗஺3.41/0z{3.4.11/0z{ᭆÀ1/0Áᐭ/ÁÃz{ᒹÁᐭ/ÁÃiᜓஹiᜓÅᑴᘤ3}Áᐭ/ÁÃÇᨵᐵḄÉஹʼ஺ឋ&ᓫᵨᡝḄÁᐭ/ÁÃÇgᦪÌᵫwÎᕒÐÑÒ᣸I/Oz{ḄiÔ⌕\ὃ⇋×xØCPUஹÔÙCI/஺iᜓᙠÚ¶ḄÛᜧÝ஺;ᜧgᦪᒹQÞஹß᫏áâãᜓᨵlgḄI/OiᜓäP\ᦪᑮᦪᓝᵨᡝᙠᑖæCPUஹÔÙC᜜ºiᜓçè஺Áᐭ/ÁÃz{é᪀iḄØê=ÐÑëìz{Ḅឋ&QíëìÁᐭ/ÁÃÚᔜᵨᡝïwÎÁᐭᑮðéñÁÃḄS¢CPUஹÔÙḄᑭᵨ᳛ó=ëìᑮ᦮1/093

97z{Ḅôõឋஹ᡽¸ឋஹ÷ᔠᜐᳮ&øCឋ&ùúû!஺Áᐭ/ÁÃz{ḄT¸mᔊý3▤ÿ3ᓽᑴ1/0ᒹᐰḄஹḄஹḄஹᘤ!"DMA#I/Oᜐᳮ&஺()*ᑖ,ᵨ./Ḅ01&234*ᵨ/523஺I/஺ᜐᳮ&6ᨵ8⍝"Channel:᜜<ᜐᳮ&"PPU=ᑖ஺ᙠ8⍝8⍝*?@A"ᜐᳮ&"(ᨵCDḄᢣF23"8⍝ᢣF:"8⍝஺Gᩩ8⍝ᢣFIJᐭ/JMNO5OḄP᜜QRSᑴTMU᝞WᑏYZF[M\ᣚ^_Ḅ`abᙢᙬ#\ᣚḄeᦪY஺8gh᪗jklᩩ8⍝ᢣF᪀ᡂ8⍝oᙠ`p8⍝Ḅqrs஺8⍝8g᡻S8⍝ᩭᑴJᐭ/JM(vCPU*wxSyP஺ᯠ{8⍝ᢣFḄ|}~ᓫᵨ☢5ᐹᨵ☢ᔣ᜜Qᑴ:ᦪ〈ḄᢣF஺8⍝6Aᙠ`Ḅ8⍝ᑁᨵᘤᵨqrᦪ஺ᡠw8⍝x.AḄᜐᳮ&஺᜜<ᜐᳮ&ᑣA5ឋஹ8ᵨឋ:|}~Ḅᜐᳮ&஺Jᐭ/JMQᜓᑖ᜜:JQᜓᜧ஺᜜ᨵஹஹᐝY஺JQᜓᨵஹ᪗ஹᐝ¡ஹ¢£ᘤஹᔜᡭᓺ/ᓺe&ஹ§¨Jᐭ/JMQᜓஹ©ª«¬ᘤஹ®ᘤY஺3.4.28⍝ᜐᳮ&ḄyP¯ᳮ:°Q08⍝ᜐᳮ&AIBM±²✌ᐜµMᩭḄ5I/Oᜐᳮ&¶·¸¹ᵨIBM360/370Y2ᑡ&»஺¼☢D½¾gᜧlᦪ01&23.¿ᵫᵨᡝÂ᣸Jᐭ/JMḄ¯ÄᐸÆÇ4AM■ÉᵨᡝÊË23.pÌᐸWMḄᑁ#■Éᵨᡝ*wCSJᐭ{ẚÎᐸÏᵨᡝ94

98:23Ḅὃ⇋஺ÄÒÓᜐᳮ&ᵨᩭᑴ᜜

99/ᳮ᪷123ᢣ5ᡠ78Ḅ9ᦪ᝞<ᜓ>ஹ?ᣚABḄCDᙢᙬஹ⌕?ᣚḄABGHIᑴ⍝஺⍝KLᡂCPUNᩩ#ᐭ/#%ᢣ5ᡠ⌕᡻ḄQR஺ᑴSḄ⍝ᙠTUV⍝Ḅ⍝WXY⍝ḄZ[ᙢᙬ\]ᐭḄ⍝ᙢᙬ^ᓫᐗaᵫ/ᳮᢣcde஺fg/ᳮ᡻"I/O"ᢣ5iᐭ⍝jD⌱l<ᜓm஺"I/O"ᢣ5n⌕Ḅ#ᐭ/#%ᢣ5o/᝱ᢣ5ᐸr᝞!3-17ᡠ,஺ᐜ⌱lᢣtḄ⍝ஹu⍝᝞v\wxyz({|}%⍝ᙢᙬ^ᢥ⍝ᙢᙬ^%Ḅ⍝✌ᙢᙬ|⍝WXY}%Nᩩ⍝ᢣ5஺᪥ᐸeg⌱lU<ᜓᑴᘤ<ᜓ஺᝞V<ᜓn\wḼḄ{ᔣ<ᜓ5஺"I/O"ᢣ5n⌕Ḅ#ᐭ/#%ᢣ5o/᝱ᢣ5ᐸr᝞!3-11ᡠ,஺ᐜ⌱lᢣtḄ⍝ஹu⍝᝞v\wxyz({|}%⍝ᙢᙬ^ᢥ⍝ᙢᙬ^%Ḅ⍝✌ᙢᙬ|⍝WXY}%Nᩩ⍝ᢣ5஺᪥ᐸeg⌱lU<ᜓᑴᘤ<ᜓ஺᝞V<ᜓn\wḼḄ{ᔣ<ᜓ5஺rᡂᩩṹ2☜vrᡂᩩṹ2?vrᡂᩩṹ2?vrᡂᩩw2?vxᡂᩩṹ26y⍝{᝱|2?v

100ᡂᩩ"Ḅ^⁚¡ᐰ"o",8ᡂ£ᩩṹ¤<ᜓḄ᝱^⁚¥ᐰ¦£ᐺy◀noª«¬ឋ®¡gᡂᡂᩩṹ¦ᡂᩩṹ¯◀ᩩ,:ᡂᡂᩩṹᡂḄ""⊤,⍝!3-11"I/O"ᢣ5⍝\gCPU⌨%/᝱³´µ᝱஺¶⍝iᐭ⍝ᦪ1·〈m᡻⍝I/OjD⍝¹<ᜓ)Ḅᦪ1·〈஺º»⍝᡻L¼⍝ᢣ5g·〈LᡂZ⍝ᦪ1·〈mᔣCPU%I/O஺½ᯠ᝞¿%ÀᦑÂஹ┯IÄÅ(®ᔣCPU%I/஺஺CPUÆUÇgÈÉ/᝱Ê%U/ᳮTiᜐᳮ᝞oËÅ{iÌÍÎÏ;᝞oᦑÂஹ┯ᑣiᜐᳮ஺fgÒµ᝱³´µ᝱Ḅ஺᪵ÔÉ#ᐭ/#%Õ◤×Éi/᝱ᜧᜧÙÚÛTµ᝱ḄÜ᡾Þ℉7àÛCPUá᜜<ḄãäH஺+åRæ⍝çèᔜᨵëìḄ⍝í(îRïஹRð<ᜓçèañ஺⍝ᙠ⍝ᦪ1·〈m᝞¿ᡠwòḄRð<ᜓí(⌕?ᣚABᡈὅn⍝Ḅᦪ1õH¹⌕·〈ḄABõHI(ö⌕RÉ⌱l½÷⌕·〈ABḄnøð<ᜓᓽÔ·〈Næᦪ1õH{⌕ãú⌱l<ᜓ஺᪷1⍝ᦪ1·〈mAB·〈deḄíçᑖ¡^⁚RüஹᦪRü⌱l3ý⍝஺^⁚Rü⍝〉ᵨᜧḄᐝᵯᜓ஺〈97

101⁚Ḅ!"⁚Ḅ#$஺%&!'⍝ᦪ*+,-ᓫ⁚!/⁚012345-67ᜓ89!:ᦔ᳛=>஺⁚6?'⍝@A/ᨵ6C'⍝!ᔜC'⍝EFG᡻I'⍝ᢣK!LIᙢNO!/⁚+,ᑖQR'⍝஺ᙠTC'⍝UḄ67ᜓVEᑖ:ᵨC'⍝஺ᦪX6?'⍝〉ᔠ67[\>ᜓ஺]^ᜓḄ〈᳛>!"〈_`aḄbᙬdeNO$஺-fᐙᑖᑭᵨLiAEjkᔜ7>ᜓḄdeNO!lm'⍝no#!pᵨᡂX0123rO஺ᐸᦪ*+,-t$ᙽ!〈vK⁚ᦪ*wxjy⌱{|ᜓ஺Aᨵ6C'⍝!}᡻I6'⍝~஺ᡠᨵC'⍝Eᑖᐳᐭ/R'⍝!"/ᡂX0123〈Ḅ!ᐹᨵ6?LINOḄE!@ᐹᨵ>Ḅᦪ*〈᳛஺⌱{'⍝〉ᔠᐜ>Ḅ[\>ᜓ!mFᓰ'⍝!E᡻I⍝'⍝~஺ᦪ*〈/lt$ᙽ23QI!ᦪ*+,-A$ᙽ!/V⁚ᐰ〈v஺ᡠ/!ᙠᦪ*〈ᑁ⌱{ᜓ஺2.'⍝5Ḅ'⍝5'⍝ᙠᦪ*〈ᑁ!ᓫᑁ〈Ḅ⁚ᦪ஺EᑮḄᨬᜧ5'⍝᩽▲5஺'⍝Ḅ᩽▲5¡ᐸrO23ஹᦪ*〈ᑁ⌱{ᜓḄ£¤〈⁚ḄrDḄ$ᨵᐵ஺⁚6?'⍝T⌱{7ᜓ〈⁚!ᐸ'⍝᩽▲5f_1/max.•byte1+7ᦪX6?'⍝T⌱{7ᜓA〈vK⁚஺᝞§⌕〈N⁚!x©ᑖª98

102N/K1〈«I!T〈¬⌕⌱ᜓ!'⍝᩽▲511fmaxMock⌱{'⍝T⌱{7ᜓxN⁚ᐰ〈v!'⍝᩽▲5N1•select2NTD®ᯠ!°'⍝ḄGT±t!²N>K?23Ḅ³´!⌱{23Ḅᨬᜧ஺ᵫ'⍝rO¶ᳮA¸!ᢞUᜓw!ᜓ⌕º'⍝Ḅ»▭ᨬᜧ5!⁚0123rOḄ½¾'⍝ᡠᔜᜓḄ⁚〈᳛¿¤!ᓽ",ᦪX6?¤⌱{rOḄ½ᡠᔜᜓḄ‘⁚〈᳛´Ḅᨬᜧὅ!ᓽ•ÄលÆ!3´!!-'⍝ḄÇÈÉ-ÊjÈ'⍝UᡠᢞḄÊi7ᜓḄ⁚〈᳛ÉÈ-ÊjÈ'⍝´ᡠᜓḄ7ᦪ஺-fËÌÊjÈ'⍝UᡠᢞᜓᙠÍÎ₹ḄᨬÐÑÒ|¬lÓᜫÕÖ!×ØÍÙᜓ⌕º'⍝Ḅ»▭ᨬᜧ5lÚÛ'⍝ḄÜ5Ý■%&,Uà3'⍝½ᑖáÍÙJblock•jW/max•block•j^select,j,select•j᝞§I/Oâãᨵm'⍝!ᐸ´1~×-⁚6?'⍝!å+1~ç-ᦪX6?'⍝!ç+1~⊈-⌱{'⍝!ᑣI/OâãḄ᩽▲5-çm2mfa=£J,byte7+^max,blocky,^max«selectj=ly=m]+lj=n»2+l×ᯠêÍÙmlpjFPj«Pjëìn+,ᨔîḄ•/mRI/Oâãïð⚣+'Ḅóº஺◀I/Oâã᜜!CPUVó:ᵨïð஺öËᢝ99

103øâãᔜᑖ⚣ùḄú⊝Rü!ᵫ/^x᪷*tþÿᜧᑮḄ⚣)I/Oᓰ⚣ḄḄᵨ⌶ᨵᜧᐵ஺ூ!⁚#$௃1ஹ())ᙠᵨᡝ,-◤⌕012ᐭ456᡻8":;"ᢣ=4>?Ḅ:;@Aᵫ":;"ᢣ=Ḅ8CṹᢣEAஹ:;FBஹ᜜HFCஹ,-ឋFDஹJᐭFKᫀMAN᪆M:;F)ᙠᵨᡝ,-◤⌕012P456᡻8":;"ᢣ=4>?Ḅ,:;@Aᵫ“:;”ᢣ=Ḅ8CṹᢣE஺2ஹ())IBMTU✌ᐜXᩭḄZ[I/Oᜐᳮ^_`abcᵨdIBM360/370eᑡgAஹ5⍝ᜐᳮBஹijklCஹmDஹnjKᫀMAN᪆M5⍝ᜐᳮ)IBMTU✌ᐜXᩭḄZ[I/Oᜐᳮ^_`abcᵨdIBM360/370eᑡg஺100

1043.qrstᵨuvḄwxKᫀMuvᦪz⌼|}~uv᪗ᓄஹᙽឋ~᡽ᐙHḄᵯஹᵯ~᧕ᵨuvᩭXiuvḄ☠ឋᦑᓄ஺4.qr8ḄwxKᫀM⌱¢£qᓫᵨdN¥uv¦ᑴᑖ©Ḅ¦ᑴvḄvᦪzª◤⌕3᪷¬¥dHḄᦪ®~HḄ¯°᧕ª◤qᓫᙢ²³´ᑮuvgᡈ¶uvg·ᣵᓽ᡽ᐙឋº~ᵫd»¼qᓫ°᧕56½¾¿Xi☠ឋ஺5ஹ())CPUI/O¾ᜓÁ5⍝ὶḄÃᐹAஹJᐭ/JFBஹ:;FCஹ,-ឋFDஹ᜜HFKᫀMAN᪆MJᐭ/JF)CPUI/O¾ᜓÁ5⍝ὶḄÃᐹᙠJᐭ/J01ÆᡂᡈὅI/O5⍝ᡈὅ¾ᜓÉ?ᦑ4>஺6ஹ()ᩭÊ᜜H³ᒹÌᔜ[Î4ᘤFஹ᜜HÐÑFÁFÒFAஹ᜜HFBஹ:;FCஹJᐭFDஹJFKᫀMAN᪆M᜜HFᩭÊ᜜H³ᒹÌᔜ[Î4ᘤFஹ᜜HÐÑFÁFÒF஺101

1057ஹÓÔjÕidJᐭ/JFjÕAஹ᜜HFBஹ:;FCஹJᐭFDஹ,-ឋFKᫀMAN᪆M᜜HFjÕidJᐭ/JFjÕ஺8ஹqrÖ×ØÙ^_ḄwxKᫀMuvᑖ©ÚÛÜᡠᨵHḄuvØÙÞ4〈ᑮuv¦ᑴᘤᵨàá~¦ᑴᘤâᵨ,-¦Ḅ⚜Î^_ஹÊ〉^_ஹåæ^_ᡈ³çḄèᔠ^_ᮣëìÎíZîᵨuvḄH~^ïᙢ◞ñᜫᦔHḄØÙ஺9ஹqrᓫᔣõ¦_ḄwöxKᫀMÓ1wx)qᓫஹiÚ஺Ó2öx)M÷ᨵᩭÊøḄHᢣEù〈)ᔲᨵᦔḄûK~ÞÚÛḄHü5Ðýþÿᑁ◤ᘤᩭᜐᳮḄᦪᦔ᳛ᢵᐸᦔ;⌕"ᦪ"ᜓ”%᡾'ᔲᑣ᧕+,ᡂᨵᦔ/0஺10ஹ3456ឋ89:ᒹ<ᢣ>?ᦪḄ@A┯ஹ56᡻D8EFGH3IJᢣ>ஹK᝱MNᵨP᝱ᢣ>ஹQRSTUAVWஹXᙬZ[QR\]ஹᔜ_`Eஹ◀ᦪb0ஹᨵᦔcb0d456Ḅefgஹhṓ56jeḄklmnḄ89dAஹ56ឋ89Bஹ᜜89Cஹpᐭ89102

106DஹpE89sᫀuAv᪆u56ឋ89:ᒹ<ᢣ>?ᦪḄ@A┯ஹ56᡻D8EFGH3IJᢣ>ஹK᝱MNᵨP᝱ᢣ>ஹQRSTUAVWஹXᙬZ[QR\]ஹᔜ_`Eஹ◀ᦪb0ஹᨵᦔcb0d456Ḅefgஹhṓ56jeḄklmnḄ89d103

107x4yRz{|}yḼRz{|Ḅ}ᭆRzᘤ?CacheRzᘤḄᳮஹᙢᙬḄ᧜?ᣚஹᣚJᐸFឋḄᑖ᪆ᨵᐵᑖ8Ḅ¡¢T⚪஺4.1}ᭆ4.1.1Rz{|ᐸᑖ¤Rz{|3ᓽRz¦§4:¨᪀ᡂRz|ªḄ«_¬ḄRzᘤ3M[~MQ±²³´µஹᡈ´µN±·¸ᵨ56ᕒº»ᩭ¼½¾ᙠÀÁ³:ÂÃ᦮{஺¨Rz¦§ḄdᦔST»:ÅÆÇM1Ḅ\]:MnḄÊcË@:ÅÆÇMnḄ஺}ḄÌÍRz{|:Rzᘤ?CacheRzᘤÎ:Rz{|ḄÏìḄᑖ¤஺Rzᘤ:QR\]ÐÑÒ⌕ÓÔEᩭḄ஺ᙠQR?´R±²Õ´µḄஹᜓ¨½¾᪀ᡂÂÃ᦮{ᡠ×ØbQR´RRz¦§᝞Ú4-1ᡠÝ஺·CPU³¼»:ÅÆÇQRḄ\]:´RḄÊcË@:ÅÆÇ´RḄ஺·»³¼QRḄSTà²ábâãSTà²Ḅ10⁐ᓽæ10çè஺·Ë@³¼QRḄ:ÊcË@ábâãÊcË@Ḅ103,ᓽë1000è஺᝞ìRz¦§ÅÆ´RḄÊcË@í᪀ᡂdÇ´R\]ḄæQRîïᜧᜧÔRzᘤ|ªḄឋË@ñ஺¸ᵨ56ᕒòᵨóᘤᢣ>Ḅᙢᙬj᦮Ã56ªÂôᙬØõᙢᙬbᙢᙬ356ᙢᙬ4Óö▭QRᙢᙬØbᙢᙬ3Rᙢᙬ4஺øRù²356ù²4úúᜧÇᙢᙬù²3Rù²4àû◤ü56ù²ᑖᒘᡂþ'Ḅÿᡈ⚓ᵫᢥ◤⌕ᐭᱥᳮᵨ᧜⊤ᐸஹᙢᙬ!Ḅ#$ᐵ஺ᙠᵨᙢᙬ()ᵫ*+,-./ᙢᙬᡠ#$104

108ᓫᐗḄᑁ56ᔲ89ᐭ஺᝞;ᙠᑁ<=ᣚᡂᙢᙬ@(AB᝞;Cᙠᑁ

109ᵫghi¡ᔠᡂ᝞4-3ᡠḄ£ghi஺¤¥kCPUo-6p/᦮mᨵᨬ}hMlḄnoஹᨬ§hMnḄ5ᨵᨬ§hMnḄ஺gmKhiL4-3£ghi4.1.2gmḄ᪀ᡂ¨©tªgmᨵᦔᙢ¬^CPU⌕ᵨᑮ¯/ᙢᙬḄᑁ5)°¤¥±8ᙠnoᨬ²ḄMi³.<⌕u⚜µ¶ᩭ·(AḄᙢᙬ.#gmḄ᪀ᡂ6¸¹ᐵºḄ஺.»⚜µḄឋ6½¾¿ÀᐹᨵÂឋᒹÃ)!eḄÂឋ_!eḄÂឋ஺ÄὅᢣḄ6ᙠᨬḄ¶ᩭ⌕ᵨᑮḄÇ6ᙠÈᙠªᵨḄ.6qᙠÉÊBËὅᢣḄ6ᙠᨬḄ¶ᩭ⌕ᵨᑮḄÇᙠÈᙠªᵨḄᙠ!e6ÌḄ.6qᢣÍι6ÏÐஹÏ᡻Qᦪ©Î¹6Òᔣஹ▣ᑡஹ᪛×ஹ⊤Ø×ÙÚÛᙢÐḄ஺ᡠÒ᡻Q)ᡠᵨᑮḄᢣÍ_ᦪ©6Ü#ÚÛᡂÝᯠḄᙽᡈ⚓Kgᘤ³~ḄßàᓫᐗáL஺.᪵hiḄMiCWᐭ᦮/f◤FâᵨãḄᙽᡈ⚓K᪷©)!ÂឋLᐭᓽ஺ᙠkM2åᡠ⌕(AḄæ〈Mi),pèéæᡠᙠḄᙽᡈ⚓᦮/åᩭK᪷©!ḄÂឋL<ª⌕ᵨḄ8ᙠMiḄᭆ᳛ì℉{ᜧ஺.6ghi᪀ᡂḄ⌕¨©஺⚜µḄïðឋ6ghi|¾NñḄ⌕᪗óÇᜧoeåôᡠᵨ¿õ_ᙢᙬ᧜=ᣚḄöÙ஺p÷·(ACᙠMi³)øᐜᵭû(Ḅ<ᨚý᡻Qᡈ·ᢞÿᑮᡠ◤ᐭMi஺ᢣḄᘤ஺MiCache,ᑣᢞᨚ᡻"#$ᐭM1஺%&'(CPU)#&*+,CPU-Cache,.10

11001ᨵ345஺.67ᘤ8〉ᵨ;<⍝><ᵨᡝ@A᛻CCacheᘤIJKᓫᵨᡝA᛻.JK<ᵨᡝA᛻஺4.1.3MNḄឋ8PᦪRᓫSKT4-4ᡠWḄXYMN>M1M\]ᩭᑖ᪆஺aCiMiḄcdefS,%KdjkḄlmT^CPUrsᑮMitḄᡠ◤Ḅ&*஺uevwឋ8xᐭvwḄcdefcyt᳛H0#ᦔrs&*TA஺vwḄcdefcl^Mp?A|C2sM28q2M]}~M2T4-4XYMNḄuevwḄcdef83;c2,ᯠ᜜஺%&tᵨMNᡠḄஹefjkᙠᑁᡠK⌕C3;C2,+▲ᑴᡠḄᑖஹef8eft}Ḅᑖᔲᑣ¡℉£¤MNḄឋ8ef¥஺yt᳛H¦§CPU¨©Ḅª«ᙢᙬ8ᙠM1trsᑮ>ytᑮ@Ḅᭆ᳛஺yt᳛Jᵨ¯°ᡈ²³´µ¶ᓽ᡻"ᡈ²}¸ᨵ¹⊤ឋḄª«ᙢᙬ»Ḅ8ᙠMitrsᑮḄwᦪRi½&ᙠMt+ᐭᑮMiḄwᦪR2,ᑣyt᳛H=R>/ᵨR2@஺¡ᯠyt᳛H-Ḅᙢᙬ»ஹᡠᵨḄᙢᙬ⚜ᑨk´ÂḄlmÃᨵᜧᐵN஺ᡃÇ''ÉᜧÉÊᓽHÉ3;1ÉÊ஺Ëᙢyt᳛ᡈᜫᦔ᳛ᢣᵫCPU¨©Ḅª«107

111ᙢᙬᙠMitrsᑮḄᭆ᳛஺ÎXYvwᜫᦔ᳛1-HÊ஺aCPUÎvwËÏXYḄrs&*¥r=TT1%,ᑣA_T^_T_1CA>THT&+aHY&AÑJ¶e=f(r,H)ḄᐵN᝞T4-5ᡠW஺T4-5Î;%Ḅr,yt᳛H-rsᦔ᳛eḄᐵNᵫT4-5J×⌕rsᦔ᳛eØ;LᙠrÚÉᜧ&6⌕µyt᳛HÉÛ஺]᝞r=100&e>0.9,àáH>0.998ãC½r=2&◤H>0.889ᓽJ஺ä1}vwåæçè105,⌕µH᩽Ûê8ᨵÛḄrsᦔ᳛ëHì᩽Û஺í£¤ÎHḄ⌕µJKîïËÏXYḄrsåæç஺îïËÏXYᘤḄlmç.8ðÛÊë-£¤cdñᙳef⌕µlmç⌕ᜧËóô•öᙠ1ஹ÷*}YᵯùúûY*rÚüýᜧᨵᑭ;£¤ÎHḄ⌕µKÿ᪵Ḅᡠ⌕Ḅᦔ᳛e1,⌕ᙠ⌱ᐹᨵ᳛Ḅ!ஹ#$%&Ḅ'()*+,)-./Ḅ012ஹ34Ḅ56789:;ᔠᩗ⊝?@ABCᓄEF஺108

1124.2IJᘤ4.2.1IJᘤḄLᳮNOIJᘤPQ.Eᙢᙬ᧜U⊤W᪀ᩭZ[\]ᙠ^Ḅ_`஺a\]ᑖᒘᡂefgᡈ⚓?ᵨ#kḄ᧜U⊤ᢣmn\]Ḅogᡈo⚓pᔲrsᐭ^஺ersᐭ?uᢣmᐸᙠ^Ḅwxᙢᙬyezsᐭ?{0|gᡈ|⚓?sᐭ^}ᙠ᧜U⊤~\]:*Z:Ḅᙢᙬ᧜Uᐵ஺᪵?\]᡻BuPQ᧜U⊤a\]IᙢᙬᣚᡂZ^ᙢᙬ^஺᪷᧜U!Ḅ?ᨵḄLᳮNOḄIJᘤ?ᐸ^⌕ᨵgOஹ⚓O*g⚓O3஺1.gOLᳮ\]ᨵᙽឋ?ᩖḄᜧ\]ᑖᡂᙠ#¡¢Ḅᙽ஺£ᙽp^\]ஹ¤\]ᡈQ\?¥pᦪᙽ஺ᙽḄᜧ§ᔜ#?ᨵḄ©ª«ᐜ!®_஺¯ᙽpᓫ¢Ḅg?ngḄw±²O#¡³ᙬ஺´ogᵫ0|ᐭ^u?¶⌕·¸¹ngºᙬᓽng¼ᙠ^Ḅwxᙢᙬ?ᵫ½ºᙬ*ᓫᐗᙠgᑁḄ#¡`ÀÁᡂᓫᐗᙠ^ḄZ▭ᙢᙬ஺a^ᢥgᑖÄḄLᳮNOŲgOLᳮ஺²ÆABgOLᳮ?¯⍝\]ᙠ·ᨵg᧜U⊤ᩭ¼n⍝\]ᔜgsᐭ^ḄÈÉÊË஺ÌÍÎ4-6,g⊤Ḅ¯⚗¡k⊤Ḅ¯BÐÑn⍝\]gḄºÒÈÉ?ᵫefÓgÔÕ஺gÖÓgᵨ¼gḄÖÅ?gÖ×pᨵØÙḄ?¥ÚᣚᡂᵨgÛᢣm஺ᵫgÛÜ0ÝxÞ]³Û?ßàg⊤ḄBÛ¡k?᝞2gâpg⊤Ḅã3B?᪵?g⊤EgÛÖÓg஺sᐭ`Ógᵨᩭᢣängp109

113ᔲrå|ᐭ^?"1"⊤ärsᐭ?"0"⊤äzsᐭ஺ᙠ\]Ḅ᡻BQ\?ᔜgḄsᐭ`ængpᔲçèéê᝱ᓄ஺´sᐭ`²"1"u?ᙢᙬÓgᵨ⊤ängsᐭ^Ḅwxì¡ᙢᙬy´sᐭ`²"0"u?ᑣᦔᨵḄFWᵨî⊤ängᙠ0Ḅwxᙢᙬ஺gïÓgᢣmngḄᜧ§?×ÓᦪᡈÓ⁚ᦪ²ᓫ`?ñòᡠᵨḄ³ᙬNO஺gïÓgᵨᩭᑨôᡠḄᙢᙬpᔲõög÷Ḅ÷▲ùúû஺NOÓgᵨᩭ᪗ýngᐕÿḄ᝞ஹᑏஹ᡻Ḅ஺◀᜜⊤᪷◤⌕"#ᐸ%Ḅ&஺⊤'()*+,+-./ᙠ12)2ᙠ32◤⌕456ᐭ12஺Ꮇ"9:ᙠ12ᨬ<=4ᨵN⍝@A"N,⊤BᙬD2ᘤ஺FGHI⍝@AᵫBKL@AKMᢣOPᵨR,⊤BᙬD2ᘤ஺⊤BᙬD2ᘤḄ⊤Bᙢᙬ&ᢣᔣU⍝@AḄ⊤ᙠ12ḄVWᙢᙬ஺⊤XY&ᢣOU⍝@Aᡠᵨ⊤Ḅᦪᓽ@AḄᦪ஺ᵫ9:]^_⍝@ALᵨᡝஹa@M+,BKbᙠ6ᐭ/6de@Fᨵᐵ⊤BᙬD2ᘤg⊤Ḅᑁiajkglᦋᡠᨵnopqᵨᵨᡝ@Aᕒᩭtᳮ஺_⍝vwḄ@Aᙠ᡻e@xyḄᢣzᡈ|}ᦪᙢᙬ⌕~BKᔠᡂ9:Ḅ@Aᙢᙬᓽe⊤ᣚᡂ12Ḅᱥᳮᙢᙬ஺4-6ឋᙢ⊤n+ᙢᙬᣚḄe@஺ᑖPᜧ@AᑖᙽᑴP<,@Aᕒb@@4ᙠ᡻ᡈe@FqᓄḄX)Hᜐᳮ஺ᔜ,Ḅlᦋஹ¡¢bq£¤ᐸ%ᔜḄᑴᔜᵨᡝḄ¥¦§ᡂḄ@A¨~12Ḅ©▭i«¬ᐵ஺ᑖH⍝@Aᐳᵨ¯ᙠ12ᑁḄ@Agᦪ᝞@Aஹᔜ°±@Aஹᔜ°ᦪg²ᐭ@A஺q³ᙠ12´µ2¶◤·¸¹ᢥ2¶bᙠ⍝@AḄ⊤ᨵ»ᵨḄ¼½¾=᪵ḄBᙬÀᓽ஺110

114BKL@AKMKᑁÂÃ<ᵨᡝÄᙢᙬ|♦A|4]I5K.⊤BᙬD2ᘤL12<ᨵÆ⍝Ç!AM0|]AAM⊤XY⊤Bᙢᙬ2K-?50|---------64K-1______ᙢ~²ᐭÂXA⍝@AḄ⊤4-6tᳮḄÉÂ᧜ËÌ᪀¾ᙢᙬḄᣚe@ᵫHᔜ*ᢥᐸÎÏᱯÑᔠḄi᧕Óᓫ©Õ2¶஺Ö᝞×᣸.ᦪqᑏÙ|}ᦪᡈᑏq}Óᢣz᡻Ù±@A᡻qlᦋ;ᨵḄe@᡻q)qᑏ஺+ÛÜÝÞÉßnFàÕ@A"á┯ãgäPᵨ*åᨵᵨḄ஺tᳮḄÄæ2¶ᘤᵫHᔜ,ḄXYçᐰéêH(ëᯠqíាï᝞4-6ᡠḄð᪵*1KḄ᦮ᦪòᙠ12ḄVÑ)í*óḄnßôÓ6ᐭõᦔᑖ÷12øùúᩭûü஺Óatᳮ◀9:◤⌕ÓI⍝@Aᑖý"#᧜Ë⊤᜜þᵫ|}9:Ó᦮,129:ÿᳮ⊤ᒹᓰᵨ⊤ᵨ⊤ᑖ஺ᓰᵨ⊤Ḅ⚗ᵨᩭᢣ!"#ᓰᵨ#⍝%&Ḅ'ᓰᵨ()*'ᙠḄ,-./0᜜2(345᝞*'7ᔲ79ᐭ;#ᦋᑏ>Ḅ?',(A*'ᵫCDEFG7ᔲ2⌕IᐸᑏKᑮMNᐜḄP4ᩭQRMSTUVᵨ⊤Ḅ⚗ᑣᢣX#ᓰᵨḄYᙢᙬᜧ]஺^'_M`ill

115ᐭETUbcdᙠᓰᵨ⊤ef⚗ghᦋᵨ⊤Vi^'_⌨kEdIᐸᙠᓰᵨ⊤Ḅ⚗lmᵨ⊤g9ᨵᐵp7ᔲqᐸrᵨsgḄᜐᳮhᦋᵨ⊤஺^u⍝%&ᐰ᡻xyᡈὅ7#|ᐜ}~Ḅ%&ᡠEI*⍝%&Ḅᐰ'Ḅ⚗_ᓰᵨ⊤lᐭᵨ⊤gᙢᜐᳮ஺2.⚓ᳮ'ᔜ'`ᐭḄ,-7Ḅ'⊤Ḅᙢᙬ?'.⊤kᙢᙬfᔜ'./7Ḅ'.?'.஺efMSḄ├⊤¡/¢ᳮ£¤஺'ᳮ2¥¦ᩭᜧḄ'§¨ᜮª«஺¬᝞"ᨵAஹBஹC®%&ᐸᜧ]P4᝞¯4-7ᡠ°ᨵ./±12KBḄD⍝%&²⌕³ᐭ஺'ᳮE´D⍝%&./]µᡠᨵᵨ¨ᜮ¶16KB,·¸ᨵ¨ᜮ`¹ºpᡠ(»¼`ᐭ஺µ7½k⚓஺⚓¾¿§À⚓¾%ÁÂï48ÄᵨÅ;஺⍝%&Æ`m⚓7Ç¿§%&¿§ÈÉÊᙢËᑖᡂÍGᜧ]Ḅ⚓⚓☢ᜧ]ÏÐÉiÑÒᙠ512BᑮÓKBÔ§ᢥ⚓Ö&×¾஺᪵ᓫᐗḄᙢᙬ~dᵫ⚓112

116¾\⚓ᑁPlஹ?'Þᡂ஺ßḄ%&ᨵàáḄÀ⚓¾Ö&஺0¬â⚓☢ᜧ]4KB,ᑣß×ᙬḄD%&dᨵ3⚓.⚓¾±0~2஺᝞ãäÀḄ⚓ᙳ`ᐭḄ⚓P4᝞¯4-7æ᪵D%&ᔜ⚓Æᑖç`ᐭḄè2ஹ6ஹ7®⚓P4é⌕bc34Ḅ⚓᧜ë⊤ìíÀ⚓`ᐭ⚓EḄ⚓☢ᐵbdᵫîGḄ%&Àᙢᙬ⚓⊤ïᣚᡂḄᙢᙬñ஺ᵫµ⚓%&Ḅ,-ᜐµ⚓☢Ḅ,-ᵨᡝ%&ÀᙢᙬdᵫÀ⚓¾?'NV⚓ᑁPl?'NóÞᡂ஺iÀḄ⚓☢ᜧ]ô᪵ᡠ(⚓⊤é◤ö÷kÀ⚓¾Nø⚓¾nvḄᐵbùᵨì⚓ᑁPl஺iÀ⚓¾q⚓⊤Ḅ¾7Ḅ᝞À⚓¾2µ⚓⊤Ḅè3ᡠ(ùᵨú3À⚓¾?'஺⚓☢ᜧ]ÍG⚓.?'ḕ஺ᡠᨵ!Èüᓄ᧜ë⊤ᑭµfÿ⊤஺ᯠ⊤⚓⊤ᐭ⊤⚓ᔲᐭ஺ᐭ"1"⚓Ḅᑁ#$ᨵᦔḄᔲᑣ(ᦔ஺)*+,-⚓⊤./012345஺.67ᵫ9ᙢᙬ⊤<ᣚᡂᙢᙬ?@4Aᳮ◤⌕EFḄGHᘤJKLMNᙢᙬGOᑁPḄQRS⚓4AᳮT◤L⚓⚓ᑁPUᙠWM.ᜧᜧGYᙢᙬ<ᣚḄZ[ᑭ*]^_ᡂᙢᙬḄ.☠ឋ஺4W᪵cdefᵨh⍝@j34kRḄ஺lmnᑁᨬh.ᙠ#pN⍝@jqr⍝@jsLᨵWt⚓⊤஺ᵫᵨᡝUᢣw⍝@jxᵨyt⚓⊤zᙬ{ᘤ|S.}ᑮ⍝@jḄ⚓⊤ᙠḄM஺᦮thᵨᡝ9+ᘤḄ9ᩭᐸ9ᙢᙬ0ᨵᵨᡝJ@ஹ@j᪗Uஹ9⚓/V:⚓ᑁPt஺᝞4AᳮW᪵ᙠ@jᐭK?@⚓⊤zᙬ{ᘤ⚓⊤Ḅᑁ#ᐰᵫ+ᩭᡂᦋqᵨᡝᐰwḄ஺4-8ᡠ⚓4AᳮḄ᧜e᪀¡ᐸ9ஹᙢᙬḄ<ᣚ?@஺113

117£JKq᦮tḄAᳮ4mn¤0¥¦Ḅ⚓☢Aᳮ⊤ᢣwrt⚓☢Ḅxᵨ¨¡ᐸ©ª«ᐵ*WLᙠ®W⁚°±஺3.⚓4Aᳮ|O°±.674⚓49+ᘤᙠ³h3☢´ḄµSᨵ´Ḅ¶·஺⚓4q0ᵨ@jᕒᐰwᡠ◤᧜⊤¹ºE»ᙢᙬ<ᣚḄZ[Y¼ᐭQR½ᓫ53☢s¶*4஺⚓4´¿ᐰÀ◀.ᵨÂḄÃᜮÅƵ@jḄᜧÇ´.¿ាÉ⚓☢ᜧÇḄ᦮ᦪË஺ÌÍḄ⚓ᑁÃᜮÎᯠ(HᑭᵨÏᐸÅÆÐ4Ḅ⌕ÇÑhᡠᙠᑭᵨ᳛O⚓4¶*4஺µÓᓫÔᵨ4AᳮḄ9+ᘤÕÖ»×ᑮ஺ᯠS/ÐSØ4ᐹᨵ⚓4ᡠÚᨵḄlÛ¶஺Ü᝞4rtÝÞᨵᑭ*@jᕒᮣàáḄâãḄ᡽ᜧஹåÇᦋS´æçᑮᐸ©ḄèrTᒹêWëìḄqí᝞?@ᡈᦪïஹᚮ᪘ஹ᪗ò5óᔠ᧕*┐qᐸᱯìá,-èøᐳ114

118úḄ@jᡈᦪûᓫÝ᪀ᡂWt|S᧕*áhtᵨᡝஹJ@qᐳᵨḄAᳮ55஺᝞üfᵨ⚓4ýᑮþÐEÿ஺⊡⚓ᔠḄ⚓ᳮ஺⚓!ᙢ#ᑖᡂ&'ᜧ)Ḅ⚓*+ᢥ-ᙽᑖ/01ᑖᡂ2⚓☢ᜧ)4Ḅ⚓஺/⍝*+6780⊤:Ḅ8;⚓⊤<='>஺⊤?Ḅ/8=@:80஺ᐸ?"Cᐭ>"⊤EFᔲHCᐭ஺IJCᐭᑣLMFNOPᜫᦔᦑTUVWX?Yᐭ⚓⊤ZIHCᐭᑣᙢᙬ\ᢣFḄ⚓⊤ᙠ?ḄP_ᙢᙬ஺"LM`”\ᢣ'@FḄbᑴdefg஺""\ᢣ'F⚓⊤Ḅ=ᦪ஺/80iᨵ80⚓⊤஺⚓⊤?/8=ᵨCᐭ>ᢣlḄF⚓ᔲHCᐭ஺IJCᐭᑣLMF⚓NOP⚓☢ᜫᦔᦑT◤WXY⚓Z᝞oHCᐭᑣᵨᙢᙬ\ᩭᢣlF⚓ᙠ?Ḅ⚓q஺᜜⚓⊤?stuᒹw8xᐸyfg஺⚓2zḄ⌕|}ḄP~Ḅ>?⚓☢ḄP~஺@⍝*+ᩭ/⍝*+ᵨᡝᡈ<*i◤⌕ᨵ80ᵨᡝ᪗qUᣚᡂqb3,uᢣlF⍝*+Ḅ⊤P~ᙠ0ᙬᘤ?஺᪵ᵨᡝᙢᙬᵫᵨᡝ᪗qqUஹqsஹ⚓qP2⚓ᑁ>d0\;ᡂ஺?ᨬt¡¢N⍝*+£4-9ᡠE¥ᵨ⚓ᳮḄ'>᧜§᪀©ᵫᵨᡝᙢᙬªᣚᡂᙢᙬḄ7*஺«ᜧஹ?¬i¥ᵨ⚓஺115

119ᙠ¯ᘤ?/LM8°i⌕<=8°*+ᙢᙬᔣᙢᙬḄᣚ஺⚓Ḅ⌕M⚪ᙢᙬªᣚ7*³«◤⌕´⊤µ°ᓽ´⊤⚓⊤஺⌕·¸¯ᘤḄ¹º»¼ᙠ᪀½¥¾¿uÀÁᙢᙬᣚ?´⊤Ḅ¹º஺4.2.2⚓¯ᘤḄ᪀ᡂ1.ᙢᙬḄ᧜§ªᣚ⚓¯ᘤ¥ᵨ⚓ᳮḄ8Xð஺ÄÅÆ*+ÅÆiᢥ4ᜧ)!ᙢ#ᑖᡂ⚓ÇÈ*+ḄP~Éᜐᙠ⚓ḄP~½*+ᕒᵨᢣÌᙢᙬṹN,ᩭÎᑏ/⍝*+N,ᵫᵨᡝ⚓qNK⚓ᑁᙢᙬN;ᡂ஺ᙢᙬᑣᑖᡂ⚓q஻ஹ,r2⚓ᑁ>஻,µÒᑖᐸ?஻É2N,8᪵஺ᜧᦪ¯ᘤ?/0ᵨᡝḄ*+ÅÆtÓ▭ÅÆᜧÕᓽ8ÖᨵNKn஺᪵¯ᘤÉḄᵨᡝᙢᙢ×11

120ᵫᵨᡝ᪗quᵨᡝḄ⚓qNZ©⚓ᑁᙢᙬMÛÒᑖ᪀ᡂÉḄÅÆ2"Ý0⚓஺tuNZᔠÇᡂᵨᡝ⚓qN”ᑣ2Þß2àÄáᔜÒᑖḄᙢᙬ@:ᐵ᝞£4-10ᡠE஺᝞oᨬtN⍝*+ᓽN0ᵨᡝᑣᐸyḄᙠX?c¯ᘤéê7*?ÉᙠḼ᝞ìᜧḄᵨᡝÅÆíîCᐭᑮ)ḄÅÆḄM⚪ᙠ*+ð=N1᝞ìᵨᡝᙢᙬN,ªᣚᡂᙢᙬὡ,஺ò⁚⌕ôõḄᙢᙬ᧜§ªᣚM⚪஺ᵨᡝᙢᙬ2⚓ᒹ2-Kᵨᡝ,2ᵨᡝ2ᱏ;4-10<ஹᙢᙬ>?ᐵABCDḄEFᙢᙬḄ᧜§/0ᓫᐗᢥøùᑣúûCᐭ'>üýPᵨᡝᙢᙬNs2ᙢᙬnpḄᐵ஺⚓ᵨᡝ⚓NḄ⚓ᐭḄ⚓☢!"#$Nv&nvḄᐵ஺ᙢᙬḄ*ᣚᢣ-.ᢥ᯿12᧜4ᐵᐭ56ᙠ᡻9᝞;ᵨᡝᙢᙬNs*ᣚᡂḄ5ᙢᙬnp஺⚓᝞;ᵨᡝ⚓Nv*ᣚᡂ5⚓nv஺ᙢᙬḄ*ᣚ&ᡠ?ᵨḄᙢᙬ᧜4@ᑣBᑗDᐵEFGᔠᙠI$ᩭKL஺ᵫNOᜧḄQRSᑮUḄQḄVIW⚓☢!XW⚓YZW⚓&?ᵨḄ᧜4[ᨵᐵ஺1XY]^_W`aḄ⚓bcᐭ117

121dIW⚓☢!Ḅ⚓☢eᵨfᡈ5⚓hijḄkl஺Im]^5⚓hinYop⚓☢!ᐜᐭᐸḄIW⚓sᐸ⌨u6[Xvᐭ᡻9ᦔ᳛yᯠ{|}஺EF᧜4[Ḅ⌱ὃ⇋YᔲZ5⚓hiᭆ᳛dὃ⇋ᔲZᡂᔲ5ᔲ[`ᙢᙬ*ᣚḄᔲ஺ᵫNQᜧN5Q⚓ᘤI?ᵨoV⍝-.Ḅ;⚓X`᧜4ᐭᑮ;5⚓!ḄᐰDὶ᧜4᝞4-11ᡠ£஺¤¥IW¦⌕¨d©ᐭḄ⚓ᦪ«u_W⚓¬{eᵨdIW5⚓!12k®Z¯Ḅ஺EFᐰDὶ᧜4Ḅ5⚓hiᭆ᳛ᨬ஺4-11ᐰDὶ᧜4᦮WᵨᡝQX2uWᵨᡝf-.j´ᨬdnᐸNWᵨᡝfN⍝-.jµ¶஺ᵫ·b᪗ºḄN⍝-.ḄVI⍝ᨵIWᨬᜧ»9Ḅ⚓⊤½ᐳnᨵ2“W5⚓!EFN⍝-.⚓⊤ḄᐰÀNx2”9ᐭ»"1"Ḅᨬnᨵ2“9஺ᵫNNx2”>>2”,ÆÇ⚓⊤ÈᜧÀᑖ9Ḅ5⚓ᔩஹÌÍᐸÎÌÍÏᵨ1{ᜧᜧ}⚓⊤ḄQᑭᵨ᳛஺I2ÑÒÓÔ⚓⊤ᐭ»"0"Ḅ9ᵨ5⚓NvÌͶp-.F⚓ᙠ118

