2022-2023学年人教版化学高一上学期同步精讲--离子反应（精讲）

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1.2.2
概念ᵨ
▭ḄḄ⊤Ḅ⊤ᐹḄᓄ⊤意义!Ḅᑏᑏ$ᓄ%᧕'()ஹ᧕ᵯḄᱥ-ᦋᑏᡂ0,2'Ḅᱥ-ஹ34)5ᵨᓄᱥ-!◤7ᡂজ9⏚;HC1,Hs0

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cde1^$Lij6ᮞK:2^$LK:

3(3)ᔣ^ᓄ╅/0'rᐭij6ᮞKt஺(4)1L72⏚to(5)b⏚./0L^ᓄ┛/0t»(6)b⏚#./0L#&ᓄ./0t«ூ|2-2௃ᑡ]ᵨ
cdeOH+H*=H2஺⊤Ḅ"A.#&ᓄ/0L72⏚ḄB.KL*⏚ḄC.)U/0L7`⏚ḄD.⏚Lij6ᮞKḄூ◕:௃1.(2022')ᑡ]ᵨ
cdeH++OH-=Hq⊤Ḅ"A.#&ᓄ1,2⏚/0ḄB.#&ᓄa,7`⏚ḄC.K,7*⏚ḄD.⏚/0,)U/0Ḅ2.ᑏhᑡḄ
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cdet(1)3L`⏚ᐳ¡___________________________________(2)¢L#&ᓄ./0______________________________________(3)bL`⏚ᐳ¡(4)£¤¥ᑴ^$(5)&ᓄ¢L*⏚_____________________________(6)^ᓄ¢L§¨#&ᓄ./0(7)©¨V&ᓄbªᐭ«¢⏚./0'________________________________________(8)V&ᓄ¬LKᑴ`⏚_______________________________(9)®L7`⏚_________________________________________

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cdeḄfᑏூ|3௃ᑏhᑡḄ
cde1ij6ᮞK'ªᐭV&ᓄb©¨ஹ§¨CO©¨t_____________________________________________________________________________________2CO2§¨t______________________________________________________________________________________2ᔣ#&ᓄ.ᡈ#&ᓄa/0'ªᐭCO?©¨ஹ§¨CO2©¨t_______________________________________________________________________________________CO§¨t_______________________________________________________________________________________23b⏚./0'¶ᐭ*⏚©¨ஹ§¨HC1©¨t_______________________________________________________________________________________HC1§¨t_______________________________________________________________________________________ூ◕:௃1.ᑏh·ᔠ⚪ºḄ
cde1ᔣij6ᮞK'ªᐭ©¨CO2$E»§¨\ᐸ
ᑖ½ᑏ2ᔣBaOH2/0'⌲À¶ᐭH2sO4/03ᔣ¨ḄNaHSCU/0'rᐭCuO.2.ᑏ
cdet1ÆNaHSCM/0¶ᐭ#&ᓄ/0'»'ឋt஺2ij6ᮞK'ªᐭ§¨COt஺23.2020ÉÊᐤÌÍ'ᨴὃᑏhᑡᢣ@Ḅ
cde1NaA10/0'ªᐭ¨CO222NaHSOrᐭᑮBaOH/0'»/0ᕈ'ឋ423ᔣNH4AlSO42/0'rᐭ§¨NaOH/0ὃÓ
cde>ÔḄᑨÖூ|4௃ᑡ
cdefᑏ>?Ḅ"A.Æ3ᱏ×ᐭ`⏚Ø/0'tCu+Ag+=Cu2t+AgB.Æ72⏚¶ᙠ1ᱏt2Fe+6H+=2Fe,++3HT2C.Æ2⏚3/0,#&ᓄ./0ÞᔠtCu"+2OH-=CuOH2JD.Æ©¨b⏚┛árᐭᑮ7*⏚'tCO+2H'=H,O+COT2

5ூ◕:௃1.2022ᓅäᝰæᑡḄ
cde>?Ḅ"A.#&ᓄ/0L2⏚/0tBa2++SO-=BaSOi4B.^ᓄ./0L`⏚Ø/0tCr+AgNO=AgCli+NO3C.b⏚┛L7*⏚tCO^+2H4=COT+HO22D.7`⏚L#&ᓄ./0tH++OH-=HO22.ᑡ
cde>?Ḅ"A.CuOH2L7HNO3ÞᔠtOH-+H+=H?OB.CaCl?LNa2cO3tCa2++CO~=CaCO,C.MgOL*⏚tO2-+2H+-HO2D.BaOH%L7H2SO4tBa2++SOj=BaSOJ43.2022çèé□ᑡ
cde>?Ḅ"A.^$L#&ᓄ./0tC1+2OH=Cl+C1O+H,O2B.ij6ᮞKë7`⏚tCaOH2+2H+=Ca"+2HqC.Æ*⏚LMnO?Þᔠr¡tMnO+2H++2C1=Mn2++C1T+HO222D.CH3coOH/0LNaOH/0tH4+OH=H,Oὃì
ᐳíூ|5-1ᑡᔜY/0'@]ᜧ¨ᐳíḄ
Y"A.Ba"ஹNa\ஹCPஹNOB.K+>H+ஹNOஹFe2+C.Ba"ஹK*ஹOH>SOtD.H+ஹAT"ஹNa\ஹHCOூ|5-252022îᐗð'¯°\ᙠñ⏚ឋ/0'òóᜧ¨ᐳíḄ"A.AôஹSOtஹBa2+B.Fe"ஹNOஹSO=C.SO-ஹNa+ஹCl-D.Fe"ஹNOஹCõூ◕:௃

