专题02 化学计量与化学计算-2021年高考真题和模拟题化学分项汇编（解析版）

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⚪02ᓄᓄ1.2021•ᐰὃᵬᔁ⚪NAᦪḄ஺ᑡḄA.18g0
!ᨵḄ#$ᦪIONAB.3molḄNO%HO&ᐰ'()*+Ḅᵯ$ᦪ4N-22C.32g./Sg(ᑖ$!ᨵḄS-S1ᦪINAD.1LH=4Ḅ0.Imol-L'KCrO34CrO^5$ᦪ0.1NP2272Aூ7ᫀ௃C18gூ:᪆௃A.DQḄ#$ᦪl஺<ឋ஺Ḅᱥ#Ḅ?@A=18gD0ᡠ!#$ᦪ9NAA┯E;B.NO?%H?O'(ḄᓄHIJKL3NO2+HO=2HNO+NO,M'(Nὑ3PNO?ᑖ$*+Ḅᵯ$ᦪ232P<ᑣᨵ3moiḄNO?R%'()<*+Ḅᵯ$ᦪ2NAB┯ESC.--P$8⇧஺6
ᑖ$!ᨵḄS-S1ᦪ8P<32gs8Ḅᱥ#Ḅ?஺~7=-mol,ᑣ!ᨵ8x32g/mol8ḄS-S1ᦪVX8XNA=NA,CS8D.⏚ឋK^Crq,34XᙠLCrO^+HO2CrO^+2H+,!Crᐗ[\]ᨵC0O^_CrO?,`U22ILpHHḄO.lmoLLkzCrQ,345$ᦪ(ab01NA,D┯ESᦑ⌱Co2.2021•efὃ⚪gNAᦪḄ஺ᑡhiḄA.lmolCHCl.3!ᨵC—C11Ḅᦪj3NAB.ILLOmol/LḄk⏚!ᨵ▢5$mᦪ2N,'C.1L2LNO%11.2L஺2nᔠpḄᑖ$ᦪjNAD.23gNa%q?H2O'(rᡂḄH2ᑖ$ᦪjNAூ7ᫀ௃A

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2A.18gH2^0!ᨵḄ$ᦪIONAB.O.lmolL'HC1034!ᨵḄH+ᦪ0
4C.2molNO%Imoõ஺2ᙠ°±²ᘤᐙᑖ'(pḄᑖ$ᦪ2NAD.11.2LCH_22.4LC12ᙳ᪗Ä/ᙠᐝ᯿ᐙᑖ'(pḄᑖ$ᦪ4ூ7ᫀ௃D182ூ:᪆௃A.18gH2ù0Ḅᱥ#Ḅ?úMfV'O!0+18-8=10P$<ᑣ18gH20!ᨵḄ$ᦪ9NAA┯ESB.ý34þ4moiH,ᨬ@4Aὑ4moicb,CH4EF3᪷HImol*+412ImolH,6780ImolHClᑖ4IImolCLllZLCH,)22.4LCULᙳN᪗:;ᨵᦪNNAB.31gp4Lᑖt᪀vwxஹOḄᐳ{|ᦪ}N1.5NAC.100mL0.1mol-IJiḄNaOH>ᨵᦪNO.OINAD.18.9gC6HSSNAONᑖFv189OḄ|ᦪ}N0.2NAூᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃A.᪗:;<.31.121?8஺2஺>ᨵᦪNv18-8=103ᡠ>ᨵᦪN3APQ;

3B.31gp_,1.5NABPQRC.lOOmLO.lmolU'ḄNaOH>ᨵᓄ)ᑺ3ᦪ}Nὅᦪ}Ḅa)3C┯#RD.18.9gC6H332஺418*C6H33NQ4Ḅ|ᦪ}N0.2NADPQRᫀNvC஺6.2021•XYZὃ\⚪O^NAN_`abcdᦪḄe3.ᑡghPQḄlA.1molNHJFᨔ¡>ᨵḄᐳ{|ᦪ}N3NAB.CH4)C2H42A'FeChA3COOH¢FCH3cH20Hᐙᑖ0ᡂḄCH3coOCH2cH3Aூᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃A.NH4Ft᪀¤ᨵ¥᪷>ᨵ4ᐳ{|3ᑣImolNFUFᨔ¡>ᨵḄᐳ{|ᦪ}N4NA,A┯#RB.CH§)C2H44)C2H4NANA¨©3B┯#R3NA,CPQ;3co0H¢FCH3cH20Hᐙᑖ0ᡂḄCH3coOCH2cH3ᑘ3D┯#Rᫀ⌱C஺1.2021«¬ZO^NAN_`abcdᦪḄe3.ᑡghPQḄlA.d®.3¯2°ᐭ3²³Ḅᵯᦪ}NNAB.§µ⏚>H+Ḅᦪ}NNAC.ᰚ¸ḄNaHSCU>ᨵḄ□ºᦪ}NNAD.d®d».334g¼½L¾SOH
ᡠ>ᦪN16NAூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃A.*+ḄN4⌮34⌮iÀÁÂᑮÄ3ᑣÅhÆÇ*+/0ḄᱥḄF)²³Ḅᵯᦪ}3ᦑA┯#RB.µ⏚lᐗË⏚3ᙠÌᑖᵯº3¾ÍᵯºNÎ3ᑣ§µ⏚>ºḄᦪ}NA,ᦑB┯#RC.Ï⏚lᵫº)Ï⏚᪷ºÑᡂḄºᓄᔠᱥ3ᰚ¸ḄÏ⏚>ᨵḄºᦪ}N