122Ḅ5ᙢᙬ`©⚓5ᵨᡝ⚓ᑮ5ᙢᙬḄ*ᣚ஺Ö×¥5ᙢᙬḄᦪ&ᵨᡝ⚓ÌÍḄᦪØÙÚᜧ®Ûᑭᵨ஺ÜI2[ÔO⚓⊤RSᡂn¶ÝᐭḄÞ⚓fᵨ·bßNà᪗ºj&5⚓!fnjḄᐵ᝞4-12ᡠ£p⊤ᨬ»2“9஺ᡃâãä»Dὶåæ⊤Ôvçãåæ⊤Ô஺p⊤?ᵨᢥᑁéêëḄDὶᘤ᪀ᡂ஺ᢥᑁéêëḄDὶᘤÖdNᢥᙢᙬêëḄíîᘤ஺ᢥᙢᙬêëḄíîᘤᙠIWᕜðñnYᢥòuḄIWᙢᙬêëᐸᓫᐗ஺DὶᘤᙠIWᕜðYòõḄNvd&åæ⊤ᐰÀ2”WᓫᐗḄ⚓ÌÍᑁéöÚc9Dὶ÷ø஺᝞ùᨵDúḄᓽDὶ÷ᑮ⊤£F⚓Ýüᐭpᓫᐗ¶Ḅ5⚓nvF⚓ᡠ¶Ḅ5⚓!ᐸýuþÿNrᡂᙢᙬnp,ᓫᐗᐸᑁᡈᐸ!ᵨ஺᝞%&'(Ḅ*ᓽ'ὶ-./ᑮ1*⊤345⚓78ᐭ:*;<⚓☢ᜫᦔᦑA*BCDEFG⚓஺H*IJ⊤K/ᵨLM8ᐭN஺GHᵨᡝ<⚓H⚓ᑁ3MNO⊤PᙠRὶPTᘤ84J2⊤119

1232.⚓☢QᣚSKTᜐᳮW⌕ᵨᑮḄᢣZᡈᦪ\/ᙠ:F1*^_`⚓☢ᜫᦔ*a1◤cEFdeᢣZᡈᦪ\Ḅf⚓Gᐭ:஺gh5ijk:ijᜧmn*oᯠ^

124ᡠïfçᵨᐸð*ñ©ªᨬ¯7¤Ḅ⚓!Qᣚ⚓*d"n"ò"¬"ðᡂ"ᨵ"ò"&"*qnÀ஺Ô4-14Ê!ËÌq:ÍᳮLMḄ:⚓☢⊤*ᐸFÐfóᵨᩭôJ:Fᔜ⚓Ḅᵨöv஺:⚓☢⊤/÷Ḅ⚓⊤஺⚓⊤ᵨøᙢᙬ᧜ùᐵËòqᙢᙬðᣚ*ûᵨᡝÁÂijÞýḄ*Ð⍝ÁÂÛᨵf஺:⚓☢⊤:*᦮ᨵ஺⚓Ḅḕᵨ⚓☢⊤Ḅᦪ⊤!஺ᓰᵨ#⊤!⚓ᔲ%ᓰᵨ"0"⊤!&'ᓰᵨ"1"⊤!%'ᓰᵨ஺(')*Ḅ)ᡈ)⚓ᓰᵨᵫ*ஹ⚓ᢣ/஺01234ᨬ6&ᵨ789:⊤;<⚓=#"?ᵨ#"᪗A஺BCDᡠᨵ⚓Ḅ?ᵨ#ᐰ0"0"஺⌕H1⚓ḄIJᓫᐗ'MN7OᵫPQRST⚓?ᵨ#U0"1"஺ᵫᐰὶ᧜XYᐭ⚓[ᐭ⚓☢⊤;IJᓰᵨ#0Ḅ1⚓#U\]ᐭOT1⚓Ḅᓰᵨ#U0"1"஺ᨵ^ᓰᵨ#_"1",`ab⚓☢ᜫᦔDeᨵ⚓☢fᣚ◤fᣚ?ᵨ#0"0"Ḅ⚓ᓽ஺jᯠ?ᵨ#lmᐰ0"1",ᔲᑣo9pq)⚓'fᣚ஺rs9\?ᵨ#⌕[ᐭᐰ"1"DtᓽᵫPQuᑴᐰw?ᵨ#_0"0"஺xᭆz{|34ᨬ}?ᵨḄ"4"x{~?ᵨ#ᐰ0"0"ᑮ~?ᵨ#ᐰ0"0"ḄD4஺"4"ḄḄᦑ049஺rs9q4Uᐰw?ᵨ#0"0"஺:<1⚓="&?ᵨ7ᦪᘤ"Hsᡈᔊ#q4ᙢ<◞Dᡠᨵ?ᵨ#?ᵨ#0"0"ḄTᐸHs"1"?ᵨ#0"0"?ᵨ#0"1"ḄT4?ᵨ#ᙳ"0"஺᪵¡¢ᨬᜧḄ⚓⊤/ᨬ6&ᵨḄT¤0'fᣚḄ⚓஺¥?ᵨ#¦᧜§&4ᑁḄ⚓☢?ᵨª«Hsᑣ¦᧜§¬&4ᑁḄ⚓☢?ᵨ«஺r®9¯34ᨬ}?ᵨ9ᡠὑ±ḄᦪᘤPQ⌕}²¬஺ᵫ⚓☢ᜫᦔ³Y⚓D{*ᣚ⍝µ,⚓☢⊤Ḅ·ᦋ¹ஹPQºᔠᙢ12஺ᙠ⚓☢⊤;½¾¿·ᦋ#ÀÁ⚓[121

125ᐭ³ᔲ'·ᦋ7஺᝞&ᦋᑏ7fᣚDOlÅᑏÆÇᔲᑣ◤ᐜTᐸᑏÆÇÉᐜḄ#Uᯠ³emfᣚ஺⚓ᓰᵨN⚓ᵨNᐜNH,ᐸ;4-14VP⚓☢⊤34ᨬ}?ᵨ34ᨬ6&ᵨ7Êr89_LRU9ËFIFO9᪵_᪷Í⚓☢?ᵨḄ“ᔊ”ª«ᩭ⚜Ò&ᩭḄ⚓☢?ᵨ«஺᝞Óm᪷Í&ᩭ1▭?ᵨª«T&ᩭḄ34ÕlᵨḄ⚓fᣚÖq×ᨵᨬØḄÙ;᳛r890Ûᓄfᣚ89(Optimal,OPT)oÝᙠDÞtßÖ;<⚓T⌕ᵨᑮḄDÞᯠ³⌱áᐸ;ᨬᜧḄâ⚓¤0fᣚ⚓஺jᯠᨵ*ã7äem²ᑮᔜ⚓&ᩭḄ?ᵨª«æçᡠ12ᩭl21Ḅ஺Ûᓄfᣚ89rᳮé89'ᵨᩭ¤0êëᐸìfᣚ89íîḄ᪗ï|)rfᣚ89ḄÙ;᳛ᨬð3Ûᓄfᣚ89ḄÙ;᳛஺fᣚ89ñò7ᵨᐺôḄ⚓ᙢᙬö÷øᐸfᣚ7*᪷Íᡠ²ᑮḄÙ;᳛ḄØùᩭêëᐸíîḄ஺úûÙ;᳛Ḅµü◀fᣚ89᜜½ᨵᙢᙬöஹ⚓☢ᜧÿ஺ூ௃ᨵ⍝ᨵ1~5⚓᡻Ḅ⚓ᙢᙬ(ᓽᵨᑮḄ⚓⚓)!2,3,2,1,5,2,4,5,3,2,5,2"ᑖ$%&⍝Ḅᨵ3⚓'4-15ᡠ)!ᑖ*ᵨFIFOஹLRUஹOPT,3-.ᣚ012,3⚓Ḅ3ᵨ.ᣚ4஺ᐸ6ᵨ*᪗9:ᢥᡠᵨ01⌱=>?@.ᣚḄ⚓஺ᵫ'4-15BCFIFO01Ḅ⚓D6᳛ᨬGLRU01Ḅ⚓D6᳛HIJKLOPT01Ḅ⚓D6᳛஺122

126M1245678910II12⚓ᙢᙬ231524sl74)2ᐜPᐜ:-(FIFO)3D63^射KWᨬX3ᵨ(LRU)D65四进留进命中叫进然换命中中杵换瞥换命中命中I22*4*4*Sᓄ(OPT)38333D665555≎PRPD6RPUᣚD6.ᣚD6D6.ᣚ'4-153-.ᣚ012V⚓ᙢᙬḄ.ᣚ4YZ1D6᳛[ᡠ⌱ᵨ.ᣚ01ᨵᐵ஺LRU01⌕SLFIFO01஺D6᳛^[⚓ᙢᙬᨵᐵ஺ூ௃_`abᡠ◤⚓ᦪᜧLᑖ$%fḄ⚓ᦪgZhFIFO01ihLRU01ḄD6᳛jklGLOPT01ḄD6᳛•'4-16n⊤kp,-qr஺st⌕uv⚓ᦪwx⚓n3D6ᦪjwᜧᑮ4.YZ2D6᳛[ᑖ$%Ḅ⚓ᦪᨵᐵ஺zᩭ|ᑖ$%Ḅ⚓ᦪ}~⚓ᐭḄ}~D6᳛^nB}sᔲi.ᣚ01ᨵᐵ஺FIFO01n஺ᵫ'4-17BC⚓ᦪᵫ3⚓w4⚓D6᳛ᵫ3/12Gᑮ2/12஺LRU01ᑣ,-qrḼᑖ$%Ḅ⚓ᦪwxD6᳛zjX>஺⊝.ᣚ01ḄD6᳛Gᩭὃ⇋᝞2D6᳛Ḅ⚓ᦪ஻V¡j¢£¤=hHIᜧḄ஺Lh:p3ᵨᚮ᪘ᜐᳮᢈªᜐᳮḄᑖ᪆¢¬f〉ᵨL®ᵨᚮ᪘¬.ᣚ01Ḅ123

127¯°B±ᜧᜧ²X¢£Ḅ¤=஺M³1234s678ᓄ(OPT)¡03¢8416¡0᳛¤⚓ᙢᙬ¥ᨵᐵ“12348678910II1284-17FIFO¨Ḅ⚓ᦪª«.¡0᳛¬ᨵ®¯°±µ¶hᚮ᪘¬.ᣚ01ᕖ¸Ah¹º!LḄ»¼_⚓ᙢᙬt!½ᜐᳮ4t-1_⚓☢ḄM¿n!ᑖ$%&ᙢᙬḄ⚓ᦪBt(n)⊤)ᙠtM¿ஹᙠn⚓Ḅ6Ḅ⚓☢ÁᔠL⊟)ᑮtM¿½⍗ᑮ4Ḅᙢᙬ6ÅÆ⚓Ḅ⚓ᦪ஺᝞.ᣚ01ÇÈn&jB^n)+1)n/jÉ)ᨵ,+1)124

128ᑣhᚮ᪘¬Ḅ.ᣚ01஺LRU01ᙠ6ËᶇḄhn_ᨬK3ᵨḄ⚓fÍÎÏh@ᒹÑᙠn+1_ᨬK3ᵨḄ⚓6ᡠ±LRU01hᚮ᪘¬01஺lᯠOPT01^hᚮ᪘¬01FIFO01ᑣh஺!'4-176B±Ó:FIFO01ᐹᨵ»³ÕjÇÈÖ×ᒹÑឋÙḄᱯÛ஺ᵨᚮ᪘¢£ᙠtM¿ḄÜrᵨᚮ᪘S,⊤)S,h4_V⚓☢ᙠᚮ᪘6ḄᨵÁS,(1)htM¿ḄS,Ḅ᪘⚔⚗S,(2)htM¿ḄS,Ḅ᪘⚔⚗ßà஺ᵫLᚮ᪘¬01ḄᒹÑឋáᨵn0஻ḄI)=ã82,…()[஻}஻è஻ᓽ)*é)(2,…(33t,᪵!n⚓Ḅ6⚓ᙢᙬAᙠtM¿Ḅ4⚓hᔲD6t◤ÓḄën⚗6hᔲᨵA,,"ᨵᑣD6஺ᡠ±ì4¢£ᜐᳮíîS,(1),S,(2),S,(Z,)èïnVC⍝Vn¡ḄD6᳛!&⍝ðᡠᑖ$Ḅ⚓ᦪñpò஺VḄᚮ᪘¬.ᣚ01S,ᔜ⚗Ḅᦋõ4V஺2LLRU01hö6÷øù4Ḅ⚓úL᪘⚔öᨬûü@øù4Ḅ⚓úL᪘ý஺þÿḄ⚓A,,4cs᩟ᑣᐭ᪘⚔ᡂs,(I),ᔜ⚗4wSᑣᵫ"#$%᪘⚔ᡂs,(1),ᙠ4Ḅᔜ⚗'()4*Ḅᔜ⚗஺,-.ᵫ/ᚮ᪘12ᣚ45ᨵ7ᑖ9:;⍝=>Ḅ?⚓ᦪnABC"᳛HEᓫG*ᓣIᱯKLMNLRU45BOᦋQR$STឋVWXḄ(᝱45஺ᓽ᪷\ᔜ⍝=>]^"Ḅ_`⚓☢ᜫᦔ᳛ᵫdeST(᝱G⁚ᑖ9:ᔜ⍝=>Ḅ?⚓ᦪ஺g_`⚓☢125

129ᜫᦔ᳛hijkl.no(ABᑖ9:;⍝=>Ḅ_`⚓ᦪORpᐸC"᳛)g_`⚓☢ᜫᦔ᳛r/jklno(stᑖ9:;⍝=>Ḅ_`⚓ᦪOuvw$Ixᑖ_`⚓☢yᐸz=>ᵨ|)᦮ST~Ḅ_`C"᳛_`ᑭᵨ᳛ᑮRp஺ᡃL45⚓☢ᜫᦔ⚣᳛+PFF345஺ᯠ/_`⚓ᦪABEC"᳛ᓫG*ᓣt'I*Ḅ஺4.2.3⚓`ᘤ?"Ḅ⚪1.⚓☢ᜫᦔḄᜐᳮN⚓☢ᜫᦔ᝞ᜐᳮ⚓`ᘤḄᐵ஺¡☢¢£i⚓☢Ḅᑜᑖ¥N=>_`¦Q^§¨©ᑖ஺N/ᢥ«⁚¬ᙬḄ`ᘤ®ᐰMV$ᢣ±ᡈdeᦪ³´ᙠµ⚓*`Ḅ¶·஺ᱯ¸«¹ºᦪ\ஹdeᦪ¼½¾¿ᙬIÀ´⚓ÁW½஺᝞Ãg¡⚓ᙠ_`")´⚓`wḄÄ⚓'ᙠ_`"nEᙠ#ᢣ±ஹ#deᦪᡈ¾¿ᙬ©`i="ÅÆ⚓☢ᜫᦔ஺ÇnÈ⚓☢ᜫᦔEᙠᩩᢣ±Ḅᑖ᪆ᡈ᡻^Ḅi="ÅÆ஺"ÌÍᙠÎᩩᢣ±᡻^ḄÏÐÑ᣸"ÌÓdeÔÕST"ᨵÖ×ØÙḄ"ÌÚÛOuNᐸÜÝᜐᳮ஺⚓☢ᜫᦔ᝞ÃÇᵨIÀÞ5nE⌼ᡂà§K'G⚓ᢣ±nÖ5᡻^ᑮ"ÌÓde|)n'MVN⚓☢ᜫᦔ:áÜÝᜐᳮ஺⚓☢ᜫᦔ'VᢥÍḄ"ÌNâÝãäÀᦑæçèᓽÜÝᜐᳮ஺⚓☢ᜫᦔéêÝëì᝞í`ᦑæîOïᦑæᜐᳮ®é᝞ឮñᦑæîOuVòó᡻^Iᩩᢣ±஺ô¡¼ᦪ4§õᵨéö÷`ᘤ5øÆ⚓☢ᜫᦔlᢣ±Ḅᐰxîí`ᩭ஺âG⚓éú#$éö÷`ᘤ"ḄᑁüឮñᦑæîOuòó᡻^®;ᢣ±஺ÇᨵḄ4§ýlõᵨþ⚜ᑨᢈ஺᝞ᙠ᡻ᢣ⚜ᑨᦪ✌ᡠᙠ⚓12

130ᔲᙠ஺᝞᡻ᔲᑣ⚓☢ᜫᦔ$%&ᑮ(⚓)ᡂ+,-᡻.ᢣ஺/ᣚ12Ḅ⌱5678⌕Ḅ஺:;<=ᢣᡈ?@ᦪA⚓BḄCD⚓EFGH/ᣚIJḄ"LM"NO஺P.QR⍝TUᑖWḄ⚓ᦪ;ᨵYZ[▲஺Ꮇ^ᢣ_`Z?@ᦪA⚓aCbᩩᢣḄ᡻de◤ᑖW6Z⚓☢஺g᜜⚓☢6:ijᜧlmn⍝TUḄ⍝ᦪஹp⍝TUᡠᑖWᑮḄ⚓ᦪiᙠRZ〉rḄtᑁ஺⚓☢jᜧvmḄ⚓ᦪjeGwINᜧxḄ⚓☢ᜫᦔy8z{|}aᘤḄᦔ᳛_&ᦔ஺;⚓☢ᜫᦔḄᜐᳮb1?@_᪀^ᐳᩭḄ⚪஺2.|}aᘤ&ᦔḄ⌕m|}aᘤḄ&ᦔᑮḄ:᧕஺Ga¢£Ḅ&ᦔ¤¥¦l§I¨⌕ᨵ7Ḅ©᳛ª⌕ᨵ«¦i¬Ḅ®஺Ḅ©᳛¯7nP°±²ᒹ´⚓ᙢᙬFஹ⚓☢(·ᶍஹ/ᣚ12ஹ⚓☢ᜧ¹ஹᑖWQTUḄ⚓ᦪºx»&ᨵD☢¼½¾j¿+☢tÀ±²|}aᘤឋiÂ⌕YDP°ÃÄRÅᑖ᪆஺bÇᐜÉʬ®ËÌ᪀^¦ÍÎḄ஺ᵫ|}aᘤÐ@ḄᐰjT¦l§Ip£⌕ÄᑁÒᙢᙬÓᣚᐸᭆ᳛100%஺GʬḄ®ᩭ§ÖᨵᑁÒᙢᙬÓᣚ×ᑮm᦮ZÙÚ:ᵨ|}aᘤ|}aᘤiÜÝᵨ஺⚓¥|}aᘤḄᑁÒᙢᙬÓᣚ☠⚓⊤Ä⚓⊤x7ᜧÖiBᙠpR£É⌕àR£á⊤஺᝞Íᵨâ⚓¥á⊤Â◤à`£஺b᪵äஹÎRZ◤å2£ᡈ3£i)ᡂᐸ&ᦔÖi:ᵨ|}aᘤḄ1/2ᡈ1/3஺3.|}aᘤÐ@ḄᐰjT127

131æ§ç4-19,ᙠ⚓¥|}aᘤprᵨᡝᵨ|ᙢᙬîïáᑁ⚓⊤ðnᵨᡝ|ᙢᙬÓᣚᡂḄÝᙢᙬஹ஺ᙠáᑁ⚓⊤᝞;ñ|⚓Ḅòᐭôä"1",ÉÎIᐸ⚓õö÷ø⚓ᑁôùN,,ûᡂÝᙢᙬ஻,+஺᝞;ñ|⚓Ḅòᐭôä"0",⊤þñ|⚓ÿᙠ⚓☢ᜫᦔᣚ⍝ᜐᳮ⚓஺◤᜜⚓⊤ᡂ᜜!ᙢᙬ$ᣚ஺ᙠ᜜⚓⊤%&'⚓Ḅ)ᐭ+,"0",⊤0&'⚓12)ᐭ3⚓ᦑ567ᵫ9:;ᘤᐭ=%᜜⚓⊤&'⚓Ḅ)ᐭ+,"1"?@ᵨᡝ'ᙢᙬ$ᣚᡂḄCᙽENGHII/OᜐᳮMᑮO⚓PQI/OᜐᳮM〈ᐭ஺ᙠ@⍝STMCPUḄXYZI/OᜐᳮMḄ⚓[\Y]YḄ஺xᵨᡝ29⚓ᵨᡝ56+⚓³27|´62ு|3^4-19⚓b'c;ᘤdeḄᐰg128

132ijk⚓☢ᜫᦔl◤⌕noᐭ⚓p]ᐭqi⚓+r◤⌕setu⚓☢⊤஺%ᓰᵨ+,"0",⊤02)wx,[ᐰyὶ᧜|}◤~ᑮᓰᵨ+,"0"Ḅi⚓☢+rᓽ%ᓰᵨ+ᐰ,"1",⊤0)w◤⌕gᣚT~ᣚ⚓ஹ஺qᙳ?noḄ⚓E〈ᐭI/஺ᜐᳮMᵫI/OᜐᳮMᡂ⚓Ḅᐭ஺ᙠ⚓☢ᣚ᝞ᣚḄ⚓ᐭQi2ᦋᑏᑣ◤〈=᝞ᦋᐜ?〈ᜐ¡¢ᐭ⚓)ᐭ)ᐭḄ⚓[ᔲᦋᑏgᵨ⚓☢⊤Ḅᦋ+ᩭᢣ¦஺§¨ᐭi⚓ᡈª«gi⚓p¬ᡈᦋᨵᐵ⚓⊤°⚓☢⊤Ḅᑁ²஺4.2.3⚓b'c;ᘤC³Ḅ«⚪L⚓☢ᜫᦔḄᜐᳮµ⚓☢ᜫᦔ᝞ᜐᳮ[¶S⚓b'c;ᘤḄᐵ·¸i஺⚓☢Ḅᑜᑖ}[µ°»¼]YM½¾ᑖ஺µ¿ᢥÁ⁚ÃᙬḄ;ᘤᐰÄG³ᢣÅᡈseᦪÇÈᙠÉ⚓Ê;Ḅ஺ᱯÌ[ÁÍÎᦪÏஹseᦪ@мÑᙬÈ⚓³ÒÓ,ÔÐ஺᝞ÕÖ⚓ᙠPÈ⚓×ḄØi⚓ᙠÙᙠÚᢣÅஹÚseᦪᡈ¼Ñᙬ¾ªg⚓☢ᜫᦔ஺Û[Ü⚓☢ᜫᦔÙᙠiᩩᢣÅḄᑖ᪆ᡈ᡻YḄg஺àiá[ᙠ§ᩩᢣÅ᡻YḄâãä᣸ªàæseçètuᨵé2êëḄàìíîïµᐸñp°ᜐᳮ஺⚓☢ᜫᦔ᝞ÛᵨòÙ⌼ᡂôMx,⚓ᢣÅé᡻YᑮªàæsePĵ⚓☢ᜫᦔõöñp°ᜐᳮ஺⚓☢ᜫᦔÄᢥiáḄàµ÷pøù[iᦑ5úûüᓽñp°ᜐᳮ஺⚓☢ᜫᦔQlpýþ᝞ÿᦑᦑᜐᳮ᝞ឮᦑ᡻ᩩᢣ஺ᦪ!"#$%ᵨ'(ᘤ*+,-⚓☢ᜫᦔ2ᢣḄᐰ5$67ᩭ஺9:⚓;<='(ᘤ>Ḅᑁ@ឮᦑ᡻Aᢣ஺Bᨵ129

133Ḅ!"#D2%ᵨEF⚜ᑨᢈJ஺K᝞ᙠ᡻MNOᢣ⚜ᑨMNᦪ✌QMNᡠᙠ⚓Sᔲ$ᙠU>஺᝞VSW᡻Xᔲᑣ,⚓☢ᜫᦔZ[\ᑮ:⚓ᡂW_`᡻aᢣ஺bᣚ"*Ḅ⌱eBSfg⌕Ḅ஺ij,-kᢣᡈmnᦪo⚓pḄqF⚓rstU>ubᣚ=vḄ"xy"z஺{a|E⍝~ᑖḄU⚓ᦪjᨵ7▲஺Ꮇᢣmnᦪ$o⚓qᩩᢣḄ᡻◤ᑖ6U⚓☢஺᜜⚓☢Biᜧ⍝~Ḅ⍝ᦪஹ⍝~ᡠᑖᑮḄU⚓ᦪ$ᙠE〉Ḅᑁ஺⚓☢ᜧU>Ḅ⚓ᦪt=ᜧḄ⚓☢ᜫᦔgᘤḄ¡ᦔ᳛\ᦔ£¤஺2.¦§ᘤ\ᦔ¡£¤Ḅ¨©⌕ªᘤḄ\ᦔ¡£¤¦§ᑮ«¬UḄ¡£¤®i@᧕஺t°±Ḅ\ᦔ¡£¤²³´µ=¶⌕ᨵf§ḄU·>᳛¸⌕ᨵ¹´ºḄU2»஺§ḄU·>᳛¼f{½¾¿ᒹÁ⚓ᙢᙬsஹ⚓☢:¤Äᶍஹbᣚ"*ஹ⚓☢ᜧÆஹᑖ|~Ḅ⚓ᦪÇU@È\ᨵF☢ÉÊËÌ☢;¿ᘤឋÏ⌕ÐF{½ÑÒEÓᑖ᪆஺Õᐜ×غU2»ÙÚÛ᪀!>´%<Ḅ¨©஺ᵫᘤÞnḄᐰ~´µ=±U2$⌕Òᑁ5ᙢᙬßᣚᐸᭆ᳛S100%஺tغUḄ2»ᩭµâᨵᑁ5ᙢᙬßᣚãᑮ᦮£¤å櫬iᵨᘤ2ᘤWçèéᵨ஺⚓³ᘤḄᑁ5ᙢᙬßᣚ☠⚓⊤Ò⚓⊤@fᜧâpᙠU>UE±×⌕ìE±Uí⊤஺᝞V%ᵨî⚓³í⊤Ï◤ìU±஺᪵ðஹ

134ma7ᜐᳮ#Ḅø»@ð217M⚓☢ᜧÆð29Mᵨ28MஹMð9ùḄ(ᘤ÷ᩭp⚓⊤Eú~¤ûغÌᑁ5ᙢᙬßᣚḄ2»஺ᙠᜧᦪüýþᜧḄ!"#ûS☠ÿ"⊤"ᩭḄ஺ᵫᙠឋ⚓⊤ᑁᔜḄᵨ!"Ḅ஺ᙠ#$%&'(▭*+,ᵨᑮ⊤./0Ḅ1.3᪵ᵨ56᪀ᡂ9ᐰ⊤;<=>᝞@8~16ḄᑖBC⊤DEFGᙠᵨḄH(ᙢᙬ᧜LᐵNOPᐸRὶTUḄ5VWX/஺ᡃZ[3\ᑖBC⊤]⊤஺W^ᐜDᐰHஹ(ᙢᙬ᧜LᐵNḄ⊤[]᠒⊤஺⊤,᠒⊤./;Ḅ#ᑖbc஺3᪵dHᙢᙬᑮe(ᙢᙬḄfᣚ*hᵨi4-20ᡠkḄlmᩭ(n஺T⊤%ᵫH⚓o“+Nᓽq%rT⊤s᠒⊤஺E⊤.ᨵH⚓o%u+/UᑮvḄ(⚓o4,Wᐸ〈ᐭeᙢᙬyᘤ{|}ᓽ᠒⊤ḄTU.~3%{eḄ5V1஺᝞ᙠ⊤.Tᑮ%ᑣ#\{e%&d᠒⊤.TᑮḄ(⚓o'uX〈ᐭeᙢᙬyᘤ|{q%WH⚓o(⚓oḄvᐵN〈ᐭ⊤஺3'◤⌕ᵨᣚmrᣚ⊤.ᵨḄᑁ஺᠒⊤@e.@ᢥᑁ{TvḄᐭ]“0”8⚓☢ᜫᦔ;4.20jk⊤l᠒⊤nᑁoᙢᙬpᣚ131

135᝞⊤Ḅ.᳛Nᦔ᳛uX℉஺⊤᝞ᵨᚮ᪘£ᣚmᑣ⊤¤¥ᜧᐸ.᳛uX¥஺§¤¥ᜧXRὶTUḄ5V¥¨ᡠh⊤Ḅ.᳛sT⊤5Vᨵ©ª஺⊤«8s16¬⚓¤]14K®ᑣ⊤¤*¯᧜e.8~64K\ᓫᐗᐸ.᳛v²³Ḅ஺⊤s᠒⊤(▭᪀ᡂ´#\µ¶·¸ᐸᡠᵨḄᣚm#¹LRUm஺]´º⊤Ḅ.᳛sT⊤5V*hᵨ5ᢥᙢᙬ{Ḅ»ᘤᩭ᪀ᡂ¼ᜧ¤Ḅ⊤|ᵨᦣᑡ@Hashing¿m(nᢥᑁTU஺ᦣᑡ¿mḄÀcÁÂÃᑁD²ᑁḄᙢᙬAÄ&ᨵÅÆᦣᑡÇᦪᐵNᓽÃ⊤ḄᙢᙬA=H@N஺ÉÊi4-21,E◤⌕WHஹ(ᙢᙬN“஽᧜LᐵNᐭ⊤»ᘤ.%,◤WNஹ,vḄ஻ஹÏᑁᐭ⊤»ᘤḄA=H@Nஹ,(ᓫᐗ.஺TU%ᢥnÐḄN,q᪵ḄᦣᑡÇᦪfᣚᡂAÑÒᢥᙢᙬA{⊤»ᘤu*+UᑮD²ᡠvḄÓᐸÔᑁ஺ᦣᑡÇᦪfᣚÕÖ×ᵨ6ᓄ(nÙ+ÚÛÕ⌕Ḅ5V஺ᙠ⊤.V”®$]´=\qḄÜ,*+ᦣᑡᑮq#\AḄᦣᑡÝÞ஺ᙠ⊤ḄAᓫᐗ.◀´ᐭE%Ḅn,ᐭE%Ḅà3᪵ᙠᙢᙬfᣚ%ᵨnN,ᦣᑡÇᦪá᝞*h64~1283óº´⊤Ḅ.᳛ôõöᐹᨵ/ḄT⊤5V஺ø3ÆᑨRÏ{eq%|Ḅú*hæ#ûüýᙢᙬfᣚᡠ◤Ḅ%&஺132

13684-21¶⊤0·«N,¸¹º»ᦣᑡ½¾¿ÀḄÁ┯ᙠ⊤Ḅ¬\ᙢᙬAᓫᐗ.D=H⚓o(⚓oḄ᧜LᐵNú*hæ#û¨ᦣᑡÝÞþÿḄ᳛஺᜜ᦣᑡᣚḄᐭஹᦪᦣᑡḄᭆ᳛஺ὃ⇋#$ᣚḄ%ᙢᙬᦪ()ᓫ+ᣵu-./0Ḅ◤2345஺3.789:᳛;CPUᦔ᳛Ḅ=>?᳛/@A:BCDឋFḄG⌕ᢣ᪗஺KLᙢᙬMஹNᣚOPQᑖSTKLḄU⚓ᦪWXY78᳛஺Z[1⚓☢ᜧSQᑖST=⍝KLḄ9:_`aa᳛HḄᐵD᝞d4-22ᡠf஺gᑖST=⍝KLḄ9:_`$ijklḼ⚓☢ᜧSnopqrᜧ᳛Hᐜ⌲urᜧᑮw=xᨬᜧz{|}஺WkᑖST~⍝KLḄ_`Erᜧ᳛wᑮᨬ᳛kḄ⚓☢ᜧᜧi>஺᝞ᑖ᪆஺ᎷKL᡻0K:Ḅᙢᙬ4.S/JஹlḼS/Jrᜧ:ḄᙢᙬᜐWid4-22⚓☢ᜧ_`⚓ᑁḄ133

137ᭆ᳛Yr¡஺¢£[ᩭ¥HlS,Ḅrᜧ¦ᓣ¨¦d,⎃ᜧxᙢᙬªjYᙠWi⚓஺᝞¬~ᙢᙬᡠᙠ⚓ᙠ9:ᑣY஺¢£[ᩭ¥HYlᑖST~⍝KLḄU⚓ᦪr¡¦ᓣ஺£2ᵨᚮ᪘±NᣚOP/²ᯠḄ஺ᑖST~⍝KLḄ9:_`´jµ¶rᜧ⚓☢²·¸⚓ᦪ}¹஺£᪵»ᯠW⚓ᑁḄ¼᳛Yᓣ(xᙢᙬᑖ½W⚓Ḅ¾¿Y·᳛À஺KLÁ0k/¾¿ḄÃᔠ஺gÅkrᜧ5ḄKÆiÂ?Ç9⌕Èᵨ஺Ãᔠᩭ¥HlSpḄrᜧ¦ᓣ஺gwᑮ=xᨬᜧz{⚓ᦪḄÉ℉}¹·{iÂ?Ç9⌕Èᵨ£ËÌr+஺ͦ·HÀ¦ÎᏔᯠឋ¼=>⚓Ḅ⚓☢ᜫᦔ᳛Yᓣ஺gᯠ᝞¬ᑖST~⍝KLḄ_`RrᜧÑÒ{iÂ?·HÀḄ¾¿ÓÔ஺Z[2ᑖST=⍝KLḄ_`§ḄrᜧÖ/ᙠpqkHᨵØÉÈᵨ஺d4-23ḄUÙÍ᧜Ûᵨᚮ᪘±NᣚOPkHa&ḄᐵD஺ᵫdÞipqlḼJḄrᜧHØÉᓣ(ᑮijKß{àḄuáâÒ¦ÎᨬYwᑮ1஺gᑖrᜧk9:ãḄᑭᵨ᳛YKLḄåæçᑖᡠᓰérᜧ¦À஺᝞¬2ᵨFIFOOPNᣚᵫê/ᚮ᪘±OPlḄrᜧH¸Ḅáë/ᓣḄ(¢=xìçᩭ¥FYᨵÀ᝞d4-23Ḅ%Ùᡠf஺£ÂW᪵YCᙠSpஹ$aHḄᐵD஺134

138ᵫᑖ᪆íîZ⌕ïS|ᜧ஺S.;S1Ḅ⌱ñòᢚᩗ⊝Ö⌕HᑮYöØÉrᜧkÛ஺÷ÆøᦪùOú⚓☢ᜧ314KBü஺ýþ⚓☢3ᜧY·⚓ᑁÿᜮᜧᑭᵨ᳛ᵫ⚓⊤ᦪḄᑭᵨ᳛Ḅ஺•⚓☢#ᜧᨵᑭ%&'Ḅ(⚓ᦔ᳛*+,-.⚓☢/ᣚᡠ2Ḅ'34├,78ᢣ:ஹ*+ᦪ<=>?Ḅ@⚓Aᭆ᳛஺CD᳛EFᡠᵨḄ⚓☢(GHᶍᨵᐵ஺ᜧKᦪLMAᘤOPᵨQRS(⚓TU⚓☢ᜫᦔWXᡠ◤⚓(ᐭ஺┐\]^ᙠ`aឋ8ᦋᵨ⚜#e+f(GHᶍ஺ᡠge+fhᢣᙠtijḄklmᑁopqrḄ⚓☢sᔠ஺]^Ḅ`aឋue+fv᠒xᓄ஺8zᙠ{|}⍝]^ijᐜ]^ᡠᵨḄL⚓sᔠ(ᐭ஺⚜#e+fḄ8z◀ᙠ]^{|ᜧḄ⚓☢ᜫᦔuCD᳛ᨵᡠ%&஺ᑮ(GHᶍkQRSḄ⚓☢(GHᶍ஺.8XKᵨḄL⚓E(ᐭᡠzhᔲPᵨ᪷ᐹ¡¢£஺z⌕h¥¦}⍝]^§¨Ḅ஺᝞ª«K⍝]^᝞¬%&CPUḄᦔ᳛ᩭ7⌕ὃ⇋k°ᐸ²³஺´᝞\ᑖ,-ᑖ¶·¸⍝]^ḄCPUᱏᜧº»¼\LMAᘤḄuᵨ஺᝞ªᑖ¶·ḄCPUᱏ½º¾¿º⚓☢ᜫᦔḄᦪᯠᡠ·Ḅᜧaᑖ¾Áὑᙠ(⚓஺Ã\Ḅ⌕Rᓾ8.ᙠÅḄCPUᑁᩭÆÇuᵨḄȽ஺ᳮ⚓☢E⌱ÆrᜧᯠËk⚓EÌᵨ;Æᣚ⍝Ḅ¡¢஺᝞K⍝]^Ḅ⍝ᦪ#KE»¼ᑮCPUḄᦔ᳛஺⍝ᦪÎᵫ(⚓CPU8Ìᨵ8zḄ]^ÏÆÐᩭÑÒuᦔ᳛ÓÔiU⍝ᦪÎK¸⍝]^ᓰᨵḄ⚓ᦪÎÖ×⚣ÙḄ⚓☢ᜫᦔ஺.Ã%KK⍝]^,-ÚᓄCPUᦔ᳛Ḅ(⚓ÛÜ஺☢ᑡÞ3ᑭஹkß.⍳áᡠg50%âᑣᓽ᝞ª(⚓*+u'135

139æᨵkçḄᙠèḼCPUḄᑭᵨ᳛ê.ᨬᜧÓìkß.U(⚓íîÑ⚓☢ᜫᦔḄïᙳCPUḄᑭᵨ᳛ᨬ&Óñòß.¸⍝]^Ḅ⚓☢ᑖ¶⌱óᡂu⚓☢ᜫᦔḄïᙳõᑮᨬᜧö஺ᢥ᯿°ù8z%(᦮⍝ᦪûü+ýᦪþḄÿᔢᨬᜧḄᳮᶍ஺4.3ᘤ4.3.1ᳮ᪀!Cacheᘤ"#$⊡&'Ḅ()*ᙠᜐᳮ-&./0123ஹ56ḄCache,᪀ᡂCache—&89*.:CPU;'ᩭ=*'>?@Cache,6ᓾ"&Ḅ஺CacheᘤḄ᪀᝞C4-24ᡠE஺ᩭFᜐᳮ-_________&ᙢᙬ______________________________&ᙢᙬᙽM1ᙽᑁᙢᙬ(JK&2Cache已还JKᙢᙬ᧜PQᣚ-᪀&装可不装进入CacheCacheᙽMIᙽᑁᙢᙬᙢᙬSᣚT&ᶍUᐭCacheWXYCacheT&SᣚCacheᓫXYᘤCacheᘤZᓫXY[ᜐᳮ-]>^_C4-24CacheᘤḄ᪀13

140`Cache&-aᙢbᑖᡂdeᜧ5Ḅᙽ!ᡈgZ஺h2ᙽᵫjkX!ᡈX⁚Zmᡂ஺:89ᳮno*CacheᘤKḄᙽpqᘤKḄ⚓ᐹᨵdeḄᙢu*vᙽḄᜧ5⌕x⚓Ḅᜧ55yW*2z{"⚓Ḅ|ᓝᑖ.2ᡈ|~ᑖ.2஺h23&XᙢᙬgT*^&-Cacheᙢᙬ᧜PQᣚ-᪀ᑨTXᡠᙠḄᙽ"ᔲᙠCacheK஺᝞ᙠCacheK!CacheJKZ*&ᙢᙬᙢᙬ᧜PQᣚ-᪀QᣚᡂCacheᙢᙬ[TCache,Cacheᜐᳮ-./gᓫX〈᝞(ᙠCacheKCache(JKZ*Cacheᙽᜫᦔ*◤⌕:TḄ^_KᒹXḄ2ᙽ^WXY^_ᐭCache,e`¡TX]>:ᓫX^_〈¢ᜐᳮ-஺᝞Cache£U(¤*¥ᙽ¦*⌕`ᙽSᣚᡂ¡⌱nḄ¨Sᣚᙽ*©ªᦋᙢᙬ᧜P⊤KᨵᐵḄᙢᙬ᧜PᐵCacheᔜᙽḄᵨ°᝱᪗³b஺´µ*TCacheḄ/2z"T&/Ḅ1/10~1/4,{⌕CacheḄJK᳛)·*¸>?@CacheḄ'ᩭTᜧ6Ḅ&஺ᵫC4-24¹º*:〈ᐭ&ᙢᙬᑮCacheḄ¼ᡈᑏᐭ¾ᡂ¿▭ᒹÁÂ⊤ᙢᙬQᣚTCacheÃÄᑖ*ÃÄᑖᡠÅÆḄ/d?*Ç᝞"30ns,ÈÉ*¹ʵ2ᙢᙬḄTCacheË2ᙢᙬḄÂ⊤Qᣚᙠ/nÌÍ*ÎÏᙢg!ÐÑ5ÒZ஺Óᯠ:〈ᐭ&ᙢᙬᑮTCache¾ᡂ◤⌕60ns,"ᜐᳮ-ÕY30nsḄ2Ö*vÎÏË*CPU×¹h◞30ns¾ᡂ29ÙCacheḄT஺¿▭n*T29Cacheᘤ¢¢⌕ÚWḄÛÜ஺W3ÝÞßeTCacheᘤ*✌ᐜ⌕âᐜã᣸å*ᯠËT´æ⊤gᙢᙬQᣚ*>ḼTCache,:CacheK⌱èᡠ◤ḄXX⁚*ªᦋCacheKᙽ!gZḄᵨ°᝱᪗³b*éÛÜÎÏᙢᜐᳮCacheᘤ¸ᙠ23ᕜë#Wᩩᢣîᦪðñò*2óô¤CacheᘤḄᔢ᳛஺PAmdahl470V/7IBM3033ḄCacheᘤõᵨ¤ÎÏᢈ÷஺øù*IBM3033úõᵨûóÎÏ஺ü9TCacheᜫᦔ*137

141¹ýᐸÝÞ*©Ê.ËḄᐸÿCacheᔜCacheḄᡂᐭḄ஺ᙢ!ᢵCacheḄ#$ឋ&'CPU(Cache)*Ḅ+,-./0Cacheᙠᱥᳮ45678☠:ᜐᳮ<ᡈ>?ᙠᜐᳮ<@஺ᐳᵨCDḄEᜐᳮᜧᜧ&'ᵨCDḄTUV#᦮KFGḄXᔢ8஺ᙠᜐᳮCD᦮ᙽxCacheᵫCacheᡠ◤Ḅ¡〈ᐭᜐᳮ<z0Cachexᙽ(ᜐᳮ<CD£ᡠ◤Ḅ¡¤¥ᙢ~>zh¦fghi§¨©fª«᪵]¬§¨CPUfgᑏᐭCDḄᑏfª஺~᪵Cache®zCacheD`ᘤ@Ḅp}¯zᜐᳮz¿JKCDᙽᢥÁÂÃᑣÅᐭCache@«ᙢᙬḄ½ᣚ>zJCacheyÆ᪵¿CDᙢᙬ½ᣚᡂCacheᙢᙬ0᧜¼ÃᑣḄ⌱È◀Éᡠ138

142ᵨḄᙢᙬ᧜¼Z½ᣚÊËzᔲ$k#ஹÍÎÏZ§¨cÐ᜜⌕ÉᙽTUᭆ᳛zᔲÏஹCache*ᑭᵨ᳛zᔲ#஺ᡠÔᙽTUzᢣÖ¨CDᙽ⌕ᐭCache@Ḅᙽ45×ØᐸCDᙽᡠᓰᵨ஺1.ᐰlὶ᧜¼Z½ᣚCD@ÝÞpᙽL᧜¼ÅᐭᑮCache@ÝÞpᙽ45᝞4-25ᡠ஺4-25ᐰlὶ᧜¼Ãᑣ²ßCD-CacheᙢᙬḄ½ᣚàᵨáâ^_D`ᘤḄã^ä⚓⊤ᩭD?CD-CacheḄᙢᙬ᧜¼ᐵFjã^äᙽ⊤⌕ᵨè8ª2,M⚗Ḅê<D`ᘤëÍᜧ,$k᠒ᡠ¬Lᵨáâ4-12ᡠḄîï⊤ÊËcd§¨஺ᐰlὶ᧜¼ḄCD-Cacheᙢᙬ½ᣚ¦᝞4-26ᡠ஺ðÖCDᙢᙬ஻,“Dy¿ᐸCDᙽó஻ôîï⊤@ᡠᨵᔜ⚗ḄU¡ylὶõö஺÷ᨵlḄ>¿/ḄCacheᙽó£Öøg6ᙽᑁᙢᙬ஻ùᡂCacheᙢᙬn,Cache«÷eᨵlḄ,c⊤úCDᙽûÅᐭCache,!rCacheᙽᜫᦔᵫÊËxᙽ஺ᐰlὶ᧜¼ḄüôzᙽTUᭆ᳛ᨬÏþᨵÿCacheᐰᙽ,ᡠCacheḄᑭᵨ᳛ᨬ஺⌕᪀ᡂ2%⚗Ḅ!ὶ#$ᘤᐸ'()ᜧ+,Cache-ᜧ.ᐸ/⊤12-34஺56ᔲ89:;ᓄ᧜>⊤?᪀@A!ὶ/BᕖDE4FGH᧜>IJ#ᙽKᙽᑁᙢᙬᑣo139

14356ᙽᙽᑁᙢᙬ56ᙢᙬCacheᙽCacheᙢᙬ»chIncrCacheÁÅᑮᙽᜫᦔ-------Éᑮ2%⊤+ÊË3Q4-26ᐰ!ὶ᧜>ḄᙢᙬRᣚQ2.GH᧜>UᐸRᣚVJ#ᢥCacheᜧ9XᑖᡂZ[ZᑁḄᔜᙽ]ᢥ^_``abᑮCacheḄ!bᙽ^_dᓽJ#fiᙽ]g`᧜>ᑮfimod2“ᙽ^_d᝞Q4-27ᡠi஺Ì140

