2023年广东中考物理考点精讲与真题考点17浮沉条件的应用

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23D.ÎqᳫA2Ï~.ᐭB±*A%BÐÑḄ1^ᓄ\]ᡠdᘤᑁ0☢Ḅ°Cᓄ³\]ᓽ஻A=A஻B,Ãp=pgh,ᡠAPA>A/B,ᦑD஺12.CA.ᵫTÓ9ᱥIG=9N,ᱥ1Ôᐰ£wÖ=5N,ᑣᱥ1ᑮḄᨬᜧ%=G-F=9N-5N=4NᦑA┯YB.Ø4Ù=஺0gV᣸ᱥ1Ḅ1^V-V---------------------------------=4x10'11?=40001?n஺/g1.0x103kg/m3x1ON/kgᦑB┯YC.ᱥ1Ḅ²³Ú9=499kgg1ON/kgᱥ1ḄBCÛÜ=Ý=225><1|ᦑCD.ᱥ16Þyz26⊤☢ᙠr2Ḅ[Cᜧᵫp=2g9r*dᘤÀÁḄg¢ᜧ᪷F=pS96⊤☢ᑮḄgᜧᦑD┯Y஺ᦑ⌱C஺ញ/ὃãäᐵ1.D᪷ᱥ13ᩩæ9çᙊé.ê┡ìḄr2ᵫFçᙊḄI#íᑮḄᜧᡠ¾3ᙠrÀ஺|îQïð±çᙊᐸᑁÁñ1îòóôçᙊ᣸nrḄ1^ᜧᵫE?=0gᓃK9ᡠᜧᜧFIçᙊ¤ö8ᨬ±Eᙠr☢8÷HFIᦑ⌱D஺2.CA.ᵫT%⚪?9ᵬஹøÔᐰ\]Ḅùᴻûüýþrÿᐹ
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FAVFBVFC,ᦑA┯lQBஹᵫtr0A(Bᜐ%ACᜐ%jAᑣᵫAhᩩr0GA=F,GB=FB,GC=FC,ᵫ%EVᡭA1mGᦑB┯lQCஹᵫtr0}ᐰḄᘤᑁ6Ḅ9ᵫ᜛=᜛8%r0bc#sᐵ+pFpz=p}ᘤḄb☢:᪷/F=pSrᘤbc?ᑮ6Ḅ#ᜧ)ᐵ+:

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ᩈᙽᡠ?ᑮḄAF7ᡠ᣸6Ḅ:%ᩈᙽḄ:ᵫ⚪O0ᩈᙽḄ:Å=ᓃᑣᩈᙽḄw=£="ᓲQᦑA┯lᦑDIJQB.Ç᠒É#ᩈᙽḄÊË>Ì6m>6Ḅ9K·ᵫ2=°8/?r0Ì6mbc?ᑮ6Ḅ#sK·ᦑB┯lQC.ᩈᙽᐰ;<¶ḄAF/=p*gV2tᩈᙽᐰ;<7ᵫḄp⊝ᩩrÎF?'=F«+GᡭᡠÏᩈᙽḄ#(ᨬᜧ#)F"=,A'-Gᩈ=᜛GgV2-mg=pᩈg-pᩈVig=p/g(V2-V1),ᦑC┯lQ9.A