4ÓÓXIXNAmolWA,ᦑC┯#;34gD.—I6OHᡠ>ᦪN8,ᑣ34g—160Hᡠ>ᦪN¾,X8XNAmol6NA,ᦑDPQR17g/molᦑ⌱D஺2.$2021.XYZO^NAN_`abcdᦪḄe3.ᑡghPQḄlA.ImolAlCl%ᨔ¡>ᨵḄCÔᦪ}N3NAB.>0.1molFeChḄaᐭ¢FKT3ᐙᑖ²³ḄᵯᦪN0.1N,ஹC.4.6gC7H$)C3HQ,ḄÕᔠᱥÖᐰØÙ30ᡂH2஺ḄFN3.6gD.ÚlOmLO.lmol-LTNa2s2O3aᐭ¢FÛÏ⏚34ᦈÝᑮ22.4mL+¡L᪗:;cr,ᦑA┯#RB.FeCbKI0ᡂFeChஹLஹKCI,Feᐗßᓄᔠ{ᵫ+3àáx+2,âãN4⌮3aᐭḄ3iÀᐰÌ3ᐙᑖ²³ᵯᦪNA,ᦑB┯#vC.C7H8)C3H8஺3Ḅ᥅åFᙳN92g/mol,ãÕᔠᱥḄᱥḄFN3æçᓄᔠᱥḄHᦪ63ãÕᔠᱥHḄᱥḄFN3᪷HHèឤ4IÕᔠᱥÖᐰØÙ0ᡂH?0ḄᱥḄFN3HO2ḄFN3ᦑCPQRD.Na2s2஺3¢FÛÏ⏚êëìNNa2s2O3+H2s04=Na2sO4+SO2T+SI+H2O,0ᡂḄSChlᵫH2s03Ḅiíîឋᑖðᡂ3âSO2᧕32s2஺3Öᐰ0ᡂS02+¡¡òᙠ᪗:;<.3,ᦑD┯#RᦑᫀNCo3.$2021•YóZOᣓõᓄölö)ᢈø¨¾3ùlᣓõᓄö0ᡂᵬ⏚ḄEë3úNAN_`abcdᦪḄe3.ᑡghPQḄlA.lmoIN$C2H543>ᨵḄû᩽ឋ|Ḅᦪ}N3NAB.᪗:;<.322.4LC஺ýᑖ>ᨵ2NAᐳᵨᵯC.ÿᡂImolᵬ⏚Ḅᵯᦪ4NA

5D.Imolᵬ⏚⏣ᐙᑖᡂᵬ⏚ḄᦪNAூᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃CHCHaA.NC2H5
3!"#$%&'()ImolI*+ᨵḄ-᩽ឋ0ḄᦪH3NAᦑACH3CH2NCH2CH3234B.᪗6789CO?Ḅ:᪀ᐳᵨᵯ>ᦑB┯B4C.᦮"DECO2+H2FHCOOH,()GᡂImolᵬ⏚Ḅᵯᦪ2NAᦑC┯B4D.ᵬ⏚⏣ᙠIJ⏚KLᩩN9O⌮ᡂᵬ⏚()Imolᵬ⏚⏣ᐙᑖᡂᵬ⏚ḄᦪQRNAᦑD┯B஺TUᡠWᫀA஺4.2021•YZ[!\]^ᵨNA⊤`abKcdeᦪḄf9ᑡhW23ḄA.Imol/LḄCH3coOHij*CH3co0HCH3co0kᦪNAB.12glmn*+ᨵ0"0ᦪ4NAC.25࠷1.01xl05Pa.24.5LO2N2Ḅpᔠrsᡠ+ᑖᦪNAD.Imoltᨵ#uvḄvw*xvᡠ+ᨵyzᦪᨬ|5NAூᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃A.}~ijsᱥḄA┯B4B.12glmnḄᱥḄn=—=5=lmol,G"yzᡂ"ᐳ0G"yzᡂM12g/molk"ᐳ012glmn*+ᨵbᏉḄᦪ2NA,B┯B4C.25࠷1.01xl
5pars᥅sᑣḄpᔠrsḄᱥḄImol,+ᑖᦪNAC234D.uvᨵk"#xv|+ᨵ5"C,ᑣᨬ|+7"yzᦑImolᑖ*ᡠ+yzᦪᨬ|7NA,D┯B஺ᦑ⌱C஺

65.2021•ᔡ᪍z•[!\]^¡NAabKcdeᦪḄf9ᑡᨵᐵhW23ḄA."Na2s03ij*▢©ᦪAB.2H6஺+ᨵᐳ0ḄᦪAC.NA"CO2ᑖᡂḄᨔs*ᵯ>ᦪ4NAD.ImolNa$O2ᡂNazONazChḄpᔠᱥ·ᜫ¹ᵯᦪ2NAூᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃A.Na?SC^3ᙠ¼ij*½¼SO3+HO=HSO4+OH,ÁÂ-Na2so3ij*▢©ᦪᜧRA,ᦑ2A┯B4B.C2H60ᨵÅÆᑖÇ᪀sCH3cHzOHஹCH3OCH3,G"ᑖÊ+ᨵ8"ᐳ02Ì0+ᨵᐳ0ḄᦪA,ᦑB23C.NA"CChᑖḄᱥḄImoLCChḄ:᪀ImolCO?*ᐳᵨᵯ>ᦪ4NA,ᦑC┯B4D.·ÏrᡂNazONazChḄpᔠᱥ·ᐗÑᓄᔠᵫ0ᓣ[+1,Imol·ᜫ¹Imolᵯ,·ᜫ¹ᵯᦪNA,ᦑD┯B4⌱B஺6.2021•ÕÖ[!!\^¡NAabKcdeᦪḄf9ᑡ×23ḄA.eØeÙ920g2H20+ᨵÏzᦪNAB.᪗67892+ᨵḄᑖᦪ2NAC.•L-'ÜᓄÝij*+ᨵAÞᦪAD.lß·ᙠàr*áâᜫ¹ḄᵯᦪAூᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃A.2H2஺Ḅ&>ᑖ2X2+16=20,20g2H2஺ḄᱥḄImol,+ᨵNA"ÏzA23B.᪗89CS2ärsäåᵨᐸᱥḄB┯B4C.ijḄs}~ij*çèḄᦪC┯B4D.lß·ḄᱥḄᙠàr*áâᡂNazCh,NaḄᓄᔠᓣ[1ᡠéNA"ᵯD┯B;TUᡠWᫀA஺7.2021•ìᓭìî•[!!\^¡NAabKcdeᦪḄf஺9ᑡ×23ḄA.TNaClOij*+ᨵCIOḄᦪA