144ᢥGH᧜>ḄIᑣᐭCacheklᙽ^_ḄJ#ᙽᩭnJ#opḄZ஺FZᑖᐭCachekḄᙽqr`sJ#ZḄ7◤ᵨ`sᢥᙢᙬuvḄ⊤#$ᘤᩭ#wCachek[`ᙽ^_xyqzJ#krsZḄᙽᡠᓰᵨḄZK஺|E⊤#$ᘤ2""⚗[⚗ḄZK᪗~^஻ᳮ9,!⊤iJ#k2“sopḄZK஺ᡠJ#kfiᙽᢥGH᧜>IᑣᐭCachekḄfjᙽ.bfjᙽᙠJ#kḄZKᐭfjᙽabḄZK᪗~k஺GH᧜>ḄJ#-CacheᙢᙬRᣚ᝞Q4-28ᡠi஺ᜐᳮ?J#ᙢᙬ஺uJ#.babḄᑖCacheᙢᙬuCache,p.b᫦ᑖᙢᙬuvZK᪗~⊤#$ᘤᐜᡠ#ḄZK᪗~J#ᙢᙬabḄZKᑖ஺᝞!X⊤iCachekCacheḄuvk¡uJ#¢᝞oX⊤iCacheᙽᜫᦔE.CacheḄuvk¡+J#Ḅuvᵫ¦§n¨J#k©ᙽªᐭCache஺J#ᙽKAᑁᙢᙬJ#ᙢᙬCacheᙢᙬnc«2%k⌱ZKᢥᙢᙬuv#$ᘤ®Q4-28GH᧜>ḄᙢᙬRᣚ141

145GH᧜>¯Ḅ°±q⁚ḕᡠ◤¦§]◤9ḄᢥᙢᙬuvḄZK᪗~⊤#$ᘤ:´᜜ᵯ·ᡂ¸-¹஺uvCacheuvZK⊤ஹZKqᔲ!»Ḅ¼qp.ḄCachek.½ᕡḼḕÀFᙢᙬRᣚḄ.஺Á±qCacheḄᙽᭆ᳛-஺]⌕ᨵÅsᡈÅsdÇÈÉᵨḄᙽាËz᧜>ᑮCacheḄp`ᙽ^_.ÌÍÉCachek᳛ញᒓÐÑ஺ᓽÉE.CachekᨵᜧÒᙽÓÔ¯ᑭᵨᡠCacheḄᑭᵨ᳛-¹஺|ExyÕ-´ÉᵨGH᧜>IᑣF஺3.Ö!ὶ᧜>UᐸRᣚᐰ!ὶ᧜>:GH᧜>Ḅ°ஹ±×Ë!Ø56ᔲÅὅÚᔠÜᵨ`Ý᧜>Iᑣ,Þß´ᙽᭆ᳛4Cacheᑭᵨ᳛àÉᙢᙬ᧜>?᪀UᙢᙬRᣚ12ᐰ!ὶḄ;ᓫ:A1ᕖDÖ!ὶ᧜>ÌqᐸkḄ`Ý஺Ð☢ᵨ;ãᩭäåæÝIᑣ஺᝞Q4-29ᡠiCache:J#çᑖᡂÖ[ÖSᙽ5=2.®ᐳᨵ2“éᙽᑖᡂQÖ0=2"᦮sCacheq`Z஺J#ᑖᡂCachep᪵ᜧ9Ḅ2/sZᐸᙢᙬᢥZKஹÖKஹÖᑁᙽKஹᙽᑁᙢᙬᑖᡂabḄ4sJ#ᙢᙬḄÖKஹÖᑁᙽKᑖìᵨqஹ$⊤iîïḄð2:^_CacheᙢᙬḄqஹsq`ÁḄ஺Ö!ὶ᧜>ᢣḄqᔜÖòqGH᧜>+Öᑁᔜᙽòqᐰ!ὶ᧜>஺Q4-29k%ஹqçq1^sq2^ᓽJ#Ḅf0Ö]ᐭCacheḄ0Öf1Ö]ᐭCacheḄ1Ö஺ÖᑁḄᔜsᙽ᝞J#Ḅ0~3U8sliᙽᐭCacheḄf0~3ᙽkḄô½`ᙽoᐭCacheḄ4s7ᙽ஺«QkõÖ!ὶ᧜>qöᐰ!ὶ᧜>GH᧜>òḄ஺îḄCacheᙽᭆ᳛⌕GH᧜>Ḅ¹÷ø஺ã᝞J#0ᙽÕᙠCacheḄ0ᙽkù⌕ªúJ#f8ᙽᑣaGH᧜>ᩭäÌ⌕ûüᙽ+aÖ!ὶ᧜>ᩭäf8ᙽýᐭCacheḄf1-3ᙽkḄô½`ᙽ^_஺]ᨵCache142

146kf஺ÖḄᔜᙽçzᓰᵨ.ᙽᓽÉf1ÖkᨵᙽÓÔᵨ஺þᯠCacheOᔜᙽᓰᵨḄᭆ᳛⌕ᜧᜧᙽᭆ᳛ᜧᜧCache!Ḅᑭᵨ᳛஺S$%ᜧCacheᙽᭆ᳛%&ᯠ()ᐰ+ὶḄ⌕஺&+ὶ᧜.Ḅ$ᜧᑮ01CacheḄᙽᦪ3ᓽs=nᡂᐰ+ὶ᧜.67cd&S$ᑮ8ᨵ1ᙽ3ᓽ:s;<=>ᡂ?@᧜.஺ᐰ+ὶ᧜.A?@᧜.8B+ὶ᧜.ḄCD᩽F஺ᙠCache!ᜧHᙽḄᜧIJKḄLMNCacheḄOᙽᦪJKPQ᪀ST(UVSAQ$WX⌱Z஺QASḄ⌱[\⌕]^1Vᙽᭆ᳛ஹᙽᜫᦔ᳛ஹ᧜.⊤cᩖឋAᡂfஹg⊤hi0Ḅᢚᩗ⊝஺ᑁᙽᦪS%ᙽᭆ᳛Aᙽᜫᦔ᳛%᧜.⊤%cᩖஹᡂf%g⊤hi%᠒஺ᡠpSqrsᵨᙠᐺuvwx₹NWXz{7K஺nmb1|1|2|+ὶ᧜.)ᐰ+ὶ᧜.ᙠᡂf}⌕7ឋ~}(U@1ᐰ+ὶ᧜.ᡠp143

147Ḅᵨ஺4.3.3ᘤḄLRUᣚḄ&Cacheᙽᜫᦔ\ᙽᐭCacheCacheᙽᢥᣚᶍ⌱ZCacheḄᙽᣚ஺CacheᘤḄᣚ{ᘤḄ᪵BᵨFIFOᡈLRUᐸLRUᨬ£rᵨ஺CacheḄ¤ᙽ!B¥¦§Ḅ¨~sᵨ©ªᣚ⍝஺£¬ᜐᳮ°0Ḅ!CacheᘤᣚḄ8~Bᐰ஺f⁚²³LRUḄ)´V஺)´VḄµf¶·B¸ᑁᔜᙽᡂVᔠᵨDº»ᘤḄ¼᝱⊤¾¿)´VᑁCᙽÀÁḄÂêÄÅÆᵯÈUÉᑮLRUᙽ஺᝞ᨵAஹBஹC3ᙽᡂABஹACஹBCV஺ᔜVᑁᙽḄÀÁ˪ᑖÍᵨ"Vº»ᘤ"T:;஺T9"1",⊤¾A)BÏÀÁÐ6£"0"⊤¾B)AÏÀÁÐ6ẬÒÓKÔ஺Õ᪵&ÀÁÐḄê£ABC,ᓽᨬÀÁÐḄ£A,ᨬÖ×ÀÁḄBC,ᑣÕÙDº»ᘤ¼᝱BᓅX1,7>LT1"1஺Cw£ᨬÖ×ÀÁÐḄᣚᙽḄÝᵨÞßàᦪáᨵCâT=>஻ACBCACBCᳮUBLRU~T/BCALRU—TASACãᐰUᵨÆஹº»ᘤ0ᔠ᝞ä4-30ᡠ¾åÃÀÁᙽᦋ>¿ᙽᨵᐵḄ)´Vº»ᘤḄ¼᝱஺p}èAஹBஹC3ᙽ£144

148éåÃÀÁAë◤ᦋ>AᨵᐵḄ)´Vº»ᘤḄ¼᝱íTBஹT@cAB"1"pAï᧜A)BÏஹA)CÏÀÁÐ6ᳮÀÁBëíTC"0",ᓅ£"1"6ÀÁCëíe஺ô"°"஺^UJKᔜ)´Vº»ᘤḄöᐭ÷ᑴùú᝞ä4-30ᡠ¾஺r0101017ABTACBCI------------------rsCrsB-------------------------------------------------rsAä4-30ᵨ)´VLRUᙠᩭᑖ᪆ᡠᵨḄ஺ᵫBᙽᙳLRUᙽᐸ!"◤ᵨ$%&'ᡠ(ᨵ*+ᙽ,-ᨵ*+.$%/.$%0ᦈᩭ2$3ᨵᐵḄ56ᘤḄ8ᐭ஺:᝞4=;$%⌕ᨵ@4BTᳫḄ8ᐭ⌕ᨵ@TDᐶḄ8ᐭF$ᙽMᨵᐵḄ56ᘤᦪᙽᦪH1,ᡠ($%Ḅ8ᐭKᦪLᙽᦪH1஺MPᙽᦪOOPᔠ56ᘤᦪCS=UV-1)/2.⊤4-2ᑡ^_ᙽᦪP$%ᦪஹ%Ḅ8ᐭKᦪD56ᘤᦪḄᐵa஺⊤4"¸¹ÍÎÏᘤᦪஹËᦪஹËḄÑᐭÒᦪ¤ᙽᦪḄᐵ9ᙽᦪ3481664256•PP(P-l)¸¹ÍÎÏᘤᦪ3628120201632640.2Ëᦪ3481664256...pËḄÑᐭÒᦪ2371563255…P-1145

149@⊤4-2b(c^56ᘤḄ.ᦪdeᙽᦪḄf*(᩽hḄijfk%Ḅ8ᐭKᦪlmឋfkoᙠpqrsdtᩭuvᡠ(w〉ᵨPᑁᙽᦪ+ḄPzὶ᧜}Cache~ᘤb஺ᙠᙽᦪ+3᧕r஺MPᑁᙽᦪ8,ᑣᡠ◤56ᘤ.ᦪ,*-_஺ol(ᵨ*᝱ᢈᩭH+ᡠᵨḄ56ᘤ.ᦪ஺4.3.4Cache~ᘤḄឋDឋᑖ᪆l.Cache~ᘤḄឋᑖ᪆DᵫCache~ᘤḄᙢᙬᣚᙽᣚLᐰrḄCache~ᘤᵨqᕒa¡qᕒ¢LḄF£Cacheᜐᳮ¦§~¨©Ḅ!ª«¬lLḄ஺CacheᡠtᩭḄ⚪®¯°±²³ᑖ᪆´µ¶zḄᩭ·ᗐ஺¹ᯠCacheL§~Ḅ»¼ᑖ½¾§~b¿ᓫᐗḄᑁᓾᙠ»ÃÄÅd$CachebᓫᐗḄᑁ»Æ஺:᝞bÇᜐᳮ¦ᑏCache,Éᦋ_Cacheb¿ᓫᐗḄᑁ§~bᓫᐗḄᑁËᨵᦋ஺o᝞ÌCPUஹI/Oᜐᳮ¦ᐸÍᜐᳮ¦⌕Χ~«ᣚ!ªÏÐoѧ~ᑁÒsCacheᑁᓄḄ»Æ,d⌼ᡂ┯×஺Ø᪵I/Oᜐᳮ¦ᡈᐸÍᜐᳮ¦ÛÜḄᑁ〈ᐭ§~¿.ÞßFCachebÞßḄ½¾ᑁᓾàLáᩭḄ஺o᝞ÌCPU⌕@Cachebâ¶!ªldoÑCacheᑁÒs§~ᑁᓄḄ»ÆF⌼ᡂ┯×஺°±µ¶ãäåᵫâ/ᑏqb&'ḄCache§~ᑁ»ÆḄ⚪஺bÇᜐᳮ¦ᑏCacheæ§~ᑁÒsCacheᑁᓄ⌼ᡂ»Æ⚪ḄᐵçL⌱éåêܧ~ᑁḄ஺»ëᨵᑏìᑏíîOÑ஺ᑏìlïð5Éᦋ஺3LᙠCPU᡻òᑏó!ªwᑏᐭCache,ôõ◤⌕ᣚö÷ᦋᑏḄCacheᙽᐜᑏì§~ᯠùúûüÜᙽ஺ᙠ§~»CacheḄᙢᙬ᧜}⊤b◤Cacheb14

150.ᙽýþ»."ᦋ"ᙽᐭCacheᔲᦋḄ᪗஺⌕ᦋ᪗ᡂ"1"஺᪵ᙠᙽᣚ᪷!ᙽḄᦋᔲ"1","#$%ᣚᔲ◤⌕ᐜᙽ()*(஺ᑏ,-./0(,-.஺1ᑭᵨCache(4ᘤᙠᜐᳮ89*(:;Ḅ,<=>?@ᜐᳮ8ᑏᐭCacheḄA/=B=>,<ᑏᐭ*(஺᪵ᙠᙽᣚCDᐜᑏ)*("EFGᙽ஺ᑏ).HI├Kᙠ?L⌕ᣚḄ᎛ᑏ,-.HI├Kᙠ?LᑏCacheN⌕OPQRSᑏCache;TUVḄᑏ*(;஺ᑏ).9ᑏ,-.N◤⌕ᨵXYZ[ᘤ஺ᑏ).\Z[ᘤᵨ]ᨚ(⌕ᑏ)Ḅᙽ_:CD`aᣚᙽᑏ)*(bIcdeCachef஺ᑏ,-.\Z[ᘤᑣᵨ]Z[ᵫᑏCacheᡠ⌕jḄ⌕ᑏ)*(Ḅᑁl_CPUCD`amᑏ*(nᡂopqre஺Z[ᘤᵫ⌕(Ḅᦪ!9⌕(ᐭḄt᪗ᙢᙬwᡂ஺ᙠᑏ,-xy\lY4ḄZ[ᘤ"#z℉ᙢᦋdᐸឋoIBM3033᪵Ḅ஺◤⌕~ḄmZ[ᘤCache9*(""Ḅ஺ᙠ⌕ᜐᳮ"oᵫ1ᡠḄ┯(᝞QRᜐᳮ8⌕Ḅ*(ᓫᐗḄᑁlᙠZ[ᘤ\)஺!ᐺḄyᙠᡠᨵ(\ᨵ10%~34%VḄᑏ஺ᯠᑏ).ᑏ)᦮RᙽCᑏ)QR¡ᡈ£R¡¤ᑏ).¥¦§_*(Ḅ=¨YSᑏ,-.Ḅ⌕©UV஺ª᝞CacheC«\᳛3%,ᙽḄᜧ©32R¡⁚*(¯ᙽ°8R¡⁚ᑏᓰ16%,²ᡠᨵCacheᙽḄ30%◤⌕ᑏ)ᑣᑏ*(Lᦪ³§Ḅ*(Lᦪ:Sᑏ,-.Ḅ16%,´ᑏ).Ḅµ3.6%(ᓽ0.03x0.30x32/8)஺ᜐᳮ8ḄCXᑏᐭᨚ(\;·¸¹ᵨᑏ).ᨵᑭ]ḕ»\;·¸ᑏᐭ*(Ḅ¼V½¾I├஺¤,ᑏ).OPÀCacheḄÂᩖឋ◤⌕ᦋ#Ä%ᔲ◤⌕ᑏ)#ÅÆᑴᐜᑏ)bEᐭḄ᡻eÉ஺´²ᑏ).ᙠᙽᣚÊᯠË(ᙠ*(ᑁl³CacheᑁlḄCQÌ஺Í"☠ឋÏÐᑏ).C᝞ᑏ,-.஺ᑏ,-.@CacheÑ┯"#ᵫ*(ᩭÓ147

151ÔBCache\◤ᨵQ᜻Ꮤ᪥Ø஺ᑏ).ᑣᵫ]ᨵᦔḄᙽᙠCache\ÔB◤⌕ᙠCache\¹ᵨÓ┯ṹᓽ◤⌕ᙠCache\OPVḄᑍܨÝᩭÞßᐸᑁlḄ"☠ឋ஺àáᑏ,-.9ᑏ).deÄḄ⌱ã஺ᑏ,-.◤⌕KäᜧYZ[ᘤ9ᐸåæçèéᩭêXCPU`aᑏ*(nᡂᡠὑäḄ;´ᑏ).Ḅìíᡂî⌕ïUV஺tʹᵨᑏ).ḄᨵAmdahlḄᡠᨵð89IBM3081;¹ᵨᑏ,-.ḄᨵIBM370/168ஹIBM3033,PDP-11/70,VAX-ll/780>Honeywell66/609Honeywell66/80`஺¹ᵨᑏ).òᑏ,-.³xyóᵨᨵᐵ஺ᓫᜐᳮ8xyḄCache(4ᘤVᦪᵨᑏ).#⁚ḕᡂî஺ᐳö*(ḄVᜐᳮ8xy÷øᔜᜐᳮ8ú*(ûᣚ¨ÝCÑ┯ᑣVᵨᑏ,-.஺᝞¸ᵫVRᜐᳮ8ᐳö*(ûᣚ¨ÝᦋᡂᐳöCacheûᣚ¨Ý¨ÝḄQÌឋoUᑮ÷ø¤tÊVR\ýᜐᳮ8ᐳöCacheþᨵCXÿ஺⌕CacheḄᜧᜧ⌕ᐳCacheᙠᱥᳮCPU☠!"ᩭ$%ᐸ'Ḅ()*!+,-./0CacheḄ12஺3᜜,CacheḄ⚣6789ᢝ;8CPUḄ<)=>஺?3,ᐳCacheḄ@ABCD▲FᵨᙠᓫCPUஹI/OᜐᳮKLM஺N᝞,Amdahl470KḄCPUI/OᜐᳮKPᐳᵨ<Cache,Cacheᙠᱥᳮ☠"CPU,QᐸRI/OᜐᳮKSTUV,Wᯠ-.Y=>(Zᜧ,[ᵫF]ᐭ/]`ᦪbḄc〈,(Zᜧefghᜧ஺iFᐳjkḄCPULM,lᜧᦪmnᵨᔜCPUᨵqrḄCache஺ᙠ-᪵ḄLMtᵫFCacheḄuvឋ,x☠nᵨᑏz{A|h}~<jkᓫᐗᙠᔜCachetḄiᑁ஺N᝞,ᜐᳮKAᜐᳮKBᔜqḄCacheaCachebᐳjk,᝞4-31ᡠ஺ᜐᳮKAᑏᐭCacheaḄ<),nᵨᑏz{A*ᑏᐭjk,᝞ាCacheb148

152t*ᨵ3ᓫᐗ,ᑣᐸᑁ|ᦋ,3)ᜐᳮKB*=>3ᓫᐗ),ᑮḄP.ᐜḄᑁQ`┯஺?3,m◤⌕n~ᔜCacheᨵ3ᓫᐗḄᑁ஺4-31ᜐᳮKᨵCacheḄᐳjkᜐᳮKLM@APnᵨ¡ᑏA஺ᡠ¢¡ᑏA,ᢣ¤¥ᜐᳮK⌕ᑏᐭCache),hxᑏᐭqrCacheḄB᪗ᙽjkt,m¨©ª¡ᑏᑮᡠᨵCacheᨵ3ᓫᐗḄᙢ¬,ᡈὅᡠᨵCacheᨵ3ᓫᐗḄᙽ¯°±8²³´=>)ᢥ¶ᙽᜐᳮ,·jkt¸ᐭ¹஺nᵨ¯°Ḅ@Aº8$%¡〈Ḅ©ª,IBM370/168IBM3033nᵨḄ-@A஺»@A¼ᑴ¾eᐳ©ª±᝞©¿Àᡈ¯ÁÂùhÄᐭCache஺mᨵ@ABÅ⊤A,ᓽᙠCPUஹᑏCachehÈt),ᐜÉᙠjktḄBÅ⊤,8ᑨËB᪗ᙽᔲᨵᙠÍḄCacheᑁ,8ÎᔲÏᙠÐÑᦋÃ,ᯠÒÓË᝞¥ஹᑏ3ᙽ஺CacheᑁÔhjkᑁᓄ>⚪Ḅ@A,I/OᜐᳮK×CacheØjkᑏᐭÙᑁ),ᵫÚ¯LM×ÛᵨᢣÜÝ◀᦮Cache஺-@AḄ¶àCachekáᘤiÚ¯LMLMãäᕒhuv,?3|h஺»@AI/OᜐᳮKØjk¾æçᑏᐭÙᑁ),ᵫÛᵨèéqêᙢëCacheᑁi3æçḄìí¯°,·Q~ᢝCacheḄuvឋ஺CHJஹI/OᜐᳮKᐳ<Cache*@A஺ïð,ñ᪀óôCachekáᘤḄuvឋõᩭḄ>⚪஺2.CacheḄöA÷ø-CacheḄÈt᳛iôöK12fg!ᜧ,nᵨúû᪵ḄöAº8üýÈt᳛149

153CachekáᘤóôtḄþ⌕>⚪஺CacheᡠᵨḄöAÿᢥ◤ᓽᙠCacheᙽᜫᦔ⌕ḄᡠᙠḄᙽ஺〉⌱CacheḄஹᙽḄᜧ!ஹ"#ὶḄ"ᦪ&"ᑁᙽᦪ()*+ᨵ-.Ḅ/0᳛Ḅ஺᝞34ᵨᙠ67ᙽ⌕ᵨ89:⚜CacheḄ⚜<=(>?@A./0᳛஺BCDEFGHIJKᙠLMNKᙽOPQᔲSCacheT⚜UVḄNi+1ᙽ஺WEXYᙽ(ᨵឤ⚜&[/0⚜\]^஺ឤ⚜T⌕ᑮLMNiᙽPQCacheᔲ/0ឤ⚜Ni+1ᙽ஺[/0⚜ᑣTLMNiᙽᙠCache[/0Ha⚜LM0ḄNZ+1ᙽ஺Amdahl470V/8:4ᵨ[/0⚜^஺4ᵨ⚜bc?d>A./0᳛e=&ᙽḄᜧ!f⚜g├Ḅᜧ!ᨵᐵ஺jᙽk!,⚜Ḅᦔmn[op஺q⚜◤⌕rstuᙽvᜧ஺wjᙽkᜧ:n⚜[ᵨḄ67xCacheᨵ▲z{|ᵨᡈ~:⌕ᵨḄ67ᢴr/0᳛஺m⊤oᙽḄᜧ![256⁚஺⌕⚜:⌕ᨵLMஹᐸCacheḄCache,ᣚᙽᑏLMḄ⚜g├஺eLM&CacheḄ᡾&VḄ᡻஺ᡠ)⚜Ḅᦔm[>Tq/0᳛ḄA.ᩭ⊝=£ὃ⇋B¦ᡠ§¨Ḅg├ᔲ©ª஺Ḅmឤ⚜([/0᳛75%~80%,{[/0⚜Ḅ[/0᳛T30%~40%஺w9ὅᡠᙠCacheஹLM¬Ḅ®⌕¯°ὅᜧª±஺3.CacheM²ᘤḄឋ>ᑖ᪆·¸M²ᘤ0Ḅ¹º»¼CacheM²ᘤḄឋ>L⌕½/0᳛Ḅ.{/0᳛·ᙽḄᜧ!ஹᙽḄ¾ᦪOᓽCacheḄ¾¿ஹ4ᵨ"#ὶ"Ḅᜧ!O"ᑁᙽᦪ¿ஹ150

154ᣚ<&ᙢᙬÃḄÄÅឋᨵᐵ஺QÆCacheÇḄÈÉ·ÊnËÌCacheM²ᘤḄᦔÈÉ஺᝞mÍCacheM²ᘤḄᦔÈÉ[ÎÏ◤⌕ᦋḄÑ:⌕ÒᐹÔᑖ᪆½IᙠCacheM²ᘤḄᦔÈÉᔲSÕ~ECacheÇḄÈÉ஺᝞mÖª-×ØoCacheḄ/0᳛Ù:[〉ᔠᵨÛ.ÈḄCacheÜᱏᩭᣚIᨵḄCacheÜᱏ{£qA.Cache/0᳛Ḽßᒹáâ᦮"Ḅᜧ!ஹᙽḄᜧ!ஹᣚ<)fᜧCacheᔲᑣÈÉPA.Ḅ஺#z᝞mCacheܲᘤḄᦔÈÉSäcKÕ~ECacheÇḄÈÉw=[>ÎåÈÉ⌕æ:TᨵÛᣚᡂÛ.ÈḄCacheÜᱏ஺ᔲᑣèXᐸé⌶ëì[nᨵíîᦔmḄ஺x¦[>ïðñò&ᦋᔲᑣ§Cóᜧô¼z{CCacheM²ᘤḄឋ>¼õ¯஺4.4ö÷M²Ôøð9±ᦪḄò<ùøúûᨵ¸M²ᘤüᨵCacheM²ᘤ஺Vᵨ¸ᙢᙬM⌕æÈÉÕ~ECache,ýMḄ஺Ù]ö÷M²Ôø()ᨵ3]þÿ஺4.4.1ᱥᳮᙢᙬCacheᱥᳮᙢᙬCacheᵫ"Cache""”Ḅᡂ4-32஺CPUᵨ!"#ᙢᙬ$%&ᳮ'((MemoryManagementUnit,MMU)*Ḅᙢᙬ+ᣚ'(+ᣚᡂᱥᳮᙢᙬ$Cache஺᝞./*Cache,$Cache;᝞.0/*Cache,12ᱥᳮᙢᙬḄ3423ḄḄᙽ6Cache789ᙽ:ᣚ;ᡠ$=Ḅ3>?6CPU:ᣚ஺Intel@AḄi486DEC@AḄVAX8600BCDEFGᵨ151

155H஺4-32ᱥᳮᙢᙬCacheḄᡂH◤⌕1ᱥᳮᙢᙬ+ᣚᡂCacheᙢᙬKL$Cache,1Mᜧ$CachḄOPQR⌕MSTU⊤ḄOP஺WX⊡0Z[\]^ᦋW>?ᵨ#ᙢᙬ$Cache,#ᙢᙬCache஺4.4.2#ᙢᙬCache#ᙢᙬCache1Cache—>?᪀ᡂabᐸᡂ᝞4-33ᡠd஺4-33#ᙢᙬCacheḄᡂCPU$O>?1#ᙢᙬ〈&ᳮ'(MMUCache஺᝞.Cache/*ᦪg6ᢣi>?6CPUj〈k᝞.Cache0/*ᵫ&ᳮ'(1#ᙢᙬ+ᣚᡂᱥᳮᙢᙬ$142ᙢᙬḄᦪgᙽᡈᢣiᙽ6Cache:ᣚḄmO1ᓫᢣiᦪg6CPUoPj〈஺Intel@AḄi860Gᵨ஺152

1564.4.3ᐰCacheᐰCacheᨬrstḄuv0ᡂwvxᖪzᓄ஺|}ᨵᵨCache6*Ḅ'ᑖ᪀ᡂ"Cache-"]஺Cache]^ḄBᦔ$=OP⌕?rCacheḄ#ᙢᙬPḄ஺4-34ᙠ\ᜐᳮEtḄHᫀ஺4-34\ᜐᳮE*ḄᐰCache]^ᵫ$=ᓫᱥᳮᙽᙽ5123⁚6ᘤ?Ḅ'Cacheᙽ95123⁚ᐸCacheᙽḄᡈᜧ5123⁚925123⁚Ḅ᦮ᦪ஺ூ¡⁚¢£௃1ஹ¦§¨©]ឋLḄ«⌕ᢣ᪗Aஹ/*᳛B,®ᙳ᳛Cஹ⌚±᳛Dஹ²/*᳛³ᫀ´Aµ¶´/*᳛¨©]ឋLḄ«⌕ᢣ᪗஺153

1572ஹ⚜¹Ḅ()»C¼½Ḅ⌕᪗¾AஹÀÁឋBஹÃឋCஹᱯÆឋDஹÈÉឋ³ᫀ´Aµ¶´⚜¹ḄÀÁឋ»C¼½Ḅ⌕᪗¾Êᜧ!ËÌÍÎᡠᵨDÏᙢᙬ᧜Ñ+ᣚḄH஺3ஹ()ᢣᔜuPḄ>?᧜ÑAஹᐰ8ὶ᧜ÑBஹ8ὶ᧜ÑCஹÕÖ᧜ÑDஹ>☢᧜ѳᫀ´Bµ¶´8ὶ᧜ÑᢣᔜuPḄ>?᧜Ñ;ᑁᔜᙽoPᐰ8ὶ᧜Ñ஺4ஹ»Úb#ÛᘤḄ7k=10஽%=10-25,WåḄHᦔ᳛eçᑮᨬᜧéḄ80%Ì/*᳛HQR⌕ìçᑮ\Rí▭Ì᪵ð/*᳛ÊñçᑮḄòóôÌ᝞õᦋöí³ᫀ:=0.999999975154

158▭Ì᪵ð/*᳛᩽ñçᑮḄW◤⌕ùR8úbḄ$=ûËüýᡈὅùR8úbḄü஺ÿᓃ᜜ᙠஹᘤᐸஹḄ1:100,Ḅ1:1000,!"#$%&'()ஹ*+,ᡂ./012᪵451Ḅ6᳛89ᑮ5ஹᵫ4.1.3⁚ᡠ>?01Ḅ@ABcCTAḄ⊤EFGHn01&'Ḅ⊤EF஺JᫀL01Ḅ@MᙳABA2CiS*C=---------------£s“01Ḅ“ᓅ=£D>(ᐸ£Y=io155

15955\᪗^ᜐᳮabc᪗^ᜐᳮaḄaᘤdeḄfgh,ᡂiḄjklmnop☢rs஺htu⌱ᵨxyḄᘤ+z{x|Ḅ}~yᢣᑁᔜḄf⚪uᡠ◤⌕Ḅᦪbc@ᩩaᘤᢣḄfg஺?htuᑴa᪀fgpᩩᩩn᦮ḄFbc᦮.aᘤdeḄfg஺C¡¢hᐸ£ᵨḄF஺k\⌕¤>2p¥FḄjk¦ᳮrs⌕f§Ḅ⚪C¨n©ឋ«ᑖ᪆஺ᨬ¯¤>ᢣyḄ°᪗^ஹ°±ᢣ²ஹ°¡¢³C°᪗^°¡¢³ᜐᳮa஺5.1Fᐜ¤>¡¢ᨬµᓫḄ·FᓽF஺5.1.1¦ᳮ1ᢣḄfg4aᘤdeḄ᡻ºzᵨ»fgḄᨵ½ᜧḄy஺»fgᢣḄhᔜᩩᢣ»¿À᡻Áᩩᢣ¯Â{ÃᩩᢣÄᙢÆ@ᩩᢣᑁÇḄᔜ.È»¿ᙢÆ஺fgᩩaᘤᢣḄÉᡂ{ᢣஹᑖ᪆CI{ᢣ|ᑖ᪆I᡻᡻/ÇᑖᐵÌ᝞Î5-1ᡠÏ஺{ᢣhᢥᢣiᦪᘤḄᑁÑ{HÒᢣ〈ᑮᢣÔᘤ஺ᢣḄᑖÎ5-1ÕᩩaᘤᢣḄfg᪆hÕᢣḄṹÆ×ṹᢥØᙬFCᙢᙬ²·ᡂᦪÚᙢᙬᵨÛÚᙢᙬÜ{ᦪÀ«È«ÔᘤÄ{ÃᩩᢣÝ⌕·ᡂÃᩩᢣḄᙢᙬ஺ᢣḄ᡻ᑣhÕᦪÆ}~ஹᜐᳮᡈ}~àáÀ«⌕Ä஺Î5-2a⊤ÏHâᢣḄ»fgF஺15

160ÓᢣIᑖ᪆᡻IÎ51ÕᩩaᘤᢣḄfg»fgḄãähᑴµᓫåᐭÃᩩᢣḄ᧕ᑴ஺èéäh%êëÁᡂÃêìí«îï%íÜi~aᔜÇ+Ḅᑭᵨ᳛9஺ñ᝞{ᢣC{ᦪòḼè}~ᘤᓾõḼöᙠÕᦪ᡻}~}~ᘤòḼᓾõḼ஺hHâfgᓽíᢣᙠ%ᙢfg஺ᢣḄfghᙠfg5kᩩᢣḄÁᡂøùnîïfg5ᯠfgûí«bcᩩᢣḄfgᓾ«bc&üpᩩᢣn᦮Ḅfg஺{ᢣýᑖ᪆A᡻A{ᢣA+1ᑖ᪆ᚨÿ᝚௃a)ᢣᑖ᪆4᡻#ᢣ1ᑖ᪆-1᡻ᢣM2ᑖ᪆*+2᡻k+2b5-2ᢣḄabḄᢣḄᙠ!ᡂ#$%&'()⌕+஺-1/⌕0123Ḅ45஺65-2b#:;◤⌕="ᢣ"ᑖ᪆4"ᙠ@A#஺ᢣ⌕13;ᑖ᪆BCDᦪFGH⌕13஺157

161(2)⌕0"ᑖ᪆""᡻"CDḄJ஺(3)⌕0"ᑖ᪆""᡻"CDKᑴ#ḄMN஺(4)⌕0ᢣAᔜQᐵḄᜐᳮ஺5.1.2Qᐵᜐᳮ1.VWᢣḄᜐᳮXYB⍗ᑮᩩ]VW@;^ᩩ]VWᡂ_;▭aᡂb஺ᙠc4dJ23efBghᑮ;᪗jBḄᩩ]VWᭆ᳛Gm10%~30%஺n᪵;ᦔ᳛qr℉'t஺uv;ḄᙠYBwxjyz{ᵨᩩ]VWᢣ஺᝞~⌕ᵨᩩ]VWᢣ@;Gᵨ3.3.3⁚BḄVWᢈ;ᵫYᡂ᪗Y@;qVWᢣᩩ]VWᐵḄcA-1ᩩᢣᣚ';n᪵;ᓽ{ᩩ]VWᡂ_F{ᦔ᳛'t;᝞5-2ᡠ஺2.ᢣQᐵḄᜐᳮᵫ#☢Ḅᑖ᪆G;ᨵᢣḄ;ᵫᢣh623ᢣḄ;bᑨ¢ᔲ¤bᢣQᐵ;◤⌕¥ᩩᢣᙢᙬ¥ᩩᢣḄ¨©~ᙢᙬª«;:ᔲᨵQMḄ;n¬ᩖḄ஺᝞~¤ᨵᢣQᐵ;¯⌕=g⚜ᢣḄQᐵᢣD±;J²ᣚᢣBḄᑁ´஺n᪵µ¶CDKᑴᩖ;F·¸b¹ºCD@A஺ᱯ¼⌕½¾23ᕜÀÁ13Âᢣ;ÃᩭḄ@AÅᜫ¬ᜧ஺ᢣQᐵuᘤᢣᐕÊËᦋÍÎÏḄ஺᝞~ТᙠY¨YBÑËᦋᢣ;ᢣQᐵÒGH¤஺ÑËᦋᢣ¯G&YḄGÓᐭÕYḄ⌴×Øᵨ஺Ù;$%YÚᮣÜឋḄ◤⌕;ᙠY¨YBᨵ@ÞßËᦋᢣ;n@GÚᩩ"᡻"ᢣᩭ0஺"᡻"ᢣᨬáẆᑴIBM370@ãäÚḄ;ᐸæ158

162᡻R.XB..D,0812162031X᡻ᑮ“᡻"ᢣ@;ᢥcíCDᦪᙢᙬ(X2)+(B2)+D2ÏCDᦪîBᓫᐗḄᑁ´Dᢣᩭ᡻;᝞5-6ᡠ஺ᡠ᡻ḄᢣḄc8s15G(ªᑁ´ñòᡈ;&NhôᢣËᦋḄᮣÜឋ஺ᵫõËᦋḄᢣ&"᡻"ᢣḄCDᦪæÏḄ;qᢣQᐵVᓄᡂbᦪQᐵ;÷◤fᢥᦪQᐵᜐᳮᓽG஺*“I.r.!ü,|.<•|■•*J-5-3IBM370"᡻"ᢣḄ᡻3.ᦪᐵḄᜐᳮᦪᐵᩩᢣ!"#ᓫᐗ⌕'ᐜᑏ*+,Ḅᐵὶ஺᝞5-4aᡠ1஺᝞23"᡻4"ᑖ᪆k+i”ᙠ9:;<=>?"ᑖ᪆k+i”,Ḅᦪ@AABᩩᢣ᡻CDᑏᐭḄF2*┯஺⌕H@┯IᨵK+"ᑖ᪆i”Ḅ,஺k+K+,LMḄNOᵫQ(SᘤQᑴᘤ)W,ᦪஹᑏᦪᵭZ[᣸@"Ḅ]^ᐜ_159

163ᩭab஺cdefᜐᳮgh⍝j]efᜐᳮḄ]klmᢣஹ,ᦪᡈᑏᦪoh⍝]kl,ஹᑏᦪpmh⍝Qᑴqh⍝r᝱qt஺uv]Z'᝞2"9w,=>]yzc{◤ᵫQᙠ}~ᕜe!wḄᔜ]ᵭZ᣸^ᐜᜐᳮ_ḄᵭZ஺I⌕ᙠQeᑏᦪ_[᣸ᡂ,ᦪ_ᑣAkᩩgAk+1ᩩᢣᦪᐵ9Q=>ᐜᜐᳮ”᡻Ḅᑏᦪ*"ᑖ᪆k+i”Ḅ,ᵭZKᑮ#~ᕜlᜐᳮK+"ᑖ᪆k+i"஺5-4b⊤1{9Ḅ9ᐵ஺ᑏᐭmᑖ᪆:᡻ᑏᦪᵭZᑖ᪆HI,ᦪᵭZ᡻◤,maᑏᐭmᑖ᪆᡻ᑏᦪᑖ᪆ᵨ,ᦪ᡻K+#~ᕜ,b)5-4ᦪᐵḄᜐᳮ4.hᵨᘤᐵḄᜐᳮ#Ḅ¡¢ehᵨᘤ◀¤¥¦§ᦪஹ¨¢F2᜜ªkl¤«ᡂ]¦§ᦪᱥᳮᙢᙬḄ¯ᙬ°ᡈ±ᙬ°஺c{hᵨᘤḄᐵ²ᨵ¦§ᦪḄᐵg¯ᙬ°ᡈ10

164±ᙬ°Ḅᐵ஺Ꮇ´¡¢Ḅ±µᢣ¶d@ᑗ¸Bo!rtMiMJiº»A"”2.I¼½¾1!ᜐᙶÀ¥•:ஹr“r.•♦•Åg**”᪷hI.᱄."?♦>«srr.vrf/3*»Gar*Hxq.’qËgfqEFTFXrHTẄeḄ“4E“nÍ"ÎÏÐÑÒÓ*WÔÕÖÖ"AK»P"yضFE,Kr.KZknxrTEF.FT^FPFCT>”ÙJTFTḆÛÜ02ÝMfK"”?஺”ஹᐜ“ÞßA*஺T஺0BWWXGVI<8NJ*"àá3ᦻãä■Bå•ᵪçèé■⏨ëìᵨj"ᡂSík»853iú»•ᔁ[üýᵨî⌶ïðÿñ3■ᯅ1ᳫ¥;õᖳhöS^“U”᜛■E/FU*,■Ðàk÷k^.EakÏøᧅù-ᐸᵬL1ஹDF₞ᦪḄᵨ"#ᘤ%&B2'(ᡂ*+ᦪᙢᙬḄ.ᙬ/ᡠᙠᵨ"#ᘤ%&d2'23456஺ᙠᢣ9:;<=>?@ᵨᵨ"#ᘤABCᵨ⌶ᡠ◤F*AḄGHIBCḄ஺#Jᵨ"#ᘤ>Ḅ.ᙬ/ᡈLᙬ/MIᙠ"ᑖ᪆"ᕜRḄSTUVᵨ&*AᦪIᙠ"ᑖ᪆"ᕜRḄWTUVX?ᑮ"᡻["ᕜRḄSTU\ᵨ&]^Iᙠ"᡻["ᕜR_`(ᡂa#ᐭᵨ"#ᘤ>஺c5-5ᡠd'efḄGHᐵh஺ij'GHᐵhḄBC?ᡠkᵨ"#ᘤḄᵨ./Lᙬ/V*Aᦪᦪ2ᐵ.ᙬ/ᡈLᙬ/2ᐵḄᜐᳮnoBC஺#ᑖ᪆1᡻[ᵨ./Lᙬ/V*Aᦪ"ᵨ*Aᦪc5-5ᢣ9:;<=>pᵨ"#ᘤᑁrᨵᐵḄF*AGHᐵhᐜuvᵨ"#ᘤwᦪ2ᐵḄᜐᳮ஺Ꮇyiz{|}?"ᑖ᪆""᡻["ḄᕜRp~#ᕜR᪵I4஺ᨵᢣ9◤⌕ᵨ"#ᘤw>V*Aᦪ+Li3+L3,ᵨ"#ᘤwᙠᱏ?2Xᦪ?ᑣᙠ"ᑖ᪆k+l"RH?*Aᦪ+ভ+LB◤⌕ᙠBCGV?ᑖ〈ᐭ]^ᘤḄBC"#ᘤ?kᙠ“᡻[4+|"G]^ᵨ஺᪵?"᡻[Jp"ᑖ᪆k+i"ᵨ"#ᘤwḄGHᐵh᝞c5-6ᡠd஺=᡻[<=>XL-k+13=L>3+k11

165G?¡Li2ᐵ?L2=L3+k>G?¡L22ᐵ஺¢2ᐵ?᝞£¤ᢝ¦"᡻[k"ᑖ᪆k+i"§¨?c5-6>ḄGHᐵhk©X?"ᑖ᪆k+i”VᩭḄ+Li3ᡈ+1_23aBI"᡻[k"Ḅ«i?¬X┯஺®ᯠ?⌕°:±ᵨ"#ᘤwᦪ2ᐵḄ⚪?³´oIkpSµᜐᳮ~#¶Hᦪ2ᐵ᪵?·W"ᑖ᪆k+l"ᑮ"᡻[¸G¹º?»k·Wᑮ"᡻[¼〈ᐭL32ᯠW½ᵫ"ᑖ᪆k+l"ᙠV+Li3ᡈ+1_23GVᑮᓽ஺ÀᵨSὅ?⌕ᦪ2ᐵ@§¨Lᡂ¡ÂᐰḄÄÅ[?ÆÇÈ®}É&ÀᵨWὅᑣᦪ2ᐵG?2Êᩩᢣ9Ḅ:;£ᨵÌᑖ§¨?kÍÎÆÇÏᜫ?ÑÒᑴ⌕Ôᩖ஺³ᵨ"#ᘤwḄGHᐵh´oI☠·W?×ᱨÆÇᩭÙÚ2ᐵGX┯஺ÛÜᔲᙠBÉÞÆÇḄ{|}£ßàᦪ2ᐵGᜐᳮiáᕖã__________________I__________________11?æ〈ᐭL1èτ2èτ3èτ4èτ+J3〈ᐭBL2〈ᐭCᑖc5-6"᡻[Jஹ"ᑖ᪆k+i"§¨G?ᵨ"#ᘤwḄGHᐵhὃ⇋ᑮæᦪç^èI¼ᵨ"#ᘤA'éêᘤ@ᵨḄ?ᡈὅIᵨeᩭß#>HḄ?jë?ìᩩᢣ9#íîḄïïᙠ}ᩩᢣ9ðA'*AᦪVXᩭ@ᵨ?añᵨ"#ᘤwᦪ2ᐵḄᭆ᳛IôõḄ஺kᑖ᪆}]^ᘤpᵨ"#ᘤwöHḄᦪ÷ø?M{|}?]^ᘤùḄ]^kúû〈ᐭᵨ"#ᘤw>?ᵨ"#ᘤwᑣ◤⌕<ᦪ÷üýþᦪ÷〈ᐭ]^ᘤḄ*Aᦪ"#ᘤBᡈC>஺᪵?¢2ᐵ?'ßÿ12

166ᦪḄkᩩᢣ"᡻ᡂḄ〈ᐭᵨᘤᑮk+iᩩᢣᵨᘤ!"#$%&'ᦪ()〈ᐭᘤḄ*+ᦪᘤBᡈC,-./01◤⌕"ᑖ᪆k+i"6789Ḅ:;<=஺?@67"ᑖ᪆k+i"#ḄABCDEFᦔ᳛ញᒓKL஺᝞ᙠᘤḄO$ᑮBᡈCOᐭP=QR"SᐵUᵨV"᝞W5-7ᡠYᑣᙠ[\LiᡈL2Sᐵ<.^S_ḄSᐵUᵨV"᡻<1`aᙠ〈ᐭᵨᘤbᡂᐸ_ᨵḄefḄg<-^h〈ᑮBᡈCᘤiᜧᜧklmᐸ=Ḅn〈<=&op"᡻k+i"ᵨq*+ᦪ<rsᙠBᡈCᘤ"tᜓvm஺1wxyz{ᐜᵨᘤḄ}ᑁ'ᦪ()ᑖᙠ"ᑖ᪆k+i”Ḅ3ᡈ4〈ᐭm*+ᦪᘤBᡈ:"P7'SᐵUᵨVᙠ"᡻k+i"ᵨrP*+ᦪᘤBᡈCEA+ᩩᢣ〈ᩭḄ஺?᪵opSᐵ<ᵨ67"ᑖ᪆k+i"EFᦔ᳛KL`aopᢣEF<ᦪ$┯஺ᵨᘤ!:相关ᘤ专用通BC路W5-7ᵨSᐵUᵨVᵨᘤ!ḄᦪSᐵ67"ᑖ᪆k+i"R"SᐵUᵨV"wEFSᐵᜐᳮḄ@B஺ὅwaL¡DRᜓ¢Q£¤7ὅwaQ£Rᜓ¡DEFᦔ᳛13