32ᵫtr0ᩈᙽA(ÓÔᙽBᙠᵬஹit>$ᜐÕA᝱ᡠ?ᑮḄA$%ḄxᵬஹiÖ×Ø>AஹBᱥ?ᑮḄA᪷/ᳮr0᣸6Ḅ:ᑣᵬt>ᩈᙽA᣸6Ḅ:%it>ÓÔᙽB(ᩈᙽA᣸6Ḅ:(ᡠᵬt>ᩈᙽA᣸6Ḅ:ᜧ%it>ᩈᙽA᣸6Ḅ:ᵬt>ᩈᙽÉ⊤☢ᡠᜐḄ9ᜧ%it>ᩈᙽÉ⊤☢ᡠᜐḄ9ᡠᵬt>ᩈᙽÉ⊤☢ᡠ?Ḅ#sᜧ%it>ᩈᙽÉ⊤☢ᡠ?Ḅ#sQᵫtÚr0tÚ>ᩈᙽAᜐ%A᝱ᩈᙽA?ᑮḄA%ᩈᙽḄÓÔᙽBÉhÓÔᙽB?ᑮḄA)%ÓÔᙽḄᑣtÚ>AஹBᱥ?ᑮḄA()%Ḅ(ᡠÚt>᣸6Ḅ:)%it>᣸6Ḅ:ᙠiஹÚÖ×ØÉB᣸6Ḅ:ᡠÚt>A᣸6Ḅ:)%it>A᣸6Ḅ:ᡠit>ᩈᙽÉ⊤☢ᡠᜐḄ9ᜧ%Út>ᩈᙽÉ⊤☢ᡠᜐḄ9ᡠit>ᩈᙽÉ⊤☢ᡠ?Ḅ#sᜧ%Út>ᩈᙽÉ⊤☢ᡠ?Ḅ#s஺ᦑAIJ஺10.CAB.
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34প:᜜ᑮḄp=pgh=1.03x103kg/m3x1ON/kgx4500m=4.635xlO7PaফḄ4“!”#$ᮣ&ᙢ()ஹ+⌨ஹ-./᝱01ᙠ3ᓄ/ᦑ6#ᦋ3ᱥ9Ḅ᝱஺[3];ᣵ=>(/?@A᝱/ᵫCAᩩEFGA6HI6J;ᣵ=>+/KLI63/ᵫMNOPQᳮFG/᣸TU99VW3/ᡠḄA6W3/ᑮḄI6A6/ᦑYZᓣ஺ভ]☟_ᙠ☢ZḄacd᯿ᱥ/“fgh”iaḄjk⌲m3/ᦑ“fgh”nḄ஺ম᜜pqᵨᩭt⍩vᘤḄxy/z{|ᕒ~⍩vᘤḄ᜜⍩vᢞᡈ;ᦈᑮaZ஺15.ᔾᦈW3W3ூ௃IU0ᙽA☢᝞ᡠᙽᙠᰚᓄ/ᔾᦈ஺[2]Aᙠ☢Z/᪷F«=GᱥFGmfi=mfnᓄᡂ+/᣸TḄᑖ⊡/ᦑḄW3/ᦑᙽᰚᓄ+¡¢ᑮḄW3஺বᵫᓄᡂ/¤W3/¡¥Ḅ¤W3/¡¥¦§¨☢Ḅ6W3/©ª☢VW3/ᦑ¡¥§¨☢ḄW3஺16.pgSh«1¬{d-d|ூ௃ᩈᙽ¯ᐭU9Ḅ±ch/᣸TU9Ḅ9VV„=S|/7tᑣᩈᙽᑮḄA6F=pgV»=pgS\hnফ³´1/ᩈᙽᡠḄA6HᩈᙽḄI6஺µ¶·¸ᘤ¹/º»ḄA6H³§ᩈᙽḄ¼6/ᓽY¶¹ᐭU9+/ᩈᙽ᣸TU9Ḅ9V

35ᡠ]¾“᣸5s¿À¬17.(1)41.5m3J(2)1.0xl08PaJ(3)8xlO3Nூ௃(1)Ó᪠Õ¬Ö=ᙠ☢ZᜐA᝱/ᑮA6HÖ=ḄI6/ᓽØ=4ᡃ=Õ=g=4.15x104kgxlON/kg=4.15X105NᵫFß᣸TḄ9V=—=-415X1()5N_5m3=41᣸஺g1.0xl03kg/m3xlON/kg-(2)µ“ᧅ”ä|ᘤåᑮ10000m±/ᑮḄp=᜛g஻=1.0xl03kg/m3x1ON/kgxl(XXX)m=1.0xl08Pa(3)“ᧅ”ä|ᘤḄI6G=mg=1000kgx1ON/kg=1X104N¯èᙠn᣸TḄ9VHKLḄ9V/ᵫo="Fß1000kg=0.2m35.0xlO3kg/m3ᑣ¯èᑮḄA6ὡ/=ìg/'=1.0x1kg/n?x1ON/kgx0.2m3=2x1஺3Nᘤᒴñåò/ᙠóḄA6ஹô§ᘤḄ¼6ஹKLI6õö6Ḅ{ᵨåᜐ÷⊝᝱/ᡠ]ô§ᘤḄ¼6ù=G-ὡû'=1X1()4N-2x1()3N=8X1()3Nüý(1)Ó᪠Õ¬Ö=ᙠ☢Z᣸TḄ9Vc41.5m3ýফµ‘ᧅ''ä|ᘤåᑮ10000m±/ᑮḄc1.0xl()8pa
(3)ᘤḄ8XUN஺18.(1)lxlO5N
(2)14m/s
(3)5.3xlO7N„(1)‷%ᑮ200m(ᜐ*/j=200m

36᦮./ᡠ12Ḅ345p=pgh=1.0x103kg/m3x1ON/kgx200m=2x106Pa
᦮./Ḅ☢;5S=0.05m2,ᵫp=f•BCD*᦮./ᡠ13E5SF=pS=2x106Pax0.05m2=lxlO5N,(2)ᨬᜧ᪶JK᳛5P=2.8xl04kW=2.8x107W
(JOᵨ᪷R஻=⁚UVDᨵᵨK᳛5P£,=80%x2.8x107W=2.24x107W
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F1.6X106N(3)aᐰ%ᑮ2☢%cḄ᣸eE6.8xl()3t,ᑣ£=ᓃij■=6.8x1,xlOfg=6.8x[03m3,P/IxQkg/m?‷pq2☢ᜐrsp*᣸tḄuvVj/=V-V=6.8x103m3-1,5x10W=5.3x103m\s᪷Rspᩩ{|}
i0~8ᓃ
VD*‷Ḅe5G=FQpᩈgV᣸'=l.Ox103kg/m3x10N/kgx5.3x103m3=5.3x107N஺5(1)᦮./1ᑮ2Ḅ3E1X1()5N(2)‷ḄZ[\]E14m/s
(3)‷pq2☢ᜐrsp*‷Ḅe5.3X1()7N஺19.(1)5N
(2)0.2X103kg/m3
(3)1.6X103Paூ௃(1)ᱥᙽḄuvEV=L3=(O,lm)3=lxlO_3m3ᱥᙽᜐrᵬᡠ᝱ᡠ1pᜧEFff=p᝞g=p,Vg=1X103kg/m3X—XIX103m3X10N/kg=5N22(2)ᵬḄᱥᙽ1ᑖ᪆ᱥᙽḄEG=Fp-ᢈ=5N-3N=2NᵫG=mgDᱥᙽḄeEG2Nmᱥ=-==0.2kggION/kgᱥᙽḄ¡]E