7B.ð1molNEhòᐰiR¼ᡠôij*n(NH3-H2O)+n(NH)=NAC.TNaHSCUij*+ᨵḄ□©ᦪAD.ð1molCH3coONaiRúû⏚*üijᕈ*ឋij*+CH3co0kᦪNAூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃A.tNaClOij*NaClOᱥḄC1CT¼()+ᨵCKTḄᦪA,ᦑA┯B.1molNFhᐰ⌮!"#ᡠ%&'n(NH3)+n(NH3-H2O)+n(NH)=NA,ᦑB┯C.TNaHS04&'NaHSChᱥ9Ḅ:;NaHSCUᵯ>?@>ABC>A"#DᨵḄ□>Aᦪ;A,ᦑC┯D.1molCH3coONaIJ⏚'L&ᕈ'ឋ᪷Pᵯ₹RឤB&ᕈ'ឋ%ᑮ&'DCH3coeTᦪ;NA,ᦑDVW஺YZᡠ[\ᫀ;D஺8.(2021•`ᓅbcd•efᨴὃ)iNA;jklmnoᦪḄp஺qᑡstVWḄA.᪗vwxqyᓄC'Dᨵy{AḄᦪ;AB.o|qlLpH=4ḄNaH2PO,&'DᨵNaḄᦪ;1X10"NAC.ឋᵯ᩽ᵯAgN஺?&᩽ᙳᵯ'ᵯAᦪ;NAD.CrOs'CrᐗḄᓄᔠ;+6,ᑣ13.2gCrO,ᑖA'ᙠḄᦪ;Aூ\ᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃A.᪗vwxqyᓄC¡Lᵨ᪗xqḄ᥅¤¥¦§A┯B.NaH2PO4¨¡ᐰᵯ>;@>ABHF஺©HFO¡ᐰᵯepH=4Ḅ&'ḄC>Aª«;llmol/L,ᑣ@>Aª«ᜧ104moi/L,ᑣ¯ᦪ°104NA,B┯;C.ឋᵯ᩽ᵯ²⏚³&□᩽ᡂ▢᩽ᐜᡂ³·ᡂC□᩽!;¸40H-4e=2HO+OT,᩽ᙳ᪷P□᩽ᵯᵯ'ḄᵯAᦪ;2NA,C22┯D.CrOs'CrᐗḄᓄᔠ;+6,᪷Pᓄᔠ'ᐗ¹ᦪB;0CrC^'1¯O»-24¯஺»

8132e-1ᑣCrC>5'Dᨵ¯CrOsḄᱥ9Ḅ:;7=°©molᓽCrC>5ᙠḄᦪ;132g/molA,DVW\ᫀ⌱D஺9.(2021•ÃÄᡂÅd•ÆÇ'ÈeffÉ)ᵨNA¹⊤jkËmnoᦪḄp஺qᑡstVWḄA.ᡠDᐳᦪᙳ;NAḄÍÎBᵬÐḄᱥ9Ḅ:ÑÒB.ᔣDImolCl-ḄNH4cl&'Ëᐭ〉:L&ᕈ'ឋ#&'NH¸ᦪ;NAC.2moiSO2×Imo஺ᙠØÙÚᘤ'ᐙᑖ!·Úᘤ'ḄᑖAÝᦪ;2MD.ᵨßàᵯ᩽ᵯ⛳BNaCl&âᵯZã▢ஹ□᩽ḄᑖAÝᦪ;NAூ\ᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃A.ÍÎḄå᪀᝞èImolÍÎ'D6moiᐳDImolᐳḄÍÎᱥ9Ḅ:;mol,ImolᵬÐD4moiᐳDImolᐳḄᵬÐᱥ9Ḅ:;A┯B.&ᕈ'ឋᑣ஻(H+)=஻(OH),åᔠᵯ₹Rឤw(NH¸)=஻(Cr)=1mol,BVWC.ë!;⌮!!ᱥ¡ᐰìᓄ;ᡂᱥÚᘤ'ᑖAÝᦪᜧ2NA,C┯D.ᵨßàᵯ᩽ᵯ⛳BNaCl&□᩽!;ßᜫᵯAî▢᩽ᵯ>?ḄC>AïᵯᡂC᪷Pᵯ'ḄᵯACD┯¸YZᡠ[\ᫀ;B.10.(2021•ðñòód•efôÉ)NA;jkËmnoᦪḄp஺qᑡstVWḄA.ImolNEFᨔ'Dᨵᐳᦪ;4NAB.Î⏚@&DᨵḄP0¸ᦪ×Î⏚@&DᨵḄP0¸ᦪÑÒC.᪗xq'DᨵḄ9Aᦪ;AD.60gsiO2ᨔ'DᨵḄSi-Oᦪ;2NAூ\ᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃A.NH&F'ø¯N{ABH{Aùᡂ4¯ᐳᡠúImolNFUFᨔ'Dᨵᐳᦪ;4NA,AVW;B.P0¸ᙠ&'ûüª«ýþ«ýᜧᑣÎ⏚@&DᨵḄP0¸ᦪÎ⏚@&