61.ᑡᔜY
]ᙠ/0'ᜧ¨ᐳíḄ"A.H*ஹNa\CP>OHB.K*ஹNa*ஹCõஹNOC.K\ஹH+ஹCOஹClD.Na\Mg2\SOஹOH2.2021úûüὃýᑡᔜY
]ᙠ/0'ᜧ¨ᐳíḄ"A.Na\Ca2+.NOஹCOtB.Na*ஹH*ஹCOtஹCPC.Na+>Cu>ஹSOjஹCPD.K*ஹH+>OHCf3.2022•ᓭ•ᙠឋḄ⁐ᜧ!ᐳ#Ḅ$%&'A.K*ஹFe?+ஹSO2-B.NH2ஹSO2ஹHCO2C.NaNO2ஹCO;-D.Ag+ஹMnO2ஹCP4.2022•@ᓭ᧎•ᙠBᨵᜧ!Cl\Fe3\SO2ḄFGᜧ!#ᙠḄ%&'A.Ag*B.Ba2+C.H+D.OHὃIJ%&KLḄMᵨூP6-1QRSTU#ᙠᜧ!ḄNa+ஹCVஹCu2\SO2,Y◀[ᐸḄCi?+ஹSO2,^_R`ab᝞dᡠfgRSTU|=0"»iᑺa»£m?nopiᑺ஺^s.ஹCl1uᑡᨵᐵxy┯{Ḅ'A.NaOHḄ|ᵨ'◀[}IFACu2+B.iᑺaNa2co3,iᑺJbBaCLC.|xiᑺc⏚D.SOg'ᔲ◀G〉!ᐜᐭ⏚ᐭBaCLூP6-2Q⁐GBᨵu%&ḄgK'ஹMg2\AP\Fe2\Ba2\NO2,SOgஹCO2ஹrCV¡¢£᝞u¤:জ§¨ᙠpHiª«ᕈ⁐஺ঝ§¯°±²³ᐭ´ᱏ¶⏚ᨵ⁐·¸¹º»ᐭ¼·ᑣ¾ᓽÀᡂÂ⁐஺ঞ¯°¨ᐭBaCLiᑣÄÅÆ⁐ÇÈ஺ট¤ঞḄÊ˨ᐭAgNOiÄÅÌÍHNO3ḄÆ⁐ÇÈ஺3

7ঠϯ°¨ᐭNaOHᨵÆ⁐ÇÈÅᡂÐNaOH!ÑᨵÒᑖÆ⁐ÇÈÔ஺᪷Ö«×ØᑨÚÛA.ÜÝÌ#ᙠḄ%&'Fe2+ஹCO2\IB.ÜÝ#ᙠḄ%&'AP+ஹSOgஹCl\NO2ஹMg2+C.Ì|ºᑨÚḄ%&ÞᨵK+ஹerD.«ᑨÚßÌàáூ◕ãK௃1.(2022•æçèé•)ÞᵨiᑺëG§NH4clஹ(NH4)2SC)4ஹKSOìKC124íîïðiᑺ'A.Ba(OH)2B.AgNChC.BaCLD.KOH2.(2022•«òóᔺõö)Q⁐GᵫK2co3ஹMgCl>NaHCOஹBaCl?Ḅᡈ2ú$ᡂ஺᪵ᔣᐭýº×Æ⁐ÇÈ2Ï᪵ᐭ¶⏚þº×Æ⁐ÇÈÿ
஺ᑖ᪆ᑡᑨḄA.ᨵMgCl?Kco,B.ᨵMgCl?BaCl22C.ᨵK2co3NaHCOsD,ᨵBaCl?NaHCO,3.,-./01ᨵK+ஹMg2\Fe3\CO7ஹHCO8ஹSO7ஹCh;<=>?@␺BCD᝞7CDজ7GᐭNaOH-.IJK⁐MN8CDঝ7ᙠজᡠRḄ-.SGTUBa(OH)2-.ᨵK⁐MNJᡂ8CDঞ7Z[ᯠ]ᙠᡠRK⁐MN^GᐭZU_`⏚MNbᑖ-c஺ᵫᑨ7(1),-.fgᙠḄhiᨵ,/01ᨵo(jhikl)(2)CDজmJḄhinopq஺(3)CDঞ/0mJrsḄhinopqo