167KL஺`a¥$¦SᐵḄᭆ᳛1¨©ᵨ"SᐵUᵨV"B⁚ḕmRᜓEFᦔ᳛¬C®KL஺¯qyzᭆ°¢±◤²W5-10"Ḅᵨᘤ!ᦋ¸"SᐵUᵨV"B᯿᪵`ᵨº»Ḅ¸¼=ᦪSᐵᵫº$¾¸ᦪSᐵḄᭆ᳛⌕¿$¾ᵨᘤ!ᦪSᐵḄᭆ᳛À¯qᢥÂÃÄÅHuffmanÌÍθᦪSᐵ<ᵨ"SᐵUᵨV"Bi©ᵨ67#B஺¾ᙠᩭÏÐᵨᘤ!ᙬÒᡈÓᙬÒSᐵḄᜐᳮ஺K☢±aᙬÒSᐵÕᩭÖ»ÓᙬÒSᐵw×ØḄ஺R*+ᦪḄᨵᦔᙢᙬÅXdÌ+ÅB2Ì+d2wᵫᑖ᪆ᘤ"Ḅᙢᙬ£BᘤᡂḄ஺ᵫºÀᦪßàKḄ"ᑖ᪆”ᕜâ㺸ᕜâ¯q<=¢⌕äᙠ"ᑖ᪆"ᕜâḄå;1_ᵫᵨᘤO$()æÅB2Ì,〈ᐭᙢᙬ£Bᘤ஺ᵫºwᙠ“᡻"ᕜâḄé〈ᐭᵨᘤ!rêᯠfìᓽ$¾ᙠᵨᘤO$()¢஺¬1wxᙠ"᡻ᑮḄஹ〈ᐭᵨïᵨx"ᑖ᪆k+2"+ᙬÒᵨ஺¯q:ñEF<ᙬÒSᐵÅBSᐵÌ1òC$¾:ñSᐵóC$¾ôñSᐵᓽBÅk+iÌ=1_3ùÌ<[\B:ñSᐵ¤êBÅk+2Ì=L3ÅkÌ<[\BôñSᐵ᝞W5-8ᡠY஺?üᡠýḄ:ñôñᢣḄwSᐵᢣS◞Ḅᢣᩩᦪ஺L3+ᙬᘤB23◤#+B23W5-8B-ñSᐵÿBᐵ14

168ᙬᐵᐸᦪᐵḄ᪵ᨵᑖ᪆ᐵᵨ"#$%஺ᐜ(ᑖ᪆Ḅ)஺ᵫ+5-8,Bᐵ-.◤01ᘤḄ34567ᙠ"ᑖ᪆k+2Ḅ:;ᑮ"᡻>〈ᐭ"ᵨA:-BC"ᵨ01ᘤDBEFGᓽ᝞+5-9aᡠK஺LMNOP"ᵨ01ᘤQRṹஹUBV᪀ḄᐹYZ[Qᡂ஺]Bᐵᑣ◀`a᜜c◤de"᡻>"ᕜg᝞+5-9bᡠK஺1L?(ᙬ01ᘤB?)◤UB2)a)+5-9BhBᐵḄ⌨ᜐᳮa)BᐵḄᜐᳮb)BᐵḄᜐᳮᵫBᐵḄᭆ᳛nopqrBᐵᵨ"#stḄ᝞+5-10ᡠK஺ᙠBᐵ-"᡻>utᑮḄ3456ᙠ〈ᐭ"ᵨ01ᘤQḄ-vBᐵᵨ"#wx〈ᑮy1z{ᦪᙢᙬ}ᡂV᪀஺~ᐸḄ〈toᵨ"ᑖ᪆+2”7ᵨḄᙬ஺ᳮᙠBᐵ-c◤"ᑖ᪆k+i"ᑮ"᡻>k"A:஺ᡠ᪵ᵨᢈḄᵫR᦮ᢣᡂḄ,a7.BᐵoBᐵBᐵᵨ"#ᙠBᐵ-¡¢ᦔ᳛o¤¥¦஺15

169ᦪ§EFB相关"ᵨ01ᘤQ专用y1z{ᦪᙢᙬ}ᡂV᪀通3456路34ᘤy1¨ᙢᙬ+5-10Bᐵᵨ"#©ªC$ᩩᢣᙠ-GḄ¡¢¬✌ᐜ◤⌕¯B°±²᝞rᦪ§EF³ᑴEFஹᢣµ¶ᘤஹᙢᙬ·ᘤஹᐵᵨ"#¸ᢣᑖ᪆¹ºᢣ᡻>¹º»7ᑖAஹᓫ½¾1ᵨMY¿À1PÁ஺ᐸ⌕ᜐᳮÂᢣa71ᙠḄᐵὶ᝞Ḅᜐᳮᢣᐵஹ¾1°ᦪᐵஹ"ᵨ01ᘤQḄᦪᐵᡈᙬᡈÅᙬᐵÁḄᜐᳮ஺z{ᦪᐵÆᙬᡈÅᙬᐵᜐᳮḄÇÈsUᐵᵨ"#$%É᪷§ËÌÍᙠᡂÎᦔ᳛Gᩗ⊝⌱ᵨ஺`᜜cÉᔠᳮÓÂVᘤᢣÆᢣᑁ¹Õz{Ḅ-ᐵÖn"ᑖ᪆‘"᡻>"Ḅ-7ÁØÙ¡¢Ḅᦔ᳛஺5.2ÚÛ)Ü᝞6¡¢)ܬᢣÝÞoᑮßà⌕áᵨ-¬MᩩᢣḄÚÛ)Ü஺5.2.1Îᭆâ1.ä{åᳮ"ᑖ᪆k+ih"᡻>k"Ḅ¡¢sæᢣḄ¬çᑖᡂ"ᑖ᪆"h"᡻>"$1

170eèçᙠ½éḄᑖ᪆¹º᡻>¹ºG-¡¢ᙢê>஺ë"ᑖ᪆"h"᡻>"èçì◤⌕Ḅ-᝞+5-11ᡠKᩩᢣḄ¬◤⌕2íᡂîï4Vð◞AG7¬íᩩᢣ஺sòᵫᢣó>¬ᑮ¡¢¬ï4VḄᨬᜧöᔢ᳛øᓫù-ᑁï4Vᡠ7ᜐᳮḄᨬMᢣᩩᦪᡈï4V7DBḄᨬM56ᦪúØÙû஺+5-11ᢣᑖ©"ᑖ᪆"h"᡻>"èç᝞6æ"ᑖ᪆"èçdüᑖᡂ"Pᢣ"ஹ"ᢣRṹ""Pz{ᦪ"3eèçnᦋê34ᘤḄ5᪀·þᐸ"᡻>"èç᝞+5-12aᡠKÿ4ᑖᵫḄḄAf2ᑣᢣḄᐵ᝞!5-12bᡠ#!$Ḅ1ஹ2ஹ3ஹ4ஹ5⊤#ᜐᳮ)ᡠᜐᳮḄ*1ஹ2ஹ3ஹ4ஹ5ᩩᢣ஺!5-12-.ᜐᳮaᢣḄ-.ᜐᳮb-.ᜐᳮḄ!17

171᝞01ᡂ3ᩩᢣḄ45ᑖ4"ᑖ᪆"8"᡻:";ḄᐸT=2A/,;=5ᑖ4“?ᢣ"ஹ"ᢣ@ṹ"ஹ"?BCᦪ"8"᡻:"4ḄᐸE᪵5!5-14GH◞&KT/2LMᵫᜐᳮ)-N3O0Pᔢ᳛STU3VW=5!5-12GH◞X&2=T/4-N3O0Pᔢ᳛YZ[\]STU3V஺ᙠ_`)▭Ḅ-.b$ᔜḄdᨵᡠfg஺4hiEjḄklm3nᙠopqrᨵ┝tᘤ஺ᡠv┝tᘤwg3xyz{ᑴvᔜy}-Ḅg~஺xyzᕜfklᨬ᠒ḄḄ┝tᘤḄt?q8⌕ὃ⇋xyzᑮᔜ┝tᘤMtᙠ஺ᡠvḄᑖd┝tᘤᦪḄ=ᜧᡈᢣ--.bḄEᙠ3ldᑖPᔢ᳛STḄᜐ஺2.-.ḄᑖfgḄl5-.M:fgḄᑖ஺¡¢ᔣ¤᡽¦8ᔣ᡽¦Ḅ§¨MᑖNᙠ_`)©fgªᵨḄ-.b஺ᡠ¬ᔣ¤᡽¦ᢣḄG3~ᙢᑖHḄglᙢ¯°Pᔢ᳛Ld3~ST஺±᝞Mv!5-11$Ḅ"ᑖ᪆"8"᡻:"²ᑖ஺"᡻:"Ḅᑖᢣ³8᡻:Ḅfg=fg஺±᝞´µ¶M3~ᑖᡂ"·▤m"ஹ"5▤"ஹ"¹ᦪº¶"ஹ"»¼ᓄ"4஺ḄᑖGv¶rᜓ4¿ÀḄ஺±᝞"·▤m"8"¹ᦪº¶"⌕ᵨᑮ¶Áᘤ4Â◤ᑖrÄ▤ṹ¶Áᘤ8¹ᦪ¶ÁᘤW"5▤"8"»¼ᓄ"⌕ᵨᑮÅÆᘤ◤rÄ;ᝅÅÆᘤ஺rᜓḄ¶fÈᡂɶÊ{ᑴËÌᩖ஺Îo1ᐰ☠ÑÌrÄᝅᑖ᪆8᡻:ᩭSTᢣḄÓ:lºYrᜓÔḄ¶⌕°஺ᑖÓfGÕÖ᛻Ḅ418

172ªØÙᘤᦪḄdᡂÉSTஹÚÛᜧஹ{ᑴÌᩖஹᵯ¨8ÝÞßàopUᑖḄᜐ஺ᡠváâ_`)³ª-.ᑖᒘḄᦪä°ᨵå10Ḅ஺-.ᢥᜐᳮḄªMᑖ4ªஹᜐᳮ)ª8©ª஺ª-.Gᢣ᪀ᡂᑁḄᔜḄ-.᝞é`ᘤᑁ´µ¶Ḅ-.ஹCacheᑁ8êÓ:ëtᑁḄ-.஺ᜐᳮ)ª-.Gᢣ᪀ᡂᜐᳮ)ḄᔜqḄ-.᝞"?ᢣ"ஹ"ᑖ᪆"ஹ"᡻:"Ḅ-.஺©ª-.Gᢣ᪀ᡂ_`)©Ḅᜐᳮ)qḄ-.Êì4í-.஺-.bᐹᨵ³Ḅ°Mvᑖ4ᓫ³-.b8³-.b஺³-.bᢣḄGg3-.bḄᔜðqMvᨵñfgḄòó\]vñfgḄé`ᡈ³஺ᢥ³-.bḄᔜðᔲᐕögᵨñfg³òó-.M-.bᑖ4☟᝱-.b8ù᝱-.b஺☟᝱-.bᙠú3ᑁᔜðûᢥ3ñ³òó-.ûᨵ-.bᐰ-üýᑗᣚᡂᢥ஺᪵ᢣᐭḄḄᢣ!"ᢵ$☟᝱'Ḅᦔ஺)ᐭḄ*+ஹ-.ஹ*+ஹ-.……0Ḅᢣ☟᝱'Ḅᦔ123ᑮ56789Ḅ:⌕<஺=>ᙠ☟᝱'@AB,⌕DE7ᕒGᑴ$IᡈGKE7LᡂMḄE7NOPQ᦮ᡂᨵTUḄᢣVWXᐸḄᦔ஺Z᝱'Ḅᔜ\ᙠ0ᑁPᢥ^ᡈ஺᝞`5-13ᡠbᔜ\ᙠ0cde\ᢥ*f+ge\ᓾᙠᢥ-.஺᪵^⌕Dᐭ'ḄᢣijᨵḄkWXḄlᔢ᳛opᜓḄᑭᵨ᳛஺t᪵uᑴvᩖᡂxX஺`5-13ᡠby☟᝱oZ᝱U'Ḅz`{BPV|$}~ᙠ89oឋḄ<஺ᜧUᦪXឋᜐᳮAᵨU☟᝱,19

173=yᐸuᑴo5஺{ஹᑖḄf|☟᝱'Uᙢ+ᑮVᓄuᑴZ᝱'ᑣUᙢ+ᑮuᑴVWXḄᦔ஺᪗A¡ᨵᔣᦪ£⊤b¥ᵨ᪗¦§89ᩭᜐᳮᔣoᦪ©᝞Amdahl470V/6ª«☢⌕®ḄIBM360/91஺ᔣAᢣḄ@Aᨵᔣᦪ£⊤bp¯ᨵᔣᢣoᔣᙢᜐᳮᔣoᦪ©BḄᔜ°ᐗ²஺ᔣAᔣᦪ£⊤boᢈ´Ḅµᔠ᝞«☢⌕®ḄCRAY-L{'Bᔜ\·0ᔲᨵ¹✄»¼Ḅ½¾PV'ᑖy'ឋ'oi170

174'ឋ'஺'ᔜ\¿ᔜ\¥ÀÁ¡ᨵ¹✄»¼ḄÃy'ឋ'Ä'◀ᨵ¿ḄƼ:ᨵ¹✄»¼ÇÈÉÀ'◤UÂÀÁd°\ᡈËÁde\ᑣÃyi'ឋ'஺5.2.2᪗'ḄÏ⌕ឋ᪗ᜐᳮAḄឋÏ⌕lᔢ᳛Tpஹ+Ò5Spoᦔ᳛Ô1.lᔢ᳛Tpo+Ò5Splᔢ᳛'ᓫ×0c$ḄÈÉᦪᡈµØᦪ஺ᙠ`5-12ᡠbḄ'BᔜÚÁEÀÁḄ0A4Ý₹«'ß◞áâãᩩᢣᐸᨬᜧlᔢ᳛Tpmaxy1/▭ᔜ°ÚÁE¿Ḅ^ᡠÀÁḄ0k^-ᡠVᙠÚÁE0p¯ëì┝îᘤðᔜ┝îᘤñòó஺òᕜõ1ö÷ø'Ḅᨬᜧlᔢ᳛ùúû}ËÔËü஺᝞Øᔜ°ÚÁEᡠ◤Ḅ0ᑖýyMஹAGஹ&3A3ᕜmax^tᓽ₹tḄᨬᜧᔢ᳛Tmax-----------------------------------/?maxmaxN2A4h}▲!"ᨬ᠒$%&'%Ḅ(஺!"'%(ᨬ*Ḅ$%&+,⚠$%&஺2.ᦔ᳛!Ḅᦔ᳛1ᢣ!"3ᜓḄ5▭7ᵨ(ᓰ᦮;<=(>?@A+!3ᜓḄ(ᑭᵨ᳛஺ᵫ!DᙠᨵGH(᣸J(KᨬLM;NO!ᐭᑮ!RḄ(S@TU@ᙠVWXᡂn;NOḄ([@ᔜ]^_`1ab₹cdḄ஺᝞f1ឋ!ஹNO(_hᐵjᔜ]'%Ḅ(hk@ᑣᙠT([@!ᔜ171

175]Ḅᦔ᳛mhk@ᙳ5,ᓽḄ0n=é2='••=y=-^-=-77\=ri°mT/n+n-1+᦮¥ëìḄᦔ᳛T+712++l7mmVomnA%l77=-------------------------------------------=y=-^r'mm0mlo"@ᑖqmT1Jr"m;]!`(TᡠtᡂḄ☢vwᑖ$mn^t,1Jrn"n;NO5▭7ᵨḄ☢v஺TU@xJryz@ᦔ᳛5▭y{1n;NOᓰᵨḄJ|☢vm;]`ḄJ|☢v>?஺}ᯠ@ᨵn>>m@”1஺kzR@ឋ!j]'%(h@NO(hᐵ@!Ḅᦔ᳛?ᔢ᳛,ᓽ:nkஹn=0T஻M+1Sᯠ@ឋ!@ᡈឋ!ᔜ]'%Ḅ(_ᡈNO(ᨵhᐵ@?Ḅᐵ{_Dᙠ@U%5▭cdḄJrRᔢ᳛ᦔ᳛஺Mᦔ᳛ஹJr"ḄJ¡|@ᡠ¢£Ḅ¤¥A¦ᔢ᳛§ᩭ©ᜐ஺5.2.3᪗¬!Ḅhᐵᜐᳮ¯ᑴ᪀᪗¬!ᨵVW_²ᙢ!´@_Rµ²!@¶·ᦔ᳛஺⌼ᡂ!²!@◀º»¼ᡂḄ½᪗&¾_¿ᢵ!Á᪀Ḅdᵨ@ᡈDÂÃÄ_yVW!´ᡠ◤ḄᢣÆÇdᦪ᜜@ᵫRµhᐵ"²஺ᙠ5.1⁚"ËÌ%ÍÎÏoḄÐÑᢣÆÒÓḄhᐵஹᢣÆhᐵஹÔDÇdᦪhᐵஹᵨÕDᘤ×ᦪhᐵØÙᙬÛᡈÜᙬÛhᐵ஺Ýhᐵk᪵A¦Rµᙠ!ᘤ"஺ᵫ!1kßàáâᩩᢣÆ@TU@hᐵäå?ÍÎᘤḄáæᩖஹáèÍ@᝞fᜐᳮ_@{¦}℉êë!ᦔ᳛஺172

176᝞f!ᘤḄÐÑᩩìṹ1ᵫᩩìÐÑᢣÆîïᡈ1ᵫðḄñMᩩᢣƼᡂ@ᑣᨵòᢣÆ!R!GHÐÑᩩì@^óUôõöᩩᢣÆḄᙢᙬ஺÷øxᢣÆùᐭ!ஹ»ṹRð1ᩩìÐÑᢣÆúûð!RḄ᦮;(@!{_üW!ᐭýᢣÆ஺þÐÑᡂÿᔣḄ᪗ᢣᙠᢣᑁ◤⌕ᢣ஺ᢣᐸḄᢣ!"ᙠᐵὶ%!&'()ᐸ⌼ᡂḄ,-.ᘤḄ0ᔢ᳛ᦔ᳛45Ḅ67⌕8ᢣ9ᐵஹ;<=ᦪ9ᐵ?ᵨAᘤBᦪ9ᐵCDᙬFᡈHᙬF9ᐵIJKᡠMNOPᐰRឋ9ᐵ஺TὅV679ᐵḄWᩩᡈYᩩᢣᨬK67-[\]^_=Ḅ`aᦋᢣc⚜ᑮḄᢣ67fRgḄᡠMNOPRgឋ9ᐵ஺1.Rgឋ9ᐵḄᜐᳮᢣ9ᐵஹ<=ᦪ9ᐵ?ᵨAᘤBᦪ9ᐵkRgឋ9ᐵlfᵫnᙠ.ᘤ'()ḄKᩩᢣ!"opq,'r;ᓫᐗᡈAᘤ⌕u"ᐜᑏy"஺z.ᘤᜐᳮ{]Rgឋ9ᐵḄ|}ᨵW஺rf`ᢣ,9ᐵᓫᐗḄyᙠᐜḄᢣᑏᐭᡂ;rf9ᐵ?9ᐵ?〈ᐭᡠ◤g஺ᐜᑏᐭ9ᐵᓫᐗ9ᐵᓫᐗoᩭᵨTḕ"ᑏᐭ""yo"Wᕜ,-[Ḅ¡k஺ᵫn-fzḄ¢ᵭ¤¥¦W|}'᪵¨〉ᵨn-.ᘤ஺⚪f-[ᨵK«¬Kᩩᢣ'ᜐᙠ'«¬¥()஺᝞¯ᑨ±ᐭ-[ḄKᩩᢣ!"fᔲ9ᐵ᝞¯³ᑴ`,9ᐵᓫᐗḄy᝞¯9ᐵ?µ³ᑴ9ᐵ?Ḅ¶?·{]⚪¸(¹º»a%³ᑴ.᪀HJ᩽ᐸ¾ᩖ஺᜜ÁÂᙠ-[cÃÄḄÅ᣸³ᑴÇMᨵW|È஺rfÉÁÂÊᢣËo-[ḄÃÄÌᢝÎÏ-[ḄÃÄrÐOPÃÄ|Èᡈ'Ñ|ÈÒrfÉo-[ḄÁÂÊᢣËÃÄÇMᐭ-[ḄÃÄ'OPÓÑ|È஺173

1774☢ÕÖIBM360/91×Ø᡻ÚgḄ9ᐵᜐᳮ³ᑴ.᪀஺IBM360/91ḄcÛᜐᳮ.fᵫᢣᜐᳮgஹ;³ᑴgஹ±Ø᡻Úg×Ø᡻ÚgBᡂḄ஺ᢣᜐᳮgM-|È_=ÜÝᵫ;orᩩᢣ〈ᐭᢣ஺'ᢥᐜßᐜo|Èᢣ·ᢣᑮᢣAᘤ⚜ᜐᳮᑖá〈â±Øᡈ×Ø᡻ÚgḄ<=ãä஺ᢣᨬKÇ⚜8ᩩåæçèᢣ஺±Ø᡻Úg×Ø᡻ÚgÇMµÚ_=ᑖá⚜ᜐᳮ¬Ḅᢣ<=ãMᐜßᐜo|È-ᙢoêṹ᡻Ú஺ì5-14ᡠífIBM360/91×Ø᡻ÚgḄ᪀᪾ì஺×Ø<=ᦪäᘤÊFLBᦈäᩭð;Ḅ<=ᦪ஺⌕ᑏᐭñᘤḄòóN〈ᑮñᦪôäᘤÊSDBcä஺×Ø᡻ÚgcḄ×Øõ}ᘤ×Øö/◀}ᘤlf-[&'µÚ_=஺×Ø<=ãÊFloatingPointOperandStack,FLOSäḄ×Ø<=ùúÈP<=ü1ḄËü2ᐸc<=ÇMf×Øõஹஹöஹ◀Òü1ᢣýþü<=ᦪḄ×ØAᘤÊFLRḄÿḄḄᘤḄ2ᢣᘤ〈ᩭḄᦪᘤFLBḄ஺!ᑖ#FLR$FLB%ᦪ&〈ᐭ()*+ᡈ-/◀)*+0ᐭ1Ḅ23஺()ᘤ*+Ḅ0ᐭ14ᨵ3623ᓽA1~A3;-/◀)ᘤ*+Ḅ0ᐭ14ᨵ8623Ml$M2,ᑖ#ᵨ:;Ḅ3᪗=஺23ᵫ?ᑴAᑖ?ᑴB⌕DEF623Ḅ86ᦪGᑮIJ*+KLMNOPQᐭ*+ᔣS*T஺UVWXᵨYZ*T[\]Ḅ஺ᵫ^_`1ḄUVabQᐭ8ᩩ*+Ḅ_`defᦪgᐵḄᭆ᳛WklḄ஺4k+i⊤nkdoabᙠ*+*TḄqiᩩᢣ`ᑣB⌕k+iḄs1skḄḄF᪵Nuef"ᐜᑏoy"gᐵk+iḄḄskḄ1F᪵Nuef"ᐜyoᑏ"gᐵk+iḄḄsḄḄF᪵Nuef"ᑏ-ᑏ"gᐵ஺{NW|174

178B⌕abQᐭ*+Ḅᔜ6_`ᵨaF6FLRḄNuefgᐵ஺᪵ᑨ#gᐵᕖ᝞Qᐭ*+Ḅᔜ6_`%ᐸ1$Ḅᙢᙬ⌲6kᑖ᪆WᔲᨵgᐵP^gᐵP;Wᔲ◤⌕oP%oᜐᳮ,ᯠW¢£¤Ḅ஺IBM360/91Xᵨ¥¦6ᘤ{§4¨F6"©ª"ᩭᑨ#gᐵ஺B⌕«6ᘤPR,ᙠᵨN%ᐸ"©ª"¨¬"1",Fᵨ®¯ᓽ%ᐸ¨ᡂ஺UV±«6_`◤⌕ᵨᵯ³´Nᐜµᐸ“©ª"Wᔲ¬"V,±¬"1"N⊤nefgᐵ஺·¸4¨23"3"¹K$ᙠgᐵoºᦋ3ᩭoᜐᳮ?ᑴgᐵ¼½·¾Ḅ¿½஺Àᐳᦪ&(CommonDataBus,CDB)NWF[\Ḅgᐵ¼½·¾OP¬Ã$Ã6Äagᐵᡠᐳᵨ·¸¥Äa3ᩭ?ᑴᐸÄa¿½஺站MI站号为1M2站号为A—站10012站A站A3一íO2WFLBD〈îMlḄ(Æ5-14IBM360/91Ḅ᡻ÈAÉ᪀175

179ËᙠPFLOSÌÍ〈ADDF2,FLB1(F2)+(FLB1)-F2MDF2,FLB2(F2)*(FLB1)—F2Î8ᩩ_`¬Ï|᪵ᑨ#efgᐵP᪵?ᑴo$gᐵ¼½·¾Ḅ¿½஺¢Î8ᩩ_`YZ*Tb"ᐜᑏoy"ஹ"ᑏ-ᑏ"ஹ"ᐜyoᑏ"3gᐵGuef஺ÑFLOS〈ADDF2,FLB1_`b,?ᑴᵫFLRÒÓ(F2),ᵫFLBÒÓ(FLB〈Ô()ᘤ23஺Ï᝞,〈ÔA1,ab¯ᓽ%F2Ḅ"©ª"¨¬"1",PᢣÕᘤḄᑁ×Ø〈Ô23³ÙÚÛÎ᪵F2Ḅᑁ×ÜÄÝᐸÞ_`ᦪyᵨ஺ᵫ^F2ÎbØᡂ¬"Ḅ"ᘤßᜓ½ᦈᵫ()ᘤâᩭḄÚÛUV%F2Ḅ"3"¹K¨ᡂWA1Ḅ3"1010",P?ᑴã3¬1010Ḅ23A1ᙠ()*+*ḄCDB〈äF2஺F〈äᓽ%F2Ḅ"©ª"$"3"G¨ᡂ"0",PåF2,¬#Ḅ_`ᵨ஺æ⚪WÑF2Ḅ"©ª"¬"1",è()éê()*+*bFLOSë〈_`MDF2,FLB2ᵫìṹ?ᑴîïæF2Ò1ᦪbᵫ^ᐸ"©ª"¬"1",⊤ËF2gᐵ஺VbNļ½%F2〈Ô-)ᘤ23èᦋ¬ãðᙠF2Ḅ"3"¹KḄ3A1(ᓽ1010,ᢣF2ñᨵᑁ×Ḅᩭ)〈ÔMlḄ"13"ãF2ᑁḄ3ᵫAl(lOlO)ᦋ¬MI(IOOO),Pᢣñᦋ¬êMl½ᦈÚÛ஺ÎF¸ó᝞Æ5-14ôõ[Ḅöᡠ17

180n஺Î᪵Ñ()ᘤ÷Al3Ḅú1üஹú2üQÈg(CDB〈〈ᑮF2,〈MlA1Q010Ḅ!1"ᑖ$%&'$ᐵ')஺+,ᘤᙠMlḄ!1ஹ!20ᨵ2ᑁ4567+,89:$%&;5$+Ḅ᡻=஺+>ᑣ@CDB〈C""MIQOOOḄF2Gᘤ஺ᙠH,ᘤI+ஹ◀,ᘤKᐭMNOPQRSTU"VWᙠXPYZ[\ᡈ^$ᐵ◤;5᡻=ᡈ^᡻=`abcdeᡂghijkFLOSᦈYZ[\^opqrs8tuvwZḄ஺xy᪗{89|}~"ឋ$ᐵḄᜐᳮᵨ:vᑖuvᑴᳮᒹy$ᐵḄᑨ⌕☠ᑖ&ᔜGᘤḄ"᪗ᩭᳮᙠᑖᦣ&ᔜ89:ḄᐭஹᜐMNᩭ¡ᵨᑴ¢ᐳᦪ¥:Ḅ¦Z$ᐵ§ᵨ')Q¨WOP©aªḄ$ᐵᡠᐳᵨ¬®¯$ᐵᵨ°ᣚᩭ;5Iᑴ$ᐵ§ᵨ')Ḅ¦²ᵨOᩩ89:´ᩩ89:µᨵO¶q·®¯$ᐵ5WqᵨrsḄ8tuv஺ᵨᑖvᑴuvᜧᜧ¹ᓄ2»¼O½$ᐵ¾O¿$ᐵḄᜐᳮp⌕ÀÁv᝞CDC-6600ᮣÆÇᜐᳮhÈÉ஺^oᜧOᦪ89|ᘤ0ᵨÊË&IBM360/91Ḅᑖvᑴuv஺2.ᐰ~ឋ$ᐵḄᜐᳮᐰ~ឋ$ᐵᢣḄÒᐭ89:ḄÓÔᢣ\ÕᐸᩩVÓÔᢣ\Iᐸ5jᢣ\¨`$ᐵ஺1Qᵨ×Ø,2HÙIÚÛÜᡂᩩVṹÞÙஹÞßàáᩩVṹq·ÚÛâ⍝8ᔣåPᑖæçᨵᑭ&89|ᘤ¹ᓄ}ᩩVÓ177

181ÔḄᜐᳮ஺RWqkêu☢ìíî஺u☢HÙᓫᩩᢣ\ᑁ"ᩩVṹḄÜᡂðᢣ\᡻=eÚÛÜᡂñ᧜TUḄᩩVṹ஺óu☢ᙠôªõᑁÚÛÜᡂᩩVṹRᱯ÷〉ᔠ&úûüªõᙠᑨúûᔲijḄÓÔþÿ஺᝞FORTRANDO᡻ᑮ⌕ᦪ1,᝞ᩭḄOᔲᑣ!"#᡻$%&'ᵨl(DEC))*+,ᩩ.!/(NE)1ᩩᢣ3ᩭ45஺(3)6789!/%:ᵨ;.<=>☟᝱ᢣ3ABḄᢈD஺*EFGH.ᙠJKLᡂN᪗ᢣ3PQR!/ᢣ3SᐸU☢*WᐵḄYᩩᡈ[ᩩᢣ3\ᣚ^_`ᡂa!/:89ᑮᙠ%Yᩩᡈ[ᩩᢣ3᡻bcd>஺%᪵fg!/⌼ᡂḄijឋlmᜫoᑮO஺(4)GpqPQḄᜐᳮY:ftRuBv,ᢣwxyḄqPQ᦮{Yឋ|ᐭᢣwᑁᨚ⚜7ᢣ3᡻ᵫ,ᢣ3⚜7ᢣw◤᡻Ḅᢣ3ᣵo7ᢣḄᦪ:ᵫ,ᑖᭆ᳛`Ḅᩩ.!/ᢣ3ឤᑖoᩩ.ᑖ⌼ᡂijiḄ¡஺᝞IBM360/91¢£¤Y¥¦_"ᔣc8ᩩ"ª«ḄH.!ᔣ#ᙬ"®¯Sᩩ.!/ᢣ3b°W◞*²³8ᩩᢣ3Rᐸ°Ḅᢣ3ᐰµ/ᐭᢣw¶⚜7·ᢣ3¢£¤¥¦_“<¹"º»¼᝱gḄᩩ.!/ᢣ3½ᔣPQḄ¾஺67%¿ÀÁcfgijGp1/3~3/4஺3.ijᘤḄᜐᳮ¡ÄÅijiÆ5ᭆ᳛Çᩩ.!/Ḅᭆ᳛⌕ÈÉ[¯Ê:ËÌLḄ஺ᡠtijᘤ⌕:᝞ÎᜐᳮÏ¥5ÐḄÑ)ឮÓ*:᝞ÎÔqijḄi°஺178

182ᙠ᡻ᢣ3iᨵ¥Ö×:ᙠᢣ3i᡻┑■Úᢣ3i+1ÛÜݾ᡻Ḅᙢ<Æijᘤ:ßàá[ᩩᢣ3ᢣ3i+1,i+2,...,flâ>ᐭijµᑖàá஺,ãäiåij%¿ᢣ3ᨵ¿flâiᑮᢣ3iḄU☢#஺æçḄijᘤ᝞IBM360/91,èᓄᜐᳮ6ᵨ"*êë¥"=஺ìíᢣ3iᙠijḄîYïÌLÜ>ᐭijḄcðᢣ3*d>ᐭñᙠijḄᢣ3òóðiôᯠcö!÷ᜐᳮPQ஺%᪵¥*Yø:i,Ófl:i+1,i+2ᡈi+3,…ᓽ¥:*êëḄ஺úᢣ3iᙠ¤1ïû×¥ö:êëḄ஺"*êë¥"=*ᑭ,JP)PQḄ᣸┯஺cᩭḄijᘤ[ᦪ6ᵨ"ê륔,᝞Amdahl470V/6஺ᢣiᙠᜐᳮḄᐰiḄi!ᐭḄᢣḄ#ᨵ%&'(ឮ*஺",-.”◤1234!56'ᘤ8&9ᑁᔜᩩᢣḄ#ᨵ%&'(ឮ*஺᝞=ᡠ?@A6'ᘤB"ᢣ*᡻"ᡠD◤Ḅ஺4.FឋḄHIᵫKឋᙠ᡻LMNOPQᢣஹSTUḄVᔜᙳXYVZ[\M]^8_N`ḄOP〈ᐭ@AOPbcdᵨfN஺Fឋᑣbf஺[hi12ᨵj✄lmNOPᙠḄᐰV^%c4ZYVfᡈoVpA஺@᪵᝞rM]ᔣ〈ᐭN`ḄOP_ctu4NOPdᵨfv%Ḅwᵨxyz஺⌕|btuxy}~i◞〉Ḅ]ᦪ!ᔣ〈ᐭNOP஺i◞]〈NOPbtuv%wᵨxy%wᨵḄᔢ᳛(ᦔ᳛HI⌕Ḅ⚪஺HI4v%᝱f᪵⌕ᔲᑣv%ᑗᣚBctuv%wᵨxy஺179

1835.3ᢣI¡LḄ¢ᜐᳮ£¤¥20¦§80¨©RISCᐶ«!¬®ᢣ¡LḄឋ%¢ᜐᳮ£¯ᓫᜐᳮ£ᙠMN±ᕜ³´^µ4ᩩᢣ஺©⊤ឋḄ·¸¢᪗ºQSuperscalarᜐᳮ£ஹ¢»ᢣ¼QVUWᜐᳮ£ஹ¢QSuperpipeliningᜐᳮ£(¢᪗º¢ᜐᳮ£஺5.3.1¢᪗ºᜐᳮ£Ꮇ1ᩩᢣᒹ¿ÀᢣஹÁṹஹ᡻Lஹ'Ãr4N¸VMN¸VÄVih&஺ÆÇḄ᪗ºᓫᜐᳮ£ᙠMNȳiµÉᩩᢣ᝞Ê5-15ᡠË஺᡻LÉ12ᩩᢣᐳ◤15&஺Í@ΣḄIm=l஺'Ãr123456789101112—᡻L123456789101]12111Áṹ12345678910111211111Àᢣ123456789101112111012345678910II12131415i4Ê5-15ÆÇQIm=lḄ᪗º£ÏÊ¢᪗ºᜐᳮ£Ðᵨ4ᢣMN&f¬mᩩᢣQÍhIm஺Imh3Ḅ¢᪗ºᜐᳮ£ÏÊ᝞Ê5-16ᡠËM3ᩩᢣhÑ᡻LÉ12ᩩᢣX◤74஺ᙠ¢᪗ºᜐᳮ£Ò24ᝅv%ஹᢣÁṹᵯm(4ÑÕ6'ᘤBᜓᨵ4N×Ø(4ÑÕ஺ÙLᵫᢣÁṹÚÛÜÀ¬Ḅᢣiᔲ'ᙠᦪÝÞᐵ(v%dᵨ_^¡LḄÞàᢣ〈á஺â¡LIh1}⌲ᩩ᡻L஺180

184Ê5-16Im=3Ḅ¢᪗ºᜐᳮ£ÏÊ¢᪗ºᜐᳮ£FÆ〉ᔠKåæçèᔣºᡈçèé▣@ë᪗ºìí⚪[hîïᵨᔣºᜐᳮ£å3bðñ஺5.3.2¢»ᢣ¼ᜐᳮ£¢»ᢣ¼QVUWÃ᪀_óôõṹ(¢᪗ºᜐᳮöὅÞÃᔠ஺ᢣ¼»^øᦪùú4Nv%¡tûTᐳüᜧþº6'ᘤᚮ஺᪗ᜐᳮḄᙠᢣᙠḄឋ᡻Ḅ"ᐵᡈ%ᐵḄ&'ᐜ)*+ᔠᙠ-./ᡂ-ᩩᨵ&'3Ḅ4ᢣ஺56ᵨ89ᡈ:9ᩭ<=ᐸឋ?@ᵫBᩩ4CᢣDᑴFGH"IJKḄL9&'஺M&'3DᑴᐸHḄ-L9"NOᙠ᡻ᩩᢣ஺PQ:9R᪀TᢣUVWᓫ-Yᓫᢣ&'ṹᦪ\ḄUVR᪀]SIMOMD,OSIMDFG஺^5-17aᡠ`aᐺcḄVLIWᜐᳮTᢣdef^5-17bᡠ`agm=3Ḅhij^kl74m181

185oᑮ4x3Rq஺BYR᪀ᨬᐜ1983stuὤwᜧyḄFisher•ᦟᣴ}Ḅ஺4ᢣCᜐᳮḄ~Mᩩᢣᡠ◤ᦪ᪗ᜐᳮḄᢣṹ᧕᪗&'Ḅឋᢣឋ஺⚪VLIWᜐᳮᔲᡂᜧgOṹ)*Ḅᦔ᳛ᐸR᪀Ḅ᪗ṹ-ḄFGᢣC4&'3de¡k¢ᢣCHḄ£C3¤ᨵ&'¥¥¦§¨©ªjR᪀«᝞᪗ᜐᳮḄ®஺¯¢FG°F±ᐜ²¡UVR᪀6°F,´VLIWᜐᳮᩭµᵫOUVR᪀ᐵU¶¢·ᑗ¹ὅ»¼°F½¾´¿V:9T89ḄPᜧ〉ᵨO-ḄÁᵨ⚞Ã஺ᡠÄVLIWR᪀ḄÅÆÇḄᓾÉÄᡂaFGḄÊh஺20ËÌ80sÍÎÏVLIWÊ⌕ᵨO▬ᢞeᦪ+ᜐᳮÓÔᙠ«ᨵᵨOÕஹ×cÓḄ஺b)^5-17VLIWᜐᳮa)VLIWᜐᳮ+ᡂTᢣdeb)gm=3Ḅ᡻j182

186ᐺcḄ4ᢣCᜐᳮᨵMultiflowØÙḄTARCEFGTCydromeØÙḄCydra5FGMᩩᢣC4a256Ú᡻7Y&'஺5.3.3hiÛᜐᳮhiÛᜐᳮO᪗ᜐᳮTVLIWᜐᳮM&ÝÞh-ᩩᢣ,ßàḄATáÕ-âgamḄhiÛᜐᳮḄÞãäᘤᕜÏçḄ1/m஺PQ-ᩩᢣ◤èkm&Ḅka-ᩩᢣᡠéḄãäᘤᕜÏᦪ஺Þ⌕hiÛឋoÄᐙᑖᢵᐸgíîm஺᪗ᜐᳮᑭᵨðñòó°ô᡻L9õ©ᘤᚮ÷ø஺hiÛᜐᳮᑣḼòឋᙠØᐳḄ:9ÓüᵨýḄþᕜÏÿᩭ◤ᵨ⚣᳛100~500MHz஺ᨵᑴᜐᳮḄ஺᝞"#$ᨵA:%Ḅmᜐᳮ᡻'(Nᩩᢣ+Ḅ,-N—1./&m5.3.4᪗3ᜐᳮ᪗3ᜐᳮ᪗34ᜐᳮḄ5ᔠ஺ᙠ#8஺.9:;஻஻=>?@kᩩᢣ+.᪗3=ABC>?,┯E&■.=G:BHIJ@nkᩩᢣ+ᓽL'm=km஺183

187ூN⁚PQ௃1ஹ()ᓫW,XYJḄZ[ᦪᡈ5"ᦪ^Aஹ_ᔢ᳛Bஹa᳛Cஹbc᳛Dஹᦔ᳛eᫀgAhig_ᔢ᳛ᓫW,XYJḄZ[ᦪᡈ5"ᦪ^஺2ஹ#84%ḄjkᐭmnoᓄqraB%st,10ms,kJuvwxyk10ᐭᡈz5"ᨚ|:}~|ᘤcᨬ◤s,YJ£4,LJ஺eᫀgᢥ((((A1+A2)+(A3+A4))+(A9+A10))+((A5+Ag)+(A7+Ag)))Ḅ,᝞▬18ᡠ%1704kᐭ10I/•IkJ10▬818ð¥ëḄñò810ᵫ▬18u£ὡḄᨬ,-170ms஺7=1184

1883ஹᵫ48YᡂB8YḄ,-&,Gkᐭ108ᦪ,w5&kᐭ108ᦪ᝞ᕜ¡ឋᙢ¤¥Ḅ_ᔢ᳛LJᐸ஺eᫀgᢥ⚪¨u48YḄᐵª᝞▬15ᡠᡠ«ᢥᕜ¡ឋ¤¥Ḅ¬ᙳ_ᔢ᳛-g_10_57°-14&#⊈185

189¯6Nᔣ3ᜐᳮᔣ3ᜐᳮᨵᔣ3ᦪ⊤Ḅᜐᳮᑖᜐᳮ³▣ᑡᜐ¶·¸஺ᔣ3ᜐᳮ«¹º»⌶½E>ḄA▣ᑡᜐ¾¿NᐜhÁᔣ3Ḅᜐᳮஹᔣ3ᜐᳮ5᪀ÃᐸឋYḄÄᓄ⚪ᯠhÁ▣ᑡᜐᳮḄÆᳮஹL'ÇஹÈÉÊËÃL'|ÌᘤḄÍÎ⚪ᨬÏÁᾭÑ▣ᑡᜐᳮḄÆᳮ³ÒᵨᾭÑ▣ᑡ5᪀஺6.1ᔣ3Ḅᜐᳮ4ᔣ3ᜐᳮᵫ:ᔣ3ᑁᔜᐗÖ.ᑖ3=×ᐵØ#Ù᡻'Ú#ÛÜ¥Ý᧕>ᢵḄᦔYàuzᔣ3ᦪ⊤³5ᔠ᪀ᡂᔣ3ᜐᳮ«☢ᔣᔣ3ᦪâǸ}ᵨḄâÇḄឋY஺6.1.1ᔣ3Ḅᜐᳮ³ᔣ3Ḅᜐᳮãᯠᔣ3äÇå᪗3äÇæ᧕>ᢵJḄᦔYç᝞"ᜐᳮèé⌱ëìGíì'஺⌱ëᔣ3äÇᨬYᐙᑖ>ᢵJᦔYḄᜐᳮèéïᔣ3Ḅᜐᳮ⌕ẆòḄ⚪஺óô³ᡠõᵨâÇḄ5᪀ᨵᐵ஺ìÚḄᔣ3ᜐᳮèéö÷ᜐᳮḄ5᪀ஹᡂJìÚḄ⌕A5᪀³ᡂìÚḄᔣ3ᜐᳮøtᩭíö⌕õᵨìÚḄᔣ3ᜐᳮèé஺ூù௃âÇD=Ax+B+C3,ᐸcAஹBஹCஹDúᨵN8ᐗÖḄᔣ3}ûõᵨüýèéᜐᳮYᐙᑖ>ᢵḄᦔYþ᝞"õᵨ⌲DᔣᐗḄᓽaiஹbi2cᐗ<,a,b,i+1i+1ci2di+i2ᜐᳮᔣᜐᳮ஺ᔣᜐᳮ!ᙠ᪗ᜐᳮ$i+%ᵨ'()*+,-ᓾ/01234526஺78diᐗḄ9:◤⌕ᵨᑮ>ஹ?@ᩩᢣCᑖEFGbi+G-kHkஹaᔆ5஺JK᦮M:N◤ᵨOᓫᐗᩭRSTUV18

190-W⚣YZ,ᐜᑏ]^Ḅ_`ᦪbᐵ8dNᨵf>UVZᩭghij?7k2Ḅlᔢ᳛Wop஺᝞VᙠASCuvh☟᝱2$%+,y|Jஹ?bTḄM:8d|}FG23vhᑗᣚ23Ḅlᔢ᳛W*᡻GḄ⌕஺Nᨵᵨ᦮ᔣᢥb_`|᡻G]᡻GEḄ_`ghᙢᢵ2ᜐᳮḄᦔh஺,ᜐᳮᦋᐜ᡻Gbi+Ci-ki=l,…N,᡻Gkxai-di=l,…N,ᜐᳮ§ᔣᚖ©ᜐᳮ஺ᙠ9:B+C7ᔣBஹCḄᡠᨵᐗ|᡻GbḄ>_`¬bᐵ23h4526®k1ᐸᦔh}0ᢵ஺9:k*A᝞±஺vhᑗᣚ²ᐳN◤FGOd஺ᙠASC2$%´%µᔣM:ᵫᔣᜐᳮᦋ§ᔣᜐᳮᔣḄ2ᜐᳮ23h8·2ZOUVᐗC.ᯠkNᨵᙠ23ºᐭ¼h8·}ᡂᐗḄ¾¿ogh8·}OUVᐗ஺ᵫ!NÀÁWÂÃÄÅḄᔣ$NÆᔣM:ᢣCḄÇᔣHÈḄᔣ|RᙠÉSᵨ☢ᔣËᘤ-ËᘤÍU᪀Ḅ23ᜐᳮ$஺ᙠ$ᘤ%ÏÐÑ℉ÓÔÉÕ2ᜐᳮ$TḄÖ×2ghØᢝ234526஺7±20ÜÝ70ßàáâÜḄSTAR-100ÆÉæ9ᡂ32èéê¬8èḄᦪëìí8ïïð64ó01ᐸᨬᜧÖ×2öᑮ8÷200Mï஺ÉùúûûSüᜐᳮ$ᡠ1ᵨýuþ⍝⌕ᵨ஺⌕ᔣᐗḄᔣᐗḄ᧕Ḅ஺ᙠ!"#$ᐭஹ$'(Ḅ)*+ᨬ-Ḅ.ᫀ஺0Ḽ2345ᘤ7ᱏ9:Ḅᢝ<=>20AB70DEFGHAḄCRAY-1ᔣ!"ᜐᳮQᦋᡂT!"#$ᐭஹ$'(ᑮVWᜧḄᔣYᘤZ>[ᵨ☢ᔣYᘤ-Yᘤ]᪀Ḅ!"#ᜐᳮQ஺ᔣYᘤZ_`a[ᵨᡂZb〈஺d᪵fg-ᙢijk!!"#Ḅᜐᳮl᳛ᓛoḄpq஺rᔣḄst/Vws>x'kᔣYᘤZFYᘤḄyᦪ>{|}ᔣᑖᒘᡂr187