370.2kgP==0.2X103kg/m3V1x10-3(3)¢ᱥᙽ£¤¥¦§ᘤḄ(]E¨Ḅ©]OᱥᙽḄª©«|*ᓽḄ(]E஻=10cm+10cm=20cmᵫᓃ”D¢®¯°cᱥᙽsp᣸tḄḄuvE2N=2X10-4m333᜛/gP/glxlOkg/mxlON/kg¢®¯°*☢%±Ḅ²]EV-%_1X10-3³2X1CT4³3Ah—=0.04m=4cm200xl()Tm2☢%±c•Ḅ(]Eh'—h-1/?=20cm-4cm=16cm®¯°´c*ᱥᙽsp*§ᘤµ¶Ḅ34Ep=pKgh'=l.0X103kg/m3XION/kgX16X102m=l.6XIO3Pa20.(l)2.5xl03kg/m3
(2)300Pa
(3)3Nூ௃(D·¸¹sp᣸tḄuvVtj=S/?i=l00cm2x5cm=500cm3=5xl0-4m3·¸¹1ᑮḄpFj=pº=1.Ox103kg/m3x10N/kgx5x104m3=5N»·¸¹sp1ᑮḄp|¼½Ḅ¾¿*ᡠÀ*·¸¹ḄG=F,=5N?·¸¹ḄeG5Nm=-=--=-0--.-5-k--g-g1ON/kg»·¸¹Áµ᣸tḄuv|¼½Ḅuv¾¿*ᡠÀ*·¸¹Ḅu;V=Vt«'=Sh2=100cm2x2cm=200cm3=2x10-4m3·¸¹Ḅ¡]m0.5kg,,p=—=-----------7=2.5xlO3kg/m3V2*10Â3

38(2)·¸¹spᙠ☢|Áᐭµ*§ᘤᑁ(]%±Ḅ²]஻3=-/23=5cm-2cm=3cm=0.03m§ᘤµ¶Ḅ34BᓄÈ\p=pᩈg/?3=1.0x103kg/m3x10N/kgx0.03m=300Pa(3)·¸¹☟Êᙠ§ᘤµ¶*1ᑮḄpF.t'=P,^Vn'=1.0x103kg/m3x10N/kgx2x104m3=2N·¸¹1ᑖ᪆V*1ᑮÍÎᔣÐḄÑᢝ|pஹÍÎᔣ%ḄÔᵨ*ᵫ·¸¹1ᑮḄᔠEÖVDFᓾf=GF^=G-F/=5N-2N=3N;5(1)·¸¹Ḅ¡]2.5xl03kg/m3
(2)·¸¹spᙠ☢|Áᐭµ*§ᘤµ¶Ḅ34BᓄÈ300Pa
(3)·¸¹☟Êᙠ§ᘤµ¶*§ᘤ·¸¹ḄÑᢝ3N஺21.(l)0.3m
(2)0.4N
(3)0.4Nூ
௃(1)᪷Rp=pghVD§ᘤḄ(].p3.0xl03Pah=--——=----------------------=0.3mp/g1.0x103kg/m3x10N/kg(2)ᳫ¥¦ᙠ᣸tḄuv%=V=100cm3=lxl()Tm3ᑣᳫ1ᑮḄp&=2gÙ=1.0X1kg/m3X1ON/kgXlxlo4nf=INᳫ1ᑮÚ½ஹÛḄpÀÜᢱÞß³Ḅ3àáḄÔᵨ*ᑣᢱÞᳫḄ3%=ὡãäG=1N-O.6N=O.4N(3)ᳫ¥¦1ᑮḄpᜧrÚḕḄ*æçᢱÞ*ᳫ☟Êcspᙠ☢*1ᑮḄp¿rᳫÚ½Ḅ*ᓽO'=G=0.6N§ᘤµ3¿rḄ|ᳫ1ᑮḄp«|*ḄèB*ᑣ§ᘤµ3ḄBᓄe

39M=F0ᕖ=1N-0.6N=0.4N5(1)§ᘤḄ(]0.3m
(2)ᢱÞᳫḄ30.4N
(3)æçᢱÞ*ᳫ☟Êc*§ᘤµ3ḄBᓄe0.4N஺