81.2.2hirstuvw概念ᵨ▭Ḅ
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11B.hirsᨵJᡂᨵJᡂḄrs¬hirs᝞®ᰀᮞᨵ±ᓄ²Jᡂ,rshirsBkᔠ⚪;C.ᙠ-.hirsmJḄᩩ}´ᡂ¥-ឋḄᡈ¥ᵯhḄᡈ᧕ᢵmḄᱥ«᝞HC1¤CHjCOONarsIJNaCl¶⏚rsḄhinopqCHCOO+H+=CH3coOH,Ckᔠ⚪;3D.FezCh¤_⏚rsJᡂFe2(SC>4)3ஹH0,rsḄhinopqFe2Ch+6H+=2Fe3++3H2O,Dkᔠ⚪;2ᦑᫀq7D஺2.ᑡrshirsḄ()A.½¾ᓄB.¿ẆᜫÂÃᨔC.⏚ÅrsD.±ᓄ¤ᓄ┛Ḅrsூᫀ௃Cூc᪆௃hirsᨵhiGᡈᨵhiJᡂḄrsᵯc«ᙠ-.mJḄrshirs஺AஹBஹDqÇÈÉᡈ¤ÇÈÉḄrsᙠ-.ḄrsᦑὅᙳhirsCq-.ḄrsᦑCkᔠ⚪ᦑᫀq7C«3.ᑡᔜÎᱥ«0mJhirsḄ()A.ᓄ-.¤Ïᓄ-.B.`⏚-.¤ÏᓄÐ-.C.²⏚-.¤_`⏚D.¤_⏚ூᫀ௃Bூc᪆௃A.ᓄ-.¤Ïᓄ-.Ñᔠ,mJᑖcrsIJFe(OH)K⁐MNNaCl,Akᔠ2⚪;B.`⏚-.¤ÏᓄÐ-.ÑᔠÒMNIJ;Ò
8¬ᨵÓᵯc«JᡂÔᐹᜓᑖcrsḄᩩ}¬0mJᐸØrsBkᔠ⚪;C.²⏚-.¤_`⏚ÑᔠmJᑖcrsIJNaNChஹÙ0ஹCO2Ckᔠ⚪;D.¤_⏚mJÚᓄrsIJFeCbH2,Dkᔠ⚪8ᦑᫀq7B஺ὃ{±hinopḄÜᑏூ2-1௃ᑏ
ᑡrsḄhinop(1)ϤÞßᮞrs:(2)Ϥrs:(3)ᔣÏᓄ╅-.GᐭÞßᮞ:஺(4)¤_⏚rs:(5)²⏚-.¤Ïᓄ┛-.rs:(6)²⏚ä-.¤ᓄ-.rs:

12ூᫀ௃(I)C1+2OH-=C1+C1O+H2O2(2)Cl+H0?iH++Cr+HC1022(3)Mg2++2OH=Mg(OHHভFe+2H+=Fe2++H2T(5)Ca2F+CO^=CaCO,4(6)HCO'+OH=CO8+HO2ூc᪆௃(1)ϤÞßᮞrsJᡂÏᓄ┛ஹìÏ⏚┛hinopqCb+20HMer+CIO+HzO8(2)ϤrsJᡂ⏚ìÏ⏚hinopqC1+HO#H++C1+HC1O22;(3)ᔣÏᓄ╅-.GᐭÞßᮞJᡂᓄ╅MNhinopqMg2++2OH=Mg(OH)2i8(4)¤_⏚rsJᡂ⏚hinopqFe+2H+=Fe2++Ht28(5)²⏚-.¤Ïᓄ┛-.rsJᡂ²⏚┛MNhinopqCa2++CO8=CaCChl8(6)²⏚ï-.¤ᓄ-.rsJᡂ²⏚hinopqHCO8+OH=CO8+Ù0஺ூ2-2ðᑡrs0ᵨhinopOH+H+=H0⊤òḄ2A.ᓄó-.¤_⏚ḄrsB.ô¤⏚ḄrsC.Å-.¤_`⏚ḄrsD.¶⏚¤ÞßᮞḄrsூᫀ௃Cூc᪆௃A.ᓄ┝⏚-.rsJᡂ⏚ó⏚óᙠhirsöᶇᓄøp0ᵨOH+H+=H2஺⊤òA┯ú8B.ôÓÅᑏhinopḄû᎛0ýB┯ú8C.Å-._`⏚rsJᡂ`⏚hirs/þᵨOIT+H+=H2O⊤òC8D.¶⏚qÓ⏚ᙠhirsöᶇᓄøp¶⏚-.ÞßᮞḄrs0ᵨOH-+H+=HQ⊤
D┯ᦑ⌱C஺ூ◕௃1.(2022•)"ᑡ$%ᵨ'()*+H++()H-=H2஺⊤
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A┯B.34ᓄC7>D⏚$LᡂD⏚C7='($RSᵨH++OH=H2஺⊤
BUVC.<=1WGᑏ'()*+ḄY᎛Q%[C┯D.E⏚\W⏚ᙠ'($Oᶇᓄ+E⏚:;7FG:;Ḅ$Q%ᵨH+0H=H2஺⊤
D┯]ᦑ⌱Bo2.ᑏ_"ᑡ$Ḅ'($)*+](1)`⏚a:;b>?⏚;(2)`⏚┛bᐭ>?⏚(3)`⏚a:;7gᮞ=Ḅ$஺(4)34ᓄK:;j8⏚:;Ḅ$(5)lᱏᢗᐭ?⏚:;(6)pq7rsgᮞ=$(7)`⏚3a:;7>?⏚(8)8⏚3a:;734ᓄa:;஺ூ@ᫀ௃পCO+2H+=H2O+CO2T(2)CaCCh+2H-=Ca2++HO+CO2T2(3)CO;+Ca2f=CaCO3(4)Ba2++2OH+2H++SO]=BaSO4j+2H2O(5)Fe+2H-=Fe2*+H2T(6)2OH+C1=C1+C1O+HO22(7)HCO3+H+=H2O+CO2T(8)H++OH=HO2ூI᪆௃(D`⏚a:;b>?⏚Ḅ$)*+\]Na2CO+2HCl=2NaCl+HO+CO2Tᑣ'()*+\]32CO^+2H+=HO+COf,ᦑ@ᫀ\]CO^+2H+=H2O+CO2T(2)`⏚┛bᐭ>?⏚Ḅ$)*+\]22CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl+HO+CO2T,ᑣ'()*+\]CaCO+2H+=Ca2++HO+COt.ᦑ@ᫀ\]CaCO+2H+223223=Ca2++HO+CO2T2(3)`⏚a:;7gᮞ=Ḅ$)*+\]NaCO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCOl+2NaChᑣ'()*+\]CO+Ca2+=23