191Z>ZᔣYᘤZF஺d᪵>Zᑁᙳᢥᔣ.ᜐᳮ>ZZ`aᑣ[ᵨ.*ᑴḄ.ᜐᳮ஺ᡃdᜐᳮ.ᑖZᜐᳮ.஺ᨵkd.>f{|¢ᔣst/VḄᜧ£¤▲ᑴ஺CRAY-1f[ᵨd.ᩭ§ᔣḄ!"ᜐᳮḄ஺¨©ᔣᔣᜐᳮᔣḄᜐᳮ.>ªᔣḄ!"ᜐᳮ.«ᔣᔣᜐᳮᑖZᜐᳮ¬ᔣḄᜐᳮ.>ᔣḄ!"ᜐᳮ.஺6.1.2ᔣ!"ᜐᳮQḄ᪀®ᔣ!"ᜐᳮQḄ᪀¯ᐹ4QᘤḄ±±஺<☢|1976D²³ḄCRAY-1Q®>´µ☢ᔣYᘤ-Yᘤ]ᔣ!"ᜐᳮQḄ¶᪀ᱯ¸஺CRAY-1ᵫFºᜐᳮQஹ»¼½¾¿ᑴᜐᳮQஹᜧÀÁ5ÂÃÄஹÅ(ᜐᳮQZᡂḄÆᑖÇÈ᪀]ÉᜐᳮQ஺FºᜐᳮQḄ¿ᑴÊᑖᨵË256y16ÌḄᢣÎiÏᘤ>ᑖᡂ4Z>Z64y஺FºᜐᳮQḄÐÑÊᑖᨵ12ᩩ{+§ÓÔḄᓫÆ!"#>{ᑖÖ!"ᙢ§ᙢᙬஹᔣஹ᪗ḄᔜÐÑ஺Ú᜜>Üᨵ{!"#ÆÊÝHḄᔣYᘤZV0~V7,᪗YᘤSo~S7ᙢᙬYᘤAA7஺Þ6-1ßà'kCRAY-1FºᜐᳮQFᨵᐵᔣ!"ᜐᳮÊᑖḄâÞ஺ãᔣÐÑäḄ6y!"#ᓫÆÊ᦮ᦪ¤ஹæçÐÑஹèÌஹ鸤ஹé¸êé¸ëEì᎔ᦪ>ᐸ!"ïðḄaᑖÖ3ஹ2ஹ4ஹ6ஹ714ñ>ñ12.5ns஺òóᩩ!"#>ß⌕ôõ₹!÷>{|ñ!'yᑖ஺ᔣYᘤÊᑖᵫ512y64ÌḄYᘤZᡂ>ᑖᡂ8Z>øV~Voyᔣ07YᘤZV,.{ùᨬÉú64yᑖûᐗüḄyᔣ஺¯ý>ᔣYᘤZÊᑖ±{188

192ù8yᔣ஺¢þstxð64yᑖḄsᔣ>{|ᵫ¤|ᑖÿᜐᳮ64ᑖ஺ᜐᳮᔣᡂḄ᪀ᔣ஺ᜐᳮ஺ᑖ,主存M卷¶øᨚ6ᘤ6-1CRAY-1Ḅᔣᜐᳮᑖ!CRAY-1ᨵ᪗$%ᔣ$ᢣ'ᐳ128ᩩᐸᨵ4+ᔣᢣ'᝞6-2ᡠ.஺/I+0ᔣᑖ1234ᔣ56ᘤ8VjஹV,:〈ᔣ56ᘤ8Vj஺/n+ᙠ@AḄBCᦪ23᪗56ᘤSj஺ᐸḄnEFGHIJḄKLᦪ஺/IDஹIV+EMᑴO6

1936.1.3ZJ[\ஹ]^_`ឋHbcd2efFGHI[\F]^ghᩩIij%klm▣ᜐᳮghᔣḄopBCqrsᩭ_`ᔣᜐᳮḄឋH஺u4ὅO⌕Eghxyᔣᢣ'Ḅ᡻\{4ὅO⌕Eeᔣᓄ஺}CRAY-1Ḅᔣ~ᔣ56ᘤ8ViᙠKLᕜᑁc^ᦈ:ᑖ[BC_0ᑖ஺+56ᘤ8C:56ᘤ8C056ᘤ8Ḅsc4ᩩᡈfᩩᔣᢣ']^ᡂ]ᩭ_`ᔣBCḄ[\%GHIḄᦔH஺8ᨵᓫḄFᑮᔜGHIGHIᔜᨵ:〈ᔣ56ᘤ8ḄF஺>⌕¡Vi¢£%GHI¢£ᔜVi%GHIPQH[\¤Cᜧᜧgh¦ᔣᢣ'Ḅᜐᳮ஺ᡠ§Vi¢£ᢣḄE[\¤CḄᔜᔣᢣ'Ḅ0ᔣᡈ:ᔣ¨ᵨ¦xḄV2◀¦xᐵ¬᜜¯E0ᔣ¢£~᝞°V^V*V423V5-VJV64ᩩᔣᢣ'⌕ᵨ±²³GHI´¯◤⌕/ᩩᔣᢣ'᡻\ᑮ¶·ᨬ{:ᑖ¹ºGHIP{/»ᩩᔣᢣ'¼H½¾᡻\஺CRAY-1ᔣᜐᳮḄ¿℉ᱯ²E>⌕¡GHI¨ᵨ¢£%0ᔣ56ᘤ¨ᵨ¢£ZJ]^Â᪀c¨ᨵᦪRxᐵḄᔣᢣ'ஹÃHᜧᑖKQ[\᡻\஺~᝞ÄuÅᔣD=Ax(B+C)ÆᔣN<64,ᔣ±²ᦪᑣᙠBஹC2ᑮV°ஹVi{¯c}ᵨ}3ᩩᔣᢣ'ÉÊ°ஹ3«—6ÌᘤÍT62Aᔣ190

194V2<—VQ+ViÍBᔣ%Cᔣ±²gV4JV2W3ͱ²³6Dᔣ/ஹ»ᩩᢣ'ÎÏТ£c}[\᡻\஺/Ñᩩᢣ'

195᪵îïðT6½¾ñ/:ᑖ6ᐭV4,ᡠ◤Wᦪ(F]^ḄUVKQ)JÛÜT6õ/T6õJ6V3J〈±³Iõ7,øù|஻üVIn”〈±gIM±g÷”6vJ+M〈±³I÷71±³E16ᓃ"Wï{W¯c2þ:ᑖ6ᐭV4,ᐳ>◤17+(N-I)W¯c}᡻\·3ᩩᔣᢣ'ÿᐰᑖ஺ᯠ⌕ஹᩩᢣᐰ᡻ᡠᨵᑖᐰV2ஹV3᡻ᩩᢣ⌕!"#$ὅ◤⌕1+6+1+N-1+1+7+1+N-1=15+2N'஺CRAY-1ᵫ)ᘤ+,-./ᩩᔣᢣ1ᔲ3456ᓽ'ᩩᔣᢣ9:஺᝞<=ᩩ>ᑣᙠAᩩᢣḄCᑖᑮEᔣFᘤGH34ᵨJKᩩᔣᢣḄLMJᦪOPᓽQ,KᩩᢣRJSTᡂ9஺#VA34ᨵ"ᩩᢣ9:ᙠW஺X9:ᱯឋ[\]1^"`ᐵbc”ḄefgᐭᑮᔣᢣḄ᡻ijk஺lHm1nopqrs349:஺tᨵAᩩᢣḄCᑖ〈ᐭᔣFᘤGḄvCOwᕜy$ᐕ{9:O|O34஺᝞ᩩᢣ⌕9:ᑣ}~A'ᢣFᘤk┯iCO|9:஺tᨵᑮAᩩᔣᢣᐰ᡻ᔣFᘤGL᡻☢Ḅᢣ஺349:Ḅᢣ5Aᩩᢣ|34ᐭᐸm`ᐵḄᢣt⌕m┯i9:O|34ឋ஺᝞ᢣḄCLᔣFᘤGាᑖ1ᐜᩩᢣḄᔣFᘤGt⌕A☢ᩩᢣ᦮ᑮᙠ¢OwᕜyᑮCᑖ345ᢣ9:஺᝞ᩩᔣᢣḄᔣ£¤mᑣm9:ᔲᑣ¥¦§ᦪ¨©ª஺9:ᙠWḄᢣᦪ3m«▲ᑴ஺CRAY-1ᢣ349:Ḅᱯ®¯6ᮣ±ᙢG³ᔜµ¶·>ḄHMJ஺ᨬ"192

196Hᜐᳮ6ᩩᔣᢣ¼½ᢵµ¶·>Ḅᦔ஺#V9:ᢈÁ1ÂÃ)᦮ÄÅÃƤḄCÇÈÉ⌕ḄÊË஺6.2▣ᑡᜐᳮ)ḄÎᳮ6.2.1▣ᑡᜐᳮ)Ḅ᪀TÐᱯ®1.▣ᑡᜐᳮ)Ḅ᪀T▣ᑡᜐᳮ)ᨵX᪀TÒÓ⌕ᙠÔÕᘤḄGᡂÖ×ÐØÙÚÛḄJᵨm¢஺᪀T1Ü6-4ᡠÝ1Þᵨᑖß×Õᘤ▣ᑡᜐᳮ)Ḅ᪀T஺ᔜᜐᳮᓫᐗᨵâÕᘤ(ProcessingãementMemory,PEM)äᑖßḄᦪ¨täKᜐᳮᓫᐔæ:çè஺ᙠéᑴ>ᑁëᨵCjìÐᦪ¨ḄÓÕᘤ᦮C1ᙠéᑴ>ḄéᑴrÅᵨᡝjìÐᑖjìḄ஺ᙠ᡻ÓÕᘤkḄᵨᡝjìOᡠᨵᢣsᙠéᑴ>kîṹ^t〉ᔠòᜐᳮḄ᪗ᡈéᑴõᢣᶇ÷éᑴ>+ø᡻S^〉ᔠÔHᜐᳮḄᔣõᢣ"ù〈"÷ᔜCPE,éᑴᜐÔ“±û"ḄvPEH᡻஺$üÆᨵᦔᙢᜐᳮᔣᦪ¨X᪀T⌕ý^ᦪ¨ᔠᳮᙢ⚜ᑖÿᑮᔜᜐᳮᓫᐗḄᘤᔜᜐᳮᓫᐗPEi⌕ᵨḄPEMiḄᦪ஺ᑖᔜPEMḄᦪ!ᦪ"#$᜜&ᐭ(ᵨ)ᑴ"#)ᑴ+,〈஺ᙠ᡻0ᔣ2ᢣ45ᵨ678ᔣ2)ᑴ9:;PE<=>(<@A)஺PECDEFGHIJ(InterconnectionNetwork,ICN)ᩭLᣚᦪ஺GHIJḄHENO⌱Q(ᵫ)ᑴ+!S)ᑴ஺ᜐᳮᓫᐗ▣ᑡEF)ᑴ+VᑮWᳮᜐᳮXSCY஺WᳮᜐᳮXZS[EᵨXᵨWᳮ!\]^ᡂ!`aஹ&ᐭ/&dஹᵨᡝfgḄhijᔣ2ᓄilஹ>mnoஹᑖpஹqᜓWᳮஹᦻ+Wᳮtu>Ḅvw஺xyᒹ{ᜐᳮᓫᐗ▣ᑡஹGHIJ|)ᑴ193

197+ᙠᑁḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮᑖᡂZ!ḄᜐᳮX஺6-4ᐹᨵᑖᘤḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮX᪀ᵨ[᪀Ḅ▣ᑡᜐᳮXZSIMDḄ஺ᐺXᘤᨵILUAQVஹMPPஹDAPஹCM2MP-1|DAP600ᑡt஺᪀26-5ᡠZᵨᐳᘤḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮX᪀஺!ᘤZᵫKᑖ(MMO~MMK-I),ICNᐰNᜐᳮᓫᐗ(PEO~PENS1஺ᔜᜐᳮᓫᐗoNḄᔣ2ᔜᐗ¡¢w£5¤0ᜐᳮᑖᦪK¥tᡈ§ᜐᳮᓫᐗᦪN஺ᔜᜐᳮᓫᐗᙠ¨5©ª«¬ᑖ®(⌕¯ᨵᔠ〉Ḅ²w³ᦪᔠᳮᙢᑖpᑮᔜᑖ஺µᑖᘤ᪀Ḅ¶S<£ZICNḄ>ᵨ<£஺ᐸICNZᵨᙠᜐᳮᓫᐗµᘤᑖCD¸0¹V᪀ᡂᦪENº»ᔜᜐᳮᓫᐗw¼½ᮣ@ஹ¿᝱ᙢµ<£ḄᑖÁHÂw§ḄPEwîᙢ¨ÄᐳḄÅᙽ஺xyᨵḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮXÇÈÉIJ(AlignmentNetwork)஺194

198ᵨ[᪀ḄᐺXᘤᨵBSP஺2.▣ᑡᜐᳮXḄᱯÌ▣ᑡᜐᳮXḄᓫᢣ4§ᦪᜐᳮÍ|ᵫÈάḄᱯÏÐ᪀ZÑ᝞ᨵ▲ÔᑖஹÕ▣ஹÖ×ᜐᳮஹ#ឋÙᑜtSÄ⚪ÜÝ«ÞßᩭḄ஺;àÄ⚪ᑭᵨ§ᜐᳮᓫᐗᔣ2ᡈᦪâᡠᒹãḄᔜᑖ2£5à$ä᧕æçè¼Ḅᜐᳮ½o஺µ£᪵êᔣ2ᜐᳮḄë#ᜐᳮXÁì▣ᑡᜐᳮXᑭᵨḄZ\]íîä?Ḅ@AB☢%▣ᑡᜐᳮDᵨFᓫஹH᦮ḄJKLMᩭNOᜐᳮᓫᐗPḄKQ஺JKLMḄ᪀RS▲O▣ᑡᜐᳮUᵨḄV⚪XYZ[\;]ឋᢣ᪗`ab℉defgJKLMḄhi%jk஺▣ᑡᜐᳮᙠPJKmnO᪀Ḅᓫo./=ᮣqDrsAtᑖvwx⚪mḄyzឋ./=ᜐᳮ!:;vᵨឋ{:;஺᝞}~m./=ᜐᳮᵨiXḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮᑣᡂ%A]vᵨiX%AOᦪ-ḄvwXYḄ஺@AB☢ᵫ▣ᑡᜐᳮV⚪XYḄ〉ឋ{Aᵨ☢Afg<./=ᜐᳮ>?▣ᑡᜐᳮḄ᪀%<ᵨḄXYὶᙠA+Ḅ஺᝞mᡠ▣ᑡᜐᳮm%A¡vᵨᔣ-ᜐᳮḄiX¢>%ᡠᨵḄ£X¤U¥ᓄᔣ-£Xᨵ>§᪗-£X஺z᦮¨Ḅ©ᦔ"ᩭ«◀ᔣ-£X"᜜ᙠ®ᜧ¯m°±᪗-£X"²³´µ├Ḅᜧ·ᡠde஺᝞}A¡iXḄᔣ-195

199ᜐᳮ"᩽!¹º>±▲ᑴ¼᪗-£X"½%¾¿1ÀÁÂk£XÃÄ\᪗-£Xᓰ10%Ḅ⚪Æᩭ«Ḅ©ᦔ"ᨬ;Z>[Èɾ¿10ÀÁÂk£X஺ᡠ!᪗-Ḅᜐᳮ9%®j⌕ḄÊË⌕Ì▣ᑡᜐᳮḄÍᑴtÎÏÐ%A¡ᐹᨵ!ឋஹ{oḄ᪗-ᜐᳮÒ§᪗-£X\ឋḄde஺º³´2PḄ;§ᑣ>Ó<▣ᑡᜐᳮ᪀ᨵᐵZ<ᘤÖ×Ḅឋ¯ᨵᐵᱯÙ%Ú⌕!▣ᑡᜐᳮḄᵨឋÛÜA¨ᨵᔣ-ᓄoḄ!ÝÖ׳´¯ÞË%ßàÏ⌕Ḅ஺áf᝞g▣ᑡᜐᳮ°ÏÐᵨA¡!ឋᓫᜐᳮzâᳮiXᩭãᔠyz£Ḅᐰtâᳮ¯Þ஺ᡠ▣ᑡᜐᳮæçm%ᵫvw\ᦪè£XḄᜐᳮᓫᐗ▣ᑡèᡂḄᜐᳮஹvwéêᜐᳮᓫᐗ▣ᑡḄÍᑴ᪗-ᜐᳮḄᜐᳮ²vwéêëᐭ/ëîïzâᳮḄᜐᳮèᡂḄA¨ð᪀ñ;ᜐᳮ஺6.2.2ILUACIVḄᜐᳮᓫᐗ▣ᑡ᪀ᵫ▣ᑡᜐᳮmḄXYḄẆó%<᪀ὶᙠA+Ḅfg☢ᐜõöAILLIAQV▣ᑡᜐᳮmᜐᳮᓫᐗḄJK᪀஺ILLIAQVᵨ᝞÷6-4ᡠøḄᑖùúûᘤ᪀Rᐸᜐᳮᓫᐗ▣ᑡ᪀᝞÷6-6ᡠø஺ᐸýPUiᜐᳮtÎᒹÿ64ḄᜐᳮᓫᐗPEiஹᡠḄᘤPEMiMLU஺64ᜐᳮPUQ~PU᣸ᑡᡂ8x8Ḅ▣PUiᐸ"ஹ#ஹ$ஹ%463&'ḄPUi-8)mod64ஹPUi+8)mod64ஹPl|-imod64PUi+imod64*+,-஺.ᑡ/0ḄPU-ᡂ123%0ḄPU#3$0ḄPU,-ᨬ#☢3%0ḄPUᨬ"☢3$0ḄPU,-678ᡂ9ᔠḄ;<8=>ᐸ?9ᔠ;<▣ᑡ஺ᙠA▣ᑡBCDEFG±1ᡈ±8ḄIᓫᐗJKLMᵨOPQᨬRSTU3VWᐸᨬRDXEYZ7C஺[᝞W]ᵫPU63〈PUi)`,LaPU63—PU719

200—PU8—PU9—PU1)`4CbcdW]ᵫPU9〈PU45,LaPU—PUfPUn—9PU5CPU48—PU47—PU46—P47Cbc஺efᩭhN=•*kᓫᐗlᡂḄ▣ᑡBI/ᜐᳮᓫᐗJKḄᨬRDXEYZmn1C஺PUi6PU஺o6sILUACNᜐᳮᓫᐗḄ▣ᑡp᪀ILLAQVḄᜐᳮᓫᐗrstᘤuvᘤwstxᘤRGABḄᦪzᘤBᩭḄᦪzU3vp{|ᶇᙠstxᘤRGAB஺2ᜐᳮᓫᐗᑁᨵᦪz〈xᘤRGRᦈᦪzbcᦪzᙠᜐᳮᓫᐗJKḄ〈ᨵᘤᵨᩭᑴPUkrᔲᣵJEᔣᢣḄ஺6.2.3ILLIACIVḄ3[1.▣t▣ᑡᜐᳮ▣trᨬᓫḄ஺/8x8Ḅ▣AஹB,tᡠḄp{▣C¡r8x8Ḅ▣஺◤wAஹBஹC£G,¤¥Ḅᑖ§ᙠ.PEMᑁ¨ᙠᐰ64PEMBAஹBCḄᔜᑖᙢᙬᙳ®¤¯,.Ḅᙢᙬaஹa+1197

201a+2,᝞o6-7ᡠ°஺A᪵bc▣t◤ᵨ#ᑡ3ᩩILLIAQV³´ᢣᓽL஺LDAALPHA+ᐰ(a)ᵫPEM,〈PE,ḄstᘤRGA,ADRNALPHA+1+ᐰ(a+1)(RGA,)¶·tp{〈RGA,STA'ALPHA+2;ᐰ(RGAJᵫPE,〈PEM,Ḅa+2ᓫᐗᐸB04363஺6A[¹LMº»¼½▣ᑡᜐᳮḄᓫᢣ¾(3ᩩᢣÀÁ᡻3)Äᦪz¾(64ᐗÅ3,t)MÆᦪl3BḄ"ᐰ3"Èᱯ·஺ᵫGrᐰ64ᜐᳮᓫᐗᙠ3ÊËÌÍÎ?ÀÁᜐᳮḄ64Ï஺.СLM¼½®GᐹᨵᑖÒÓᘤḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮÔᔲᢵᐸ3ឋW]ᙠᘤBḄᑖÒ×ᑗ,ᐵ஺7W]ᑖÒÚÛÜp᪀Æᡠ⚪Þ*+,ᐵßàᓫᐗᑖáḄâãäåæç஺PEM63o6-7▣,tḄᘤᑖá[2.▣é▣érnᦪlvä▣t⌕ëᩖ஺âAஹB(:?38x8Ḅn▣îïAB,ãC=AxBḄ64ᑖLᵨðÓ7cij=EᖝLkg198

202ᐸB0

203C(1,J)*=OI0WJW7ᔣ1sLOADA(l,J)0WJW7RGA(J)*=A(I,J)w〈:BCASTA(௃K)RGA(J)*=RGA(K)0WJW7ᔣ1S:MULB(KJ)RGA(J)*=RGA(J)*B(KJ)0WJW7ᔣT:ADDC(IJ)OWJW7RGA(J)*=RGA(J)+C(ூJ)HJ14Wᓃr7ↈ'”᝞«ATi

204ᯠ396Cᔜ!ᜐᳮᓫᐗPEt{JᡠḄEtᘤPEM”8PMᜐᳮ¡¢⌕£¤&▣AஹBஹCᔜᑖ1ᙠEtᘤ|Ḅᑖ¥¦ᵨ᝞V6-9ᡠWḄfᫀ஺V6-9&▣SḄtᘤᑖ¨©:᝞ª«ILUAQVḄ64!ᜐᳮᓫᐗᐰEᑭᵨ¬ᩭ$ᓽ«KḄᦋ9$¯°(±OPMNa◤⌕ᙠ▣ᑡtᘤ|7²ា´ᙢᑖ¨ᦪ¶஺G¯⌕·8!|¸A(I,K)xB(K,J){¹$ºT(ᐸ|04KV7),H⌕ᵨᑮ?☢Ḅ}T»$¼஺ᓽ·᝞½KḄ$ᩭYMNḄOPh[8Q3J[8/log28,¾¿r2.7Q஺3.}T»H[(!+N!ᦪḄÁAºT,9$ºTḄ⚪஺9Ãᑮᔜ⚗}TḄEᑖ»^ᨬÆḄÇ»⌕ᵨᑮᜐᳮᓫᐗ|ḄÈÉ᪗ÊË஺JᨵᜐrÈÉÍ᝱ḄᜐᳮᓫᐗÏ{᡻ºÐḄ201

205஺9ÑÒfÓsN=8,ᓽᨵ8!ᦪAIÁA}Tᐸ|0ᩖ7஺ᙠSISD%8=ᑏ?ᑡFORTRAN@ABC=0DO101=0,710C=C+AIH[(!Õ@A◤⌕8RT¼஺ᙠ▣ᑡᜐᳮᵨᡂ¤⌴׺T¼J◤log28=3RT¼ᓽ஺✌ᐜÚÛᦪ¶AIᑖtÜᙠ8!PEMḄaᓫᐗ|ᐸ|0447஺ᯠÆᢥ?☢Ḅ±Þ£}T»B1ᐰoPE,᝱80wiW7஺2ᐰoA1¡PEM,Ḅaᓫᐗ¤ᑮR?PE,Ḅ¦§¨PᘤRGA,80wY7஺3K=0஺4©ᐰoPE,ḄRGAJª〈ᑮ¬〈¨PᘤRGR,,0wiW7஺5©ᐰoPE,ḄRGRJj}®¯ᔣ!¬〈2K°±8Owi²7஺6j=2³஺7PE0~PE,´᝱஺8ᜐµ᝱ḄᡠᨵPE,᡻RGA,*=RGA,+RGR,,Jwiw7஺9K*=K+1஺10᝞K<3,ᑣª»4,ᔲᑣ½!¾¿᡻஺11ᐰoPE8᝱80wiw7஺12©ᐰoPE,Ḅ¦§¨PᘤᑁÀRGA,PᐭR?PEM,Ḅa+1Âᐗ8஺ÃÄV6-10ßà6▣ᑡᜐᳮ}T»Ḅ%\@஺ᨬÆ(ᑡ᪾|Ḅᦪâ⊤ZᔜᜐᳮᓫᐗiRƺTḄã஺V|ᵨᦪâ0—7ᑖä⊤A0~A7஺åᨵ▢çèḄᜐᳮᓫᐗ⊤W½hÈÉ஺é᜜V|¤Òë5±|PEḄìRGRiᙠ?íîïPE7Ḅᑁðᨵ⊤WïᩭH[ñ9ò?í±ó92Kmod8,ÐíᐭPEo~PEj,3HõPEᙠë7±+⌕ö9hÈÉᡠ8÷øùḄRGR¾ᦈûüᑁýhþ¤᡻ãᨵçÿ஺☢Ḅ⊤ᯠᣚᙠILLIAQVḄᵫ!ᑖᜐᳮᓫᐗ'()*Ḅᑭᵨ᳛./012345N6783N/logN2202

2066஺:6-10▣ᑡᜐᳮ=Ḅ>?6.3SIMD>=Ḅ@ABC6.3.1@ABCḄD>E᪗G@AHᦪᙠSIMD>=JKL3ᜐᳮᓫᐗMNO3ᜐᳮᓫᐗGPQᑖRMNS⌕U@ABCVWXYᣚ஺ᙠᜧ[\]ᡂᵯ`aᜐᳮᘤc0deḄfᜩh⌼jk214~216lᜐᳮᓫᐗḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮ=mᡂn᝞p⌕qrstlᜐᳮᓫᐗMNSᨵvwḄU`ᑣ@ABCḄAyzj{K|஺./}~ḄᜐᳮᓫᐗMN8ᨵᨵ▲ḄvAᡈ〈ᓽrtlᜐᳮᓫᐗNnᡂ⚪|ᡠ◤ḄWX〈஺SIMDḄ@ABCḄD>E᪗3᪀2⌕ᑖᩖ'(ᡂ@A⌕ᮣ¡|¢ᵨḄ◤⌕ᜐᳮᓫᐗNWXYᣚᡠ◤Ḅ〈ᦪ⌕£¤4501ឋ203

207¤¤ᵨ[᦮ᓫḄ§᪀¨©ᔠ7ᡂᡈὅj¬UᡈὅjAwᩭᩖḄ@A,°\ᙽឋ²³ᵨVLSI¡Ḅ᡽ᐙឋ஺¶☢ᙳᜐᳮᓫᐗNḄ@An¸¹ºL஺n»᧜@Aᱯឋ¾@ABCᵨ©@AHᦪ¿À஺᝞pÁ@ABCḄWlÂÃNlÄÃ(N=2)ᔜÈᵨ0,1,…N-1Ḅ᦮ᦪÉÊË⊤ᑣ@AHᦪÌ3⊤Í@ABCḄÄÃÊᐭÃÊḄ¸¢ᐵ஺¿À@ABCḄ@AHᦪn¸ᡠᨵḄÂÃ0,1,…y,…N-1,ÑÒPᙠÂÃjAÓÄÃf(j)ḄHᦪ¸¢ᐵ஺ᙠᜐᳮᓫᐗNḄ@AÒ@ABCḄÂÃÄÃ▭3Ñ©ᜐᳮᓫᐗḄÄÃÂø@ABCᩭÕÌ3ÑlÖ஺@AHᦪvwᵨÖNḄAy:⊤ÍᨵÒ×{ØᳲÚÛRÄAwḄᑁᙠ[Ý஺./ÞᵨßàᓫḄHᦪ⊤ÍᓽÁᡠᨵᐭÃxÄÃf(x)SᵨáVᑴÉṹätὅḄáVᑴÉṹåÄᐸHᦪ[Ý஺¶☢zçᑮé⊤ÍḄ஺6.3.2@ABC¢ᢑëḄlì⚪ᙠí¿PEMNUWḄ@ABCÒ◤⌕¸îïஹñᑴòᶍஹYᣚ|BCḄôᡫ᪀öÄᢑë஺îïᨵÑஹ÷øÑG÷©ᔠ3஺ᨵḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮ=᪷úᐸSIMDឋûᙳ}ᵨÑîïᡠᨵPEᢥÒýÑîï஺÷ᡈ©ᔠîïþjᵨjᜐᳮ=஺ᐺḄᵫᐵᓫᐗᡂḄḄ⌱ᐵᓫᐗḄ᝱ᩭᑴḄ"#$%ᨵ'(ᑖ*+#ᑴ,ᶍ஺ᦪ0ᨵḄSIMD1ᵨᵫ'(ᑴ345ᐰ3ᐵᓫᐗ᡻8'(ᑴḄ,ᶍ஺9ᣚ;<=⌕ᨵ9ᣚஹᒹ9ᣚABᒹ9ᣚᔠ3#஺9ᣚᙠEFḄ204

208HIJK▭ḄMNO〉ᔠQᜧᢇTᦪUVW஺ᒹ9ᣚXᦪUQᒹᑁV〈[ᵨIJK▭ḄM5\ᦪU]^V〈ᱯ`ᨵᦔ஺SIMD1ᵨbḄ9ᣚᒹ9ᣚᑣᵨQᜐᳮfghf(஺Ḅiᡫk᪀ᢣḄᐭஹop$%MḄqrᨵ☟᝱t᝱+#஺ᙠ☟᝱iᡫk᪀(+uPEvHḄwxḄy[z{|}ᡂBᐸPE஺t᝱iᡫk᪀(+uPEvHḄwḄᐵᓫᐗ᝱$%{|}஺☟᝱iᡫᨵNḄḄஹஹ᪛ஹ᪛ஹஹᾭt▣ᑡḄஹJ;ஹJ;%AᐸᩖḄMr஺ᵫQ☟᝱Ḅᮣឋஹ〉ឋᵨ,t᝱஺t᝱ᨵᓫ¡¡+¢஺t᝱ᓫ¡ᨵᨵ▲Ḅ¤#M¥¦§¨©,ªzK0«¬+uᜐᳮᓫᐗvHḄ]^V〈ᦑ®t᝱ᓫ¡¯¨஺t᝱¡ᵫuᓫ¡°ὶᡂḄ%K0«¬+uᜐᳮᓫᐗvHḄM஺X¡¨ᵨ$K0ᩖḄ®¨¡ᡈ¡¨஺¨Ḅq᝞´6-11ᡠ¶஺ᐭpV〈·¸ᘤDTRiopV〈·¸ᘤDTR஺஺◀»ᔜ½BᜐᳮᓫᐗPEO~PENN1ᑖ`Mᦈ〈oᦪU᜜ᙠ[ÀḄ¨(Á$%ᐵMUXᔣᓫ¡〈ᐭDTRiᦪUᡈ〈ᐭᙠÃN¨(DTR஺஺Äᓫ¡MᦈḄᦪU§ᓫ¡Å〈Æ〈Çᔜ½ᨵᐵḄDTR஺¯ÈN©¨ḄWᐭ஺¨É¡⁚ḕÌᜓÎÏHÐÑ5ᑴ⌕ÒÓÔ஺¡ÕÖ×»ÌᜓᡂÎØ\»ÏHÙÚÛÔÜᑭᵨ[ÀḄᓫ¡ᔠ$Þßᨵ[ÀᱯឋMqrḄ¡ᮣឋà஺FáᵫQᘤ4âãäᨵåæÈçèᜧᦪ▣ᑡᜐᳮfé1ᵨ¡ᡈ¡¨஺205

2096.3.3êḄᓫ¡"ëìí4#êḄᓫ¡îïJ;ஹPM2Lðñ9ᣚ≈ᓫ¡1.J;ᓫ¡J;ôCubeᓫ¡Ḅõ®ᩭEQ´6-12ᡠ¶ḄJ;k᪀஺J;Ḅöu⚔øôḄkøùú⊤Nuᜐᳮᓫᐗᐳᨵ8uᜐᳮᓫᐗᵨzyxýþᑴṹ஺ᡠḄᐭஹ᝞ᔜ⚔Ḅ᪵ᓽᜐᳮᓫᐗ#$ᑮᐸ'(ᑴḄ*+,-Ḅᐸ.3ᜐᳮᓫᐗ/஺0᝞010#ᑮ000ஹ011ஹ110,1$ᑮ234/Ḅ001ஹ100ஹ101ஹ111஺ᡠ567Ḅᓫ89:ᨵ3<=ᦪ?Cube°ஹCube1ACube?ᐸB᝞C6-13DḄ4ᡠE஺Cubei=ᦪ⊤EGḄHAḄ'(ᑴ#ᙠJKLi+Mi=0,l,2/0ஹ1-ᐸNᔜ+OṹQG஺tii+ú;;ûᐵ;itiMXttiii+*i+2+8+üýii+þÿ‷;7i+5S+++;;titUtliiSStitfii+ia£incc^11413ᓽ□ᑠI◞FIMᵨuiKikiiitiiMiiC6-1267R᪀20

210C6-13ᓫ89:EUa)Cubeb)Cube[c)Cub^0ÅÆᑮnÇ8NÈ(ÉḄÊËÌᓫͯᐳᨵ”=1Ï2%ЮÑᦪ8ᓽCube,(P.r-Pi-P(Po)=P.-i…Ô…PRBÕ8P,Ö×᪗HÙÚᑴṹḄÝi38ÞOWiWn-1஺ßÇᦪn>38àáÊËÌ(HyperCube)¯஺VW᧕Yᓫ89:Ḅᨬᜧ\]^n,ᓽ-_`ᵨᓫ89:ᨬbcnde〈gh5iU2ᐭஹḄ஺WjiUkRlmnᨵnᩩ1Ḅpqhrs┯ឋv#w\]xynḄkRlᔜᩩpqḄz{h1|஺2.PM2Iᓫ89:PM2Iᓫ89:w"~2(Plus-Minus2ᓫ89:Ḅ஺jᜐᳮᓫᐗ$GḄw^/±2,Ḅᜐᳮᓫᐗᓽ:Ὴ,rA|◌☄ᓽᓃ/6.ஹᡃ/6h¡g᝛¤ᰦ᪶§ᐰ©ᶧᣳ-◤ᝍ᦮£ᑜ³PM2·3¹ºᑣ21½¾◘ᝅ2T<Ã=∫ᘤᗓÇᡭÉÊ⊈ÌÍaÎÏÐ⇾ḄÒÓÔÕÖ◢É≆&ÚÛÜ⌾Þßàáâãäᦪåᨵæᾙ.._…—⏘ìíîMïð*òóôᳮõö.÷øùßúû᝝ý⇾þ1ÿ&2"*ᚪ.'%.f-"ᴿ/Ḅ,aQ!W…:%ஹ.•1)”+,■./N1M34ᡭD789"'fஹ:;......<-ᖪ“K@AB—&ḕEᨵUHYG<<.JIF•…jhMNOP3RS1TUVWXYZ[\]^_`aஹ•bcdefgᝅijkYlm⚣⌮pq⌼᷊t⏘ᡡ,ᨬx^ᐹ{|}.᫥ἓJlᗌὅẓ∙%«∅207

211PM2MPM2i+PM212ᜐᳮᘤᵨᓫᔣᡈᔣPM2IḄᱯᵨPM2+oஹPM2.0ᡈPM2±o஺ᦪ஺ILUAQVᜐᳮᓫᐗḄ¡PM2IḄᱯᵨᐸ!ḄPM2±0£PM2¤n/2(ᓽPM2±3)4¦ᦪ஺PM2Iᓫ§Ḅᨬᜧ©ª«¬N/21஺ᵫ®¯PM2I[°±ᨬ²³⌕µ¶·ᵨᓽ[¸¹º»<¼ᐭஹZ¾Ḅ¿஺3.ÀÁÂᣚᓫ§ÀÁÂᣚᓫ§(Shuffle-Exchange)ᒹƵ¦ᦪ<¦ᐰÀ(PerfectShuffle),È<¦Âᣚ(Exchange)oÉ6-15ᡠË«8¦ᜐᳮᓫᐗḄᐰÀ¿஺[°±ᐸ¿ÌÍÎᐰÏᢥÑṹÓÔ᣸ᑡḄᜐᳮᓫᐗ×!ᑖ«ᦪÙÚÛḄµÜÝ<Ü£Þ<Üᙠ¿àZáâã<<◞å஺âæÁᡫèéáᐜÎ᦮ìéᑖ«µÜ4íîÁéïᑮ"ᐰÀ"ñ¡"ÀÁ"ñ¦òóḄᵫᩭ஺ᵨᦪ⊤Ë«Shuffle(P…P……P£)=p……RP°P…ö!n=log/V+P…«÷ZѾḄøᑴṹ஺2208

212úCubeûüḄShuffleᦪû[⌮ᦪ஺᝞þÎZÿᐭᐭᑣḄ⌮6-15ᜮ⌮Ḅ஺Shuffleᦪ"ᨵ$⌕ᱯឋ஺᝞)*+,-Shuffleᦪᣚ/ᑮḄ12Ḅ3ṹᓽPn.3...PoPn.lP-2«᪵7ᐰ9-2Ḅᨬ;<=>?@ᨬA<஺BCnn-ᐰ9DᐰENᜐᳮᓫᐗJKឮMᑮᨬNḄ᣸ᑡ-Q஺ᙠS-ᐰ9ḄCT◀VWXᐰ"0"Yᐰ"1"Ḅᜐᳮᓫᐗ᜜ᔜᜐᳮᓫᐗ\⍗ᑮV^ᐸ`SᜐᳮᓫᐗaḄbc஺ᵫᓫeḄᐰ9fghijkᑴWXᐰ"0"Yᐰ"1"Ḅᜐᳮᓫᐗ^ᐸ`ᜐᳮᓫᐗḄamn"◤⌕pqCube஺rᣚᦪ஺=ᐰ9rᣚᓫsᐸW=8Ḅa᝞6-16ᡠu஺ᐸhv⊤urᣚxv⊤uᐰ9஺;6-16N=8ᐰâ4ᣚᓫͯ®ã;ᙠ9yrᣚᨬzḄ{ᐭஹXᐰ"0"Yᐰ"1",*}Ḅa◤⌕-rᣚYn-1-9yᡠ~ᐸᨬᜧn-1஺4.≈ᓫs≈ᓫs(Butterfly)ḄᦪButterfly(P-iP-2-PiPo)=PoPn-2-PlPn-lnnᓽjkᑴᙢᙬḄᨬ;3,7-7Ḅa஺209

2136.3.4ḄSsᨬḄSs=^3ᓫs1ᡂḄSsஹSs9yrᣚYSsPM2I஺n᜜"ᨵ஺fḄSsᙠᡠᵨḄrᣚᐵஹᡫ¢᪀Y¤ᑴ¥ᔜᨵf஺rᣚᐵᐹᨵ{ᐭY{ḄrᣚᓫᐗᵨᔜSsḄ᪀§஺¨©ᐭᡈ᝞)«¬Ḅ\ᵨi⊤u¬Ḅ\ᵨj⊤uᑣ®~¯°ᑡ4ᐵ±᝱ᡈa¥³1´ᓽ஻/·/஺2(rᣚ,ᓽ஻/·஺3¹ᓽ᝖Y/ᐭ»¼஺4¹ᓽ஻Y᝖»¼஺½ᨵ{¾gḄ¿j¾grᣚᓫᐗᨵᐰEÀ¾gḄ¿À¾grᣚᓫᐗ஺{ᐭᑮcÁÂÃÄÅ〈ḄÇÈfᐕÊḄ஺n᜜"®~ᨵËÌᐵ±᝱ᓽiᐭÍjᐭij¿nÎÏ஺*®ᵨᩭhiᐭ^ᐭ^ÑÒNᐭYNḄ2NᜐᳮᓫᐗḄ஺ᡫ¢᪀ᔜs^ᐭḄÓ¥஺3ᓫsḄaÓ¥ᙳ®ᵨᩭ1ᔠ᪀ᡂfḄSs஺¤ᑴ¥ᔜrᣚᐵkÖ¤ᑴḄ¥~Ss×*®~ᨵ3³1s¤ᑴ——sḄᡠᨵᐵ½ᵨ¤ᑴÃX¤ᑴ½gᜐ±᝱஺2ᓫᐗ¤ᑴ——7ᐵ\ᵫÙÚÛḄ¤ᑴÃX¤ᑴ®ᔜÙᜐfḄ±᝱஺3Eᑖs¤ᑴ——ËisḄᡠᨵᐵᑖÝᵨi+1ÃX¤ᑴOvivn-I,nsᦪ஺ᑭᵨrᣚᐵஹᡫ¢᪀Y¤ᑴ¥3ßà®~áᔜSsḄ¢᪀஺210

2141■.SsSsᨵSTARANஹajkᑴné஺~8ᜐᳮᓫᐗ×ᐸëì¢᪀᝞6-18ᡠu஺*}•Ḅᐳᱯò³Ëisô08STARANᵨ?ᣚ@ᵨᑴḄAᣚBᦪ஺ᡠDᣚFlipBᦪAIJKᐗL✌NOᙢ*Qᣚ஺᝞SJKᐗLᒹUᨵ2sYᑣ[AIᡠᨵ\kYᐗL^_\2s-k+lYᐗLbᣚ஺⊤6-1ᑡghiSTARANᣚᙠᑴjkᵨᔜmnoKᔠqrsᡠḄtஹgvḄ8(஺211

215⊤6-1STARANᣚḄᐭஹ!"#$ᡠ᡻'Ḅᣚ(ᦪ*+,-./i0ᑴ234ᑴjk_ᓽx__________________________________101110111000001010Oil10067001,2345761103254452230167t3321076$4v443670123k5547610326674S2301776$43210442ᐗ᡻4{2ᐗ2K4ᐗ4K2ᐗQឤ}442ᐗ2~4ᐗ24ᐗ+1ᐗ2K4ᐗ1K8ᐗ♦18ᐗ18ᣚCube஺BCubeoCube^Cubejᓝ#iCubeoCubc)+Cube2+CubctCube(Cube2Cube2♦$Cube?⊤6-1gᑴjk111@ᐰᣚᣚᡂO8YᜐᳮᓫᐗᐗLḄ1K8ᐗᣚᐸᣚ;᝞sᐭv᣸ᑡ01234567gv᣸ᑡ76543210ᑴjk001@ᡂO8YᜐᳮᓫᐗᐗLḄ4K2ᐗᣚᐸᣚ;᝞sᐭv᣸ᑡ01234567gv᣸10325476ᑴjk010@ᡂḄ#$bᙠ*Q4K2ᐗᣚ2*Q2K4ᐗᣚᐸᣚ;᝞s212

21610325476gv᣸ᑡ23016745&ᑴjk101@bmᣚ2*Q1K8ᐗᣚᐸᣚ;᝞s23016745gv᣸ᑡ54761032nᑴjkA᝱Ḅ^AᣚBᦪ#$஺⊤6-1Ḅ¢£ᔣn¥g¦§¨ᐭv©⌕«¬noḄᑴjk(ᑮ¦§ᡠ◤⌕Ḅ¨gv஺STARANᵨ?!ᦪ@ᵨᑖᑴᑴjkᑖKᑴ¯Sᑡᙠ⊤6-2஺g[°^A᡻QᔜmnoḄ!ᦪ#$Ḅ஺⊤6-25ᦪ+Ḅ6ஹ!"#$5ᦪ(ᦪ*+__________________部0010000分20000110级控1110000制信F,H01001001号E.G11011000A,B,C,D1001010012412]01235230123463032ᐭ34570123!45605654356716745670274767013456789:515254515251;5Ḅ5ᦪ*+mod8tnodSmodSmod4mod4mod2ᐰ=STARANᡂ#ᙢᵨᙠ±²bὶᜐᳮ~STARANḄ<´bὶµ¶ᘤ_ᜐᳮ¸'Oµ¶ᘤᩖ┯µ»Ḅᦪ¼ᙠ½g2ᑏᐭ¿*QÀÁ᣸ᑡ〉Ãᜐᳮ¸Oᦪ¼ÄÅÆÇḄ◤⌕஺ᑭᵨᣚ!ᦪmÉÊ#$ËOᦪ¼Æ*QÌÍÎᐰÏஹ213

217ÐÑஹÒÓ}8¦JYtv_¦JYgv'Ḅ8(ð⌕o@Oᡈ

218n$o@஺ᑮ5ஹ1ᑮ7Ḅ8(ì&omega0ᑮ51ᑮ7Ḅ5ᑮ07ᑮ1Ḅ஺ᨵὅ!"ᩭ%&'()*)+,-.஺/0126-18626-19,9᝞;-.Pn-lPn2“PlP஺PoPi…PnmPn-1EᣚG᝞HIn=3,%&1ஹ4Eᣚ,3ஹ6Eᣚ,NOPQ2RᡠᨵTᣚᓫᐗḄᜐᳮᓫᐗ-.YH%Zᡂ᪵Ḅ]஺I&⊤6-1⊤6-2_ᡠᑡSTARANḄEfᦪᙠᢥRjkᑣHᜐᳮᓫᐗ+,-.mno〉ᔠIomegauvᡠᨵᙠwὅxyḄSIMD}~oᔣR஺ᯠᵫIomegaᵨTᣚᓫᐗᐕᜐᳮᓫᐗ6ᜐᳮᓫᐗḄ&ᑮḄ஺G᝞◤'26-19_TᣚᓫᐗEF᝱CஹIஹJஹKLR᝱%¢()26ᐰ¤8*)Ḅ஺3.PM2IN=8ḄPM2IḄ¦᪀᝞26-20ᡠ¨஺©ᒹ«nᓫᐗ¬o&wmPᑡᔜN=2nᓫᐗᢥPM2I¯ᡫE"ᩭ஺±²i(0