9DᨵḄP0¸ᦪB┯¸C.᪗xqHF¡ᵨ¦§ᐸᱥ
ḄC┯D.60gsi02ᨔᨵImolSiSiᡂ4Si-0ᡠᨵḄSi—Oᦪ4NA,D┯ᡠᫀA஺11.(2021•ᓅₚ#$•%&'()*NA+,-./01ᦪḄ2஺3ᑡ5678Ḅ+A.ImolKMnOq9:Mi?+;<ᵯᦪ4B.᪗?@A3I1TOICH4OᐳCᦪ4NAC.ᔣ0.4mol-LTḄNH4clEFGᐭNH,IឋEFNHKᦪ0.4NAD.᪗?@A3HC1ᑖḄC1ḄCMᵯNᦪ4NAூᫀ௃DூQ᪆௃A.lmolKMnO49:MI?+;<Ḅᵯᦪ5NAA┯B.ImolCHQᡠᐳCᦪ5/B┯C.ᵫUVWXY6Z[c┯D.HC1ᐳCᓄᔠᱥHC1ᑖC1ḄCMᵯNᦪ4NA,D78ᦑ⌱D஺12.(2021•`ᓅabc$•%&&')dXNA+,-./01ᦪḄ23ᑡ5678Ḅ+A.᪗?@A3N2eH2fᔠg4NAB.hiᓄjklmnopᡂig;<ḄᵯᦪNAC.(NHj2Fe(SC)4)2EFᨵḄFe?+ᦪNAD.sCl2GᐭᑮuḄlEFCvஹHC1OஹCIOxyzᦪNAூᫀ௃BூQ᪆௃A.{ge|gᙳ~Uᑖ᪗?@A3N?eHZfᔠgḄᱥ
ḄImol,ᨵḄᦪ

102N4,ᦑA┯;B.hiᓄjklmnpᡂ|iᓄjeighiᓄjiᐗḄC᝱ᑖᵫ-1Cᓣ%ᑮ()Cᑖᑮ-2C1molhiᓄj.mnpᡂig;<ᵯImol,pᡂigo;<ḄᵯᦪN,vᦑB78C.xlQᡠmoLlJi(NH4%Fe(SO4)2EFᨵḄFe?+ᦪ©UNAᦑC┯;D.sCUGᐭᑮuḄlEF¬ᙠCLஹHC1OஹCIO,cr°±xy᪷³±´ឤ¶·ᑖ᪆EFCvஹHC1OஹCIOxyzᦪ©UNAᦑD┯ᦑ⌱B஺13.(2021•º»¼#$•%&'()*NA,-./01ᦪḄ23ᑡ5678Ḅ+A.᪗?@A33H8ᑖḄ஺ḄᦪAB.ᙠ2ᐙᑖ¿À;<ᵯᦪAC.k2fᔠᱥ
ᦪAD.ÁÂ3pH=9ḄCH3coONaEFᵫlᵯḄH+ᦪ1O'NAூᫀ௃BூQ᪆௃224LA.᪗?@A33%Ḅᱥ
Ḅn(C3H8)=^-----=,C3H8ᑖᐳᨵ10Gᡠ3H8ᑖ22.4L/molḄ஺ḄᦪNA,ᦑA┯56a71஺B.Ḅᱥ
Ḅn(Fe)=”2Ḅᱥ
Ḅn(Ch),Ìv?kÍÎmnpᡂ±ᓄh56g/mol71g/molᓽ2Ðᐰmn;<ᵯ;<ᵯᦪNA,ᦑB78C.1NOᨵ15
1஺2ᨵ16
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ᦪNAAWVA,ᦑC┯D.pH=9⊤ÖEF|×Ø10-9moi/L,⚪Ûᨵ5ÜEFḄVᦑY6Z[|ᦪᦑD┯ᫀ⌱B.14.(2021.ÝÞᡂß$.%&à')*NA,-./01ᦪḄ2஺3ᑡ5678Ḅ+A.áââḄᦪ3NAB.3lQᡂḄ|iᓄãyᦪNAC.lmolCH4kImolCbᙠᐝ᯿3ᐙᑖmnpᡂCH3clḄᑖᦪNAD.3g3HeᨵḄᦪNA