14CaCO.Uᦑ@ᫀ\]CO+Ca2*=CaCChI(4)4ᓄK:;j8⏚:;Ḅ$)*+\]Ba(OH”+H2sO4=BaSO41+2H2஺ᑣ'()*+\]Ba2++2OH+2H++SO^=BaSOi+2HO,ᦑ@ᫀ\]Ba2++2OH+2H++SO^=BaSOl+2H2O424(5)lᱏᢗᐭ?⏚:;Ḅ$)*+\]Fe+2HCl=FeCl+Htᑣ'()*+\]Fe+2H+=Fe2++HT.ᦑ@222ᫀ\]Fe+2H-=Fe2++HT2যpq7rsgᮞ=$Ḅᓄ)*+\]2Ca(OH)2+2C12=CaC12+Ca(ClO)2+2HO,ᑣ'()*+\]22OH-+Cl=Cr+ClO+H2O,ᦑ@ᫀ\]20H+C12=Cr+C10+H202`⏚3a:;7>?⏚$Ḅᓄ)*+\]NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+HO+CO2?,ᑣ'()*+\]HCO2+H+=HO+COtᦑ@ᫀ\]HCO+H+=HO+COT22322(8)8⏚3a:;734ᓄa:;$Ḅᓄ)*+\]NaHSO+NaOH=NaSO4+H2O,ᑣ'()*+\]42H++OH=HO,ᦑ@ᫀ\]H++OH=HOO223.ᑏ_"ᑡ$Ḅ'()*+](1)jD⏚ᐳ$___________________________________(2)j34ᓄa:;$______________________________________(3)`jD⏚ᐳ$_______________________________________(4)ᑴpq________________________________________(5)4ᓄj?⏚$_____________________________(6)pᓄj34ᓄa:;$(7)4ᓄ`ᐭ⏚a:;$______________________________________________(8)4ᓄj=$ᑴD⏚_______________________________(9)¢j>D⏚$__________________________________________(10)p⏚Cj?⏚£¤"$ᑴpq_____________________________________ூ@ᫀ௃(1)CU+4H++2NO=CU2++2NOT+2H2O32(2)2A1+2OH+2HO=2A1O+3H2T22(3)C+4H++4NO=^=CO2f+4NO2T+2H2O(4)MnO+4H++2Cl4Mi^+CI2T+2H2O32(5)A1O+6H+=2A13++3H2O23(6)A13++4OH-=AIO2-+2HO2(7)CO+3HO+2A1O=2A1(OH)31+COj2-222

15(8)3NO2+H2O=2H++2NO+NO3(9)3Zn+8H++2NO=3Zn2++2N0f+4HO32(10)ClOj-+6H++5d=3C11+3HO22ூI᪆௃(1)jD⏚ᐳ©L4ᓄª«$¬4ᓄᨬ®LᡂD⏚D⏚¬ª«\4ᓄ'()*+\Cu+4H++2NO3-=Cu2++2NChT+2H2஺@ᫀ\Cu+4H++2NO=Cu2++2NO2f+2H2O3(2)j34ᓄa:;$°ª«ᑺᨬ®²ᓄ\⏚a=°4ᓄᑺ¬ª«\3q'()*+\2A1+2OH+2H2O=2AK)2+3_3@ᫀ\2A1+2OH+2H2O=2AlCh+3Ht2(3)`jD⏚ᐳ$`°ª«ᑺ¬4ᓄ\4ᓄ`D⏚¬ª«\4ᓄ'()*+\C+4H*+4NO4CO2T+4NChf+2H2O@ᫀ\C+4H++4NCh&CO2T+4NO2T+2H2O3(4)ᑴpqµᵨ4ᓄ¶j?⏚ᐳ4ᓄ¶°4ᓄᑺ¬ª«\Mn2+,Cl-¬4ᓄ\pq'()*+\MnO2+4H++2cMn2'+C1T+2HO@ᫀ\MnC>2+4H++2CºAMn21+ChT+2HO222(5)4ᓄj?⏚$©L»ᑖI$Lᡂpᓄ7='()*+\ALO3+6H+=2A|3++3H2O@ᫀ\A1O+6H+=2AP++3H2O23;(6)pᓄj34ᓄa:;$ᨬ®²ᓄ\⏚a'()*+\AF++4OH=A1O+2H2O2@ᫀ\AI3++4OH-=A1OI-+2H2O(7)4ᓄ`ᐭ⏚a:;$Lᡂ34ᓄÀÁ7`⏚a'()*+\CO2+3H2O+2A1O--2A1(OH)31+CO32-]@ᫀ\CO+3HO+2AIO2--2Al(OH)3i+CO32-222i(8)4ᓄj=$ᙠLᡂD⏚ḄÂYªᨵ4ᓄLᡂ'()*+\3NO2+H2O=2H++2NCh-+NO@ᫀ\3NO+HiO=2H++2NO<+NO2(9)¢j>D⏚$LᡂD⏚¢ஹ4ᓄqÆ7='()*+\3Zn+8HT2NO3=3Zn2++2NOT+4HO@ᫀ\3Zn+8H++2NO3=3Zn2++2NOT+4H2஺2(10)p⏚Cj?⏚£¤"$ᑴpqᙠÇ$?⏚ḄHC1Èᑖ⊤É_⏚ឋLᡂpᓄCÈᑖ⊤É_ª«ឋjp⏚CḄpᐳÂLᡂpq'()*+\CIO3+6H+5Cº=3C12T+3H20@ᫀ\CIO3+6H++5cº=3CLT+3H20஺ὃÌᨵᐵ“”'()*+ḄÏᑏூÐ3௃ᑏ_"ᑡḄ'()*+(1)rsgᮞ=ᐭ4ᓄ`(ஹ)CCh]_____________________________________________________________________________________C0]______________________________________________________________________________________2(3)ᔣ34ᓄaᡈ34ᓄC:;ᐭCCh(ஹ)C0]_______________________________________________________________________________________2