219)ᣚAugmentedDataManipulator,ADM,!+,ᐸᑴ.,ᡂ012஺ADMḄ4ᡫ6᪀8ᑴ9:;<=>?ᐰABomega!ḄCDEFᣚᓫᐗ஺GXஹyHxTUomega!ḄᐰVOWXYᐸZᔠᦪ\⌕^஺ᑭᵨᦪ')ᣚ!=>TUᔜᮣḄcᦪஹdeஹf◞ஹhijkᦪ)ᣚ஺l1Rmᔜ!ᮣឋᵫoᑮ2Ḅqrstᑴ9uஹVᑖᑴ9uஹfWwxᑴ9uஹomegaஹADM,Xeᩖឋ8ᡂ0Ḅqrz{|}2஺~ᯠ!ḄὅᔜḄ!ᵨ⌶᝞STARAN!8omega!s#xᘤᜐᳮᓫᐗfḄᦪ')ᣚfWwxᑴn9u!s#OWᡂᜐᳮᘤ▣ᑡR☢ᔜ!ᐳឋḄᑖ᪆=><|ᵨᔠs〉ᔠḄ஺¢᜜ᙠRm!Ḅ¥ẠR\=>ᨵᔜ)§8᡽h஺᝞9u©O!ḄJ6ª«=>sᵫJᜐᳮᓫᐗ᪀ᡂ¬§ᡂ¬9u©O!஺«᝞RmḄ®s¯21

2206ªᑖᡂIZz=>ᦋ#ᑖᡂmZᩭ®jᙠ+²³´µ஺4.¥¸!¹6-21ᡠ¾sN=8Ḅ¥¸!஺

221¹6-23ᡠ¾sJN(3,2,2)ḄÝFÒiᐵ!஺ᐭஹÞᔜᨵ4J᝞ÆᵨFÒiᐵTUᐳ◤4x4=16JFÒªJFÒª#4⌱1,=ElÝFÒiᐵTU⌕ö÷øùJ6ªÄ◤2⌱LúᩭMN(m,n,r)ḄFÒiᐵFÒ6ªûᦪ#C=r(nxm)+m(rxr)+r(mxn)=mr(2n+r)XFÒiᐵ6ªᦪ#n2J஺SãKü1ᜧä;mr(2n+r)

2226.#≈'6-24ᡠ)*ᵫ16,8,8ᐵ-./᪀01ᡂḄ2≈'34ᵨ8678᪀ᡂ64x64Ḅ≈'஺9ᵨᐸ;64,8,8Ḅᐵ᡽=᪀ᡂ512x512Ḅ≈'᝞6-25ᡠ)஺6-24?@ᵨ16,8x8Ḅᐵ6-25?ᑣᐳᵨ3x8x8=192,8x8Ḅᐵ஺᝞C⌕᪀⌼FᜧḄ≈'H◤JKᦪᓽN஺O≈'PQR〈,H*஺megaḄU,ᨵ▲ᑴḄYZ஺6.3.5ᐰ᣸ᑡ᝞C*^N,_`ᑮN,b`ḄUᑮUḄ᧜deNfghiᡂ*jkN,`Ḅlm᣸ᑡnkḄoQ▭qe*ᵨm᣸ᑡᩭsᣚN,ᐭ`vᨵḄ᣸ᑡ஺219

223w☢ᡠyzḄᔜ|/#}Q~U,_`;~U,b`3ḄO⌕jᡈ#j᝞ஹb`3ḄeᨵNQᵨᦪ〈6Ḅ஺w☢ᙠ##78ᣚ?|Y஺ᨵឋḄ.'(BlockingNetwork),ᨵឋḄ.'ᡈᐰ᣸ᑡ஺'ᮣO#ஹ¡ᑴ¢ᩖஹᡂ¤஺'ᙠU¥〈?PNQN,`Ḅ~᣸ᑡ஺N,`Ḅᐰ¦᣸ᑡᨵN!|஺N*ᵨᓫᐗ¡ᑴḄn=log2N32©ᑴn(n.UᑮU᧜ªᵨPqR〈ᡠfᐵH◤ᵨ2oQḄ)¬ᨵN/2,ᐵnᐳᵨ(Nlog2N)/2,2oQḄᣚᐵ᪵ᐰ¦ᐵᜐP¯᝱Ḅ±ᦪ.29'g4'2ᓽNN/2|஺²N.ᜧ2Ḅ᦮ᦪ±ᨵNN/2

224Ḅᐰ᣸ᑡk.Benes஺ÓÔÕᨵ,fqḄ¹⍝Q¼½Uj!×Ḅ⌕·ᓽᦪØPÙUᨵÚ#ḄᑍÜᨵᑭ⌱ßᔠ〉Ḅ6〈N☠ឋஹᮣឋÚã஺6-26#ᐰ᣸ᑡBenesä6.4ᐳåæÄ᪀çḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮê?ëºÄìᘤḄíîᙠᐳåæÄ᪀çḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮê?Äìᘤ⚣ð⌕;#,ᜐᳮᓫᐗḄñ᳛ᓛôÄìᘤeõö4ᵨ#ëº1ᡂ஺k᜜ø⌕ùᙠᔜ|íîú'ûÄìᘤ}Qᙢ-஺Hᨵ᪵ÄìᘤḄ▭⚣ðýPþû^@▣ᑡᜐᳮêḄᦪ1ëºᜐᳮḄឋQPÔû஺jᦪ1íîḄú'*#᪵ḄNQ⌕íîᦪ1ḄºஹÿUஹஹḄᐰᐗᡈᐸ▣஺1ᦪᎷ!"ᘤᑖ%ᦪm&4,'(!)ᦪa0-aIa…᝞,6-27ᡠ.஺/012345Ḅmᐗ6789:ᙢ23<=>28?@A2!BCḄ஺ᯠE⍗ᑮᢥ2Iᙬ23᜻ᦪᡈᏔᦪ<᪗ḄᐗNᑣP2!BC?Q!"ᘤḄR▭⚣UVWX஺ᙠ⌴[\]ᔣ_`Ḅᔜᐗ⌲ᢥ2Ḅ᦮ᦪd4923>ᐺfḄ23gh஺i᝞ᐜ>4523ᯠkᢥ2ஹ4ஹ8lIᙬ஺221

225mno\]!"ᘤ%ᦪpᡂrsḄ2Ḅ᦮ᦪᗩu8〉wx஺P7!"ᘤḄᑖ%ᦪmwpᡂyᦪz{|}ᙢ~!"ᘤ23ḄBC஺⌕Iᙬwy!"ᘤ23u{BCᙢ஺>?@@30123A4a\°2Ḅas%5Ḅ♦10Q\\012***,6-27ᦪḄ!"m=42mᦪ〉ᵨmᦪᎷ!ᨵmᑖ%23ᨵnᐗḄᦪ`஺nnᐗḄIᙬmᦪḄஹijஹஹ>8᪵Ḅ⌕{RBC23஺᝞m=n=4,4*4Ḅᦪᢥ!"Ḅᫀ᝞,6-28ᡠ.஺ᯠN23ஹᡈḄᡠᨵᐗN¡¢BCᙢ23⌕N23ᑡḄᐗNᵫm¥¦`!)ᙠ!"ᑖ%ᑁ?¨A2!BCP71{23ᐸḄᐗQR▭⚣UVWᑮ1/4஺!"%%©0123«00Ḅ1Ḅ23஺10ẑ°12al3020a2\a22a23஺30஺31a32஺33,6-284x4ᦪḄᢥ!"⊈=71=4222

226&x{QᡈᑡḄᔜᐗ{23«p¬ᦪᙠ!"ᘤ┯¯!)᝞,6-29ᡠ.஺>´ᫀ¡⌼ᡂᔜᐗḄ23BC¶QR▭⚣UQ!"ᘤᑖ%ᦪwᜧm1⌕23Ḅᔣ_ᡈᦪᐗḄᦪnnᙠ▣ᑡᜐᳮêu>ᜐᳮᓫᐗᦪìlmyᦪNᙠᦪḄஹᑡlᔣ«p8Ḅ┯íî஺ᎷnxnḄᦪᙠ!"ᘤᑡï4ðᐗᙢᙬ┯íḄî&5rï4ðᐗᙢᙬ┯íḄî&ómpᡂ22p+lp&¾᦮ᦪNRBC23Ḅᐙᑖᩩà>ù3û2p,g=l,6-304x4ᦪᢥᑣḄ2oᫀ஺ᐸp=l,m=5,8|=2,8=11,2ᵫ%6-30*+ᦪḄ,ஹ.h012ஹ31245ᦪ6782x2Ḅ9▣;<*=>?@ABC஺DE?@ABCḄᫀ⌕GnxnᦪAḄ678ᐗKAabNOᙠQᑡᙢᙬᜐVWXᙢᙬ>=Z+b$+cmodm2[Wᑁᙢᙬi=aᐸ0qsm-1;0vi4n-1bcdefᐗKAooᡠᙠWXᙢᙬ஺ᙠEᫀi⌕BCḄᦪᔜᐗKḄ᣸ᑡ3lmn"p"Ḅdqrs◤⌕ᨵvwḄxyz{Zᓽ᣸ᑡz{223

227ᡈ~z{ᩭᐸឮᡂḄl஺WWXoI230004)1)2003al3al2a22a23a20a21a31a32஺33430%6-294x4ᦪ┯OḄᫀ(171=71=4,8\=6?=1)WWX01234oooḄ1ᓽ2003a\3QioAllQ12a22a23஺2060a3263%6-304x4ᦪ┯OḄ9(m=5,n=4,=2,S=1)23,ᘤOḄᦪᜧḄᦪᔜḄᐗK8ᦪ*<⌱ḄᑖWᦪmḄ¢஺ᨵn8ᜐᳮᓫᐗḄ,ᜐᳮ¥d¦§,BCn8ᐗK¨〉N67ªḄᦪ*<ᐜᦪᡈὅnxn▣Ḅᦪᢥ,ᡈᑡḄl®ᣚdᦪ°ᡂ82ឋᙢᙬ²³ᙢᙬᵨa⊤¶஺ᯠ¸ᙢᙬaᡠNḄᐗKOᙠWXᙢᙬj=amodm,WᑁᙢᙬdLa/n¹Ḅᓫᐗ*<º»?@ABCḄ⌕G஺224

2286.5ᾭ½▣ᑡ¾¿ᜐᳮ¥ÀḼVLSIḄÆÇd¦º»⌕GÈÉÊËᜧḄÌX/%ÎᜐᳮÏÐÑÈÉḄᱯÉÓḄ◤⌕ᵫᓱᑁÕ᫥◖ᜧÑḄØÙÚÛHK.KungD1978ãä¦ᨵᾭ½▣ᑡå᪀Ḅᾭ½▣ᑡ(SystolicArray)ᜐᳮ¥ḄìíᱯC⚪ᐹᨵ᩽ñḄÈÉ,ឋò⚪óôËñḄᜐᳮ¥஺õ⁚ᐜ÷ᾭ½▣ᑡå᪀Ḅøᳮùúû☢ᔣᱯÉÓþ☢ᔣÿᵨᵨ⌶Ḅᾭ▣ᑡ᪀஺6.5.1ᾭ▣ᑡ᪀Ḅᳮᾭ▣ᑡ᪀ᵫᜐᳮᓫᐗ(PE)᪀ᡂḄ▣ᑡ஺PEḄᑁ᪀ᵫ!"/$%&'(ᡈ!"/*"&'(+!,-.┝0ᘤ᪀ᡂ23ᡂ4ᦪ67Ḅ'8$%&'9:஺▣ᑡᑁᡠᨵᜐᳮᓫᐗḄᦪ=┝0ᘤ>?@ABᑴ஺&'@ᦪ=ᙠ▣ᑡ᪀ḄᔜᜐᳮᓫᐗFGᔜHḄIᔣKᔣLMNOP⊈R?STᨵ⁚VᙢXᙠᔜᩩ⊈Z[FKᔣL\᪵஺^_`aᙢbᐸdᾭ▣ᑡ᪀஺e▭,dg᡻ijkl'ᾭmnoᑁḄpᐭᦪ=\rsᦪ=\2tᙠjuIᔣ,tuvwᔣLX஺▣ᑡᑁḄᔜᓫᐗxyᦈLᜐᳮᓫᐗ{ᩭḄᦪ=}ᔣ~ᜐᳮᓫᐗ〈ᦪ=஺xᨵ▣ᑡḄᜐᳮᓫᐗ0ᘤI/ONiᦪ=஺᪷=ᐹl'Ḅ⚪uᾭ▣ᑡ2tᨵ`ஹ`/`/᪛`/`▣ᑡ᪀`᝞¡6-32ᡠ¦஺◀_¨᜜ª2tᨵu4«`஺¬᝞¡6-33®gᙠᾭ¯▣ᑡ᪀,Ni°3x3▣Aஹ*Ḅ¬³஺PEᑁ´*"ᘤr!"ᘤ23ᡂᑁµK&'஺¶·ᜐᳮᓫᐗ2¸3pᐭ〈ᩭḄ¹G3uIᔣᓽᵫ»ᔣ¼Ḅ½¾Iᔣஹᵫ¿ᔣ,ḄᚖÁIᔣrᵫ»¿ᑮ¼,ḄÃ45°Iᔣ@Çs{〈ᑮÈÉḄ3p®Ê225

229ËÌ▣AஹBᑖÎdal2a13ஹ%63ஹA=஺21a22a23B=஺^22%21131032a33)<^31%3j2ᑣ8C]1CC[3ஹ12C=AB=C21C22C23-31C32C33)3ᐸ[cÐᝅÒi3஺¡6-33®gt1t2,t3@Ó〈Ô▣ᑡ[Ḅᦪ4=1=ÕÖᑮt6@×Ã45°ᔣ¼,Ç@p®C13ஹ@2ஹGlஹQlஹG1ḄØ&@p®C23ஹC22ஹC32ḄØ஺t8@p®C33ḄØ஺2tÚ®Ûᐳx◤⌕8·O2t3ᡂ°3ஹ3Ḅ▣*ßᓫᜐᳮà,áâ᡻iᡠ◤Ḅ27·vwãäg°åj஺

230¡6-33ᾭ¯æᚮ▣ᑡ\½è¬éêëd3ᡂ°nxn▣Ḅ*ᵨ3r?-3n+lPE᪀ᡂḄᾭ▣ᑡ,x◤3n-lK&'ᓽ2ᐰ3ᡂ&'ᡠ◤⌕Ḅ@Fxtíî3nḄឋᐵnñ!ßᵨᓫᜐᳮàḄíîn3Ḅᐵnñ!⌕òój஺ônõᜧ@÷ᵨᾭ▣ᑡNi&'Ḅvwãäødë℉.@2tÚ®ᾭ¯▣ᑡḄ᪀û⚪'"ᨵᐵ஺᝞s⌕ûḄ▣üýõᜧ2þÿᜧ▣ᑖᡂ▣ᐜᑖᙠᾭ▣ᑡᙠᜐᳮ஺ᾭ▣ᑡ᪀ᐹᨵ᝞$%ᱯ'(1᪀)ᓫஹ,᦮.ᙽᓄ12᡽ᐙឋ678〉ᔠᵨ<ᜧ,.=ᡂᵯ?@A஺2PEBᦪDEFGHIஹ,ᑣKᦪDLMNᑴLḄQRஹSNᑴTᙳ)ᓫ,᦮஺3ᾭ▣ᑡVᡠᨵPEXSYZ[ᐹᨵ᩽]ḄR[^_ឋ2E`Labcd]ḄZ[ᦔ᳛Mgᔢ᳛஺iᐭᦪDXkᜐᳮᓫᐗmnKᵨᜧᜧopq▣ᑡr᜜tḄI/OEFuvwqxyz{MI/Oyz⚣}Ḅ⌕஺227

2314)ᾭ▣ᑡ᪀Ḅ᪀rᱯR[M[ᑗᐵᐹᨵᵨឋ▲ᑴqᵨxVLSIᑭḄ஺6.5.2Eᵨᾭ▣ᑡ᪀⌼ᡂᾭ▣ᑡᜐᳮᵨᨵ▲Ḅᐵ▣ᑡ᪀ḄEᵨឋI/O}ᡠ▲ᑴḄ▣ᑡ᪀Ḅ,.ᜧ஺SḄ[⌕XᨵSḄ▣ᑡ᪀ᜧSḄ▣ᑡ஺qᾭ▣ᑡ᪀Eᵨឋ¡Ḅ¢'£¤ᩭ¦Ẇ¨M©ªq%2ᨵᦔ᡻_[Ḅ¬EᵨḄᾭ▣ᑡ᪀஺©ªEᵨᾭ▣ᑡ᪀Ḅ⌶®⌕ᨵ3஺⌶®E`¯Q▬±Ḅ²x▣ᑡḄ³ᡫ᪀Mµ¶·¸ᵨ2¹º»ᐵ_m᪀ᓽ½º¾m¿ÀÁ▣ᑡḄ᪀஺ÂÃPurdueᜧÄḄ2m᪀]Å^_R[(ConfigurableHighlyParallelComputer,CHiP)ÆᐺÈḄÉÊ஺CHiPḄᜐᳮᘤᵫ»ᐵÍஹNᑴᘤMÎᜐᳮᓫᐗÎᡂ஺»ᐵÍ@ASµ¶³ᡫḄᐵÏ஺᝞Ð6-34ᡠÑ·ᙽÒ⊤ᜐᳮᓫᐗᙊᙌÒ⊤2¹º»ᐵ஺ᜐᳮᓫᐗ½2¹º»ᐵÖ×@Aµ¶஺Ø»ᐵÙᨵÚÏ{Ûᘤ{Üᦪ▣ᑡ᪀ḄQÁ·¸Ý»ᐵ{Ûᘤ஺᝞Þ¹ßᏔᦪᑡḄ»ᐵÙÁᡂ$¶×Ꮤᦪ_Ḅ»ᐵÙÁᡂáâ¶×Æ᪀ᡂã·ᡈḄ▣ᑡ᪀᝞Ð6-34aᡠÑ஺å2æᜐᳮᓫᐗ᪀⌼ᡂçè᪛Ḅ▣ᑡ᪀᝞Ð6-35bᡠÑ஺⌱ëq»ᐵ¶×·¸ìᵫNᑴᘤæᐸîᐭ»ᐵ{Ûᘤᓽ2Kᔜ»ᐵᢥñ¶×.¸µ¶஺©ªEᵨᾭ▣ᑡ᪀Ḅòç⌶®ᵨóSḄ[᧜õᑮ÷Ḅ▣ᑡ᪀஺·øùú☢ᔣ^_Z[ᡠýᵨḄº¾þÿஹஹᐹḄ஺᝞ᓱᑁߟ᫥◖ᜧᵨ"#$ஹ%&'()*ᜐᳮḄWARP(-./ᵫ10123ᜐᳮᓫᐗ6ᡂḄ89ᾭ;▣ᑡ(஺>1ᜐᳮᓫᐗᙳᨵABḄCDᘤF228

232HᑴJᑖCDᘤLḄM-N.6F஺OPQWARP(ḄRᵨឋᮣUឋVWḄXY-◤ᨵ[\Ḅ]^_`.1aᓄᘤ2cdeᵨᡝḄ'g᧜&ᑮ▣ᑡ3jkl஺mRᵨᾭ;▣ᑡn᪀Ḅpqr⌶t-uvwx⚪ᜧz{ᐵḄᾭ;ᜐᳮ}g2~VLSI'Ḅᑖᒘ▣'g2▣ᑡdᜧz⚪Ḅ◍Nuvm〉ᔠ.'x⚪ḄRᵨ'gḄ}ᫀ஺ITᓫᐗO,ḼVLSIᡂḄ¡]ᾭ;▣ᑡᜐᳮ(¢£.¤m¥᡽ᜧᐸᙠᦪª#$ᜐᳮஹ«¬''ஹ®$ᜐᳮ¯dᦪ°±²}☢Ḅᵨ஺ூµ⁚·¸௃Lº"»ᵨ^HᑴḄq^¼}½¾¿Àpi^,0

233pi^ÁÂÃ᝱ÅdᙠP2RP0ḄPi×ÏḄᐭஹWÙᜐᳮᘤÊËR#ᐸÚḄÛ/ºÝ2ÅÞ2ÞÏ஺pi^ÐᣚÃ᝱ÅdᙠPiNḄᐭஹWÙᜐᳮᘤÊËR#஺2ஹßW0~7$ᐳ81ᜐᳮᘤḄq^áâÐᣚ¾¿ᙠã%3᪗Wkl¢6$ᜐᳮᘤᦪ°å〈ç0~4$N¢3$ᜐᳮᘤᦪ°å〈çᐸè31ᜐᳮᘤḄᔜᨵᐵÐᣚᐵᓫᐗḄHᑴÃ᝱஺ÓᫀÔêὶ¾ìᡫ~ᐵÃ᝱᝞▬%39ᡠð0123ᐭWÙÙ4567▬%39q^áâÐᣚ¾¿~ᐵÃ᝱3ஹßWN=8Ḅ¼}½ᐰ᣸ᑡó^¾¿¥᪗W»ᵨᓫᐗHᑴkl0—3ஹ1-7ஹ2-4ஹ3-0,4-2,5-6,6-,7-5ḄNô〈ḄᔜÐᣚᐵÃ᝱஺õöOÍÎÅ÷øùú஺ÓᫀÔ%9᝞ûᑡ▬%ᡠð஺ᵫ"ᨵüóᑍè▬%þḄÐᣚᓫᐗᐵÃ᝱-ᐸþ.201ÐᣚᐵḄᐰJÃ᝱6ᔠᦪᨵ220=1048576rÿᐰ᣸ᑡḄ8!=40320᣸ᑡ⌕ᓽ஺230

23400xx114ஹ16ᜐᳮᓫḄᓫ!"#$%&'஺(1)ᑏ+ᡠᨵᔜᓫ!"#$%/ᦪḄ1234(2)38ᜐᳮᓫᐗᵨᓫ!"#$%&';<ᦪ=>?@〈ᑮCDᜐᳮᓫᐗEFGᫀ:(1)Cube(^^bjbo)=bbbb03210Cube!(bbbjb)=bbbb3203210Cube?(bg)—bjiCube?(bsbzbib஺)--bjbjbjBQ(2)38ᜐᳮᓫᐗᵨᓫ!"#$%&';<ᦪ=>?@〈ᑮ1ஹ2ஹ7ஹ118ᜐᳮᓫᐗE஺5ஹL+16MᜐᳮᘤOILLIAQVḄU3VW$%Ḅ$%X᪀Zᑡ+PEOᑖ_`a1bஹcbdeb@〈f

235cb;%Ḅ◀1b;ᑮḄPE1ஹP"PE12>PE15᜜rᨵPE2ஹPE3ஹPE5ஹPE,PE11ஹ8PE13ஹPE14஺eb;%Ḅ◀1bஹcb;ᑮḄ᜜;ᵫPE6ஹPE>PE9ஹPEo710232

236t7uᜐᳮvwux⌕yzMIMDḄᜐᳮvḄ{wᭆ}ஹ~X᪀ஹCacheḄ1ឋஹWẆஹWឋᑖ᪆ஹWஹឋfᑖ᪆ஹᜐᳮvḄ஺7.1ᜐᳮvḄᭆ}ஹ⚪d~X᪀7.1.1ᜐᳮvḄ{wᭆ}d⌕Ḅᢈ⚪ᜐᳮvᢣᨵMEḄᜐᳮvᐳI/O4vaᐳx¡ᡈ£¤¥g&'¥gᙠ1§ᑴ©ª«¬ᜧ®¯ᩖ⚪Ḅ±v஺²ᵨᜐᳮvḄt1³Ḅ¥´Mᜐᳮvµ¶ஹ·¸VWW᡻Wᩭ»£⚪¤¼½®»£Ḅ᦮#ឋf¿tc³Ḅ²ᵨᑍÁḄᜐᳮv¥´ÂÃÄÅᩭ»£Ḅ;☠ឋஹ〉Èឋd;ᵨឋ஺©☢x⌕yzḄʶஹ·¸W»£¤¼Ê³ḄḄᜐᳮv஺ᵫËÈᵨḄ³ḄdX᪀«ᜐᳮv;ᨵ«᪀ÌÍ᪀ÌdᑖÎÌ3஺ᜐᳮvÏËᢣÐÑᦪ=ÑḄ஺ÒÓᓫᢣÐÑᦪ=ÑḄ▣ᑡᜐᳮvÕÖᨵ×ᜧḄØ_஺ᐸØ_x⌕ᩭÚËWឋḄÛ«▣ᑡᜐᳮvx⌕┐µᔣÞஹᦪÄᜐᳮᔣÞᢣÐḄWßWឋàḄ«áឋ஺ᜐᳮvḄᑣã£1Ḅ¶ᡈ·¸ḄWßWឋàḄឋ஺ᙠ~X᪀EÒḄᜐᳮv⌕ᵨᢣÐäᑖ_§ᑴ¥´ᐳx¡ᡈv$%&'Íb¥g¿ᙠE▲ËᔣÞஹᦪÄᜐᳮr⌕᢬᣾dã¥ᵨà◚éḄWឋ¿ᙠêᳮE⌕ãᙢì☠ÛíîïᨵᦔᙢñÚᑖ᪆dêᳮᱯ_·¸ᑖóஹᜐᳮvô¼ஹVḄ«bd¥gÛ⚪஺233

237ᜐᳮvÊ〉È⌕¬~X᪀E⌕õᜐᳮvஹ¡öᘤUᙽI/O4øḄᮣúûḄ$%஺üýþ£ÿஹᡂḄ᪵ឋஹᮣឋᑣឋ⌕ᵨᐳḄ!"#$%&'(஺ᜐᳮḄ,-ឋ.⌕/#0ᢣ2Ḅ᜜4567,-ឋḄ89:;<=஺>⌕?@᝞Bᨬᜧ▲FᙢHIJKḄ,-ឋLMNᔠẆQRSஹ67TUஹVWஹXYJKஹᢣ2Z[\]⌶_᢬᣾bᔜ]dᙠḄ,-ឋfᨬᜧ▲FᙢghJKḄឋi஺ᜐᳮ⌕ẆQ᝞BᵨjkḄᢣ2ᡈTmᩭoᑴ,-qrḄst஺᪷v,-qrwḄᦪvyᐵᡈoᑴ{|ᐵJ⌕ẆQᵨB]}~ᩭ-,-qr6Ḅᔠ஺ᙠᜐᳮ⌕ẆQ᝞BᜧḄYᡈqr-ᑖᒘᔠᳮ⌱qrḄFᜧᔜqrFᜧḄᙳᒴឋ⌕5,-Fh⌕᜜Ḅstஹᔠஹ[H├᪵⌕Z,-RSஹ,-TUḄẆQZᜐᳮឋiᦔ᳛Ḅᑖ᪆஺ᜐᳮ᡻-,Iqrᡠ◤ḄᜐᳮḄᦪ¡¢Ḅ஺ᔜᜐᳮᐭᡈ⌨bqrḄ¥Zᡠ◤!Ḅ¦ᓄ:;ᜧ஺LMẆQ᝞B;¨ᙢ?@©᝱Ḅ!ᑖ«qr¬FᔜᜐᳮḄ₹¯°iᙳ⊝,⌕■³´┝஺⌕ẆQᜐᳮ¶·ᜐᳮItᦑ¹º᝞B»¼½¾JK5w¿0ÀÁ,ÂiÃÄᨵ;hḄᦔ᳛஺ᜐᳮ¶ᜐᳮᦪƺ᝞BiÇV6ὅgÉʨḄV6Ë᛻ÍÎV6ḄÏÐLM?@ḄÑ⚪஺ÓÔÕᜐᳮḄÓ᪀ஹ×'ஹ,-RSஹ,-TUஹVWஹXYJK[ØÙÚ(ÛÜᑮJKḄឋiᦔ᳛஺7.1.2ᜐᳮḄÓ᪀1.à὚ᔠâ὚ᔠ234

238ᜐᳮᨵà὚ᔠâ὚ᔠã]Ḅ᪀ä஺1à὚ᔠᜐᳮà὚ᔠᜐᳮåᐳ.æ"#ᜐᳮḄᐸè᳛é▲0.æ⚣஺ᔜᜐᳮë.æì×'íî'(ᜐᳮᦪé▲0×'íîïZᔜᜐᳮð.æ%&Ḅᭆ᳛஺òÍóð.æ%&.æôᵨõ/ö÷æø஺ᦪmùᜧIt%&Ḅᭆ᳛ùú⌕?@¨ᦪvᙠᔜæûᘤᙽ¶Ḅᑖ«¢þ஺ᔜᜐᳮ°ÿᘤᜐᳮḄ᪶ṹᵨ⊤!"#$%&'஺ᜐᳮ)*+,-.&ᘤCache,"#$%/ᦪ஺1὚ᔠ4ᜐᳮᨵ67᪀9᝞;7-1ᡠ=஺>67᪀9?@AᙠCDᔲ+FᵨḄCache,ᵫHᜐᳮஹmJᘤKᙽMJI/ON⍝PᡂNRᜐᳮ-ᘤTUVWPMINஹI/O-ᜐᳮTUVWXIOPINYZ[\TUVWXISINTU஺ᜐᳮ-ᘤTUVW]^ᔜᜐᳮ`ᔜᘤKᙽḄUabcdefghJᘤKᙽᙠJᕜjAklᐸYHᜐᳮḄ$no஺pqrᔜᜐᳮst$usᘤKᙽḄ&'ᘤKᙽᦪmlvCᡈᶍᜧCᜐᳮᦪhHᜐᳮ+ᘤḄzᫀ|}*"#$%[~$%&'ᭆ᳛*"#ᜐᳮ-ᘤTUVWḄbᵨ&'஺᝞+FᵨCache,*!"#>&'஺᝞IBM3084S-1DFᵨCacheḄ1὚ᔠ4ᜐᳮ஺ᘤ᧜KᙽXMMᵨCᑴᜐᳮ$ᙢᙬ᧜ᑮᘤஹFᵨCacheᡈ%Kᙽ஺ᘤḄhJKᙽ*ᵫzḄ4JKᙽ᪀ᡂ஺ᜐᳮNRYZ[\TUVWᵫHᜐᳮᔣHᜐᳮYZ[\]^ᜐ235

239ᳮḄs!஺ᜐᳮUa᜜ḄI/ON⍝dI/O-ᜐᳮTUVWᩭ]^N[஺>᪵¢]^ᔜᜐᳮ`ᔜI/ON⍝c£ᐰUaḄ¥¦ឋ஺I/O-ᜐᳮTUVW¨Uaᮣª«¬ᡠ4ᦪ4ᜐᳮ®ᵨ¯¥¦TUᓽUᑮHᜐᳮḄᜓ|¢²Hᜐᳮ³a$u஺;7-2D¯¥¦I/OḄ4ᜐᳮ´᪀஺µ¶ᓱᑁ¹ߟ᫥◖ᜧ½ẆᑴḄC.mmp4ᜐᳮD|FᵨCacheḄ1὚ᔠ4ᜐᳮpmᙳp16,®ᵨ¯¥¦ḄI/O஺L0£m-lᐳX>?ᘤZᙽᐳX>?\Zᙽa)b)7-1]὚ᔠ`ᜐᳮcḄd᪀a)ᜐᳮc;fgᵨCacheb)ᜐᳮchfgᵨCacheᙠ¯¥¦ḄI/OYp■ÁÂHᜐᳮᜫᦔtÅᡠaḄ᜜ÆÇUᑮᐸÈᜐᳮÉ*®ᵨ〉ËḄᑍÍUa¢ᙠÎÏÉÐÑ>ÒÓ஺;7-3D®ᵨᑍÍUa¯¥¦I/OḄ஺ᙠÔYᜐᳮ1Õᦑ×tᜐᳮ/ÙÚ*$uIOPi.>DÛÜJ4NÝefÞßp¬Ḅ஺23

240;7-2¯¥¦I/OḄ4ᜐᳮ´᪀;7-3®ᵨᑍÍUaḄ¯¥¦I/Oᙠ1὚ᔠ4ᜐᳮYᔜᜐᳮàᨵs᪀¥¦áâ᪀¯¥¦á67஺Ë4ᜐᳮᵨCãäåt®ᵨs᪀¥¦áḄ1὚ᔠ4ᜐᳮ஺(2)æ὚ᔠ4ᜐᳮ237

241æ὚ᔠ4ᜐᳮYhHᜐᳮèᨵJéᜧḄᘤᵨCdᵨḄᢣëᦪì"#1὚ᔠYᙠḄ$%&'஺|sᜐᳮᡈὅNRN⍝TU]^N[ᐳïÂð᜜ñᜓòᡈὅNRó~ô〈XMessageTransferSystem,MTSᩭöᣚ[~>tᔜHᜐᳮ*ᨵ+øḄ᜜ñᜓ஺ó~ô〈®ᵨᑖtúûᡈü9ஹý9ஹ᪛9vÿᡫ᪀஺὚ᔠᜐᳮ〉ᔠḄ஺ᜐᳮḄᑖᒘᡂḄ!"#ᙠᔜ&ᜐᳮ'#(!")Ḅ*+,-.஺/ᔜᜐᳮ!")01ᵨ345#67὚ᔠ3Ḅ89:3ᨵᦔḄ#=>ᡂ:?&ᑖ@89஺὚ᔠᜐᳮ=ᑖABCDEFCDEG7᪀H஺I7-4:ᐺEḄKL+M〈891OḄ὚ᔠBCDEᜐᳮ஺P89ᨵN&QᙽSᡈUVW஺X&QᙽYᨵᜐᳮᘤCHJஹCacheஹ\]^_ᘤLocalMemory,LMF?`I/Oaᜓ஺c᜜#eᨵ?&f⍝FhijᐵSCASlL+M〈89SMTSmn#G&ᡈ&Qᙽo5pqrsMTSḄt&ᱥᳮv5whi஺ᢥ᯿?zḄ{⌱}ᐸYḄ?&pqᐸḄpq#⌱}Ḅpq"ᡂ஺CASḄf⍝Yᨵ?&f*^_ᘤM〈Ḅ*+ᙽ#Pf*^_ᘤKMTS=ᡠᨵI7-4fL+M89OmḄ὚ᔠᜐᳮ᪀ᜐᳮrs஺MTS=:ᓫ#ᔜf*^_ᘤOᑮcᑖ5ᵨḄᓫ'#=:ᦪ4Ḅ஺ᵫ'ᦪM〈Ḅ⌕q3#ᐸ1Oᡂ¡238

242὚Ḅ£#¤(=᪀ᡂᵫᦪ¥¦ᦪᓟ¦¨ᜐᳮOḄᜐᳮ஺MTS=:ᐳḄf*89஺ᙠ὚ᔠḄᜐᳮY#oᜐᳮ!")Ḅf*®ff*^_ᘤw,(o?ᜐᳮḄ!")Ḅf*°◤K\]^_ᘤᓽ=ᡂ஺ᓱᑁµߟ᫥◖ᜧºaḄ὚ᔠᜐᳮC¼:CDE½ᜐᳮ#ᐸ᪀᝞I7-5ᡠÂ஺ᡠᨵQᙽfGÃᢥCDOm஺Map=OÆ14&ᜐᳮQᙽQ,`ᡂ?&Qᙽ`SClusterW,ÐÑ`ᑁᔜᜐᳮ)ḄÒ#ᵨ£Ḅf*j├ÔÕᦪᐳ஺OᑮMapḄKmap:ᔜQᙽ`)ḄOmᘤ஺AØ=☠ឋ#&Qᙽ`Û)fGᩩInterclustei•`)#Omᡂ?&ᐰḄC¼89#ᵨᒹ0ᣚSPacketSwitchingWê½f*஺I7-5C¼ᜐᳮ᪀2.)1OH½ᜐᳮ)1OḄH½:ízᜐᳮឋîḄ?&ï⌕¤ð஺ᙠñòf*᳛ஹ£ᡂḄᩩôõ#1Oeöᮣø᪵#ÔÕᔜ7úᩖḄüýᑣḄ1O(ÿ஺ᜐᳮḄᵨஹஹᐵஹᘤᡈ≯"#$%&'()*+,஺-Ḽᢈ0Ḅ123ᜐᳮḄᦪ567ᨵ9:SIMDḄ?'(஺@ASIMD?'(BCḄDᐵEFᨵGHIᘤJKᡠMNO஺PᵨᑖRS239

243᪀ḄᜐᳮᑣᵨᐵWXS᪀,஺QZ,[ᜐᳮஹᘤ\ᙽ^᜜`aᜓcdeAfᵨgᵨᑖ6ᡈhieᢈ0M〈஺ᐸEᓫm,S᪀nᓫஹᡂpqrstu\ᙽmvwPḄᜫᦔz{ᜐᳮᦪt|}tᜧᭆ᳛rsᦔ᳛ញᒓ஺ᯠᙠᜐᳮEaᘤ^ᵨ᜜auᵨw+ᓫ,7〉ᵨᜐᳮᦪ5Ḅᔠ஺ᓫm,ḄᜐᳮᨵIBMstretch^UNIVACIarg)஺ᨵ£+¤¥¦§,Ḅrsᦔ᳛¨Dᵨ©ª§⚣C¬ᵯ®ᩭ¦§ḄM°±᳛²³ᵨᐝµcNᐸNO±᳛¶IO9~Qi°bit/s¾¿Dᵨm,ᩭuÀḄᭆ᳛஺Á᝞ÃÄḄTandem-16^PluribusᵨÏÐpḄÑÒᜐᳮEPOSᵨÔÕÄÖ×ØfÙḄS᪀,ᜐᳮSMSᵨÚ@Û⁚ÝÞḄC¨ᜐᳮᑣᵨᑖ?஺ßàá[ᜐᳮC6ÀâfᵨḄẆᑴå☟᝱©ᐜ?ஹéê6ëᱏஹí᝱©ᐜ?ஹᐜᩭᐜîï)+ðñò¥஺☟᝱©ᐜ?ò¥ßó[ᑮḄõᑖö[éêḄ©ᐜ?஺3[õC6÷øᵨ6⌱ú§©ᐜ?Ḅõᐜᵨ஺Á᝞ᵨûüýeᡈþÿ᪀ᵨ☟᝱ᐜ஺ᱏᢥᜧ!ᱏ"#$%&'()ᵨ஺*〉ᵨ,-./ᡠᨵ2ᜓᵨ456ᐳ8-.஺9᝱ᐜ/ᔜ'(Ḅᐜ᪷=>?ᢥ4@ᑣ9᝱ᦋC஺D᝞FGᨬI)ᵨJLRUNᙠP5ᕜGRᨬᐜSTᨬU◞ᑁX)ᵨYḄ'(Z240

244\]Ḅ^_`ab(RotatingDaisyChain,RDC)ᙠP5ᕜGRᢥ"ᵨ"ᡠe'(ḄfgᐜSThi)ᵨYḄ'(jkᨬFḄ'(ᡠlmḄ\஺ᐜᩭᐜopᢥeᦈᑮ\]ḄᐜRfgᩭSTḄ஺ᙠḄopstuv)ᔜ'()ᵨḄwᙳyᨬz{*◤⌕ᨵ~᪀ᔜᑮḄᐜRg஺᝞5ᡈ5ᙠ◞zḄᑁᑮvᐜR*4uF஺(2)`Zᜐᳮ~~ᦪIḄᜐᳮ~ᩭᨵ᪀ᓫஹ⌼ஹ᡽ᐙឋ¡,{Ḅឋ£¤☠ឋ¦§¨ᱥᳮªᑴ¬஺®ᢝḄ¡-°£±oᐸ³´ὃ⇋᪀⌼4u·¸¹ᔜºᜐᳮ~»¡¡¼ᡂ`¾¿`᝞À7-6ᡠÁ஺ᙠtuᜐᳮ~/ÂÃḄÄ⌴YÆᵫl〈ÆÉÂÃ〈ᑮ`/Ê`Ë̳ÍᔣÏ4ºᜐᳮ~Ä⌴ÐᑮÂðÑᑮl〈ὅᜐÓ஺l〈ÂÃḄᜐᳮ~Ôᨵ45Õ4ḄÖ×(Token),*ØÙÄ〈ḄÂÃÚ³vmÛḄᱯ᪗஺-Þ£ᨵ4ºᜐᳮ~ᢝᨵt5Ö×஺l〈ὅᙠl〈ÂÃ`/ᐸßᜐᳮ~ᜐ,eᦈÂÃḄ¾᝱஺l〈ὅ4àÉÂÃl〈áâᔣ`/ã〈Ö241

245×஺ᐸßᜐᳮ~äÄ⌴ÂäÖ×å᪷=◤⌕eᦈÂÃ஺᝞æºᜐᳮ~ç⌕l〈ÂÃᙠᦈᑮÖ×R³èÉÖ×ÄᔣÏ4ºᜐᳮ~tºᜐᳮ~âÙY`ËÌl〈ÂÃé஺᝞ᔜᜐᳮ~³l〈ÂÃÖ×âᙠ`ËÌ/³Í_`Ä⌴Ðᑮæºᜐᳮ~◤⌕l〈ÂÃÓ஺ᵫ,`¡¡e³eᐸᱥᳮêᦪë᧕íᑮîᑴïð〉ᔠ,ᨵòÙÂóôḄᐝöÙÂ஺ᐝöÙÂᵨᙠ÷ø/Ḅ஺`Ḅù¡ÂÃᙠP5eúᜐvᨵ45ᓫjḄÄûüýþḄᜐᳮ~~ᦪÿḄᜧ஺Ḅᓽᜐᳮᦪ"#$%₹"'()*+,-᪵/012ញᒓ56Ḅ78/0Ḅ129:ᢝ<=>?஺@ABCDEFᡂ

246ᐵ#·ᦪ¸ᔣ_¹Ḅ᩽»78ᦪhVᐰe¼Ḅᙽᦪ(n+i+m),½mzi+n,n=ᜐᳮ[i=I/O¾ᜓ(Tᑖᑮ/n=ª«ᘤᙽ}<$À^ᙢ$஺ᵨᐵEvᜧᜧ¹2⚣1Ã>/0ᦔ᳛஺ᐵÄᵨḄᢥᑖᒘᑴÈᢥᑖÉᑴ஺ÊËᜐᳮᡈI/O$⍝Ê˪«ᘤᙽᣚPᙠᐵᜐᨵ<=ᓫÎḄ஺ᯠ᝞Ð#=ᜐᳮᡈI/O$⍝ÑÒ<ÓªᙽᡈÑÒᐳÕÓªÖ×Ø)_ÙÚÛ@ѪÚÛÈÜÚÛ஺£Ev$Ý'tÞ᦮ᦪàᙠª«ᙽḄÎáᡈᐸâãäåæ஺@᪵,çè#ᜐᳮ/0ឋTḄê⚠nìÈᐳÕḄª«ᘤí஺îïFᑮ²7-7ᐵḄð<=ñ(<ᝅᐵó⌕ᨵ#ôõ¯ö÷Ø⌕ᨵᜐᳮÑÒª«ᘤᙽÚÛḄøùúûᨵ<ü2ýAl᦮=ᐵ▣ᑡÜþÿᩖḄ஺ᔣஹᔣḄᦪn,ᐵ▣ᑡḄᜓO(ri?)஺nᜧᐸᡂ!"#$ᐰ&2n'&((ᒹ+ᜐᳮ.ஹ/0ᘤ2ᙽ4I/஺ᜓ)Ḅᡂ஺678ᵨᐵḄ:ᜐᳮ.;

247ᩖឋgZᑮ/0ᘤ2ᙽVi஺67JKᦪ:;g᧕ᦋ஺z:ᜐᳮ.ᑭḄᜐᳮ.Ḅ.ᦪ=:JK/0ᘤLMḄj᪀ᡂḄ஺k7-8nJK/0LMḄj᪀ᵨ:JK/0ᘤ@AḄ:ᜐᳮ.ᨵIBM370/168MP,UNIVAC-1100/80.90,OCRAY-X-MP஺(5)≯¡BC.¢8ᵨ£¤¥/0ᘤᵨ¦§¨ᑖ©¡/0Yª஺ᙠ≯BCV§¨ᑖ©«ᑖᒘᡂ;ᑡ£Ḅ£©®;ᑖ©Vᡠᨵ£©¯°±²³´Mᢥµ¢¶ᙢ¸〈º®;ᑖ©VḄᡠᨵ£©Dᨵᜮ&Ḅ£©¼⍝ᐸᡠᙠ᦮'ᑖ©¸〈Ḅ¾Ḅᙢᵨ¿(´MÀÁ¸〈ḄeÂ஺ᔜ'ᑖ©ᐕĸ〈®ᑖ©VḄᔜ'£©!@dÅᙠ;p¸〈ᑭᵨÆÇt⍝ÈÉÊ/ᙠ¦ª〈4fᦈjÌÍ¢Ḅ;ᩩᱥᳮt⍝!Ð:'ÆÇt⍝ᑖᐳÒ஺ᡃÔVÕ▾×ØᡠÔÙÚ!×Ø.ẆܪVoẆᑴḄÝᐝ1000:ᜐᳮ.g8ᵨi≯BCᩭß=/0Yªᡠ◤Ḅtá¢஺(6)ᐵâãj᪀LMä᯿:JK/0ᘤḄÈÉå@Aj᪀Ḅᐵæᙠᔜᜐᳮ.ᡈfKᑁ&©ᡂᑖTMj᪀èᐵâãj᪀LM஺P;éᜐᳮ.t${Ḅᐵâãᐸê:éᜐᳮ.Af©ᡂ244

248ᔜëᑖTj᪀Ḅ:ᜐᳮ.஺ᐵâãḄ⌱íeÊᡠ©ᡂḄ:ᜐᳮ.ᨵîḄïᡫj᪀4ñḄ@Aᱯឋᱯb⌕〉eᜐᳮ..ᦪ:Ḅõö஺ᳮÉḄïᡫj᪀e÷øᡠᵨᐵâãᦪ=P'ᐵâãḄJKᦪ:!¯ùḄú¡åᦪ:Ḅᜐᳮ.AfpᩭûüýþÿᮣḄᦋᙽḄ᪀ᑮ᡽ᐙ஺3.ᘤḄ"#$ᜐᳮ'Ḅ()*+,ᵨᵫ$/ᙽ᪀ᡂḄ12ᘤ஺3412ᘤ56᝞8"#9:;ᔜᜐᳮ'=>?@=)ᙽABCDḄᭆ᳛GHIHᨵᦔᙢᑭᵨN12(Ḅ⚣PᕖRSTU⍝ᵫm/ᘤᙽ᪀ᡂḄ12ᘤᓫᐗḄᙢᙬZᢥ\]^_`ᙬḄ஺abᙢᙬ\]`ᙬḄ^_(⌕ᨵde\]fge\]hb஺m/ᙽḄde\]`ᙬ^_᝞i7-9ᡠkOᵫ(ᱥᳮᙢᙬḄdlog2memṹ⌱pᙽglog2nemṹ⌱pᙽᑁḄᓫᐗ஺᦮/ᘤᓫᐗᢥᱥᳮᙢᙬstuvᙢᑖxᙠᔜ/ᘤᙽz஺ᙽᑁ{stᓫᐗḄᱥᳮᙢᙬ|}ᐸ஺m/ᙽḄge\]`ᙬ^_᝞i7-10ᡠk஺ᵫ(ᱥᳮᙢᙬḄglog2memṹ⌱pᙽdlog2nemṹ⌱pᙽᑁḄᓫᐗ஺᦮/ᘤᓫᐗᢥᱥᳮᙢᙬstᙽ0ᑮᙽm-1|}ᑖxᙽᑁ{stᓫᐗḄᱥᳮᙢᙬZ|}Ḅ஺(ᱥᳮᙢᙬᙽᑁ{ᓫᐗτᙽ_log2஻elog2ei7-9m/ᙽe\]`ᙬ