11ூᫀ௃DூQ᪆௃A.áèââA┯B.|iᓄãy+éêãḄëìY6?8Z[3lQᡂḄ|iᓄãyᦪB┯C.CH«kChᙠᐝ᯿3îpïðmn~Uñ┝mnpᡂᱥà±ᵬôஹõ±ᵬôஹ&±ᵬôஹݱᓄâöHCIḄfᔠᱥY6?8Z[pᡂḄà±ᵬôḄᱥ
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ᦪ3,ᦪ3-2=1,ᑣ3g3ᓛḄᦪ&ὅ&xNAHIOvõᑘD783g/molᦑ⌱D஺15.û2021•üýᓭÿ•NAᦪḄᑡᨵᐵḄA.lOOmLlmolL'NH^l&'()ᨵ□+,Ḅᦪ-./AB.t2⏚&'()ᨵḄᑖ,ᦪ-./AC.60gsiChᨔ=()ᨵ>SiCh@A☢=C᪀ᓫᐗḄᦪ-NAD.25࠷KKspNCaSO4=9xl0-6,ᑣWXYCaSCh⛳[&'()ᨵ3]10-3ᵫ`Ca?+ூdᫀ௃Cூg᪆௃A.ijklᵯ+nop+,ஹ╆+,jigsigtὑḄv+,woᡂḄp+,yᱥ{Ḅ|sᦑlOOmLlmol-L'NH^l&'()ᨵḄ□+,ᦪ-ᜧ/A,A┯B.2⏚&'()ᨵ2⏚ᑖ,[iᑖ,s“2⏚&'()ᨵḄᑖ,ᦪ-ᜧ/A,B┯C.SiChᨔ=(`ấ,w4`,ᡂ4`ấஹ`,w2`ấ,ᡂஹᑣᓄấᨔ=ᵫ>SiCMA☢=C᪀᪀ᡂ஺60gsi02ᨔ=()ᨵImolSi,ஹᑣᡠ)>SiO@A☢=C᪀ᓫᐗḄᦪ-4NA,CD.⍝WCaSO,⛳[&'Ḅ=sᦑjCa2+Ḅᦪ-sD┯dᫀ⌱C஺16.N2021••ᵨNA⊤ᦪḄsᑡ¡¢ḄA.50mLi2moi/L¤⏚w¥|MnC^ᐳ¨s©ªḄᵯ,ᦪ0.3NAB.¥|«ᙠImolCl?(ᐙᑖ®¯s°±©ªḄᵯ,ᦪ3NAC.46gC2H6஺ᑖ,()᩽ឋᦪ-´µ7N,ஹ

12D.XsᔣILO.lmoLLJi2⏚¸&'(ᐭ2⏚º(ឋsᑣ&'(CH3coCTḄᦪ-0.1N,ஹூdᫀ௃Dூg᪆௃A.Mi4஺»w¼¤⏚ᙠ¨Ḅᩩ¾°±oᡂ¿ÀsÁḼ°±ḄÃÄs¼¤⏚ÅƤ⏚s°±ÇÈs¤⏚ÉᐰËÌw°±sj©ªḄᵯ,ᦪsA⚗┯B.«ᙠ¿À(®¯Îᑮ¿ᓄ«s¥|«ᙠImolCL(ᐙᑖ®¯sᢥÎᜫᵯ,ᦪÒឤs°±©ªḄᵯ,ᦪ2NAB⚗┯C.Ô46gC2HCHQCH3,ᑣ)᩽ឋᦪ-8NAC⚗┯D.XsᔣlLO.lmoLLT2⏚¸&'(ᐭ2⏚º(ឋsᑣc$0H4=c$H+4,᪷Ö᪶ᵯ₹ᦪc$CH3coO4+c$OH4k$Na*4+c$H*4Ùc$CH3co0´4=c$Na*4,ᑣ&'(CH3co$TḄᦪ-y/¸+,Ḅᦪ-sOÚNAD⚗dᫀ⌱D஺17.$2021.ÛᓅÝÞ•NAᦪḄsᑡ¡¢ḄA.´µᩩ¾sImoINzw¥|H2°±oᡂNH3Ḅᦪ-2NAB.34go()ᨵḄ᩽ឋᦪ-2NAC.ᙠ°±KCK43+6HC1=KC1+3CLT+3H2O(soᡂ3moic1©ªḄᵯ,ᦪ6NAD.25࠷KslLpH=13ḄBa$0H42&'(Ba?+ᦪ-Aூdᫀ௃Dூg᪆௃A.´µᩩ¾sN?wH?°±⌮°±sImoINzw¥|H2oᡂNEUḄᦪ-./2NA,ᦑA┯B.34goḄᱥ{Ḅ|s)ᨵḄ᩽ឋᦪ-3NA,ᦑB┯C.ᙠ°±KC1O3+6HC1=KC1+3CLT+3H2஺°±(¿ᐗàᓄᔠâᔣ(ã☠ås¿⏚æ(¿ᐗàᓄᔠâᨵ+5âÅᡂ0âḄ¿Àsoᡂ3moi¿À©ªç5moiᵯ,sᦑC┯D.25࠷K1LpH=13ḄBa$0H42&'(c$OH-,0mᦪ-A,Ba?+ᦪ-A,ᦑDdᫀ⌱D஺18.$2021•èᓭ⊝□•NAëᦪḄsᑡ¡¢Ḅ