16C02]_______________________________________________________________________________________(3)`⏚a:;Óᐭ?⏚(ஹ)HCI]_______________________________________________________________________________________HC1]_______________________________________________________________________________________ூ@ᫀ௃ÔI᪆ூI᪆௃(1)C02()+Ca(OH)2=CaCC>3J+H2O2co2()+Ca(OH)2=Ca(HCC)3)2(2)CCh()+2NaOH=Na2CO3+H2OCCh()+NaOH=NaHCO3(3)Na2cO3+HCI()=NaHC03+NaClNa2co3+2HCI()=2NaCl+H2O+CO2Tூ◕௃1.ᑏ_Öᔠ⚪ÙḄ'()*+(1)ᔣrsgᮞ=ᐭC02qÆÚᐸ'($ᑖÜᑏ(2)ᔣBa(OH)2:;⌲ÞÓᐭH2sO4:;(3)ᔣßḄNaHS0:;bᐭCuO.4ூ@ᫀ௃(1)Ca2++2OH-+CO2=CaCO3+HO,CO2+CO2+HO=HCO2323(2)Ba2+2OH+2H++SO2=BaSOl+2H2O44(3)2H*+CUO=CU2++2HO2ூI᪆௃(1)rsgᮞ=àCO2qÆÚᐜ$Lᡂ`⏚┛'()*+]Ca2++2OH+CO2=CaCOl+HOâᐭ4ᓄ``⏚┛j4ᓄ`$Lᡂ`⏚3┛'()*+]W32+CO+HO=HCO223(2)Ba(OH)2:;⌲ÞÓᐭH2sO4:;,'()*+:Ba2++2OH+2H++SO2=BaSO+2HO442(3)ὅ$æ3'(j4ᓄ$Lᡂ'(7='()*+]2H++CUO=CU2++2H2Oᦑ@ᫀ\:Ca2++2OH+CO2=CaCO1+HO,CO32-+CO2+H2OHCO3';Ba2++2OH+2H++SO2-=BaSC>4+2H2O3242H++CUO=CU2'+2HO.22.ᑏ'()*+](1)çNaHS04:;Óᐭ34ᓄK:;Úឋ]஺(2)rsgᮞ=ᐭC02]஺ூ@ᫀ௃(1)SO4+2H++2OH^+Ba2+=BaSO1+2HO(2)OH+CO=HCOj422ூI᪆௃(1)çNaHSCh:;Óᐭ34ᓄK:;ÚឋÏᑏYS34ᓄKḄ'(èÐ\é⌕ëì8⏚3a%íᐰᵯ'Lᡂ3'(78⏚᪷'(ᓽ3'(734᪷1]1$8⏚᪷7K'(1]1$)*\SO2+2H,+20H-+Ba2+=BaSO1+2H2O஺44(2)rsgᮞ=ᐭCO2,$ᑖÜòó✌ᐜLᡂ`⏚┛7=ᯠö`⏚┛7=÷øjḄ4

17ᓄ`$Lᡂ`⏚3┛`⏚3┛1R:ឋ?ᓽù'($\OH-+CO2=HCO3-஺3.(2020•úûᐤýþᨴὃ)ᑏᑡᢣḄ(1)NaA10ᐭCO!22(2)NaHSC>4&ᐭᑮBa(OH)2)ᕈឋ!(3)ᔣNH4Al(SO)2&ᐭ/NaOH!4ூ1ᫀ௃(1)A1O2+CO2+2H2O=A1(OH)31+HCO-3(2)2H^+SO2+Ba2++2OH=BaSO4i+2HO42(3)NHr+Al3++5OH-=NH3.H2O+AlO2+2HO2ூ<᪆௃(D?ᡂABᓄDEF⏚AHIJAlO2-+CO2+2H2O=Al(OH)3j+HCOn(2)?ᡂM⏚NஹM⏚HEPIJ2H++SO42-+Ba2++2OH=BaSO4j+2H20!(3)Q.ᡂRD⏚HஹSPEPIJNH4++A13++5OH=NH3.H2O+AK)2-+2H2O!ὃUVWXḄᑨZ[\4ᑡ]ᑏW^Ḅ_A.`aᱏcᐭd⏚efCu+AgI=Ci+AgB.`jM⏚kᙠmᱏnf2Fe+6H+=2Fe,++3HT2C.`M⏚aEABᓄHtᔠfCU2++2OH=CU(OH)JD.`xF⏚┛z{&ᐭᑮj|⏚fCO!+2H'=HO+COT22ூ1ᫀ௃Cூ<᪆௃A.ᵯ₹ឤIW^ḄJfCu+2Ag+=Cu2++2Ag,A⚗┯X!B.?ᡂḄ_Fe",W^ḄJfFe+2HT=Fe2t+HT,B⚗┯X!2C.`M⏚aEABᓄHtᔠI?ᡂABᓄaEM⏚HIJfCu>+2OH-=Cu(OH)2C⚗W^!D.CaCC)3ᡂIW^ḄJfCaCO+2H+=Ca2++HO+COT,D⚗┯X!3221ᫀ⌱C„ூ◕௃1.(2022ᓅᝰ{)ᑡḄW^Ḅ_A.ABᓄNM⏚fBa2++SO!-=BaSOU