249VPᱥᳮᙢᙬ1ᙽH;1ᙽᑁoᓫᐗHjog2§éê2஻3ᙠvஹᔣᡈ▣ᑡᜐᳮ'z()*+,ᵨge\]`ᙬḄ^ᫀ஺aZ;tᡈᦪᙠ=)/ᙽz2>᩽᧕?CDvᡈᔣ▣ᑡᔜᐗḄ?@f12¡¢£2¤d¥(¦▭Ḅ¨P஺©Zᙠ$ᜐᳮ'zᓾ«ᨵ=Ḅὃ⇋஺6ᔜ/ᜐᳮ'N®Ḅ£Zᐳ°=)±z|}ᱥᳮᙢᙬ²³zḄᦪ>(,ᵨde\]`ᙬZᨵᑭḄ஺ᯠµ6¶·¸Z¹:ᡈºᐳ°±zḄᦪ>(,ᵨde\]`ᙬ»᎔«AB½¾Ḅ?CD᝞,ᵨge\]`ᙬ¿஺;ᙠge\]`ᙬ>ᙠÀÁḄᘤᙽzÂ/£±z)ÁᦪḄ⚓☢Åᨵᦔᙢ9:?CD஺a>ÆÇᜐᳮ'i᡻2£⌕ᵨᑮḄÉᜧ$ᦪ⚓☢Ḅ3/ᘤᙽiËZᜐᳮ'iḄᙢᘤ(HomeMemory)஺¸⌕ᙠᜐᳮ'iNÍ2£ᐰ{®Ḅ⚓☢+ÏᒹÑᙠᘤᙽizµᘤᙽiÒᒹÑᙠᐸÓᜐᳮ'N2Ḅ£ᡠ◤⌕Ḅ⚓☢>ᜐᳮ'i«?ᙠCD஺6Õ/ᜐᳮ'N2Ḅ£+ÆᐸᡠᵨḄ®⚓☢ᙠÖ×Ḅᙢᘤz>ᔜᜐᳮ'«?CD¥஺abᙢᘤḄᭆØÙ£)ÚÛ஺6ᘤḄᙽᦪ$Üᜐᳮ''ᦪ>ᜐ24

250ᳮ'iḄᙢᘤÝ᝱ᙢᵫaßᙽzḄÂà/±ᔠ"ᡂµ=ᜐᳮ'ᑖâᵨᔜÖãᐰ=Ḅ)"ᘤᙽ஺8>᎛Õ/ᘤᙽ¸ÏᐸzḄ)/ᜐᳮ'ᡠ?@஺abᙢᘤḄᭆØ9:$ᜐᳮ'Ḅ?CDZåᨵᦔḄ஺ᵫÜ$ᜐᳮ'Ḅᜐᳮ')ᘤæ|çè)*ᡂ¹géêHëìgឋH⌕î᪀ï¹ðᩖ;ò(,ᵨ᝞i7-11ᡠkḄó_ᩭ"ᡂ஺Õ/ᘤᙽõh/ö÷)/|ᑮPMINNø)/ùú|ᑮû5Ḅᙢᜐᳮ'N஺abüᡫ᪀þÕ/ᜐᳮ'ᐸᙢᘤḄ?@Hÿ⚣ᜐᳮᘤḄᐵὑᜧḄ!"#ᜐᳮ$ᐸ&ᙢᘤ()Ḅ*+஺ᵫ./⌕12ᩭ45ᘤḄ678+Ḅ⌕9:;<=>ᡂ&:=>#஺@AᨵᑍDEFGHIJḄ;☠ឋᨵᡠNO஺CPQR:2SᵨUV&ᙢᘤḄᭆXᩭYᡂ/IJḄ஺Z7-11&ᙢᘤḄᭆX[\]ᜐᳮ^ᨵ_`ḄaᵨCache/Sᵨ>bcdeᙬgHCacheh\ᙽjkᑖᦣᑮ1@Ḅo]ᘤpᙽ(h஺U᪵Cacheᙠs〈]jkᙽḄuvh◤⚣ᙢxgyz=>jkᙽḄs{ᦔ᳛஺6ᙠoᜐᳮh~SᵨV247

251Ḅᘤ᪀᝞Z7-12ᡠ஺ᑡᑴᑡᑴ低Mo.oM|.oMc-io位交义M01-----MjIMc-5-l஺ᑡ1ᑡC-1ᑡObcdZ7-12oᜐᳮḄᘤ᪀ᘤᐳᨵcxm.Cacheh]jkᙽᡠḄᓫᐗᦪ6஺ᔜᑡ(SᵨObcdeᙬᑡᑁᔜpᙽ(ᑣSᵨ>bcdeᙬ஺\ᑡᨵ]ᑡᑴᵨ<ᑴᑡḄm]pᙽᵨ)ᑮ஺UVᘤḄY;<ᙢᓛ¡CacheḄ¢£஺[Cache$/(◤⌕¤¥jkᙽḄs〈:¦◤45/hḄ§ᑡ஺ᡠ<[ᑡᑴᑮ◤⌕s{ᜧ¨A6]ᓫᐗḄᙽjkḄ⌕9©ª«6]ᑁ¬9ᑮUᑡḄ6]®Ḅpᙽh஺7.2¯὚ᔠoᜐᳮoCacheḄ²ឋ5⚪7.2.1oCacheḄ²ឋ5⚪Ḅ´µA#¶·¸¹ᔠᳮḄᜧº/Ḅ458+>.ᜐᳮ8+]ᦪ»Ḅ¼½5⚪IJᙠᔜᜐᳮ¾/(¿~¡Àᨵ]O8ÁÂᘤCache஺ᙠoᜐᳮhÃÄÅÆÇᩖ஺ᵫ.\]ᜐᳮÉᨵ_`ḄaᵨCache,[/h@]jkᙽᙠo]CachehÉᨵg«¼o]Cache(ḄÊjkᙽḄᑁº1²Ḅ5248

252⚪஺ᓽHSᵨ4ÌhᡠÍḄᑏÏÐÑᜐᳮi¤ᑏÒÓ•;<ÕÖᐸCache$/Ḅᑁº²1×ÕÖᨵ6Ø&ḄᐸÙᜐᳮḄCachehḄjkᙽ$/hḄ²஺ᙠoᜐᳮA#NOIJḄᦔ᳛ᨵGᐕÛ¤vÜÝ]Þß᡻áâᢞäḄ¤vå+ᑮæ]çèḄᜐᳮx᡻HIJhᔜᜐᳮḄé₹Õᢝᙳ⊝U᪵îg⌼ᡂCache$/Ḅ1²஺AâÜÝḄ¤vhᨬñòᦋuḄjk¦ÕᶇᙠõᜐᳮḄCachehÜᑮöḄᜐᳮ÷¤v:gHᵨ/høuùḄújkH¤v1×ûüᙢýᑮឮÇ«┯஺᜜CacheḄᐭ/•CacheᙽCache!"ᙽḄᑁ$%&஺7.2.2CacheḄ&ឋ(⚪Ḅ*+,-1.*+012345ḄCache%&ឋ!6012345ḄCacheḄ%&ឋ(⚪789Ἥ;0123Ḅ,-<8*+78ᙠ01ᢞ5☠@AB-CCacheDE01ᦋᑏḄHIᙽJᑴᑏLM"NOḄ,-ᩭ*+஺2.8@AQRẠTUCacheḄ&ឋ8@AQRẠTUCacheḄ&ឋḄ,-ᨵW஺ᨬYZ[ᵨḄ,-]^_`Cacheab(SnoopyProtocol)-ᓽᔜᜐᳮhDḄCacheiᑴᘤklᙠ_`ḼᐸoCacheḄpq஺!6[ᵨrstuᐳwḄᜐᳮh7ᑭᵨrsḄy〈ᩭTU஺{|ᜐᳮh✌~CᦪᑏᐭCacheD{&HIᙽḄCᐸᑏᐭᑭᵨᑏH9rsᡠᨵᐸoᜐᳮhḄCacheiᑴᘤCrsḄᙢᙬᔜḄCache⊤DḄHIᙽᙢᙬ஺᝞ᙠHIᙽḄl"8ᜐᳮh⌕(EHIᙽᢥᙽᜐᳮᑮD¢£8ᩭTUCacheḄ249

253&ឋ஺WᦪᙽḄB-¤Qᑏ-஺᪵{|ᜐᳮhᙠCHI¦&~ᑏᐭCache{HIᙽ§᝞¨ᨵHI⌕ᑏᐭEHIᙽ©78ªᑏᐭ«ḄCacheD¬%ᵨᑏᐭ®ᑮᙽ⌕¯°ᣚ²ᑏL஺&W^-ᑣ´9rsᡠᨵᐸoᜐᳮhḄCacheiᑴᘤ᝞ᨵḄl0pµ¶஺WᡠᨵHIᙽµ¶Ḅ^-¤Qᑏµ¶-ᡈὅ¤Qyᑏ-஺_`Cacheab-TU¹ᓫ»ª〉ᵨ6rstuḄᜐᳮh஺¬%½´ᑏ¨´ᑏµ¶l⌕ᓰᵨrs%¿ÀÁᯠᑏ-ᑏµ¶-¿ᓰᵨrsÃĪÅᵨ6hᦪ¿ḄᜐᳮhD஺ᖪÇᓄḄᜐᳮhᜧ[ᵨ-஺Ê᝞IBMËÌḄIBM37O/168MPஹIBM3033,AlliantÎÏhËÌḄAlliantFX,8SequentÎÏhËÌḄSymmetryᜐᳮhl[ᵨᑏ-ÐDECËÌḄFireflyᜐᳮhÑÒᑣ[ᵨᑏµ¶-஺ᜐᳮhḄhᦪÓᡈὅ%[ᵨrsÔtu_`Gacheab-©%〉ᵨÕ஺Ê᝞[ᵨÖ×ØtuḄᜐᳮhDÖ×ØÙ-y〈9ᡠ8⌕[ÚᐸoḄ,-஺ᐸD⌕´⊤-஺WB-⌕ÛÜ&⊤⊤DḄÝ&⚗Dß&ᦪᙽḄàᵨáâᒹäᵨå᪗çNᑖéᢣëHIᙽḄᙠᐸoåᜐᳮhḄCacheD´ᔲᙠ஺Ê᝞ᵨ0⊤ë!"NḄCacheDíᨵEᵨ1⊤ë!"NḄCacheDᨵE஺᜜¨î&᪗çNß´ᔲïᨵCacheᔣHIᙽᑏᐭ஺ᨵÕ⊤§&ᜐᳮhᙠᑏᐭCacheḄª◤ᨵ⌱óᙢ9ᡠᨵᐸoᨵᦪᙽḄCacheCᡈµ¶ᓽ7஺⊤Ḅᐹõ-ö7ᑖ3W஺&W´ᐰ᧜ù⊤⊤DÝ⚗ᨵN᪗çN!"6ᜐᳮhDᐰúN|ᜐᳮhḄCache஺DᐰúCacheᙳ7ü&HIᙽḄ஺%᪵Ḅ⊤Óýᜧ@Aiᑴᙳþᩖ஺ᨵ▲⊤⊤⚗250

254Ḅ᪗~஺▲ᑴᦪᙽᙠᔜCache!"Ḅ#$ᦪ஺%&⊤'(ᙢ!ᐭᙠᐳ,Ḅ-!.◤⌕ᵫ-!ᔣᔜᜐᳮ567஺89:;⊤஺<=⊤ᑖᦣ!"ᙠᔜCache-!@!ᨵᢣ┐ᢣᔣCᜐᳮ5஺⌕DEᡠᨵ"ᨵGHIᙽḄCacheJᐜEᑮCᜐᳮ5ḄCache,ᯠNO:⌲CDEQᑮEᑮ⊤Ḅᢣ┐RSJRT஺3.VWXRYẠ[\]CacheḄ^ឋV`XRYẠḄabcᜧefghiḄjHkᜐᳮ5ᦪl]J`Xmnopᩖ஺rstVWXRYẠḄa஺

2557.3]ᜐᳮ5Ḅ¥Þឋឋ]ᜐᳮ5¥Þឋß!ᙠᢣᑁm!ᙠᢣ᜜âãᑭᵨäஹæçèéஹஹØÙᢣஹ`Xê]⌶ìᩭíî஺]ᜐᳮ5ºïðḄ¥Þ{jᔣkᓄ[\᝞ᑭᵨ☢ᔣSIMDḄ¥Þ䵶ᔣkᦪñḄ¥Þòä•ØÙÀïðḄôõöḄ¥Þ-⌕☠äஹஹèéØÙᩭí÷஺7.3.1¥Þä1.¥ÞäḄ®ùᑖäú®»µ¡ᱯ®ü⚪JḄᨵþḄòäᜐᳮÿ஺ᢣ᡻ḄḄᔠᔜᵨஹ஺ᢥ!"#$ᑖ&ᦪ()Ḅ*ᦪ()+,஺!-.ᦪ᝞0▣ஹ⚗34(ஹ5ឋ7849:;&ᦪ()᝞⌱@ஹ᣸BஹCDஹEFᜐᳮḄI⌕#FKḄ;&*ᦪ()஺ᢥLḄMBNOᑖ&P)ஹQP)RS)3T஺P)ᢣḄᔜLᵫ-ᐵVWMX:Y஺QP)ᢣḄᔜL᡻RSNZ[ᐵ\:Y]᪷_᡻`abcdeᡈgh஺RS)ᢣḄᔜLiᐰRSkLN◤⌕mn஺᪷_ᔜᜐᳮopqrḄᜧtuᓽqrwxyNOᑖ&zwxஹdwx{wx3T஺zwx|}ᢣᔣᡈḄ஺dwx|}ᢣᜧḄTḄᜐ⊡[ᩭḄ᜜├஺{wxᑣ|}ᢣqrḄ஺᜜ᵨ᪀ឋᩭ⊤ḄᔜLḄx஺|}Bᦪ_Ḅᜐᳮo252

256ḄkLQ᪀ឋḄ\ᙠᓫBᦪ_ḄᜐᳮoḄᑣ᪀ឋḄ஺2.ᜐᳮoḄẆ¡¢b-poḄ£᪀⚪¥¦§¨ᜐᳮoឋ©Ḅᐵª஺ᜐᳮoᦪ¥«⌕¬⚪ᑖ9ᡂᵫ¯°ḄᜐᳮoᜐᳮḄ±᩽ᐸ´µḄ஺ẆḄ|T¡¶ᜧḄBᑖ9ᡂᵫ¯°ḄᜐᳮḄ±uஹqrஹB·y஺¸±¹ºᡂ|£»¶±kLḄᐵὶᐵ>ᵨ£»8ᡂḄ᪛ᩭ¾¿஺᪵Bᑁᔜ±kLḄᐵ>¹Ãᡂ|TÄ⊤Å3dᔜ⚗kLḄ⊤Å3dḄ¸|⚗ƺᡂ|B·Ḅ£Ç஺[ẆB·kLḄ⚪ÂÈÉᡂ#Ä⊤Å3᝞ÊḄ⚪஺&ËÌÍᡠ§ÏḄḄឋ©ᦔ᳛ᵨP⊤ᜐᳮḄᜐᳮooᦪÒᵨTp⊤PÓᜐᳮoḄᦪᓽ᪛¨ÒᵨᜐᳮoḄÔÕÖSp,⊤ᓫᜐᳮoMBḄᦪ:TiØPÓᜐᳮoḄᦪTpkÖÒᵨÙ⊤PÓᜐᳮoḄÈᜓᑭᵨ᳛uᦔ᳛yEp=Sp/PMN,Sp21ZÜEpj,ᓽḄÔÕÝÞßḼᦔ᳛Ḅáâ஺VW〉äᐹæḄpo£᪀஺çᜐᳮoèéêᵨë.᪵ìíBîx⁚ḕBᡠᓰḄòóôLõᓄ÷øùúú«N〉ᔠ-ᜐᳮo[&¦ZûüᜧḄᐵᯠ\êᵨþÿᨵ᎔Ḅឋ஺⊤ᡂ᪛᪀Ḅឋ!᝞#$᪛%&ᣚ()*Ḅ+ᦪᓽ./᪛0஺᪛᪀1(ᵨ3ᣚ4ஹᔠ4ஹᑖ84ᩭ&ᣚ᪛Ḅ:஺ᵫ<ᜐᳮ?@⌕!BCDEFGḄHI1Jᜧ᪛LMNOḄPᦪᓽJᜧ᪛ḄQDRᔜᜐᳮ?1ḄᦪI1Jᜧ(./᪛ḄDᓽ./ᜐᳮ?Ḅ+ᦪ஺Tᨬᜧ▲D./W᪛ḄDXYHZ[\᪛ḄQDRXᙠ^ᑮN`Ḅa253

257CbஹXY᝞#)*?ᦪPᩭ)*ᜐᳮ?ᦔ᳛Ḅ./஺efᐜhi⊤^jḄᨬkljmnᑭᵨ3ᣚ4pqḄrLᙠNs஺ᯠYZᑭᵨᔠ4uavwḄxyᦪz{|}~8$I1hᡂ᪛Bᨬ\Ḅ}᪛஺ᨬYZvw}᪛ᔠsᩭ஺7.3.2ឋḄᑖ᪆ᔲ◀W᜜ᜧD<Ḅ᪀஺Lᔜᦪpᐵ!▲ᑴḄ⌕E஺ᦪpᐵ1ᙠ<ᢣX1ᙠ<X஺☢hXḄᦪpᐵᩭᑖ᪆Ḅឋ⚪஺Ꮇ`Nᒹ¡PiP,P.....Pj,...Pn¢nᐸ¤ᑏḄ¦᧜W¨23©f᡻Ḅ¦஺B«<ᑖ᪆¬P,®!Nᩩ°±RᙠPjX²᡻³´µPiPjXᦪḄklpᐵᐵ¶஺·▭ᓽRPiPj⊤☢¹ᨵᦪpᐵ1eº»XḄᐸ¼°±ᡂlḄᦪpᐵ஺!½☢µḄ|ᳮᙠ·▭HᵨH〉T¿Q஺ᙠÀ5ÁLÂÃÄÅÆÇᢣXᦪpᐵ1ᨵ"ᐜᑏYÉ"ஹ"ᐜÉYᑏ""ᑏ-ᑏ"3Ë஺ᙠᜐᳮ?ᔜᜐᳮ?ḄÌᯠ!ÄÅḄEFXÌᯠÍmÎÏḄ3Ëᦪpᐵ஺1.ᦪpᐵ᝞ÑPiḄÒÓ&ÔᙠPjḄÕÓ&Ôrᑁ³PjÌ×mPi,ḄÑᩭyBxᦪ{Pj"ᦪpᐵ"

258pT<ÆÙLnÚḄ“ᐜᑏYÉ"pᐵ஺¦ÜḄ©ÝÑHT!H4Þ=3|+0|Pj஺Þ=“Þ*£|=,8|+஺|~*£|᝞ÑãPiPjRḄCÞᡂWA|*E|äᯠå!HᨵḄÑEFRPj!åḄ஺᝞ÑæPiPjḄ᡻¦ç᎔3ᣚÜᓽᐜ᡻Pj,YZ᡻Pièäq᪵êåᑮHᨵḄ©ÝÑ஺᝞Ñë3ᣚÜ1(ãìíᜐᳮ?ᐜî᡻Pj,hᨵᑭ<ïðᔜḄañyò᡻ḄCDᦋ%¶ôḄᦔ᳛஺ᯠᨵNËᱯö÷ᓽTPiPjøh3ᣚ4᝞PiA=2*APj4=3*Aùå᡻ᓾᐕüº»3ᣚÜ஺ᨬýAÞ=6*A|¦᡻ḄÑNþ஺2.ᦪpᐵ᝞ÑPjḄÒÓ&ÔᙠPiḄÕÓ&Ôrᑁ³TPiÿᵨᐸḄᐕPjᡠᦋḄPj"ᦪᐵ"Pi஺᝞PiC=A+£PjA=B+Z!"Ḅ"ᐜ$%ᑏ"ᐵ஺'()*+*Ḅ,-./0Pjc1=42+*2Pj41=62ᓝ02

2599:Pi;Pj<*=.?⌕ABCDEFPiGᐵᓫᐗAᐜ$JDKᑮ,-Ḅ./஺ᯠNOPPiQPjRᣚ)*ᡂUPj41V32+02PjC1=41ᓝ*2=32+஺2+E2N!"┯XᡠYDRᣚ)*Ḅ஺Z[\᪵^ABCEFGᐵᓫᐗᐜ$%ᑏḄ_(ᕖabᵨc7-13ᡠdḄeᜐᳮh.᪀jkDlmᙢEFopq஺rstᜐᳮhḄuv./ᐜᨚxyzḄ{|x}ᘤᡈCachex}ᘤញᦋ2ᩭxᐳxᓫᐗḄᑁ஺o᪵?⌕ᑴ{|x}ᘤᡈCachex}ᘤᔣᐳxḄᑏᐭᓽ9஺3.ᦪJᐵ᝞/PiḄ|PjḄ|PjxᐭᐸKḄᙠPixᐭ%ᑣPj"ᦪJᐵ"Pi஺᝞RA=B+DPjA=C+Eᢥ2᡻*'(A106C+E஺9:?⌕DEFPiᐜᑏᐭ%Pjᑏᐭot(¡9Y<*஺ᯠRᣚ)**Ḅ¢6ᨬ%./P¤A1ᡂ6B+DU஺◀UC¦3§ᐵ᜜᝞/t(¡Ḅᐭ©6J=ᐹᨵ“ᐜᑏ%$"Q"ᐜ$%ᑏ"§ᐵYRᣚᦪ6Ḅᑣὅ<*᡻*¯D'()*,DRᣚ)*஺᝞±²Ḅஹ´©Rᣚ25

260PiA=BPjB=Ac7-13DEF$ᑏ_(Ḅeᜐᳮh.᪀<*᡻*◤⌕EF$ஹᑏ¶ᐰ஺ᯠ᝞/ᙠc7-13ᡠdḄeᜐᳮhC+*o᪵Ḅ(¡Dy¸EF$-ᑏ_(º»GḄ⌕¼஺᝞/t(¡½xᙠ¾¿p§ᦪᐵ¯Àᐳᡈᐳ?JÁᙠ´|ḄÂuvᦪᑣt(¡9YÀᩩBᙢ<*᡻*9Y'()*ᡈRᣚ)*஺᝞PiA=B+CPjD=B*E.ÄÅt(¡½Oᨵᐜᑏ%$ḄᦪᐵD<*?ᙠᱯÇÈÉÊ9YRᣚ)*ËOᨵᐜ$%ᑏḄᦪᐵ9Y<*᡻*ÌEFᐸᑏᐭᐳx=Ḅᐜ$%ᑏ_(DRᣚ)*ÅOᨵᑏ-ᑏḄᦪJᐵ9Y<*᡻*Ì᪵◤EFᐸᑏᐭḄᐜ%_(DRᣚ)*ËO=ᨵᐜᑏ%$Qᐜ$%ᑏ§ᐵYRᣚᦪ6Ḅ=,<*᡻*$ஹᑏ⌕¶ᐰ'()*QRᣚ)*ËOÍᨵ¾¿ᐵᡈÎᨵÂᦪ=9Y<*ஹ'()*QRᣚ)*஺257

2617.3.3<*±Ï;<*ÐÑ<*Ò◤⌕ᵨ<*(ᩭÓÁ஺6UÔÕ(<*ឋḄ×ØDÙᨵ⌕ᙠ(±ÏÚÔDÛ-⊤d

262᝞K'ᐳᑣ#ᘤᢣ┐ஹ᧜ᦪ$ᩗᦪḄᜐᳮᑖ45"#ḄIF᝞Kᨵᜐᳮᑣ0@᣸?Gᙠᜐᳮ᡻FORKdfḄF஺/FORKdf4ᔠq¡*hFḄ¢£dfJOINḄmnqJOINn,ᐸnqhFḄ*ᦪ஺JOINdf▬ᨵ)*iᦪᘤᐸ¥¦q0஺¡§᡻JOINndf•iᦪᘤḄ¦¨1,/n©ª஺«©ª?⊤s9'᡻Ḅ¬n*hF®JOINdf¯'ᐕ±²F³®JOINdfiᦪᘤ´஺ᙠᐸᜐᳮG᡻CGdf«©ª6?iᦪᘤḄ¦µ¶¯n,⊤sOF6'hFḄᨬC)*.oᙠ᡻JOINdfḄ9*FᐜUV¸0ᡠᓰᵨḄᜐᳮº»-ᩭᑖ45¼ᙠ᣸?ᐸ1!஺᝞Kᨵ᣸?Ḅ!L²ᜐᳮ஺²r᝞½¾¿gᡠ#ᡂḄᢣÀÁÂᔲ<ᨵÄ⌕ḄÅÆ஺UÇyÈ⊤☢ÊᜐᳮḄ¡)*ᜐᳮ$ᜐᳮḄ¡)*ᜐᳮᓫᐗÌÍÎ▣Ð7ᡂḄÑ')᪵ḄÓᜐᳮÔnᓾᨵ᪷×ØÙ஺¬)ᜐᳮḄ¡)ᩩᢣÀ⌕Ì8*ᜐᳮᓫᐗgJ=0…7Ḅ6,ᦪÜ7ᐰ,Ýᙢjßᙠᜐᳮᓽ(ᨵ8*ᜐᳮ᡻,)*\6◤⌕<6á7ᐰ,Ýâ½ã6,ᜐᳮ᡻Ḅ\ä.;'å6,Ḅ஺9'æç/!çḄèÙ஺¬éᜐᳮ.ᵨḄᜐᳮᦪêg¾ᑏᨵÅÆᓽg.ᵨḄᜐᳮᦪêìíî⌕Ì஺9'ïqᜐᳮḄᑖ4$º»ð_᧜ᙠFORK$JOINdfḄñÂᵫæbóᑴ஺9'ᜐᳮg¯ᜐᳮḄÄ⌕ôõö)஺7.3.4ᜐᳮḄឋÂ(ᵨᜐᳮḄ⌕êḄ'ᵨ*ᜐᳮh᡻*!ᩭp÷Í⚪ùú஺᝞K259

263ûᜐᳮ¢üᙠ᡻ᨵᵨḄæbóÍ⚪ḄùúឋÂ'áýᜐᳮᦪêḄþ¨ßp÷Ḅ஺Óÿ▭⚪ᨵḄᑖ⚪◤├ᵨឋḄ!"ᔠᜐᳮ&'Ḅ()*+ஹ-.ஹ/01ᑴ!34567ᜐᳮ&Ḅ/0ឋ89:;Ḅ⌕=67஺?4(TaskGranularity)ḄᜧBCD℉FG7ᜐᳮ&Ḅឋ8!ᦔ᳛஺?4B├ᜧ/0ᦔ᳛=J?4ᜧ4=ឋ8CKL஺MN⌕ᔠᳮ⌱P?4ᜧB5ᐸR8ᙳᒴU⌕VWXYZ[├\]^/0ឋ8_ᜐᳮ&ᦪaḄbᜧ8ᨵcᜧḄdL஺eᯠᜐᳮ&&ᦪb7gUhὃ⇋᝞ldmnoḄpq᛻\ZstuvḄw4஺⊝y?4ᜧBḄz{|}~tᵨᨵᦔvḄ᡻g'Aᜐᳮ&'Ḅ()├g'CḄ9஺ᨵ/Ccᜧgឋᨵoᜐ஺᝞ᨬᜧ4CᩭᨬᜧḄ()├᎔᝞bᜧ?4=4ᩭZ[├஺MN6ᨬḄឋ8ឋ!᜜├ᩗ⊝஺?4U/0Ḅhᵨᨵᐵ஺7a᪗M&'()├[?4ᜐᳮ஺⌕¡ᑍ£v86ᑮ¥Ḅ⚪a¦?4ᜐᳮM?4Cᑖbᜧ᜜├!&ᘤ⌼©ª⚪ᦔ᳛=஺MN/0uvh5ᐸ8hᵨ«⚪Ḅ?4W6c〉஺⚪aḄឋ᝞8ᨵᦔᙢ᣾°ᩭ&ᦪKᜧḄ7ᜐᳮ&Cbᜧ/0Ḅ±ᩖឋ!ᡂ´஺µgᨵ=4¶ᑮ86ᦔ·¸஺Ꮇºz{hᵨt»T{ᙠN½ᜐᳮ&¾¿À{Ḅ᡻g'E஺Á{ᙠ-z½ᜐᳮ&¾᡻~◤⌕&'()ḄÂᙠ-ᜐᳮ&¾᡻Ã8⌕&'()uÀÄ()├g'C஺ᨵg()ÅÆ~\vᙠg'¾ÇÈḄ᝞ᜐᳮ&᡻ᢣÊḄ-g(I/OËÌ()Â7{ᜐᳮ&Í«ᐳÏᦪ}ஹ()ÐÑÒÓᡈᜐᳮ&'-.ÕgÅÆÃ8vᙠg'¾ÇÈÖ஺20

264_Ḽ7ᜐᳮ&&ᦪḄbÙ⚪gᵨvḄÚᑖ᡻g'CZ[Â34ஹᐳÏÛÜḄÝÞஹ-.ஹ&'()├CbᜧߪµàbᜧḄy89&ᦪḄáឋbÙU⌕ᜧ஺¥âãᙠäzᱯº/0¾tḄ᡻g'()᜜├g'Ḅ9æᜧvæᨵᑭNgVᵨ?4~\dLᜐᳮḄ4Ḅ஺Â8ᓫé☠bᜧᜐᳮ&&ᦪᩭᑴ⌼°Lឋ8Ḅ7ᜐᳮ&MëᔠᳮḄឋ8©ìஹ&ᘤḄ¥᪀ஹᡠᵨḄ()ᢈð!ᐹòhᵨ«⚪Ḅᱯឋὃ⇋7ᜐᳮ&Ḅ&ᦪ~ᨵz{▲Ḅ஺Ã7ᜐᳮ&ßô¥᪀uvὅhὃ⇋᝞luv°z{5öR8Lª©ìᔠᳮஹᜐᳮ&&ᦪ7÷8Lᦔ5ᵨḄ7ᜐᳮ&஺&ᦪḄbÙß8ᩭឋ8ḄáឋdL஺uv⌕ὃ⇋ᙠᱯº7ᜐᳮ&¾᝞løz{ᐹòhᵨ«⚪ᑖᒘ⌱Púû᪵Ḅ?4ýᨵᦔḄv!()᜜├þᑮÿ⊝ᦔᑭᵨḄḄὃ⇋ᡠᨵᜐᳮᵨ஺ᐹᨵᨬ!"ឋḄ$ᫀ!&'⚪)*ᨬ+Ḅ$ᫀ஺⌕-ᡂ/ᙢ1ᵨᦔḄ2ᜐᳮ34ᐭ678!"9:ஹ!"<=ஹ!">?@AᢈCD᝞FGHI᜜6├L$☢ḄNᔠẆQ஺7.42ᜐᳮḄRSᒹU!"ឋḄ>?ᙠ2ᜐᳮW"X◤⌕ᨵZ3Ḅ[ᑴ᪀ᩭᜐᳮḄᑖ`Da>b*ஹcdஹefghḄiᳮᦻkḄiᳮlmᜐᳮᡈ@ᜓᦑqXḄrstu⌕v2ᜐᳮRSᵨwkxyᩭḄ஺2ᜐᳮRS3ᐹᨵ>?᡻"Ḅ!"ឋRS/{Ḅᑖ|ឋ}ef~cdឋlḄ┯t᪵ᱯ஺2ᜐᳮRSᨵ3஺u(Master-SlaveConfiguration)ஹᔜ21

265(SeparateSupervis஺஺l(FloatingSupervisor)஺7.4.1uRSiᳮ>?ᙠᢣḄᜐᳮuᜐᳮW"஺uᜐᳮḄ᡻"iᳮ/{Ḅ[ᑴᜐᳮ~ᐸᜐᳮZcḄeᵨ◀᡻"iᳮ/{᜜{¢ᐸ$☢Ḅ3ᵨ஺ᵫ¤uᜐᳮ¥¦iᳮ§ᡠᨵᐸᜐᳮᜐᳮḄ¨᝱lᐸªSḄᑖ`«ᜐᳮ¬ᡂb*Ḅ8᦮Ḅ®§[ᑴ¯°±²®§[ᑴᡈ[ᑴ$³஺ᜐᳮe´µiᢣ¶ᡈ◍Trapw§¸ᩭ¹ºuᜐᳮ»¼Ḅ஺1.¿uRSḄÀ᪀ÁÂÃᓫÅ᦮iᳮ>?ᙠᜐᳮW"◀Æm◤⌴Èbᵨᡈ2rbᵨḄÉᵨ>?ÊËÌᐭḄÅᨵᜐᳮµÍ᡻"⊤gᙠiᳮ[ᑴ⊤ÏḄµÍÐÑDÒÓÃᓄÕiᳮ[ᑴḄ஺ᡠᨵtᙳ×RS{ᨬᜧ▲*ᙢᑭᵨÚᨵḄᓫᜐᳮ2⍝>?ᑖXRSḄᡂÜ◤⌕8ÝÞ᡽ᐙᓽ஺¯°âᩭÃᓫஹvãஹ$äåᜧ2ᦪ2ᜐᳮRSᡠ1ᵨḄ$³஺2.ç8uᜐᳮḄ☠ឋ⌕ºé஺êëìᦑqé᧕×᦮îïtXËðᵫRSᕒò⚜ô"஺᝞Üuᜐᳮ@AᡂᵨḄRSᕒᵨᐸᜐᳮS²õḄuᜐᳮᩭrõö஺᦮÷øùᮣûcX⌕ºuᜐᳮËð{+)᡻"ᐸiᳮ/{,ýåLþ¹ºälX²ᜐᳮᑖ`ÿᔲᑣᜐᳮ℉Ḅᦔ᳛஺ᓽᜐᳮḄᑴᜐᳮ᝞#$₹&'()*+᦮-Ḅឋ/஺ᱯ12ᜧ4ᑖ6789ᵫ;⚣=ᙢ⌕@ᜐᳮAᡂᜧCḄDᳮឋEFᦔ᳛22

266)℉஺3.〉ᵨKᔠMEF〉ᵨ;NF$₹OPᜐᳮ/QR;ᜐᳮᡈᵫT/UV8ᜧḄᜐᳮWᡂḄX᪀MZᜐᳮ஺7.4.2ᔜ\]^MEFᔜ\]^MEFᑴT/ᑖᦣ`ZaᜐᳮᐳcAᡂd᦮-ḄᑴNF஺eaᜐᳮ7ᨵg-]^ḄDᳮhijEFḄᑁ᪶mᙠopᓽeaᜐᳮ7ᨵg-ᑁ᪶Ḅqrᢥ\tḄ◤⌕vᑖw`xḄhi◤⌕ᩭ᡻pᔜ{DᳮT/஺ᵫ;Zaᜐᳮ᡻pDᳮhi⌕@Dᳮhi|}~ᐭḄᡈdeaᜐᳮᵨḄDᳮhiqr஺1.8〉ᑖᜐᳮḄᙽᓄ᪀ᱯdᜧMᑴᵨᜐᳮḄ◤@-ᜐᳮᦑ)᦮-ᨵḄ~☠ឋeaᜐᳮ7ᨵᐸᵨᑴ⊤⊤Ḅ¡()ᨵ¢Z£ᵨḄ᡻p⊤cᑴ¤h¥ᵨᡝ¤hg¤p§¨/©ªḄᦔ᳛஺2.«¬®ᩖ஺°Deaᜐᳮ7ᨵ\±Ḅᵨᑴ⊤²³ᨵg´ᐳµ⊤)¶·ᐳµ⊤Ḅ¡¸¹¤h§¨Ḅ®ᩖឋ¥º├Ḅ·ᜧ஺aᜐᳮg¼ᦑ⌕½ឮ®¥'¿᡻pÀAᡂḄNFÁÂ஺eaᜐᳮ7ᨵ\±ᵨḄÃᐭ/ÃÅÆᜓ¥ᦻÉ᦮-ḄÃᐭ/ÃÅ᪀Êᣚ◤⌕EFᕒÍ⚜஺ᔜᜐᳮ$₹ḄÏ⊝ÑÁÂ஺ᔜaᜐᳮ◤ᨵÒ4ÓÔᘤÓÖDᳮhiqr×ÓÔᘤḄᑭᵨ᳛஺23

2673.〉ᵨKᔠᔜ\]^MEF〉ᵨ;Ù὚ᔠZᜐᳮ஺7.4.3ÛÜMEFÛÜMEFÝ;M¥ᔜ\]^MEFÞḄg{ᢚàáâᐸDᳮhi~ãᙠᜐᳮÞÛÜ஺ᙠgäḄåᢣPgaᜐᳮçᑴᜐᳮ²ᐹéᢣPêgaᜐᳮãvë6Zᑴᜐᳮ7OPḄ஺ᑴhi~ãgaᜐᳮìíᑮïgaᜐᳮᐸðᜐᳮà~ãcᨵZaᜐᳮ᡻pcg-Dᳮñòhi஺óZᦪDᳮhi|}~ᐭḄ஺ᵫ;cgå~ãᨵZaᜐᳮᜐ;D᝱ᨵ~/⊤¥ᦪö÷Ḅ¡gøùᵨúûáüýþ஺ñÿ☟᝱ᑖᡈ᝱ᑴᐜ஺1.ᔜᙢ"ᑮ$₹&⊝஺()*I/O+,-./0Ḅ234ᵫᙠ789:ᨬ<Ḅᜐᳮ?@᡻B஺CᙠDEF᪀H☠ឋKᐹᨵᑖNᑴḄOPᙠ23QRḄSᩖឋHUVឋKᑣXYZ[\]஺᝞_23QR`abOcdeᜐᳮ??ᦪghḄijOkPᐹᨵlḄᮣnឋ஺2.op]23QRḄ`aᨬqrs஺3.〉ᵨvᔠxQR〉ᵨZy὚ᔠgᜐᳮ?Oᱯ|}~ᐳ[HI/஺QRḄgᜐᳮ?ᡂḄ᪀]gᜐᳮ?஺24

2687.5gᜐᳮ?ḄYᓝᩭOgᜐᳮ?lOᨵᑖNᐳᘤgᜐᳮ?(DistributedSharedMemoryMultiprocessor)gᜐᳮ?ஹgᔣgᜐᳮ?ஹBᔣᜐᳮ?(ParallelVec-torProcessor,PVP)ஹᜧBᜐᳮ?(MPP)H?QR-07.5.1ᑖNᐳᘤgᜐᳮ?ᙠᜧBᜐᳮ?+OᵨᑖNᐳᘤO᧕Z᡽ᐙQR஺¡}O᝞_ᔜᜐᳮ?¢U£¤¥⌴Od§X¨©.ªᙢᘤO«c¬®rsO¯°±├³´஺qµO¶·gᵨᐳ¸¹ᘤḄOᓽᑖNᐳᘤḄᩭ஺ᡠ¼ᐳ¸¹ᘤ}ᢣcᱥᳮKᑖᦣḄgÀᜐᳮ?ᡠÁᨵḄªᙢᘤᙠÂÃKR(ᙬOÅᡂ(R(Ḅ¸¹ᙢᙬÆ:OÇÈᘤḄᐳ஺ᑖNᐳᘤḄgᜐᳮ?ᵨCache¶É⊤ᩭËᢝᑖNCacheḄ(Íឋ஺ᵨᑖNᐳᘤḄÎ⊤ឋaÏ?ᨵStanfordDASHஹSGI/Cray.0rigin2000HCrayT3D-஺7.5.2gᜐᳮ?ᜧឋÐÑᜐᳮᘤÒᱏUÔÕÖ×ÔÕOᐳ[Ḅgᜐᳮ?QRØᨵÙlᜧOÚÛÜÝᦪÞßàḄpáÏOᦪÞᐚã⁚ḄᑁHælOGB/sḄ¨ç஺I/OçOᑖ9ᐳÐèஹé┯ÐèᙳlìOᵨZ⚣îïBḄ+ðḄñòóô®aÏஹõöᜐᳮHᦪ÷øùᳮ஺«úgᜐᳮ?Ø⌲üýÎþÿᐳᘤᔣᜐᳮ஺ᔣᜐᳮḄᜐᜐᳮᘤᵨḄᵨḄᖪᓄᙠᱏ,CacheḄᜐᳮᘤ!᜜#ᱏ᜜Cache,$%&'(ᡈ*+,-.ᐵ0ᑮᐳᘤ2஺3456Ḅ25

2697ᔜ9ᜐᳮᘤᙳ;<ᙢ>?ᐳᘤஹI/OAᜓCDEF34ឋH%஺I34Ḅ;᡽KLMHN஺OPQR34SᦪḄᜐᳮᘤᦪU649VLWXYᜧ[\Ḅ]^஺ᵨ56SᜐᳮḄᐺ`]^ᨵDECAIphaServer8400ஹSGIPowerchallengeஹIBMR50,SUNUItraErterpriselOOOCᡃcḄdᐝf<஺7.5.3SᔣSᜐᳮ20hi80jkC90jklcCmnᑴ⌼qrSᜧ[\Ysᔣtu᝞lcḄCRAYY-MPCC-90,mnFujistuḄVP2000CVPP500<஺Qw34x;yz{S|ᜐᳮஹS9ᔣtu}~C᪗}~ᐳ஺7.5.4ᔣᜐᳮᔣᜐᳮᵫᦪO<ḄLḄᵨᔣᜐᳮᘤ$%Ḅ*+,-.ᐵ0ᑮᐳḄᘤ\ᙽ9ᜐᳮ34Y1GFL0PS,Qᘤ7ᵨCache,ᵨᜧᔣᘤCᢣᘤ஺ᐺ`34ᨵCRAYC-90ஹCRAYT-90ஹNECSX4,VPP500CᡃcḄ2f<஺7.5.5ᜧ[\ᜐᳮᵫVLSICᜐᳮᢈḄKy%ᢈᵨ⚞5]^C¡ᙠ]^ᜐᳮCឋL2¢£¤¥%Ḅ⌕§¨᩽ᜧḄᜐᳮᦪªஹ«¬ᩖḄD^ஹ¯[ᑣḄᦪª±᪀ஹ᩽%Ḅᜐᳮ&³´7Kᜧ[\Ḅᜐᳮᡂq20hi80jk¶·]^KḄ¸¹஺ᜧ[\ᜐᳮ◤⌕ᨵ»Ḅ]^¼½ஹᢈஹᜐᳮ¾¿C±᪀ÀÁ¼ÂÃᦪ2

270ÄÅᦪᓟ9%ឋLஹÇᡂnḄRISCᜐᳮᘤᵨÈḄ0¡0Àᡂᜧ[\ᜐᳮɯÊᯠḄq஺QRᜐᳮ;̶ͳCÎͳᜧ[\ᜐᳮ᪀ᡂSIMDᡈMIMD34஺ᐹᨵឋLÐÑÒ%C;᡽KឋÓḄÔ¹஺᝞Õ9RISCᜐᳮᘤḄឋLUÖOOMFLOPS,ᑣ10249Q᪵ḄᜐᳮᘤÀØᡂḄMPP34ᐸᨬ%ឋLÉÛlOOGFLOPSoQÒᵨᓫᜐᳮ᪀ᡂḄÝ`ḄឋL⌕%¤rSÞ⌼Ð;LßḄ1/5஺;᡽KឋÓ⊤áᙠLÒH¼âᙢãä±¹ᜐᳮᘤᦪ734Ḅ[\ஹᜐᳮ&³ஹ34ÐÑåæᵨḄ◤⌕஺ᵨᑖèÂᘤᩭäê>?ë஺ì·ḄMPPᜧxíSIMD`ᜐᳮᓫᐗᦪ¯S᝞TMC1987jḄCM-2ᜐᳮᓫᐗᦪÛ4K-64K,9ᜐᳮᓫᐗL¯ïᓫIᵫᵨឋNðyK஺ñᩭᜧSᙳᵨMIMD`᝞TMCḄCM-5ᨬSᨵ16K9ᜐᳮᘤ஺nCUBEòó1992j6ᨴõ¤ḄnCUBE2,ᵫ81929ᵨᜐᳮᘤᵨYö¼÷¡0ÀᡂḄMIMD34ᨬ%ឋL;Û34GFLOPSC12300MIPS஺1995jõ¤ḄnCUBE3,ᵨ128~655369ᵨᜐᳮᘤÀᡂMIMD34ᜐᳮᘤøùឋLU100MFLOPS,34ḄúU65000GB,ឋLᨬᜧ;Û6.5TFLOPS஺;yQûüMPP34ýᡂUþáÿឋḄḄ᪀஺2090ᨵᖪᓄḄMPPᙠ"#├%஺Intel&'1991()ḄParagonXP/S,*32~2048+,-ឋ.75MFLOPSḄ/ᜐᳮᘤi860XPᵨ4☢6789:ᡂMIMD<=7>?@᳛.200MBA,BCDE.45262GB,<=ᨬGឋHI153GFLOPS஺MasPar&'1992()ḄMP-2,J+SIMD<=ᵨ1024~16384+,-ឋ.0.15MFLOPSḄKᵨLᱏNOPQᐵ7>897>?@᳛.1.4~23MB/s,BCDE.4GB,<=ᨬGឋHI2.4GFL0PS஺27