13A.amolR2+(R᪶ᑁ(,ᦪN,{|ᦪA)Ḅ᪶᜜ᵯ,ᦪa(A-N-2)NAB.10g46%Ḅᵬ⏚(HCOOH)i&'(ᡠ),ᦪAC.)0.2molH2sO4Ḅ¼ï⏚[¥|╅°±s©ªᵯ,ᦪAD.ñImolCO?&/〉|i(s&'(COஹHCOE[H2cO3ó,ᦪô[NAூdᫀ௃Aூg᪆௃A.R᪶ᑁ(,ᦪN,{|ᦪA,RḄ{,ᦪ(A-N),ᑣRḄ᪶᜜ᵯ,ᦪ(A-N),Rᜫõ2`ᵯ,ᡂR*R.2+Ḅ᪶᜜ᵯ,ᦪ(A-N-2),ᑣamolR"Ḅ᪶᜜ᵯ,ᦪa(A-N-2)NA,A⚗10gx46%B.10g46%Ḅᵬ⏚i&'(HCOOHḄᱥ{Ḅ|/ö~-=0.1mol,()ᨵO,Ḅᦪ-A,10g46%46g/molḄᵬ⏚i&'(H2஺Ḅᱥ{Ḅ|03mo1,2஺()ᨵ0,Ḅᦪ-A,ᦑ10g46%Ḅᵬ18g/mol⏚(HCOOH)i&'(ᡠ),ᦪ0.2NA+0.3NA=0.5NA,B⚗┯C.Mg[¼ï⏚°±ÙMg+2HSO(^)=MgSO+SOT+2HO,Mg[Æï⏚°±Ù24422Mg+HSO=MgSO+Ht,°±ᨵH2OoᡂsÁḼ°±ḄÃÄs¼H2sO,ÅÆH2sO”᝞ù°2442±úᨵSO2oᡂsᑣ©ªᵯ,sÔ°±úᨵH2oᡂsᑣ©ªᵯ,sᡠû)0.2molH2s஺4Ḅ¼ï⏚[¥|╅°±s©ªᵯ,ᦪ-ᜧ/A./A,C⚗┯D.ñImolCOz&/〉|i(s&'(ó,◀çCOEஹHCO[H2cO3᜜sýᨵCOᑖ,sᦑ&'(COEஹ32HCO3ஹH2cO3[CO2ó,ᦪô[NA,D⚗┯dᫀ⌱A஺19.(2021•ᓅþ´)
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22A.¤¥¦ᘤImolHzImolL¨ᑖ(eᦪI2NAB.Imol©ᙠImolªd«¬%&Ḅᵯ(ᦪI3NAC.46gC2H6஺>ᐰ«¬ᨵ5NAC-H®¯°AH+ூJᫀ௃Aூ@᪆௃A.h+ᡂH1Ḅ-ᙠ/⊝:H2+I2B2HLᐹᨵf▲´µ¨d
ᑖ(eᦪ*,ᦑ¨ᑖ(eᦪ·ᯠI2NA,A:;B.Imol©lImolªd©ªd>ᐰ%Iªs(%&Ḅᵯ(ᦪI2NA,B┯C.C2H6஺¹$º⏣ᡈὅᵬ¾ὅDᨵḄC-H®ᦪ*w¿bᑨ¯¯°ḄC-H®ᦪvC┯;A,D┯ᦑ⌱Ao35.(2021•ÂᓅÄÅÆS•TUV)NAu⊤YZ[R\]ᦪḄ^஺_ᑡÈÉ┯ḄA.dÊḄ!ᔠd
ᡠD(ḄᦪvIAB.᪗_ºËᡠDᐳᵨᵯ(ḄᦪvIAC.$ª⏚ÎlÏ⏚IᧇᑴᜓImolCL,%&ᵯ(ḄᦪvI2NAD.•UNaClOpqᡠDCIOḄᦪv59AூJᫀ௃Cூ@᪆௃32gA.02ஹ03ᵫ(᪀ᡂᦑ!ᔠd
(Iᑣ஻(0)=,Ô=0.2mol,ᓽNA,A:;;16g/mol448IB.1C2H$ᑖÕ•Dᨵ6ᐳᵨᵯ(ᑣºËᡠDᐳᵨᵯ(ᦪv=-------x6=1.2mol,ᓽNA,22.4L/molB:;C.ᵫKCQ+6HC1=3C12+KC1+3H2O,Ø+ᡂ3moicE%&5moiᵯ(,ᑣ+ᡂImolChc,%&ᵯ(I3mol,ᓽ*NA,C┯33D.n(NaCIO)=lLX,ᵫ9CIOÚ@ᦑpqCIO59ᓽ59NA,D:;ᦑJᫀ⌱C«36.(2021•OPÛÜS•TUUV)XNAIYZ[R\]ᦪḄ^஺_ᑡab:;Ḅ

23A.ImolKOKSḄ!ᔠᱥᡠDs(ᦪvI3NA22B.ILO.lmol-PH3PO,pqᡠDH,ᦪvI¹ëC.ImoICCXNH2%ᑖ(ᡠDᐳᵨᵯ(ᦪvI7NAD.᪗_ᵬ¾(HCHO)ᡠD(ᦪvI14NAூJᫀ௃Aூ@᪆௃A.ó0NazOḄ□s(▢s(I21,ImolK^OK2sḄ!ᔠᱥᡠDs(ᦪvI3NAᦑA:;B.H3P஺4Iû⏚*>ᐰᵯsILO.lmol-LTH3Po4pqᡠDH+ᦪv89NAᦑB┯C.lmolCO(NH2)2ᑖ(ᡠDᐳᵨᵯ(ᦪvI8NAᦑC┯D.᪗_ᵬ¾(HCHO)ᡠD(ᦪvI16"ëᦑD┯ᦑ⌱Ao37.(2021..)NAᦪḄᑡ┯!Ḅ"A.ᔠᡂ&'()*ᡂ᪗,&-./Ḅᵯ1ᦪAB.ḄNa2cO389:▢ஹ□>1Ḅ?ᦪᜧAAC.NH5ḄE᪀GHANH4CI,ᑣ1molNHs:ᡠRGSḄᦪT5NAD.VWᵯᓄYῖ⇨*ᡂ2O3FH2O,ᑣ]᩽'(ᜫᵯ1ᦪAூaᫀ௃Cூd᪆௃fᓄᑺA.hiᔠᡂ&'(ḄᓄYjklN2+3H2U2NH3,op*ᡂ᪗,&-./ᵯ1ᦪ6NA,ᑣ*ᡂqr᪗,&-./Ḅᵯ1ᦪA,ᦑAtuvB.Na2c0389:wxᨵz>1{|⏚᪷>1ᨵ>1{᪷>1ᦑḄNa2c0389:▢ஹ□>1Ḅ?ᦪᜧAA,ᦑBtuvC.NH5ḄE᪀GHANHK1,ImolNH4cl:ᡠR6SḄᦪT4NA,ᑣ1molNH5:ᡠR஺SḄᦪT4NA,ᦑC┯!vD.VWᵯᓄYῖ⇨*ᡂ2O3FH2O,ᕡḼᨵWᓄᑣ./ᵯ1ᦪA,ᦑDtuv⚪aᫀC஺