18B.ᓄHd⏚efCr+AgNO,=AgCl!+NO3C.F⏚┛j|⏚fCO^+2H+=COT+HO22D.jd⏚ABᓄHfH++OH=H,Oூ1ᫀ௃Dூ<᪆௃A.ABᓄNM⏚f2H++SO!+2OH+Ba2+=BaSO+2HO,A┯X!42B.d⏚e_ឋ|I⌕ᑏIJfCr+Ag+=AgCll,B┯X!C.F⏚┛_ឋ|IᑏIJfCaCO+2H+=Ca2++COT+H,O,C┯X!32D.jd⏚ABᓄH?ᡂd⏚HEPfH++OH=H0,DW^!2ᦑ⌱D஺2.ᑡW^Ḅ_A.Cu(OH%jHNO3tᔠfOH+H+=HO2B.CaCl?Na2cO3fCa2++CO!~=CaCO3C.MgO|⏚fO2-+2H+-HO2D.Ba(OH)2jH2sosfBa2++SO!--BaSOi4ூ1ᫀ௃Bூ<᪆௃A.Cu(0H)2PIᓄᶇICu(0H)2jd⏚ḄJCU(OH)+2H'=CU^+2H2O,A⚗┯X!2B.CaCbNa2cCh¢?£ᑖ<?ᡂCaCCh¥¦ENaCl,ḄJCa2++CO!=CaCC)31IB⚗W^!C.MgOᓄᶇIMgO|⏚ḄJMgO+2H+=Mg2++H2O,C⚗┯X!D.Ba(0H)2jM⏚ḄJBa2^2OH+2H-+SO!-=BaSO41+2HO,D⚗┯X!21ᫀ⌱B஺3.(2022§¨©□{)ᑡW^Ḅ_A.«ABᓄHfC1+2OH=C1+C1O+H,O2B.¬®ᮞP°jd⏚fCa(OH)+2H+=Ca2++2HO22

19C.`±|⏚MnC>2tᔠ&²fMnO+2H++2Cl=Mn2++ClT+HO222D.CH3coOHNaOHfH++OH=H,Oூ1ᫀ௃Aூ<᪆௃A.«NaOH¢?Bᓄ³´I?ᡂNaClஹNaClO,ᐸJC12+20H=Cr+C10+H0,ᦑAW^!2B.¬®ᮞPCa(0H)2ᑏᡂId⏚J¶⏚I·¸¹ºtᔠ»,¢?ḄJ0H+H+=H20,ᦑB┯X!AC.⚪ᡠ¾´ឤIW^Ḅ_MnO2+4H++2Cl=Mn2'+C12T+2H20,ᦑC┯X!D.¿⏚_À⏚I]ᑏÁᑏᡂIlE^Ḅ_CH3coOH+OH-CH3co0+H2஺IᦑD┯X!1ᫀJA஺ὃUÂᐳÄூ\5-1௃ᑡᔜÆᜧᐳÄḄÆ_A.Ba2+>Na*ஹCÈஹNO!B.K*ஹH*ஹNO!ஹFe2+C.Ba?*ஹK*ஹOH,SOfD.H+ஹAl"ஹNa'ஹHCO!ூ1ᫀ௃Aூ<᪆௃A.Ba>ஹNa*ஹCÈஹNO!ÉÊËIᜧᐳÄIᦑAÌᔠ⚪Í!B.NO!ᙠH+Î᛻ᐹᨵ¶BᓄឋIBᓄFe?+ÒᜧᐳÄIᦑBÌᔠ⚪Í!C.Ba"SOf?ᡂ¥¦ÒᜧᐳÄIᦑCÌᔠ⚪Í!D.H*ஹA1"HCO!ÓÒᜧᐳÄIᦑDÌᔠ⚪Ífᦑ⌱A஺ூ\5-2](2022nÔÕÖᐗØ{)ÙÚIᙠ¶⏚ឋᜧᐳÄḄ_A.AT"ஹSOjஹBa2+B.Fe"ஹNO!ஹSOfC.SO;-,Na+ஹcrD.Fe"ஹNO!ஹQூ1ᫀ௃Bூ<᪆௃A.M⏚᪷EN?ᡂM⏚Ü¥¦IᜧᐳÄIA┯X!B.mஹd⏚᪷ஹM⏚᪷ݸÊIÞᙠ¶⏚ឋßIᜧᐳÄIBW^!