271TUVW&'1992()ḄAP1000,ᵨ16~1024+,-ឋ.105MFLOPSḄSPARC/ᜐᳮᘤNXYZ789᪀ᡂMIMD<=7>?@᳛.25MB/S,BCDE.025-16GB,<=ᨬGឋHI105GFLOPS஺CRAY&'1993()ḄCS6400,[\ᘤᵨ4~64+SuperSPARC/ᜐᳮᘤ]+ᜐᳮᘤᨬᜧឋ.60MFL0PS,ᵨ4_`a89:ᡂMIMD<=7>?@᳛.1760MB/s,BCDE.0.25sl6GB,<=ᨬᜧឋ.3.84GFLOPS஺NEC&'1993()ḄConju-3,ᵨ8~256+,-ឋ.50MFLOPSḄVR4400SC/ᜐᳮᘤNb9c789:ᡂMIMD<=7>?@᳛.40MBA,BCDE.0.5-16GB,<=Ḅᨬᜧឋ.12.8GFLOPS஺TMC&'1993()ḄCM-5E,ᵨ16~16384+,-ឋ.160MFLOPSḄSPARCLᱏN᪛89:ᡂSIMDᡈMIMD<=7>?@᳛.20MB/S,BCDE.2s2097GB,<=ᨬGឋHI2.6TFLOPS஺IBM&'1994()ḄSP2,ᵨ8s512+,-ឋ.266MFLOPSḄPOWER2/ᜐᳮᘤNGឋQᐵ7>89:ᡂMIMD<=7>?@᳛.40MB/S,BCDE.2-1000GB,<=ᨬGឋ.0.136TFLOPS஺Convex&'1994()ḄExemplarSPP1000,ᵨ2s128+,-ឋ.200MFLOPSḄHPPA-RISCLᱏNOPQᐵZ789᪀ᡂMIMD<=7>?@᳛.2400MB/S,BCᨬᜧDE.32GB,<=ᨬGឋ.25.6GFLOPS஺TTf&'1995()ḄSR2001,ᵨ8~128+,-ឋ.180MFLOPSḄKᵨ/ᜐᳮᘤLᱏNgYOPQᐵ7>89:ᡂMIMD<=7>?@᳛.I0MB/S,BCDE.2-32GB,<=ᨬGឋ.23GFLOPS஺h᜜jCRAYT3EஹINTELASCIOptionRedlᡃnḄoᐝ1000qrJMPPḄ28

272⊤ឋtu஺MPPḄ<=vw⌕yzᵨᡝj|ᵨᓫᜐᳮ~᪵ᩭ|ᵨMPP,ឋᓾ⌕ᦪᓫᜐᳮ.h<=ᵨ/ᑁ᪶lᜧ᜜஺ᑁ᪶ᜐᳮஹஹᓫWᐸᨬḄ*ᜧEḄ[\ᑮᑁ᪶᜜஺ᑁ᪶J᪀ḄᵨᡝḄ[\◤⌕ᐕ£¤᪀[\஺.〉¦<=ḄQ§ឋᵨ¨ᡝ/[\ᘤª«஺ᙠWᑁ᪶ḄWᵫ[\7>ḄW஺®₹4⊝Hᨵᑖ²³ஹ᦮³lµᔠ³q·஺ᑖ²³J᪷¹ᡠ◤»¼l<=®₹½¾☟᝱ᙢᑖ²ᑮ¦ḄÃÄÅ᦮³JÆ᝱ᙢ*ÇÈ+ÃÄÉᑮÊ+ÃÄŵᔠ³ᑣJÌÍὅḄÃᔠ஺ᵨᡝÏḄÐᑴ¦ÒᢝÔÕ?⌴ஹ×ØᵨlᑖÙ«ÚEᐳÜq·ª«ᐙᑖÞᢵ)MPPḄᦔ஺MPPḄ]+ᜐᳮÃÄrᨵᙢCáᘤN7>câᵯä9ᑮKåḄ897>æçèᐸÃÄḄW஺/ᜐᳮᘤ/CacheNCáᘤ`aèᙢCáᘤl7>câᵯä9c஺MIMD³ḄMPP<=J+¤é<=ᐸ]+ᜐᳮÃÄ|ᵨᖪᓄḄ/ᜐᳮᘤ஺ᜐᳮÃÄᑁ|ᵨᱥᳮᑖÙḄëfÐᙬḄᙢCáᘤÃÄḄᵨÔÕ?⌴஺KåḄ897>ᐹᨵGîï<=H᡽ñᑮᦪᓟ+/ᜐᳮᘤ஺7.5.6ó<=ó<=J*+GឋḄôõᡈG᫏/³|ᵨGḄW7>÷89:ᡂḄ<=஺ᙠø£ÏùlúᡂQÞZ᛻ḄÒᢝü£=lýᜐᳮæçஹþÿḄᦔᜐᳮ஺Ḅ᪀Ḅ᪀Ḅ஺Ḅ⌕ᵨ"#$⌴஺&'᪀'(Ḅᩭ*+,ᑖ./012/3&ᵨᡝᩭ*⊤6Ḅ+78᦮Ḅ஺29

273:ḼRISCᢈ=ᢈ=Ḅ>?@AB᛻DḄᦋᗐGHIᵨJKLᡈ᫏OPQRKSTR'(ḄᨵḼVWḄឋYZ[\஺]^ᢈ=Ḅ_I`὚ᔠḄc⚠eᑮghi஺jklmḄnm᳛pqO.5GB/S,rᙠt>ẆᑴwmḄnx᪀ᡂᐝ{ᑖ./ᦪ}H~FDDIḄPmḄATM_$2/ḄᨵᦔᙢgᵨḄ஺tᐵᢈ=Ḅ>?,gtᐵḄlmnYᜧ᦮7Ḅ#$஺mḄTᵨIឋYḄc⚠&¡¢ᑮg£஺mḄmឋYpY¤MPPḄ¥ᵨḄm¦\§¨©◤⌕«QḄ¬+_®¯஺᝞±YᵨḄ¬²ᑴᑴ³´µY¶ᣵ¸¹⌕ᑍ»ḄµY´ᓄh½¾ᳮ¿GHᙠᵨᡝÀÁÂÃÄÅKÆÇt├஺Éᵨ"#ÊËḄ_̤QRÍÎICPUÏeÐᑭᵨ᳛´ᓄh½¾ᳮḄᨵᦔ"#ActiveMessageᑴ+_IÃÒᑮÓ7OÔÕÖIḄᵨ×ᩭ×ØÙ஺ᐺPḄᨵBerkeleyNOWஹAlphaFarmDigitalTruclusterD஺\Ý$Ḅᜐᳮᨵ᝞ÞßàḄá(â1ᨵḄឋYZ[\஺ᵫᓝÓåᡈÓᓝåJKLᡈ᫏OPQRæᡂḄçè¦éØÙḄᵨ⌕ê]JKLᡈOPᢇìḄZ[Я஺2Ḅt>ᕜî஺'(ஹஹÅKஹAïD¸◤⌕Í«QẆᑴ⁚ḕgḄẆᑴÉòóᡠ᪀ᡂḄ\Ð☠஺3Ḅ᡽?ឋ÷஺ᵨḄᵨ᧕᡽ᐙ'(^úᜧûᦪஹüýḄᜐᳮᐹᨵÐḄᦔ᳛஺4Ḅÿᑭᵨ᳛஺ឋḄᡈᙠ᪀ᮣ270

274ᨵᑭ!ᐙᑖᑭᵨ$ᨵ%ᜓ⁚ḕ)*+஺5ᵨᡝᢗ+.◅0஺ᓽ2〉ᔠ!ᜧ6789ᜐᳮḄ<ᔠᐸ>?@AB?ᓫDḄ2ᵨ᯿᪵Gᢵᵨ஺6ᵨᡝIJKL஺JMḄ89NOᙠPᨵḄCஹC++ᡈFORTRANR9JMSTᐭVWḄXYPZ◤⌕ᦋ^IJ_᛻ᵨᡝa៉cd_᛻ᡠIJKLfgPᨵᡂaḄij+᯿᪵kᑮᑭᵨ஺m!n)*opḄq@2rsᡂBtu89ᜐᳮ)*ẆwḄx@஺XyẆwz{|}~ᦔḄXY)*Ẇᑴ~Ḅ89Zqᓄஹᦋᗐ89JM%Ḅ_᛻ᢝn)*89Ḅᢈqᓄ₹⊝Ḅᢈ஺ூ⁚௃1ஹpᜐᳮ)*3dḄ᪀ᫀ¢£1¤¥¦)*§£2ᔜ©D})*¢3ª«)*஺2ஹp¥¦)*Ḅq@ᫀ¢¥¦)*Ḅ᪀¬ᓫ§᦮?¯ᳮJMNᙠ?ᜐᳮo°9◀²³´◤⌴¶ᵨᡈ·ᵨḄ¸ᵨJM¹º»O¼ᐭḄ¢Nᨵ?ᜐᳮ½¾᡻9⊤Áᙠ)*¯ᳮÂᑴ⊤ÃḄ½¾ÄÅÆÇᓄȯᳮÂᑴḄÉ$஺ᡠᨵc´ᙳ2)*ᨬᜧ▲ÍᙢᑭᵨsᨵḄᓫᜐᳮ⍝JMᑖÐ)*ḄᡂÑN◤⌕ÒÓÔÕ᡽ᐙᓽ஺×ØÉ$ᩭᓫஹÚÛஹKLOÜuᜧᦪᜐᳮ)*ᡠÞᵨḄKß஺3ஹpᔜ©D})*Ḅà@ᫀ¢É$áᩖ஺ã¯>äᜐᳮºᨵ©åḄæᵨÂᑴ⊤ÃçAᨵ´ᐳé⊤ÃêëÕᐳé⊤ÃḄ½¾ÄÅìíîJÍḄáᩖឋï├ḄÕᜧ஺³äᜐᳮñGòᦑô,271

275⌕÷ឮá·ù᡻9úûᡂḄüý஺>äᜐᳮºᨵ©åæᵨḄþᐭ/ᜓᦻ᦮Ḅᐭ/᪀ᣚ◤⌕ᕒ⚜஺ᔜᜐᳮ₹Ḅ"⊝$%&'஺ᔜ(ᜐᳮ◤ᨵ*+,-ᘤ,/0ᳮ1234567,-ᘤḄᑭᵨ᳛஺4ஹ<=>?@ḄABCᫀEᔜFGHIJ%KᙢMᑮ₹"⊝஺OPQI/ORSTUVWḄIXᵫᙠ[\]^ᨬ`Ḅᜐᳮa᡻c஺dᙠe᪀I☠ឋhᐹᨵᑖklᑴḄABnᙠḄoᩖឋqrឋhᑣtuvwx@஺᝞z{|K}~ᜐᳮᦪḄnᐹᨵḄᮣឋ஺5ஹ<=ḄABCᫀE1ᨵḄឋ$஺ᵫᓝ(ᡈᓝ(ᡈ᫏@{ᡂḄIJḄᵨ⌕nPᡈ@¡¢ᢇ¤¥¦Ḅ%6஺2Ḅ§¨ᕜª«஺Bwஹ¬ஹஹ®¯T~◤⌕°±{Ẇᑴ⁚ḕ7ḄẆᑴ]^qµᡠ᪀ᡂḄ$%I☠஺3ḄI᡽¸ឋK஺¹ᵨḄ¢ºᵨ¬᧕v᡽ᐙB½¾ᜧᦪRஹÀÁÂḄÃcᜐᳮᐹᨵ%Ḅᦔ᳛஺4ḄGHᑭᵨ᳛஺IJ}~ÅឋḄᡈ@{ÆᙠOÇ᪀ᮣᨵᑭvᐙᑖᑭᵨÈᨵᜓ⁚ḕGH஺5ᵨᡝᢗGË◅Í஺ᓽ~〉ᔠvᜧÑÒÃcᜐᳮḄÓᔠᐸÕBÖIJ×OᓫÙḄᵨ᯿᪵¨ᢵᵨ஺6ᵨᡝ®1ÝÞ஺12ḄÃcߢᙠàᨵḄCஹC++ᡈFORTRANác12RâᐭḄºãàä~◤⌕ᦋ®1æ᛻ᵨᡝè៉êæ᛻ᡠJ®1ÝÞn½àᨵᡂèḄëGH᯿᪵I|ᑮᑭᵨ஺272

276ì8íᦪîï{ðñòḄVonNeumann@{¹ᵨlᑴó?Ýôõ2ᙢ᡻cᢣ÷'ᨬᜧ▲Âᙢ§¨{ḄÃcឋ஺×ùúûUNeumann@{஺F{᪀ᒹýEᵨᦪîïäþÿᦪḄᦪᵨᦪ◤Ḅ஺⌕Ḅᳮஹ#᪀ஹᱯ&'(⚪஺8.1ᦪ8.1.1ᦪḄᭆ,VonNeumann-Ḅᱯ&.ᙠ01ᦪᘤ345ᑴ789ᙢ᡻<ᢣ>?@A.B5ᑴ(ControlFlow)DEFḄ஺GᯠIBᙠJK#᪀ஹ01ஹLMᢈOPD☢R<ᦋRTUVWஹ▣ᑡᡈ[ᜐᳮ]^_`.ᢣ>ᙠ01ᦪᘤ5ᑴ781᡻<abcᨬᜧ▲gᙢT᣾iḄj<ឋ஺ூm௃oᐗq9D0a0+bx+c=0Ḅ᪷஺sb2-4acz0,IBᑏi᝞7ḄFORTRAN01vREAD*,A,B,CXI=2*AD=SQRT(B*B-4*A*C)D=D/XlX2=-B/XlXI=X2+DX2=X2-DPRINT*,X1,X2END273

277w01xᯠyzᙠᓫᜐᳮ_81|<஺IB}~ᵨo᝞FORKஹᔠ᝞JOINḄᙠ᡻¶ᦪ¬ÂᙠḼᔜÄᐵB'©F5ᑴḄ´ᩖᓄᜧᜧ▲ᑴÇ5ᑴDEF4j<ឋḄ¹T஺?@¹Tj<ឋḄÈo⌶Ê.ᐰ᤮ῃVonNeumann-Ḅ01ᦪᘤ5ᑴControlDrivenḄ5ᑴDᦋᵨᦪDataDrivenḄᦪDataFlowDᩭEF஺ᦪḄᦪDᢣḄ.y⌕oᩩᡈoÏᢣ>ᡠ⌕Ḅ©FᦪᐰÐᜓaÒaIBÓᓽÕTÄÖḄᢣ>ᡈᢣ>Ï᡻<஺᡻<#×ḄØiÙ〈PÛoᦪḄ7oᩩᡈ7oÏᢣ>஺᝞×ᐸ4oᢣ>?@¤ᡠ◤ᵨᑮḄᦪᐰÐᜓaÒaIBÜÕT᡻<஺?@ᙠ_◤⌕01ᦪᘤ஺ᢣ>Ḅ᡻<_.Ý1ḄᐰÞᦪḄᢣ>ᙠ014i«Ḅᐜà81Ýᐵ஺áa.âᑖᨵ1Ḅ©Fá.ᵫ01ᕒᢣ»Ḅ¤.ÞᦪÄᐵᡠᑴ஺01sὅᐰ᤮ῃÇç趻é014ᡠᨵIzÂᙠḄj<ឋoêëEF஺y⌕ᦪÄᐵ¶ìíIBᑭᵨaIBj<?¤ᨬᨵᑭj<ឋḄ¹T஺ூm௃`Boᐗq9D0᪷(⚪R<âï஺ð8-1⊤òÇ014ᦪ¬ḄÄᐵᐵJᐸ4ஹஹᙳIj<©F]Äô¬?õÂᙠᦪÄᐵ¤᡻<஺᝞×ᵨ³ஹöஹ÷ஹ◀ஹùD᪷P©F⊤òÄÖḄᦪ01ᑣᐸᦪ01ð᝞274

278ð8-2ᡠò஺275

2795ᑴḄ5ᑴDḄᱯ&.v}~û(ᐳýÂþᓫᐗÿᦪᙠᢣ⌴ᢣ᡻Ḅឋ◚ᑴᓾᙢᵨ!"Ḅᑴ#$%ᩭ'()ᜐᳮᢣ᡻Ḅ,-.ᦪᘤᑴᣚ1234,ᑴ5ᡠ78Ḅ஺ᦪ:;Ḅᦪ<ᑣ>?@AᨵCDḄᐳFGHḄᭆJᓽAᨵᐳFLMᦪḄᭆJᢣ᡻N,ᢣᦪOᐵឋḄᑴQᦪ4ᦪ5<RSᙠᢣ⌴Ḅ஺ᦪ54TU⊤WXT#$ᦪᡈZᦪ[\ᜓ^_Ḅ᪗a.Td᡻XT#$Ḅᡠᨵ#$ᦪ5eᑮgᑣ᪗aḼiT#$4jk#$l#$mnᡠopḄᦪ5qr〈ᑮtuvwxᦪ5Ḅ#$Ḅyz{#$ᦪ|}vᨵᐵ~e$T{ᒹ(MessagePacket)〈ᑮᜐᳮᓫᐗᡈ#$|})᡻஺Ḅᦪ:;.N4ᦪ.ḄTU஺ᨵTU◤:;.஺ᦪ:;.ᐸ#$4ᢥᐭᦪᵨឋḄḄ஺◤:;.ᐸ#$ᑣᢥᦪ◤ᡠḄ஺ὅN⌕ᡠ⌕Ḅᐭᦪᐰ|^_ᓽ:;#$᡻,4TUḄ¡ᶍ£¤ὅᑣ4ᢥ◤Nᨵ¥XT¦ᦪ◤⌕ᵨᑮXT§GH¨©:;ª«§GHḄ#$4TU¬¤Ḅ¡ᶍ஺ᯠ¤ὅ®ὅ¯°±²>³⌕Ḅ´µ¶├°ᨵµ¸¹ºḄᦔ᳛஺$½⁚¿ÀḄᦪ.Áᩭ3TÂ4ᢣᦪ:;.◤:;Ã〉ᔠ☢ᔣ¦ᦪ-È.Ḅ.Á஺ᯠ£ᵫ@ÊeËᦪ<Ìxᦪ.ÁÍ?᪵Ï®〉ᔠ᡻ᵨ¦ᦪÐÑÒᑏḄ-஺ÔÐÕÖᦪ4×ØÙឋ(Asynchrony)Û¦ᦪឋ(Functionality)ḄTU.஺ᡠÜØÙឋ4ᢣTd#$ᦪᑮg^¶Ý#$i4ᦪ.Á¶Þ)ឋḄ×Ạ஺ᡠܦᦪឋ4ᢣàTᦪ#$e4ὑTâᐭãäTâp£>räå$ᵨ(SideEffect),ᐹᨵGHp(ᙠçÐ1èéêTḄᓫçᱯឋÔ£ìíîïð{)r#$ᢥîñ᡻£>òOóô᡾஺27

2808.1.2ᦪ-öÛÐÑᵨö8-3ᡠWḄᨵᔣöᩭ⊤Wᢣ÷Ḅᦪ-@øᡂ4ᦪÁᘤḄÁᘤÐÑ஺@ᨵ²{múNode,)ᵨTuûüArcý@ÊþS£ᡂ஺àT{múᵨᙊᙌᡈᡈᐸᱯ⊤ᜐᳮ஺ᑁḄᡈ⊤ᡠ!"#$Actor஺%&⊤ᦪ()*ᙠ,Ḅ-ᔣ஺ᙠᦪ(-/012᪷(45ᦪ(-6789:;ᑖ=ᘤᡈᑖ=67$Allocator,?@ᑖ=〉BḄᜐᳮᩭDEḄ஺88-3/0z=a+6*$஺-6Ḅᦪ(-678⊤ᦪ(ᙠ6782Ḅ-GHIJ82ḄDKᙊ&⊤)*M%NG஺ᎷPa=3,b=5,ᑣᵨ88-4ᡠḄ9:)*M%NGḄᐜT:6U᧜Wᦪ(-678Ḅ᡻Y:6஺D▭[DKᙊ&⊤\]ᐭᦪ(_`ᜓbcdeḄᦪ&⊤Wᦪ(Ḅf஺ᙠ88-4288Wa⊤ghᦪ(bcij$"#kᡈlGmnᑴ!nᑴp;ᦪq88-4b⊤nᑴlGrijᦪ(_`ᜓbcḄ+ஹ-q88-4c⊤+ஹ-lGrijᦪ(_`ᜓbcḄ*q88-4d⊤*lGr]w/0x஺277

281;8-4ᦪìíîï;Ḅ᡻}îauvᦪwxybzᑴd{|}d~c+ஹ_d{|}d~d.d{|}d~ᦪ(-678267Ḅ᡻Y:6ᦪ(?@yYij$lGmḄ:6஺;Ḅ᡻Yz{;]ᐭ|}ᔾᦈ;)*yY/0T}ᙠᨵᦔḄ]w|[;]w)*஺4ᓫfᑣᙠᡂ!ᨵ7ᙢᑖ=ᦈf?஺ᦪ(-/0167/Ḅ◤⌕◤ypᵨḄᐸ஺45ᑖ⊤᝞¢஺1ᦪ$Identity:£ᨵ]ᐭ|}ᦪ᝞88-5aᡠ஺ijT]w¤ᦪḄ)*஺20¥¦0$Operator:§⌕ᒹ©ᵨḄ+ஹ-ஹ*ஹ/ஹ«¬ஹ¬®0¯¦0°±ஹ²ஹᡈஹ³ᡈஹᡈ±®´µ¥¶¦0஺ijT]w¤·¸xḄ)*஺3nᑴ$Copy:᝞88-5bᡠ!ᦪ(Ḅp;nᑴ"!¹ᑴºḄp;nᑴ஺ᦪ(|!D»ᜮ⊤¹ᑴ|!½K»ᜮ⊤஺ᨵ"#¾¿஺ᵨ88-5cᑖ⊤ᦪ(¾¿¹ᑴ¾¿°ijḄx஺4ᑨP$Decider:᝞88-5dᡠÁ]ᐭᦪ(ᢥÃᐵÅyYᑨ@ÆÇijTᙠ]w¹ᑴ|Èw¤¥¶fÉ$TᡈᎷ$FḄ¹ᑴ)*஺278

28288-5ᵨ±¹ᑴÊ°ijᑣaᦪbnᑴc¾¿dᑨP5¹ᑴÊ˹ᑴÊḄijᩩ◤⌕Íᑮ´µ¹ᑴ|᝞88-6ᡠ஺!ϹᑴÊÐᑖᵨḄ4஺88-6aᡠTѹTgate,´µ¹ᑴ|ÉÒ]ᐭ|ᨵᦪ()*ÓijᯠTᙠ]w|¤]ᐭᦪ(Ḅ)*஺88~6bᡠFѹ$Fgate,´µ¹ᑴ|ᎷÒ]ᐭ|ᨵᦪ()*ÓijᯠTᙠ]w|¤]ᐭᦪ(Ḅ)*஺88-6cᡠᐵѹSwitch,ᨵ;ᦪ(]ᐭ|Õ;ᦪ(]w|Ö×¹ᑴ|¹ᑴ஺ijT᪷(¹ᑴ|fḄÉᡈᎷᙠ·¸]w|[¤]ᐭᦪ(Ḅ)*஺88-6dᡠØÖѹ$Merge,ᨵÕ;ᦪ(]ᐭ|;ᦪ(]w|Ö×¹ᑴ|¹ᑴ஺ijT᪷(¹ᑴ|fḄÉᡈᎷᙠ]w|¤·¸]ᐭᦪ(Ḅ)*஺279

283;8-6ðᵨñᑴòóô(ÉBᐸö÷øᑣW᜜᪷(ᦪ(-67/Ḅ◤⌕!/5ᐸḄÚÛÜÝÞßḄnᔠá4âb?ᑡä஺ᦪ(-678Ḅå⊤¬æÞ¿çè1ᘤéê"Þë᧕ᳮí1ᘤḄîïᳮ4bðGñᱏ(ActivityTemplete)⊤æ஺ᦪ(-D▭[!ôõᡂöðGñᱏöᡂḄ÷ᔠø஺{;ðGñᱏ·¸èᦪ(-6782Ḅ;ᡈp;Òᵫ4;úöᡂ஺ûü;ṹúÕ;ᦪú;þḄú஺D▭[ðGñᱏbᙠᦪ(-/01ᑁᐹḄᘤ᧜஺ᡠᱏ⊤Ḅᦪᦪ!"Ḅ᡻$Ḅ"ᘤ%ṹᵫᦪ!"()*+,-᡻$஺ᦪ!"./012Ḅᑖ4(Allocator),᪷ᱏᦪᩭ89ᔜ;ᱏᑖ<=>;ᜐᳮᘤA$᡻$Ḅ஺ᦪ▭Cᦪ!"Ḅ"ᘤDEFG*H᧕JKLᦔ᳛OPQRSᵨᡝᡠ+V஺W◤⌕Ẇ[〉ᔠ^ᦪ!"_ᵨḄ`aDE஺RSᩭbcdeᵨfg`aDELᑏḄijklmḄLnᜐᳮopᣚᡂ280

284ᦪ஺sWtuᙠᦪ!"CᨵᵨxyzDE/`aDEḄ{⚪⌕}~xyz`aDEᣚᡂᦪDEḄLn஺IOWAᜧkgẆ[஺TexasᘤᡂᙢASCFORTRANLnᦋoᵨᑮᐸᦪ!"C஺K1"ᘤCᵨḄ☢ᔣkḄxyDEA$ឋOQ⊤ᦪᑴ"ᑴḄA$ឋ஺ᯠᨵDE᡽ᐙ£A$ᡂᑖ᝞FORTRANḄFORK¥JOIN,A$PASCAL.AdaDE¦KᐸᣚᡂᦪḄk§¨©ᩖஹPᦔᡠ¬⌕m®¯°Ḅஹ〉ᔠ^ᦪᑴ"ᑴḄ`aDE஺tu¬⌕ᨵᓫ²³DE(SingleAssign-!mentLanguage)¥´ᦪµDE(FunctionalProgrammingLanguage)o¶᜜¸¹µDEPROLOG᪵R»Ḅz(Descriptive)DEᵨ/ᦪ!"Ḅ`aDE஺ᓫ²³DEᢣᙠ2½;¾ᙳÀ²³RÁᓽÃR;¾ÄᙠÅò³DÆḄÇÈᨬ>ÀRÁ஺sW▭CAÊᨵ1!"2Ḅp¾ḄᭆÌÀRg³Ä஺Í᝞R;ᐕÏ᝞ÐDÆᑡÒC=A+BC=C*DF=(C-D)/Eᑣᡠ_ᵨḄDEÅᓫ²³DE஺ÔÀᐕÏᑏᡂÒC=A+BC1=C*DF=(C1-D)/EᐸᡠᵨḄDEᓫ²³ḄÕᑣ¥⌕Ö£஺ᓫ²³DEḄD×ØÙ2ḄA$281

285ឋ᧕^ÚLnᡠÛ®஺℉ÄḄᓫ²³DEᨵḄIDIrvineDataFlowDEஹVALValueOrientedAlgorrithmLanguageDEஹÝḄLAUDEஹÞßàáᱯᜧḄSISALDE¦஺IDDEᙽä᪀zஹ☢ᔣ⊤zஹcæ/ᵨḄᓫ²³DEᵨgDEᑏḄÅç*+᡻$◤ᐜLnᡂᦪᯠoéᙠ!"C᡻$஺VALDEêḕᳮì▾îMITḄB.Dermis¦^1979ï}Ḅ஺Ð☢VALDEᑡðᓫ²³DEᐹᜓḄóôᱯG஺1⍳öᓫ²³Õᑣ஺Êᨵ1!"CᡠᵨḄp¾ḄᭆÌÀRg³Ä஺÷øDÆ᡻$ḄùRäú=ûDÆÇÈḄ³Ä²³Êᨵæ/ᵨ஺2ᨵüýḄᦪ»þ஺óôᦪ»þᨵ᦮ஹஹஹ஺᪀ᦪᨵᦪ஺ᐕᦪஹᝅ▲ᵨᡝ!"#$%஺3ᐹᨵ'(Ḅ*ឋ஺,-.ᦪḄ/01234Ḅᦪ*ᙳᙠ.ᦪ✌8Ḅ9ᐜ;<=.ᦪᑁ8Ḅ?@*Aᙠ.ᦪᑁ8;<=⊤CDEᨵᐸGḄ*஺H᪵JKLM*᪥O%PQRSTU9Ḅ┯W஺4ᐹᨵXᙽᓄ᪀ḄU[2\]஺᦮_UᵫabXᙽᡂdeXᙽfᨵe_᜜8.ᦪh"ᐸiXᙽjᵨkfᨵabᑁ8.ᦪᩭ"mXᙽᑁ8jᵨ஺5nᨵᐰpqrᘤt᝱Ḅᭆw஺M9xᦪjᵨyzḄt᝱01ᡠhMProcedure9nᨵ"}ឋ"஺6U~Ḅ᡻U஺Ḅ᡻UA23Ḅᨬ4஺xGOTO*IFLOOPḄm.ᦪDhxᵨᓫ?~ᑣ஺⊤C39Ḅkᡂᑖ!"Ḅ᪀஺᪀ᐰ┐ᦪ23Xᩭ[hᨬᜧ▲ᙢ£S¤¥e¦Ḅk஺282

286¨e*〉ᔠP⊤CᦪUḄ.ᦪU[2«ᙠ¬e⁚®¯஺°±²Utahᜧ³ẆµḄFP*¶P·USPJohnBackusḄ·.ᦪU[2஺¸°±²Hughes¹º»¼½ᵯ¿ÀOÁ!¤ḄHDFL(HughesDataFlowLanguage)Â␺#VALḄÄᱯÆ᝞ᓫ?ஹ(*ᓄஹfᦪ᪀ᨵᩩÉÊᑴ᪀(IF-THEN-ELSE),ÌÍÎÏ᪀(FOR)kÎÏ᪀(FORALL)Ñkᐹᨵ*¶P1DḄ(Stream)ᜐᳮÔÕnᨵᐰp01xᵨ஺e_HDFLḄUᵫe_Uᡈe_U×ab_.ᦪᡠᡂXᙽᓄ᪀ᓄØ(஺¨᜜°ÙÚU[2PROLOGH᪵e*ÛÜD(Descriptive)EÝhᵨPᑏᦪ23ºḄU஺8.1.3ᦪ23ºḄ᪀᪷ᦪàáᜐᳮḄ$DâÝhãᦪ23ºḄ᪀ᑖᡂ☟᝱å᝱æ*஺1.☟᝱ᦪ23º☟᝱ᦪ23ºḄᦪàán×᪗è஺éGÀ,êKëìÆ¥Kᐸ,-eᩩíᐭïðÔᨵe_ᦪàá஺ðᨵìÆḄᡠᨵíᐭïEᨵᦪàáKÆñòóôᩭ᡻Ḅ¥஺ᵫPᦪàánᨵ×᪗è᝞4KõöᐕeᩩïâK¤Tæ_hḄᦪàáḄ÷ÆP〈CᔜíᐭúḄeᢇᦪüxýᑖ¤þÿᢇḄᦪ஺ᙠ☟᝱ᦪ⌕◀⌕"#$%&'()᜜+,-./0ᑴ23(ControlToken),567ᦪ23ᵫ9():〈ᑮ.9()Ḅ=>ᐵ@ABCᑖEF#Ḅᔜᢇᦪ஺ᡠ5☟᝱ᦪEIᢝ⌴LḄMN&'OIᢝPḄQR஺MITḄJ.B.Dennis✌ᐜUVMIT☟᝱ᦪ஺283

2872.Y᝱ᦪY᝱ᦪᨬ[⌕Ḅᱯ)]23^_᪗abcᙠdefg=hᦪijkdlᩩn_ᐕpVq"9^E᪗aḄ23஺23Ḅ᪗a23▬^Ḅ9s67t23=>ᐜuvwᐵ@Ḅ᪗xᨵḄ_z{ᐸ}⁐஺ᡠ5E◤⌕☟᝱ᦪ᪵ᵨ0ᑴ23ᩭwᢣ2>ᦪ23Ḅ:〈5஺w◤⌕"#ᦪ23Ḅᢣ2ᑣw23᪗aḄwᩭ67஺◤⌕v᪗a▬ᑮᦪ23_Mᡂw᪗aḄᓛ஺Y᝱ᦪᨵArvindẆᑴḄIrvineᦪḄᦋᱯᜧ¢ḄManchesterᦪ஺8.1.4ᦪ£ᙠḄ¤⚪ᦪᙠU¦M§ᜐᳮᦔs_ᨵḼ¬®℉Ḅ°)±z£ᙠ¤⚪஺1ᦪḄ[⌕²ḄU¦³M§Ḅ´Nµ¶±᝞¸⚪²¹ºᦪvᐵឋ¼½ᑁ¿M§ឋᡂᑖE"=ÀÁbᦔ᳛ÃBÄ:ÅḄVonNeumannÆḄ+⌕Ç஺2ᙠᦪfᦪÈÉஹ67ஹᜐᳮ᪗a◤⌕ËÌÍ"ḄÎÏ´├ÑÍᜧḄ£ÒÓ>sÄVOnNeumannÆḄ⌕ᜧV2s3Ô஺±᝞¸Eᵨ᪗aᑣÕÖ⌴LMÁ×ÇM§sØ஺3ᦪEÙ£ᦪ஺ᙠᜐᳮᜧÆᦪ=Á%ᑴᦪ⌼ᡂ£ÒÓ>ḄᜧÛÜÌÝÞ᜜ᦪ:ß´├஺ᦪw᪗ÛàᨵᑭBwᦪஹ⌴Lâᐸ㦳Íäåᳮ஺4ᦪæçḄèÛ⊤ᦪêBE£ÒᓫᐗíîbijᕒÕÖ0ᑴ£Òᑖ஺284

288ᨵᦔðᦈEᵨḄ£ÒᓫᐗÝᜧòóijḄäô஺5ᦪõö÷ø/ùäßᐭ/ßV@ÅüEýᗐ஺6ᦪÿᨵᦪᘤᩭ஺ᦪᢇ◤!"ᦋ஺$%&ᩭ'ᦪ(ᨵ)ᜧ+,Ḅᙠ/012Ḅ345◤⌕71/0Ḅ89:ᨵ+ᙠḄ%&;ᙢ=ᙠ>4Ḅ/0:?@ABᵨ஺8.1.5ᦪḄ&DḼᦪẆᑴḄHᐭJ&KLMNOPḄᦪQRSTUVWᵨḄ/0ᜐᳮᢈ[\]⊡_ᐺᦪḄ!ab◍஺1.WᵨL7/01f9Ḅᦪᵫh_ᐺḄᦪiᦪ9Ḅ/0ឋkᙠᢣm9:nBḄopJ├ᜧrᙠᦋs/0ឋ9tL7ᑮvᦪᡈxᔠvᦪ!9:ᵨᦪᩭz{|}vᦪᡈxᔠvᦪ,$?ᙢḄopJ├஺1981Motookaf51982GajksfLMxᔠvᦪ|}ᙠᐰopஹஹஹxᔠᩩஹᦪᔣ5ឋ⌴:Wᵨxᔠvᦪ9Ḅ/0᪵$?ᵨUV79ᩭᑏ஺(◤⌕ẆᑴḄ¡ᣚ£¤riUV79ᑴḄ¡ᣚᡂxᔠvᦪ9Ḅᦪ¦/ᡂ§¨Ḅᘤṹ஺2.Wᵨªஹ«"¬ᔠḄᦪᵫhᦪWᵨᐰḄ«"op®ᐸ(ᢣm9Ḅ«"°⌼ᡂ²VopJ├Ḅ³ᜧ஺ᡠᙠᢣm9〉¶Wᵨª"op·ᙠvᦪ95vᦪ9¸:Wᵨ«"op$?ḄopJ├஺285

289ᢣm9ª"op?B>¹¬º»¼½¾½¿ᘤz{ÀÁ!opᡠᵨᢣm>$?»◤⌕Â᪗ᙢᙬ᪵?ÅÆᢣmÇÈ஺ᢣm9ª"op»◤⌕¾ÉÊ˲VḄÌÊ஺²VWᵨÍÎᓽ?Ðᓄ¬᪀஺Óᯠvᦪ9/0«"ḄJ├Aᜧ᝞Övᦪ᪗⚪ஹÖ⌕ØÙÚaÛ¹ÍÎ᪗⚪ÜÝ⌕Øᓰᵨ½¿ß¹=aJ├ᑖáᑮvᦪ>Ḅâᩩᢣm$ãØ஺3.Wᵨäᑴåᦪ§¬ᔠḄᦪäᑴåᦪ§¬ᔠ?STUVäᑴḄæçè᝞Cedarᦪ$¤rvᦪ9éᢣm9:Wᵨäᑴ᝞äᑴ>Ḅᔣᜐᳮᢈ[?ᵨFORTRAN_êJ%Ḅ/0ឋᢈ[᯿᪵?Bᵨ஺8.2ììᦪ!᪵í(îhᦪḄï4(ᐸWᵨḄ|}»ª஺ᦪWᵨᦪ|}᡻0ḄopᑡÖòhóᐭᦪḄ?ᵨឋôìᑣ(◤ö|}᡻0ḄopᑡÖòh÷ᦪḄ◤ö÷ᦪḄ◤ö\ᩭøhvᦪù÷⊤ûḄì(Reduction)஺vᦪ(ᵫᡠᨵvᦪ⊤ûḄýᔠஹᡠᨵÂ᪗(Ü(⊤û)Ḅýᔠ5ᡠᨵᵫvᦪ⊤ûᑮÂ᪗ḄvᦪýᔠÿᑖᡂḄ஺ᦪᐸᡂᑖᢇ᪗ᑮᢇ᪗Ḅ᧜஺ᦪḄᩭᦪḄ⊤!"஺#$%&"(ᡂ)*"(Program-FormingOperators),,-ᵨ/ᓫᦪ(ᓽ/ᓫ)᪀ᡂ456ᩖḄ8᪀ᡂ456ᩖᦪḄ⊤!"஺9$ᩭ᝞;<=>?ᦪ⊤!"@ᔠBḄ6ᩖᦪḄ⊤!"ᑭᵨDEḄᦪ@ᔠBḄFᦪG$ᨵ▲JKLMᣚOPQ,-RᑮᡠTUḄV;ᓽᵫXY᪀ᡂḄ᪗஺ᦪ⊤!"ḄZJKLJᦪḄ[ᵨ,28

290ᡈF⊤!"_Fᦪ"`ḄMᣚ_ab`஺ᦪ"cd?efg᡻ij"ᦪ"ḄKLᩭ)kᑁ#Xmᵨn⊤ḄopV᪀qrset᝱opᑖvopwxḄᜧz{|⚜~◤⌕⚣ᙢiwᓫᐗḄᦈwxஹx├ᜧ⚣Ḅᦪ[ᵨᦪ⌴dYt᝱,᪵Ḅ⌕6J஺ᡠ-┐¡ᦪ¢£Ḅᱯ¥¦⚪ᩭ¨ᢝᦪ"ªiḄ«)k¬KLk஺KLkV᪀Ḅᱯ¥᝞஺1KLk[®☢ᔣᦪ"¢£ᡈ-ᦪ"¢£±kᘤ¢£Ḅ³Neumann´kᘤᐸᑁV᪀[µeNeumann´kᘤ஺¶᝞[m〉ᔠeKLḄopV᪀opᘤV᪀⌕ᨵᦪ%&opᘤ⊤!"opᘤ¸µNeumann´kᘤḄopᘤᦪ¹opᘤ¬ºᡂj"஺KLkᜐᳮ¡½ª)ᡈᦪ[ᵨ¾ᝅᔠḄ⊤!"ᜐᳮᘤ᪷¹⊤!"ÁÂḄª)ÃÄᩭᜐᳮ⊤!"BḄᦪ¹஺ÅÆᜐᳮḄᦪ¹ÇÈḄÃÄ[®ᔠÉop¸µÊVonNeumann´kË᪵ᦪ¹ᢥᙢᙬopqᦪ¹BµÎª)ÃÄ஺[®ᨵÏ[ÐᩭÑÒᢣÔ⊤!"KLḄÕÖ׸µNeumann´kᘤmᵨḄᦪᘤØÐ஺mᵨ〉ᔠKLᱯ¥Ḅ◤ÙÚtᡈᦪ¹ÚtḄÛᑴj"k᪀¸µNeumann´kᘤḄᢥÛᑴÚtḄÛᑴj"k᪀஺2ᐹᨵᜧÞYᱥᳮopᘤÉmᵨᜧàoÞYḄàáopᘤᐹᜓãᦔḄt᝱opᑖvåᳮḄæஹØШᢝçèKLk¡t᝱opᑖvéᡠ◤opwxᜧḄ⌕Ù஺3ᜐᳮᑖ[®ºᨵᜐᳮᘤᡈᜐᳮkÉiḄV᪀("-êᢵᦪ"ÉiᜐᳮḄᱯì஺4mᵨ〉ᔠeᦪ"ªiḄᜐᳮᘤ_k`íîḄV᪀ᨬðmᵨ᪛(j"ḄíîV᪀ᡈòJ6ᔠḄíîV᪀("஺287

2915)±óôõéxḄ#Ã├öY÷ªiḄV¥kø☠úᡠ◤ᵨḄᦪ¹û᣸ɪi◤Ïí#ÃḄᡠᓰᵨḄᜐᳮk8☠þÿᔜᜐᳮḄ₹⊝஺᪷ᑁᦪ⊤ᡠᵨḄᑖᡂ#(StringReduction)$%(GraphReduction)&'஺()*+,-.⊤z=(y-1)*(y+4)(/Ꮇ1x$yᑖ2342$5஺#56789ᦪz=f(u)Ḅ:9;<ᓽ>ᓄᡂ᡻AᵫCDE*$&GHᦪg$/ḄDᵨᡠJᡂḄ"ᢣM"஺g$hḄDᵨNOP"ᢣM"(-y,1)$(+y,x)Ḅ᡻A஺R5SᓫᐗVᑖ2W8y$xḄX8y-1$Yy+xḄZ[ᯠ;]^X_ᔜ`Wag$hᨬ;9(*4,7),cZ[28஺defg)ᢥ◤9jkḄlm᪷ᦪ9XḄ◤9ᩭopqrḄᢣM஺stuv5wᵨᐜᑁ;᜜ᡈᐜ᜜;ᑁᡈᐜ{;|}5ᐜ|;{Ḅ~uv5wᵨ#A}5AᨬZ[X஺᪷ᡠᵨḄqrᨵ#$%&'஺#ᡂ5ᱯḄE#ᜐᳮᦪ1ஹ⊤$᪗.E#ḄRV஺ᦪ.ᙠ#Aᜐᳮ஺¡☢£*¤#ᙠḄG¥⌕§⚪5©ᐳ«H⊤¬rᵨc¬®ᑴ$9X°ᡠ.±²$³²Ḅ´µ¶├q¸¹ᜧ஺1979»¼½ḄMagoᦟᣴ78ḄÀÁFFP5#஺%wWᦪ1ஹ⊤$᪗.%ḄRV%5ᐸᜐᳮÃ஺ᨬÄᵨḄ%5ÅÆ᪛$WÆ᪛஺wᵨÈÉGZÊËÌᢣ┐Ḅᩭ%஺%ḄᜐᳮΤᢣ┐A᝞¡Ð%8-llbᡠÑ஺ÒÓ%¤ÔÕ)¤V⚣×Ḅ®ᑴ¶├288

292Τ٬G᱄⊤Ḅᢣ┐ᢣᔣH⊤Üg)H⊤Ḅᐳ«ÔÕ)®ᑴ஺stÝ⊤VḄᔜZÊᑖᦣR³²ßàá#⌕9Ḅâឋ஺ZÊḄäᑤæ◤çᦋᢣ┐ᑭRuᵨᓫᐗḄ^ᦈSsÓ%³²ᑭᵨ᳛ì஺íîÊ5ïðGZÊ8┯òÓóôZÊᨵᐵḄᐰ÷øùᜫᡠ.☠ឋ᝞#஺üýþ½<ᜧÿḄGuzmanḄUSPḄ஺ூ⁚௃1ஹ☟᝱᝱ᦪḄ⌕"#ᙠ%&'(ᫀ*☟᝱ᦪḄᦪ+,-.᪗012ᢝ⌴Ḅ567892ᢝ:;Ḅ<=஺᝱ᦪ>+,?ᨵ᪗0ABC+,᪗0ḄDCᩭ2ᢝ⌴Ḅ567஺6ஹFGHḄIJK(ᫀ*Lᵨ◤OI᡻ḄQRSᑡUVWCᦪḄ◤O஺ᙠXCᦪḄ◤OYᩭZW[ᦪK\S]^_C⊤aKḄ஺7ஹFGHḄ᪀ᱯd(ᫀ*Ḅe᪀ᱯd*☢ᔣ[ᦪK^_ᡈi[ᦪK^_jᘤ^_ḄlmᑴLᵨ◤OIᡈᦪImᑴJK*ᨵᜧpqrsᘤᡈtursᘤᨵvw᝱rsᑖDyᳮḄ{ஹ|}~ᨵᜐᳮᘤv~Lᵨ〉ᔠW[ᦪK\SḄᜐᳮᘤe᪀ᱯ#᪛ᡈᔠKe᪀஺8ஹ᪷ᡠᵨJKḄ1ᨵAஹBஹCஹ289

293Dஹ(ᫀ*A*᪷ᡠᵨJKḄ1ᨵ᪀ᦑ⌱A஺290

当前文档最多预览五页,下载文档查看全文

此文档下载收益归作者所有

当前文档最多预览五页,下载文档查看全文
温馨提示:
1. 部分包含数学公式或PPT动画的文件,查看预览时可能会显示错乱或异常,文件下载后无此问题,请放心下载。
2. 本文档由用户上传,版权归属用户,天天文库负责整理代发布。如果您对本文档版权有争议请及时联系客服。
3. 下载前请仔细阅读文档内容,确认文档内容符合您的需求后进行下载,若出现内容与标题不符可向本站投诉处理。
4. 下载文档时可能由于网络波动等原因无法下载或下载错误,付费完成后未能成功下载的用户请联系客服处理。
关闭