2438.2021□ᵨNA⊤ᦪḄᑡwtuḄ"A.:||SḄᦪTNAB.q46gᵫNCh{ᵬHCS
ᡂḄᔠᱥ:RᨵḄᑖ1ᦪNAC.᪗£¤,3:RᨵḄᐳ¦SᦪTNAD.3ASO489:▢>1?ᦪᜧANAூaᫀ௃Bூd᪆௃A.§:¨||Sᙠᑖ1:ªRᨵ1«||S¬ᙠ:||SḄᦪTNA,AtuvB.NO?®ᑖ.ᓄNzCU,¯ᙠᓄY°⊝N2O4²o³ᓄHCS,ᦑ46gᵫNO2{ᵬHCS
ᡂḄᔠᱥ:RᨵḄᑖ1ᦪ´ANA,B┯!vC.ᙠ᪗£¤,3ḄᱥµḄ¶"ᵫAᙠ1«NH3ᑖ1:Rᨵ3«ᐳ¦Sᦑᙠ3:RᨵḄᐳ¦SᦪTNA,CtuvD.3AsO489:Rᨵ8µḄᱥµḄ¶"·¸"¹º»⏚¸AsO¼½¾*¿d'(À*OH-{HAsO¼,Á89:▢>1ᦪTÂᦑᙠRNa3Ase
4Ḅ·89:RᨵḄ▢>1ᦪTᜧANA,Dtuvᦑᔠᳮ⌱⚗"B஺39.2021ÆÇᑁÉNAᦪḄ஺ᑡtuḄ"A.3¿dÊᡂḄËÌÍ1ᦪAB.qÎNH4cl89Ï-NHKl89ᡠRḄNH¼ᱥµḄ¶wÐC.᪗£¤,3:RᨵḄᐳᵨᵯ1ÑᦪT4NAD.᪗£¤,2Ò--Ì:ᡠRḄ:1ᦪ2NAூaᫀ௃Bூd᪆௃A.Ó«ËÍ"Ô«ᓄWḄÕÖÌᦑ×3¿dᑴᡂËÌᡠÙËÌÍ1ᦪÚAA,ᦑA┯!vB.q4cl89Ï4cl89ᡠR8µÛᓄWḄᱥµḄ¶ÜᵫAÝ>1¾*¿dÞß>1àáâᜧ,¿dkáâÚᡠ³ã89:RᨵḄä>1àáwåᦑBtuvC.᪗,Ûᵬæ9ÌwçÁᵨ-Ì᥅éÌêᦑC┯!vD.᪗£¤,2ḄᱥµḄ¶n=V/Vm,1«D2Rᨵ2«:1ᑣ:1ᦪA=1NA,ᦑD┯!vᦑ⌱¼B஺

2540.(2021ëìíî)NA"ᦪḄᑡ┯!Ḅ"A.ᵯdïðñò□᩽µ¶óô32g,ᵯõ:./ᵯ1ᦪNAB.qr42g{öḄᔠᱥ:R3NA«|÷1C.•LÎFeCb89øᐭú¿:ᡠÙFe(OH)3ËÍᦪÚAAD.qḄCH3coONa89:ᵫ¿ᵯ>ûḄH+ᦪXIO^NAூaᫀ௃Aூd᪆௃A.ᵯdïðñᵨüñý□᩽□᩽✌ᐜ
Ḅᵯ
Ḅ□᩽Ḅᩭ□᩽32g,Ḅᵯᦪ!"NA,ᦑA┯%&B.'()*+Ḅᨬ-."CFh,42g'()*+Ḅ/ᔠᱥᱥḄ"3mol,ᑣ33NA456ᦑB78&C.9:);<ᓄ>Ḅᦪ
1%1,?"9:ᵫAB;<ᓄ>CᙠEᡂḄᡠFe(0H)39:ᦪHIA,ᦑC78&D.J⏚LMNᵯOPᩭḄc(H+)=c(OH),ᡠQRḄCH3coONaḄLMᵫNᵯOḄOH-ᦪS"X105NA,ᑣᵫNᵯOḄH+ᦪS"X1(?5NA,ᦑD78&Tᫀ⌱Ao41.(2021•XYᔺ[\•]^_`)NAbcdefQᦪḄg஺ᑡjk78ḄA.1molSiOM3ᨵ2molấ

26A.14gC'(3ᨵḄC—HnᦪS"2NAB.ḄNaFL3ᨵḄᦪ"2NAC.2ḄC2H6ᡂHC1ḄᦪS"2NAD.Ḅ<ḄNaᵯᦪS"NAூTᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃A.C'(MC-HᏉᦪSIH6ᦪC'(Ḅᨬ-"CH?,ᦑ14gC'(M3ᨵ2molH6ᓽC-HnᦪS"2NA,ᦑA78&B.ḄNaFM3ᨵᦪ"2moiNaḄᦪ"11,F"9
ᓄLM3ᨵNNMᨵᡠ3ᨵḄᦪ⌕ᜧI2ᑘᦑB┯%&C.jḄt᝱⍝ḄᱥḄᯠPᓄ;ḄᱥḄᦑC┯%&D.<ᡂ<ᓄᡂ<ᓄᙠ⚪SM¢kᑨ¤O¥{6"-1¦{-2¦ᦑ¢k§ᵯᦪᦑD┯%&ᦑ⌱A,43.2021•▷©ª«\•]^ᐸ`®¯°NA⊤²bcdefQᦪḄg஺ᑡjk78ḄA.14gC*(M3C-HnqᦪS"2NAB.;<³ᧇᵯµ7᩽¶ὑ22.4L¸᪗stu¯¹ºᵯ»M¼ḄᵯᦪS"2NAAᑮ0.2NA¾¿D.ᵯÀÁºÂ□᩽Ã64g,ᑣ▢᩽ÄᑮᵯḄᦪS"2NAூTᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃A.C*(MC—HnᦪSIH6ᦪC*(Ḅᨬ-"CH2,ᡠ14gC*(3ᨵ2moi;63C-HnqᦪS"2NA,ᦑA78&A,ᦑB┯%&A,ᦑC┯%&D.ᵫIÅM3ᨵᩖᡠᨬÇᜫÉᵯḄḄÊËஹ>?y▢᩽Äᑮᵯᦪ"2NA4ᑣ□᩽Ã64g,ᦑD┯%&ᦑ⌱Ao44.2021•ÌÍÎÏÐÑ\ÏÐÑ^M]^ᐸ`®¯ᵨNAÓ⊤bcÔefQᦪḄgᑡjk78ḄA.100gᑖᦪ"46%Ḅ⏀ÀL3ᨵO6ᦪ"NA