20c.àM⏚᪷EA?ᡂáBᓄMIᜧÄᙠIC┯X!D.àmஹd⏚᪷EAâ¢?Bᓄ³´IᜧᐳÄID┯X!ᦑ1ᫀ⌱B஺ூ◕௃1.ᑡᔜÆᙠᜧᐳÄḄ_A.H*ஹNa*ஹCr>OHB.K'ஹNa*ஹCÈஹNO!C.KIH+'C஺fஹClD.Na*ஹMg2\SOiஹOHூ1ᫀ௃Bூ<᪆௃A.WOH·¢??ᡂPIᜧᐳÄI⌱⚗A┯X!B.ᔜÉÊãËIᜧᐳÄI⌱⚗BW^!C.H+CO!·¢??ᡂáBᓄFEPIᜧᐳÄI⌱⚗C┯X!D.Mg?+OH-·¢??ᡂABᓄ╅¥¦ÒᜧᐳÄI⌱⚗D┯X!ᦑ⌱B஺2.2021åæçὃèéᑡᔜÆᙠᜧᐳÄḄ_A.NaICa2+.NO!ஹCOfB.Na*ஹH*ஹCOfஹCfC.Na+>Cu>ஹSOfஹCPD.K*ஹH+>OHCfூ1ᫀ௃Cூ<᪆௃A.┛EF⏚᪷?ᡂF⏚┛¥¦IᜧᐳÄIᦑA⌱!B.êF⏚᪷?ᡂPEáBᓄF«ëIᜧᐳÄIᦑB⌱!C.VºÊIᜧᐳÄIᦑC⌱!D.AAB᪷?ᡂPIᜧᐳÄIᦑD⌱!ᦑ⌱C஺3.2022ìᓭÙî{éÙÚÁIᙠ¶ïឋḄð⁐òóᜧᐳÄḄÆ_A.K+ஹFe"ஹSO!B.NH!ஹSO!ஹHCOtC.Na+ஹNO!ஹCO!'D.Ag\MnO!ஹClூ1ᫀ௃Cூ<᪆௃A.Fe3+Jôõ⁐IÞFe3+OH-?ᡂ¥¦ÒᜧᐳÄIᦑAÌᔠ⚪Í:B.¶ïឋIHCO!OHᜧᐳÄIᦑBÌᔠ⚪Í;

21C.Na-ஹNO!ஹCOfᙳJð⁐ÞᙠïឋᩩúᜧᐳÄIᦑCÌᔠ⚪Í;D.MnO!Jü⁐IÞAg*CÈ?ᡂ¥¦ÒᜧᐳÄIᦑDÌᔠ⚪Í!ᦑ⌱C஺4.þ2022ÿᓭ᧎•ᙠᨵᜧCl\FetSOḄᜧᙠḄ!"#A.Ag*B.Ba"C.H*D.OHூ.ᫀ௃Cூ1᪆௃A.3!"4Ḅ5!"678ᡂ5ᓄ3;⁐=>ᡠ@Aᙠ3!"ᦑA┯DEB.F!"4ḄG⏚᪷!"678ᡂG⏚F;⁐=>ᡠ@AᙠF!"ᦑB┯D;C.K!"4Ḅ5!"ஹM!"ஹG⏚᪷!"AN8OP67ᡠ@ᙠK!"ᦑCQRED.KS᪷!"4ḄM!"678ᡂKSᓄMT⋎⁐=>ᡠ@AᙠM!"ᦑD┯DEᦑ⌱C஺ὃYZ!"67Ḅ[ᵨூ]6-1abcdefᙠᜧḄNa+ஹChCu2\SO,m◀oᐸḄC/+ஹSOE,rsctuv᝞xᡠycdef|{|}~ᑺa~ᑺc»Na+ஹCl1ᑡᨵᐵ┯DḄ#1t1tA.NaOHḄᵨ#◀oCiP+B.~ᑺaNa2co3,~ᑺbBaCLC.x~ᑺc⏚D.SO-#ᔲ◀〉ᐜ¢ᐭ⏚¤¢ᐭBaCbூ.ᫀ௃Bூ1᪆௃A.ᵫ{¦ᑖ᪆¨NaOHḄᵨ#◀oCM+,8ᡂKSᓄª=>ᦑAQREB.~ᑺaBaCb,~«UbNa2cO3,⏚®ᙠ5ᓄᱥ°±◀oḄ3!"ᦑB┯DEC.ᵫ{¦ᑖ᪆¨x~ᑺc⏚ᦑCQRED.SO#ᔲ◀〉ᐜ¢ᐭ⏚᣸◀³᡾!"¤¢ᐭBaCbµA8ᡂ;⁐=>ᑣ◀6°·ᨵ◀ᦑDQREᦑ⌱Boூ]6-2ab¸⁐¹ᨵ@!"Ḅµ³ºK+ஹMg2+ஹAP\Fe2\Ba2\NOEஹSOஹ

22coEஹr½cr,¾¿À᝞ÁজÃÄᙠpH~Æ{ᕈT⁐஺ঝÃÉÊË̱¢ᐭªᱏ½G⏚ᨵ¸⁐ÎÏÐÑÒᐭÓÎᑣÔᓽÖᡂT×⁐஺ঞÉÊÄᐭBaCl~ᑣÙ8;⁐=>஺2টÁঞḄÛÜÄᐭAgNO~Ù8AÝHNO3Ḅ;⁐=>஺3ঠßÉÊÄᐭNaOHᨵ;⁐=>8ᡂàNaOHáâᨵãᑖ;⁐=>1஺᪷ä@{åæᑨèéA.êëAᙠḄ!"#Fe2+ஹCOEஹrB.êëᙠḄ!"#AF+ஹSOEஹCl\NOEஹMg2+C.AÑᑨèḄ!"ìᨵK+ஹClD.@{ᑨèíAQRூ.ᫀ௃Cூ1᪆௃ᕈ¸⁐ᑣë¸Fe2+EজÃÄᙠpH~Æ{ᕈT⁐ᕈ⏚ឋᑨè¸COEEঝÃÉÊË̱¢ᐭªᱏ½G⏚ᨵ¸⁐ÎÏÐÑÒᐭÓÎᑣÔᓽÖᡂT×⁐@ᑨèᨵNO3Eïᔠজঝ⏚ឋNOEᨵñSᓄឋᑨè¸éឋòñḄ1-EঞÙ8;⁐=>ᨵSO3¿óôè¸Ba2+EঞÄᐭBaCb~õᐭöcr,ᑣটÑḄcrAë#éḄEঠ=>ãᑖ1RëᨵAF+ஹMg2'Eø{ᡠ¦ëᨵMg2+ஹAP\NO,,SO,ᨵK+ஹCl',ë¸Fe2+ஹBa2\COEஹhA.ᵫᑖ᪆¨ë¸Fe?+ஹBa2\COEஹr,A┯DEB.ᵫᑖ᪆¨ëᙠḄ#Mg2.ஹAl3\NOEஹSO,ᨵCLB┯DEC.ᵫᑖ᪆¨ëᨵMg2:AP+\NO3ஹSOhᨵK\Cl',ë¸Fe2'ஹBa2\COEஹI'.C.iERED.ᵫᑖ᪆¨CQRD┯DE⌱C஺ூ◕þ6௃1.ÿ2022•ᵨᑺNH4clஹNH42SC>4ஹK2sCU#KC1

23&'()*ᑺ+A.Ba(0H)2B.AgNChC.BaCLD.KOHூ8ᫀ௃Aூ;᪆௃A.Ba(0H)2=NH4cl>?ᨵABឋDᕡDFGH)=(NH6SCU>?ᨵABឋDᕡDFGHJK⁐MNOᡂ)=K2s04>?ᨵK⁐MNOᡂ)=KCIRST)U&'()ᦑAWᔠ⚪Z[B.AgNCh=\ὅ^ᨵK⁐MNOᡂ)_RᐸaST)bU&'()ᦑBbWᔠ⚪ZcC.BaCb=(NH^SCUஹK2sCU^ᨵK⁐MNOᡂ)^RᐸaST)=NHQlJKC1^RST)bU&'()ᦑCbWᔠ⚪ZcD.K0H=NH4clஹ(NH4)2SO4^ᨵABឋDᕡOᡂ)=K2s஺4#KC1RST)bU&'()ᦑDbWᔠ⚪Z஺hiᡠk)8ᫀlA஺2.(2022•imnᔺpqr)sR⁐UᵫK2cOஹஹMgCl>NaHCO?ஹBaCl?qḄᡈ2yzᡂ஺{᪵)ᔣq~ᐭHSK⁐MNc{᪵)~ᐭ⏚HSK⁐MNGHDF஺ᑖ᪆)ᑡᑨqḄ+A.ᨵMgCl?JK2cO3B.ᨵMgCl?JBaCl?C.ᨵK2cO3JNaHCC)3D.ᨵBaCl?JNaHCO[ூ8ᫀ௃Dூ;᪆௃ᵫᱯST[“~ᐭ⏚HSK⁐MNGHDF”)BaCL,ᔲK2cCh,lK2cChJBaCLbUᐳ)¡ᨵDFGH)ᑨq¢NaHCCh஺~ᐭNaOH£OK⁐MN)K⁐MNU+Mg(0H)2ᡈBaCChᡈ¤ὅḄ¥ᔠᱥ)ᵫ§NaHCChᙠ)ᦑR©ᑨMgCL+ᔲᙠ஺ᦑqᨵBaCLJNaHCCh,UMgCL,ªᨵK2co3,ᡠ8ᫀ⌱D஺3.sUᨵK+ஹMg2\Fe3\CO[ஹHCOcஹSOcஹCh±²³´µ¶␺')¸¹᝞[¸¹জ[~ᐭNaOH£OK⁐MNc¸¹ঝ[ᙠজᡠ½Ḅq¾~¿ÀBa(0H)2)ᨵK⁐MNOᡂc¸¹ঞ[ÂÃ)ᯠÅᙠᡠ½K⁐MNi~ᐭÂÀÆ⏚)MNÇᑖ;஺ᵫᑨ:(1)sq¢ᙠḄÉÊᨵ)Uᨵ஺(ËÉÊWÌ)(2)¸¹জÍOḄÉÊÎÏÐl஺

24(3)¸¹ঞUÍO>?ḄÉÊÎÏÐloூ8ᫀ௃(1)Mg"ஹSO[ChK\HCO3(2)2OH+Mg2+=Mg(OH)J2(3)BaCO+2H+=Ba2++HO+COT322ூ;᪆௃(1)ᵫ¸¹জ~ᐭNaOH£OK⁐MN½qᨵMÕ+,ÖRFe3+,¡lMg2-=COcbᐳ,ØRCOc,ঝq=Ba(OH)2OᡂK⁐MNᓽlSO/•ঞqMNÇᑖ;);ḄᨵজqḄMg(OH)2,ÛUᨵHCOcᙠঝq=Ba(OH)2OᡂḄMN஺ᦑᨵMg"JSO[,UᨵHCOcஹC1JK\(2)ÜÝ᪷=╅ÉÊOᡂÜÝᓄ╅MN)ÉÊÎÏÐl[2OH+Mg2+=Mg(OH)J஺2বᨵḄMg(OH)2;)Mg(OH)+2H+=Mg2++HO,UᨵBaCO3+2H+=Ba2++H2O+CC)2T,22