27B.×ØÙᘤMImolh)ImolFhᐙᑖÜÙᘤMᒕÞᑖᦪ"2NAC.pH"1ḄHC1LM0HḄßà!"10“3moiá1D.lOgDzO)H218AூTᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃A.100gᑖᦪ"46%Ḅ⏀ÀLM3ᨵ46gC2H50H¸ᓽImol
)54g
0ᓽ3mo1
,3ᨵO6ᦪ"4NA,A┯%B.âḄᱥãᦪ¾)ᡂᱥãᦪ¾)äᡠåܹᑖᦪæB78&C.Rà¢k᪷èpH8!;<᪷ḄßàC┯%D.60)H218A,D┯%;êëᡠìTᫀ"B஺45.2021íX]^ᐸ`®¯°NAbcdefQᦪḄg஺ᑡjk78ḄA.᪗stu1L2LC1O23ᨵ<6qᦪî"NAB.QRILO.lmoLLJiḄHILM□Oqᦪ"01NAC.8gïð3ᨵ55ᓫnḄᦪS"NAD.30gNOᐙᑖᵯᦪSHI2NAூTᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃A.C1O2ᰚó-59࠷,ôó?y᪗uL᝱ᵨ¹Ḅ᥅йöᩭ§ᱥḄA┯%&B.LM□Oᒹ3HIᵯOḄ;O)NᵯOḄ;O□OqᦪᜧIO.INAB┯%&A,C78&D.30gNOḄᱥḄ"n=m/M=30/30mol=Imol,<ᡂ_<ᓄøᐙᑖᵯᦪI2NA,D┯%஺ᦑ⌱Co46.2021ùú\•]^^`¯ᵨNA⊤²bûdefQᦪᑡjk78Ḅ3N2,ᵯᦪ¢k§B.×ØÙᘤM2moiSO2)Imol02üᓄÜᑖqᦪᜧI2NAC.ImolýþM3ᨵḄᵯᦪ"IONA

28NA4HC1ᑖூᫀ௃Bூ
᪆௃3N2NA,ᦑA┯B.S0202Ḅᓄ⌮(2SO2+O2U2so3),()*+,ᘤ./2moiSCh31molChᓄᓄᑺ6ᑖ7ᦪᜧ:2NA,ᦑB;<C.1mol=>.?ᨵḄᵯᦪ(8+I)M\=9NA,ᦑC┯BD.HC1E:F6/HC1GHIᐰᵯK/EL.MHC1ᑖᒕO/ᦑD┯PQᡠS/TU;<ḄVB⚗/ᦑᫀB஺47.(2021♦[ᓭ᧎^_•aab)NAVcdefghᦪḄi஺jᑡTU;<ḄVAlmnB.hhoj/18grF(D?0)?ᨵḄᵯᦪIONA2tuḄv/wxḄᵯᦪNAD.yzᩩ|j/lmolN2tuḄH2ᐙᑖ/Hᡂ2NAlNH3ᑖூᫀ௃Aூ
᪆௃Aln/A;<;B.hhoj/18grF(D2A,B┯2ḄᱥḄuVImoLtuḄv/wxḄᵯᦪ2NA,C┯D.yzᩩ|j/ImolN?tuḄH?ᐙᑖ/ᵫ:V⌮/HᡂNMᑖᦪ:2NAl/D┯ᫀ⌱A஺48.(2021•_•ab)NA⊤cdefghᦪḄi/jᑡTU;<ḄVA.12g.?ᨵᓄḄᦪ4NA2AAD.Imol/LMgCLEL./?ᨵḄᦪ2NAூᫀ௃Cூ
᪆௃A.12g?Imoln/ᡂᐳᦪ2NA,ᦑA┯

29B.ImolCaCh?ᨵImolOE2A,ᦑB┯A,ᦑC;<D.EL^

30B.᪗×ÉØj/CHChC.ᵫᵯKÙÚÛHFQH++F,´HFEL.c(H+Ac(F)=jKa-C(HF)=j8.1?10"?yy(D01=ᗓ/L/æi]஻(H+)=c(H*)W=90fftol/L?l(L=Q4t)l-3/C;<D.GHᔾºῖ⇨³/Feᙠò᩽ᜫᵯwᓄFe2+,õᵯ᩽BFe-2e=Fe2+,ᦑᵯ᩽ÐÑwxᵯᦪ=/6gx2=0.2mol(÷øFez+6úᙠû᛻.⌲þwᓄFezCh-xEO
Ḅᵯᵯ᩽56g/molḄᵯ)D┯ᦑᫀ⌱C஺